Multi-stage spinning flow friction stir deposition additive device and deposition additive method

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stir deposition additive manufacturing apparatus and method, belonging to the field of friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology. The multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stir deposition additive manufacturing apparatus and method provided by this invention can enhance the plasticization degree of the filler metal, avoiding interface defects such as unbonded or weakly connected layers, and solving the problem of easy blockage in the additive channels. It enables continuous supply of filaments and rods during the additive process, improving deposition additive efficiency and overcoming the technical bottleneck of continuous additive manufacturing. The apparatus is universally applicable to all metals, with particularly outstanding advantages for lightweight alloys such as aluminum and magnesium alloys. Furthermore, the apparatus has a simple structure and can be used in conjunction with conventional friction stir equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to a multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stir deposition additive manufacturing device and deposition additive manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Metal additive manufacturing technology, as a rapid prototyping manufacturing method, achieves the integrated molding of large and complex structural parts by stacking metal materials layer by layer. Compared with traditional manufacturing technologies, it has advantages such as high material utilization, low manufacturing cost, and short production cycle. It has great technical advantages and broad application prospects in the field of key complex structural parts preparation.

[0003] Among these technologies, cladding additive manufacturing, utilizing high-energy heat sources such as lasers, electron beams, plasma beams, and electric arcs, has attracted considerable attention. However, lightweight alloys such as magnesium, titanium, and aluminum are prone to defects like porosity, incomplete fusion, and gas bubbles during the melting-solidification process in cladding additive manufacturing. Furthermore, aluminum alloys exhibit low absorption rates to laser and electron beams, high thermal conductivity, and are easily oxidized, limiting the formability and structural performance of cladding additives. Friction stir deposition (FSD), as a solid-phase additive manufacturing technology, not only avoids defects such as porosity and cracks but also effectively refines the microstructure as a large plastic deformation process, thereby significantly improving additive quality. It possesses unique advantages in the additive manufacturing of lightweight alloy structures.

[0004] Currently, friction stir additive manufacturing (AFSD) can be categorized into four types based on the process characteristics: The first type involves stacking thin plates layer by layer and connecting them using friction stir lap welding. This process has low material utilization and additive efficiency, and requires a large amount of subsequent processing, making it suitable only for manufacturing simple-shaped components. The second type uses consumable rods as a "stirring head," which rotates under load and rubs against the substrate. The heated and plasticized rod is deposited onto the substrate under torsional shear force. However, this process is difficult to perform continuous deposition, has poor formability, and is difficult to control. The third type is coaxial feeding (rod / powder) metal friction stir deposition additive manufacturing, patented by MELD in the United States. A hollow stirring head coaxially feeds the material to be deposited, and the rod rubs and plasticizes against the substrate, mixing with it to achieve deposition. MELD is currently a relatively mature AFSD technology internationally, but its additive formability still needs improvement, and its equipment design is complex and development is difficult. The fourth type is wire-filled friction stir deposition, which uses filaments as fillers and has the outstanding advantages of high deposition accuracy and continuous deposition capability.

[0005] Patent CN109202273A discloses a filament-filled friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus and method. This method involves extending filament from the side wall of a stirring pin, and using the relative rotational friction between the stirring pin and the shaft shoulder to thermoplasticize and deposit the filament onto the surface to be additively manufactured. However, this apparatus requires the filament to pass through the interior of the stirring pin, resulting in a long filament feeding path. This makes the filament highly susceptible to deformation, leading to intermittent filament supply and poor deposition.

[0006] Patent CN112496522A discloses a friction stir additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method. This method provides filament to the hollow cavity of the stirring head and cutter handle via a filament feeding mechanism, and extrudes the filament into a rod through the movement of an extruder. The rod rotates together with the stirring head and generates heat through friction with the substrate to be added, achieving continuous additive manufacturing. Essentially, it still uses coaxial rod fillers, making the device relatively complex, and the extrusion process easily leads to uneven material density, thus affecting the forming and performance of the additive structure.

[0007] Patent CN112958902A discloses a device and method for filler wire stationary shoulder friction stir welding and additive manufacturing. The wire passes through the wire feeding hole of the stationary shoulder and contacts the threaded groove of the stirring head. Under the action of rotational friction, it becomes plasticized and moves downward along the threaded groove to the stirring zone, where it is deposited as additive material under the pressure of the stationary shoulder. However, in this method, the deposition channel formed by the threaded groove on the outer periphery of the stirring pin is relatively long, and the plasticized metal easily adheres to the inside of the threaded groove or even blocks the deposition channel, easily causing problems with the smoothness of the additive deposition process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the challenges of continuous additive manufacturing, easy clogging of the discharge channel, and difficulty in achieving rapid and stable additive manufacturing in existing friction stir additive manufacturing technologies, this invention provides a multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stir deposition additive manufacturing device and method. This method enhances the plasticization of the filler metal, avoiding interfacial defects such as unbonded or weakly connected layers, and solves the problem of easy clogging of the additive channel. It enables continuous supply of filaments and rods during the additive manufacturing process, improving deposition additive efficiency and overcoming the technical bottleneck of continuous additive manufacturing. The device is universally applicable to all metals, with particular advantages for lightweight alloys such as aluminum and magnesium alloys. Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and can be used in conjunction with conventional friction stir equipment.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] This invention provides a multi-stage spin-compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device, which consists of a stirring head, an extrusion collar, and a stationary shoulder;

[0011] The stirring head includes a stirring head clamping part, an assembly part bar rail, a stirring plate, an inner concave streamline guide groove, a vertical guide groove, a cylindrical boss, and a flow divider groove; the extrusion collar includes an outer convex spiral line on the lower end face and a clamping bar groove; the stationary shoulder includes a feed port.

[0012] The stirring head has an inverted T-shaped shaft structure. The upper part is a cylindrical shaft with a stirring head clamping part at the upper end. The middle part of the shaft has a strip guide rail, and the lower part is a disc-shaped structure that is a stirring plate. The outer edge of the stirring plate is provided with 1-4 vertical guide grooves. The upper surface has concave streamline guide grooves distributed according to the position of the vertical guide grooves. The annular area from the outer edge of the lower surface to the outer edge of the root of the cylindrical boss is provided with a three-dimensional spiral streamlined diversion groove according to the distribution position of the vertical guide grooves. The center of the lower end face is provided with a coaxial cylindrical boss. The cylindrical shaft is coaxial with the stirring plate.

[0013] The extrusion collar is a cylindrical ring with a mechanical and ultrasonic control device at the upper end. The inner peripheral wall is provided with a clamping groove, and a heating coil is provided near the lower end face inside. The lower end face is provided with convex spirals, and the number of convex spirals is greater than 3.

[0014] The stationary shaft shoulder sidewall has a double-sided or single-sided feed port;

[0015] The stirring head is clamped to the main shaft of the stirring friction device via a clamping part, the extrusion collar is sleeved on the stirring head shaft, and the stationary shoulder surrounds the stirring head and the extrusion collar and is fixed on the stirring friction device.

[0016] The stirring head rotates coaxially with the main shaft of the friction stirrer and applies a forging force between the stirring head and the surface to be deposited additive material through the friction stirrer; the vertical guide grooves pass through the stirring plate and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0017] The extrusion collar is clamped to the assembly part through a clamping slot and a strip guide rail. The extrusion collar and the stirring head are coaxially matched with a clearance, so that the two can rotate at the same speed or at a different speed.

[0018] The stationary shoulder is fixed to the friction stir device. When the multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stir deposition additive manufacturing device is working, the vertical displacement of the stationary shoulder is 0, and the axial direction is consistent with the additive direction and speed.

[0019] The diameter of the mixing disc is 10-150mm and the thickness is 3-35mm, with the diameter of the mixing disc being larger than the diameter of the upper shaft; the outer diameter of the extrusion collar is 10-150mm and the inner diameter is 5-50mm.

[0020] The lower end plane of the stationary shoulder is flush with the lower end surface of the stirring plate to prevent plasticized metal from overflowing during the deposition additive process.

[0021] A heating coil is provided around the feed inlet, and the bottom is level with the top of the mixing plate, so that the lower surface of the filler just touches the upper surface of the mixing plate and is tangent to the shaft of the mixing head;

[0022] The filler is a metal wire or rod, and is given a pre-pressure of 0.1-1 MPa;

[0023] The concave streamline guide grooves rotate in the same direction as the stirring head, and there are more than 3 of them.

[0024] The vertical guide channels penetrate the mixing plate and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the vertical guide channels are at an angle of 0-90° to the plane of the mixing plate;

[0025] The cylindrical boss has a thickness ranging from 1 to 5 mm and a diameter ranging from 3 to 50 mm.

[0026] The direction of rotation of the diversion channel is the same as that of the stirring head. The depth and width are determined according to the diameter of the filler material. The depth and width range are both 0.1-10mm. The number of diversion channels is greater than 3.

[0027] The upper mechanical and ultrasonic control device of the extrusion collar realizes mechanical or ultrasonic vibration extrusion from top to bottom; the heating coil can heat the filler and increase the plastic flow of the metal;

[0028] The geometry of the substrate to be added by the multi-stage spin-fluid stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device is not limited, and the shape of the additive structure is not limited.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for performing additive manufacturing using the above-mentioned multi-stage spinning plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Assemble the stirring head, extrusion collar, and stationary shoulder. The extrusion collar is fitted onto the shaft of the stirring head, and the assembly area of ​​the extrusion collar is clamped to the clamping area. The stationary shoulder surrounds the outside of the stirring head and the extrusion collar and is fixed to the friction stirring device. The stirring head is clamped onto the friction stirring device.

[0031] Step 2: Place the stirring head on the surface of the area to be added, with the stationary shoulder in contact with the area to be added and remaining stationary throughout the process;

[0032] Step 3: The mixing head rotates, and at the same time the packing is fed into the mixing plate and the extrusion collar through the stationary shoulder feed port until the end of the packing is tangent to the shaft of the mixing head;

[0033] Step 4: Under the driving force of the friction stir device, the stirring head moves along a predetermined path on the surface of the area to be added, while maintaining the upsetting force between the stirring head and the surface of the area to be added.

[0034] Step 5: The upper end face of the mixing plate and the lower end face of the extrusion ring rotate and rub against each other, causing the filler to break down and plasticize; as the filler increases, plasticized metal accumulates to form a plasticized zone, and the ultrasonic device and heating coil play a role in increasing the degree of metal plasticization.

[0035] Step 6: When the plasticized metal fills the space between the extrusion ring and the mixing plate, the extrusion ring applies pulse vibration downwards through mechanical and ultrasonic devices to extrude the metal. At the same time, the filler is crushed and the feeding stops. Under the extrusion action, the plasticized metal migrates through the vertical guide channel to the distribution channel on the lower surface of the mixing plate.

[0036] Step 7: After one pulse extrusion ends, the extrusion ring rises; thereafter, the feeding, plasticized metal accumulation, and extrusion process will be repeated. The parameters of feeding, pulse vibration extrusion, and additive speed are optimally matched based on the principle of equal volume to achieve continuous filling of plasticized metal into the lower space of the mixing plate.

[0037] Step 8: The plasticized metal is superplasticized by secondary stirring and friction on the lower surface of the stirring pan. Under the action of the forging force and the rotation and diversion of the diversion groove 14, the superplasticized metal is uniformly diffused and deposited on the surface of the area to be added, realizing the stacking of single-layer materials.

[0038] Step 9: Move the mixing head upward and repeat the stacking of single-layer materials in the additive manufacturing zone to finally achieve the additive manufacturing of the predetermined structure.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0040] 1. The multi-stage spinning friction stir deposition additive manufacturing device and deposition additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention adopts a multi-stage reshaping method that combines staged stirring friction, pulsed mechanical vibration extrusion, ultrasonic plasticization, and thermoplasticization to enhance the plasticization degree of filler metal and achieve superplasticization of filler metal;

[0041] 2. The extrusion collar pulse vibration extrusion pushes the plasticized metal downward through the vertical guide channel, which improves the grain refinement and strengthens the interlayer interface bonding, effectively avoiding interface defects such as unbonded and weak connection between additive layers.

[0042] 3. The small thickness of the mixing plate effectively shortens the deposition channel length, solving the problems of poor material deposition and blockage of the additive manufacturing process;

[0043] 4. The multi-stage spinning plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device and deposition additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention realizes the continuous supply of raw materials such as filaments and rods during the additive manufacturing process through side feeding, thereby improving the additive manufacturing efficiency of stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing; good formability is ensured by static shoulder extrusion molding and the flow distribution groove design on the lower end face of the stirring plate.

[0044] 5. The multi-stage spinning plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device and deposition additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention have the universality of additive manufacturing and are applicable to all metals, especially magnesium and aluminum alloy structures. Through the ingenious design of the device, the complexity of the equipment is reduced and it can be used in conjunction with conventional stirring friction equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 2 Example 1 shows a schematic diagram of the extruded collar structure;

[0047] Figure 3 Example 1 shows a schematic diagram of the stirring head structure;

[0048] Figure 4 Example 1 shows a schematic diagram of the metal assembly structure of the stirring head, extrusion ring, and packing.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mixing head extrusion collar assembly structure in Example 1;

[0050] In the figure: 1-Stirring head; 2-Extrusion collar; 3-Stationary shoulder; 4-Clamping part; 5-Assembly part strip guide rail; 6-Stirring disc; 7-Feed inlet; 8-Filling; 9-Inner concave streamline guide groove; 10-Outer convex spiral; 11-Clamping strip groove; 12-Vertical guide groove; 13-Cylindrical boss; 14-Diverter groove. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the multi-stage spin-forming plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device includes a stirring head 1, an extrusion collar 2, and a stationary shoulder 3. The stirring head 1 has an inverted T-shaped structure, with a lower disc-shaped mechanism called a stirring disk 6. A cylindrical shaft connected to the stirring disk 6 is coaxial with the stirring disk, and the diameter of the stirring disk 6 is larger than the diameter of the shaft. The middle of the shaft is a strip rail 5 for the extrusion collar assembly, and the upper end of the shaft is a clamping part 4. The extrusion collar 2 is a cylindrical ring with a clamping strip groove 11 on its inner circumference. The clamping strip groove 11 can be coaxially and clearance-fitted with the strip rail 5 of the extrusion collar assembly of the stirring head, enabling the stirring head 1 and the extrusion collar 2 to rotate coaxially and at the same speed or at a differential speed. A mechanical and ultrasonic vibration control device is installed at the upper end of the extrusion collar 2, enabling the extrusion collar 2 to vibrate up and down along the extrusion collar assembly. A stationary shoulder 3 is fitted around the outer circumference of the stirring head 1 and its lower end stirring disk 6, and the lower plane of the stationary shoulder 3 is flush with the lower plane of the stirring disk 6. The side wall of the stationary shoulder 3 has a single or double feed port 7. The bottom of the feed port 7 is flush with the top surface of the mixing plate 6, so that the lower surface of the packing 8 just touches the upper surface of the mixing plate 6 and is tangent to the shaft of the mixing head 1.

[0054] The mixing plate 6 has a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 5mm; there is a coaxial cylindrical boss 13 at the center of the lower end face of the mixing plate 6, the boss has a thickness of 1.5mm and a diameter of 5mm.

[0055] Three vertical guide grooves 12 are provided on the outer edge of the mixing plate 6. The vertical guide grooves 12 penetrate the mixing plate 6 and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the vertical guide grooves 12 are at 50° with the plane of the mixing plate 6.

[0056] The upper surface of the ring of the stirring plate 6 is provided with concave streamline guide grooves 9 distributed according to the position of the vertical guide groove 12. The rotation direction of the concave streamline guide grooves 9 is opposite to the rotation direction of the stirring head 1, and there are 6 concave streamline guide grooves 9.

[0057] The annular area from the outer edge of the lower surface of the mixing plate 6 to the outer edge of the root of the cylindrical boss 13 is provided with a flow divider 14 according to the distribution position of the vertical flow guide groove 12. The direction of rotation is the same as the direction of rotation of the mixing head 1. There are 6 flow dividers 14.

[0058] The extrusion collar 2 has an outer diameter of 20mm and an inner diameter of 6mm. The lower end face of the extrusion collar 2 is provided with an outwardly convex spiral line 10. The spiral line rotates in the same direction as the stirring head 1. There are 6 outwardly convex spiral lines 10.

[0059] The filler 8 is a metal wire or rod, which will be given a pre-clamping force.

[0060] The stirring head 1 is clamped to the main shaft of the friction stirrer via the clamping part 4, rotates coaxially with the main shaft, and applies a forging force of 200N between the stirring head 1 and the surface to be deposited as additive material.

[0061] A heating coil is provided on the lower end face of the inside of the extrusion collar 2.

[0062] The stationary shoulder 3 is fixed on the friction stirring device, and the stationary shoulder 3 remains stationary when the multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stirring deposition additive manufacturing device is working; a heating coil is provided around the feed port 7 of the stationary shoulder.

[0063] The geometry of the substrate to be added by the multi-stage spin-fluid stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device is not limited, and the shape of the additive structure is not limited.

[0064] On a 3mm thick 1060 aluminum plate, using 2mm diameter 1060 aluminum alloy welding wire, the deposition additive process using the aforementioned multi-stage spin-fluid stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device is as follows:

[0065] Step 1: Assemble the stirring head 1, the extrusion collar 2, and the stationary shoulder 3. The extrusion collar 2 is fitted onto the shaft of the stirring head 1, and the assembly area of ​​the extrusion collar is clamped to the clamping area. The stationary shoulder 3 surrounds the outside of the stirring head 1 and the extrusion collar 2 and is fixed to the stirring friction device. The stirring head 1 is clamped onto the stirring friction device.

[0066] Step 2: Place the stirring head 1 on the surface of the area to be added, and keep the stationary shoulder 3 in contact with the area to be added and remain stationary throughout the process;

[0067] Step 3: The stirring head 1 rotates, and at the same time the packing 8 is fed into the mixing plate 6 and the extrusion collar 2 through the stationary shoulder feed port 7 until the end of the packing 8 is tangent to the shaft of the stirring head 1;

[0068] Step 4: Under the driving force of the friction stir device, the stirring head 1 moves along a predetermined path on the surface of the area to be added, while maintaining the upsetting force between the stirring head 1 and the surface of the area to be added.

[0069] Step 5: The upper end face of the mixing plate 6 and the lower end face of the extrusion ring 2 rotate and rub against each other, causing the filler 8 to break and plasticize; as the filler 8 increases, the plasticized metal accumulates to form a plasticized zone, and the ultrasonic device and heating coil play a role in increasing the degree of metal plasticization.

[0070] Step 6: When the plasticized metal fills the space between the extrusion ring 2 and the mixing plate 6, the extrusion ring 2 applies pulse vibration extrusion downward through mechanical and ultrasonic devices. At the same time, the filler 8 is crushed and the feeding stops. Under the extrusion action, the plasticized metal migrates through the vertical guide channel 12 to the diversion channel 14 on the lower surface of the mixing plate 6.

[0071] Step 7: After one pulse extrusion ends, the extrusion ring 2 rises; thereafter, the feeding, plasticized metal accumulation, and extrusion process will be repeated. The parameters of feeding, pulse vibration extrusion, and additive speed are optimally matched based on the principle of equal volume to achieve continuous filling of plasticized metal into the lower space of the mixing pan 6.

[0072] Step 8: The plasticized metal is superplasticized by secondary stirring and friction on the lower surface of the stirring pan 6. Under the action of the upsetting force and the rotation and diversion of the diversion groove 14, the superplasticized metal is uniformly diffused and deposited on the surface of the area to be added, realizing the stacking of single-layer materials.

[0073] Step 9: Move the stirring head 1 upward and repeat the stacking of single-layer materials in the additive manufacturing zone to finally achieve the additive manufacturing of the predetermined structure.

[0074] In a multi-stage spin-compression friction deposition additive manufacturing system, the mixing disc and the extrusion ring rotate coaxially and at the same speed during deposition. The upper end face of the mixing disc and the lower end face of the extrusion ring rotate in opposite directions, breaking up the wire and achieving primary rotational frictional plasticization of the filler wire. The interplay of the flow channels not only increases the frictional breaking of the metal wire but also guides and promotes flow, helping the plasticized metal move towards the vertical flow channels. As plasticized metal accumulates in the plasticized zone, the extrusion ring pulses downward to cut the wire, while the wire feeding mechanism stops feeding. Under the pulse extrusion action, the plasticized metal migrates through the vertical flow channels into the distribution channel on the lower end face of the mixing disc. A certain extrusion pressure also generates a downward rushing flow effect, improving the grain refinement of the additive zone and strengthening the interlayer interface, avoiding defects such as incomplete bonding and weak connections between layers. The plasticized metal entering the distribution channel on the lower end face of the mixing disc undergoes secondary rotational friction superplasticization under the rotational friction of the disc. Through the distribution channel, it is ultimately uniformly diffused and deposited onto the surface of the area to be added. After one pulse extrusion, the extrusion ring rises, and the processes of feeding, plasticized metal accumulation, and extrusion are repeated to achieve continuous and stable friction-stirred additive manufacturing. In this device, the relatively thin mixing disc, combined with a certain extrusion pressure and the suction effect of the distribution channel, ensures that the vertical guide channel is not easily blocked, solving the problem of poor material deposition in the additive process. The static shoulder extrusion molding and the distribution channel design on the lower end face of the mixing disc ensure good formability in the additive process.

Claims

1. A multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing device, characterized in that, It consists of a stirring head (1), a compression collar (2), and a stationary shoulder (3); The stirring head (1) includes a clamping part (4), a strip guide rail (5) for the assembly part, a stirring plate (6), an inwardly concave streamline guide groove (9), a vertical guide groove (12), a cylindrical boss (13), and a flow divider groove (14); the extrusion collar (2) includes an outwardly convex spiral line (10) on the lower end face and a clamping strip groove (11); the stationary shoulder (3) includes a feed inlet (7); The stirring head (1) is an inverted T-shaped shaft structure. The upper part is a cylindrical shaft, the upper end of the shaft is the clamping part (4) of the stirring head, the middle part of the shaft is a strip guide rail (5), the lower part is a disc-shaped structure, which is a stirring plate (6). The outer edge of the stirring plate (6) is provided with 1-4 vertical guide grooves (12). The upper surface is provided with concave streamline guide grooves (9) according to the position of the vertical guide grooves (12). The annular area from the outer edge of the lower surface to the root of the cylindrical boss (13) is provided with a three-dimensional spiral streamlined flow channel (14) according to the position of the vertical guide grooves (12). The center of the lower end face is provided with a coaxial cylindrical boss (13). The cylindrical shaft is coaxial with the stirring plate (6). The extrusion collar (2) is a cylindrical ring with a mechanical and ultrasonic control device at the upper end. The inner circumferential wall is provided with a clamping groove (11). A heating coil is provided near the lower end face inside. The lower end face is provided with an outwardly convex spiral (10). The number of outwardly convex spirals (10) is greater than 3. The stationary shoulder (3) has a double or single feed port (7) on its side wall. The stirring head (1) is clamped to the main shaft of the stirring friction device through the clamping part (4), the extrusion collar (2) is sleeved on the shaft of the stirring head (1), and the stationary shoulder (3) surrounds the stirring head (1) and the extrusion collar (2) and is fixed on the stirring friction device. The extrusion collar (2) is clamped to the assembly section guide rail (5) through the clamping slot (11). The extrusion collar (2) and the stirring head (1) are coaxially matched to achieve the same speed and differential speed rotation of the two. The upper mechanical and ultrasonic control device of the extrusion collar (2) realizes mechanical or ultrasonic vibration extrusion; the heating coil heats the packing (8) to increase the plastic flow of metal.

2. The multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring head (1) rotates coaxially with the main shaft of the stirring friction device and applies an upsetting force between the stirring head (1) and the surface to be deposited additive through the stirring friction device; the vertical guide groove (12) passes through the stirring plate (6) and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

3. The multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stationary shoulder (3) is fixed on the friction stirring device. When the multi-stage spinning plastic flow friction stirring deposition additive manufacturing device is working, the vertical displacement of the stationary shoulder (3) is 0, and the axial direction is consistent with the additive direction and speed.

4. The multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring friction deposition additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the stirring plate (6) is 10-150mm and the thickness is 3-35mm. The diameter of the stirring plate (6) is larger than the diameter of the upper shaft. The outer diameter of the extrusion collar (2) is 10-150mm and the inner diameter is 5-50mm. The lower end plane of the stationary shoulder (3) is flush with the lower end plane of the stirring plate (6) to prevent plasticized metal from overflowing during the deposition additive process; Heating coils are provided around the feed inlet (7), and the bottom is level with the top of the mixing plate (6), so that the lower surface of the filler (8) touches the upper surface of the mixing plate (6) and is tangential to the shaft of the mixing head (1); The filler (8) is a metal wire or rod, and is given a pre-pressure of 0.1-1 MPa; The concave streamline guide groove (9) rotates in the same direction as the stirring head (1), and the number of concave streamline guide grooves (9) is greater than 3. The vertical guide channel (12) penetrates the stirring plate (6) and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the vertical guide channel (12) is at 0-90° with the plane of the stirring plate (6); The cylindrical boss (13) has a thickness ranging from 1 to 5 mm and a diameter ranging from 3 to 50 mm. The direction of rotation of the diversion channel (14) is the same as that of the stirring head (1), and the depth and width range are both 0.1-10mm. The number of diversion channels (14) is greater than 3.

5. A method for multi-stage spin-compression plastic flow stirring triboelectric deposition additive manufacturing, implemented using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The stationary shoulder (3) surrounds the outside of the stirring head (1) and the extrusion collar 2 and is fixed on the stirring friction device; the stirring head (1) is clamped onto the stirring friction device; Step 2: Place the stirring head (1) on the surface of the area to be added, and make the stationary shoulder (3) contact the area to be added; Step 3: The stirring head (1) rotates while the packing (8) is fed through the feed port (7) of the stationary shoulder; Step 4: Under the driving force of the friction stirrer, the stirring head (1) moves along a predetermined path on the surface of the area to be added; Step 5: The upper end face of the mixing disc (6) and the lower end face of the extrusion ring (2) rotate and rub against each other, causing the filler (8) to break and plasticize, forming plasticized metal; Step 6: When the plasticized metal fills the space between the extrusion ring (2) and the mixing plate (6), a pulse extrusion is applied under the extrusion ring (2), and at the same time the filler (8) is crushed and the feeding stops. The plasticized metal migrates through the vertical guide channel (12) to the flow distribution channel (14) on the lower surface of the mixing plate (6). Step 7: The extrusion collar (2) rises, and the feeding, plasticizing metal accumulation, and extrusion processes are repeated; Step 8: The plasticized metal is superplasticized by secondary stirring and friction on the lower surface of the stirring pan (6), forming superplasticized metal, which is deposited on the surface of the area to be added to achieve single-layer material stacking; Step 9: Move the stirring head (1) upward and repeat the stacking of single-layer materials in the additive manufacturing zone to finally achieve additive manufacturing of the predetermined structure.

6. The method for multi-stage spin compression plastic flow stirring triboelectric deposition additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 2, the stationary shoulder (3) remains stationary throughout the process when it comes into contact with the area to be added; In step 3, during feeding, the packing (8) is fed between the mixing plate (6) and the extrusion ring (2) until the end of the packing (8) is tangent to the shaft of the mixing head (1); In step 4, when the stirring head (1) moves, it is necessary to maintain the upsetting force between the stirring head (1) and the surface of the area to be added. In step 5, plasticized metal accumulates to form a plasticized zone; the ultrasonic device and heating coil play a role in increasing the degree of metal plasticization. In step 6, pulse vibration extrusion is achieved through mechanical and ultrasonic devices; In step 7, the optimal combination is obtained based on the principle of equal volume to achieve continuous filling of plasticized metal into the lower space of the mixing plate (6); In step 8, the superplastic metal is uniformly diffused and deposited under the action of the upsetting force and the rotating diversion groove (14).

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