Impact-triggered extension load-bearing prong

Abstract

The application discloses an impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet post, and belongs to the field of civil engineering, which comprises a fixed pin seat, a trigger switch, a base body and an extension part.The fixed pin seat is fixedly installed at the bottom of a main beam; the trigger switch is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam and is arranged in flush with the fixed pin seat; one end of the base body is rotatably installed in the fixed pin seat, and a switch hook matched with the trigger switch is fixedly installed on the other end of the base body; the extension part is further installed in the base body, and the base body can be switched from a first state to a second state; in the first state, the switch hook is connected in the trigger switch; in the second state, the switch hook is separated from the trigger switch, and the extension part in the base body is opened.The impact-triggered load-bearing ratchet post has the advantages of simple structure, simple manufacturing and installation, automatic triggering, self-adapting extension landing, maintenance-free, no construction interference, repeated use, low cost and the like, and is used for the impact-triggered load-bearing ratchet post for the cantilever beam used for cooperating with the load-bearing escape pipeline to cross the inverted arch construction section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of civil engineering technology, and particularly relates to an impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet column. Background Technology

[0002] Escape tunnel systems are crucial emergency escape and refuge facilities for construction workers in highway and railway tunnels during sudden disasters such as tunnel collapses and rockfalls. The layout of escape tunnels needs to connect the tunnel face to the secondary lining location, crossing ground depressions in the invert construction section. Traditional methods for escape tunnels crossing invert construction sections include vertical downward-horizontal-upward turns and the construction of specially built steel bridges to support the escape tunnels. The vertical downward-horizontal-upward turn method requires specially designed and installed bends for these turns. The tunnel is directly supported on the surface of the depression where the invert lining and filling will be carried out. The tunnel's bends need to be constantly adjusted as the invert lining and filling work progresses, severely interfering with the construction. Furthermore, the multiple vertical downward and upward turns create unfavorable attachment conditions for personnel crawling through the tunnel, slowing down the escape process.

[0003] A specially constructed steel bridge was built to support the escape pipeline across the ground depression. The large-span steel structure used had to bear the weight of the structure and the pipeline itself, and also had to take into account the possible collapse of the surrounding rock and the impact of falling rocks. The structure used a lot of materials, the construction was complex, and the construction was difficult. In addition, the central column was placed on the surface of the depression, and its height had to be constantly adjusted as the invert arch lining and filling were constructed, which would also seriously interfere with the construction of the invert arch lining and filling.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] An impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet, comprising:

[0008] A fixing pin seat is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam;

[0009] Trigger switch; the trigger switch is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam and flush with the fixing pin seat;

[0010] The base has one end rotatably mounted in the fixed pin seat, and the other end of the base has a switch hook fixedly mounted on its side wall to be assembled with the trigger switch.

[0011] The base is also equipped with a telescopic part, and the base can switch from a first state to a second state; in the first state, the switch hook is pinned to the trigger switch; in the second state, the switch hook is disengaged from the trigger switch, and the telescopic part in the base is opened; wherein, the base rotates in a first direction around the fixed pin seat until it abuts against the ground.

[0012] The substrate includes a sleeve;

[0013] The sleeve includes two parallel sleeve side plates, which are fixedly connected by two centrally symmetrical sleeve web plates; the telescopic part is placed inside the two sleeve web plates; the switch hook is fixedly installed on one side of one of the sleeve side plates.

[0014] One end of each of the two sleeve side plates is rotatably mounted in the fixed pin seat via a pin shaft, and the other end forms an extension block; the extension block is symmetrically provided with two pin holes for installing the telescopic part.

[0015] The telescopic part includes a pawl and a pin; the pin includes two pin side plates and a pin web plate disposed at the center of the side wall of the two pin side plates.

[0016] The ratchet side plate has ratchet teeth machined at one end near the fixed pin seat, and the ratchet teeth cooperate with the anti-return pawl; the other end of the ratchet side plate has rounded corners.

[0017] The anti-return pawl is installed inside the extension block.

[0018] The check pawl includes two pawls, which are mounted symmetrically in the two pin holes via pawl pins; one end of each pawl is fixedly connected to one end of a pawl spring, and the other end of the pawl spring is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the sleeve web; the other ends of the two pawls extend out of the extension block and engage with the ratchet teeth on both sides of the ratchet side plate.

[0019] The trigger switch includes a switch plate, a switch pin is installed on one side of the bottom of the switch plate, and one end of a switch conversion rod is rotatably installed at the end of the switch pin; one end of a switch spring is fixedly installed at the other end of the switch conversion rod, and the other end of the switch spring is fixedly installed in a circular hole opened in the switch plate; the circular hole is diagonally arranged with the switch pin; in the first state, the switch hook is placed above the switch conversion rod and abuts against the switch conversion rod.

[0020] The fixed pin seat includes two parallel pin seat side plates, which are fixedly connected by a pin seat back plate; the pin seat back plate is placed at the edge of the side wall of the pin seat side plate; a pin seat pin is also installed on the pin seat side plate; the base is installed on the pin seat side plate through the pin seat pin.

[0021] A stabilizing part is installed on the side plate of the pin seat.

[0022] The stabilizing part includes a limiting latch installed at the bottom of the pin seat side plate; the limiting latch is disposed away from the pin seat back plate; one end of the pin seat spring is also fixedly installed on the pin seat side plate, and the other end of the pin seat spring abuts against the limiting latch.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention provides an impact-triggered load-bearing ratchet column with simple structure, easy manufacturing and installation, automatic triggering, adaptive extension and grounding, maintenance-free, no construction interference, reusability, and low cost, which is used in conjunction with the cantilever beam supporting the escape pipeline crossing the invert arch construction section. It solves the defects of existing methods for escape pipelines crossing the invert arch construction section, such as the large amount of materials used, high manufacturing and installation difficulty, long construction period, large construction interference, complex use and maintenance, and high overall cost. It can be fixedly attached to the side of the main beam of the invert arch trestle bridge crossing the invert arch construction section in the tunnel through the cantilever beam. After installation and folding, it moves with the invert arch trestle bridge. After being triggered by the impact of falling soil and rocks in the tunnel collapse, it becomes a temporary load-bearing column. If its own structure is not damaged, it can be folded and triggered again in the future, which is convenient for reuse and reduces the project cost. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing spine of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pin seat structure;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger switch structure;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a ratchet structure;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-return ratchet pawl structure;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a general layout diagram of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention;

[0032] Among them, 10 is the fixed pin seat; 20 is the sleeve; 30 is the trigger switch; 40 is the ratchet; 50 is the check pawl; 101 is the pin seat side plate; 102 is the pin seat back plate; 103 is the pin seat pin shaft; 104 is the pin seat spring; 105 is the limit latch; 201 is the sleeve side plate; 202 is the sleeve web plate; 301 is the switch hook; 302 is the switch upright plate; 303 is the switch pin shaft; 304 is the switch change lever; 305 is the switch spring; 401 is the ratchet side plate; 402 is the ratchet web plate; 501 is the pawl; 502 is the pawl pin shaft; 503 is the pawl spring. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1-6 As shown, an impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet includes:

[0036] Fixed pin seat 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam;

[0037] Trigger switch 30; Trigger switch 30 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam and flush with the fixing pin seat 10;

[0038] The base has one end rotatably mounted in the fixed pin seat 10, and the other end of the base has a switch hook 301 fixedly mounted on the side wall to be assembled with the trigger switch 30.

[0039] The base is also equipped with a telescopic part, which allows the base to switch from a first state to a second state. In the first state, the switch hook 301 is pinned to the trigger switch 30. In the second state, the switch hook 301 is disengaged from the trigger switch 30, and the telescopic part inside the base is opened. The base rotates along the first direction with the fixed pin seat 10 as the center until it comes into contact with the ground.

[0040] The substrate includes the sleeve 20;

[0041] The sleeve 20 includes two parallel sleeve side plates 201, which are fixedly connected by two centrally symmetrical sleeve web plates 202; the telescopic part is placed inside the two sleeve web plates 202; and the switch hook 301 is fixedly installed on one side of a sleeve side plate 201.

[0042] One end of the two pipe side plates 201 is rotatably installed in the fixed pin seat 10 by a pin shaft, and the other end forms an extension block; two pin holes for installing the telescopic part are symmetrically opened on the extension block.

[0043] The telescopic part includes a pawl 50 and a pedestal 40; the pedestal 40 includes two pedestal side plates 401 and a pedestal web plate 402 disposed at the center of the side wall of the two pedestal side plates 401.

[0044] The ratchet side plate 401 has ratchet teeth machined at one end near the fixed pin seat 10, and the ratchet teeth cooperate with the anti-return pawl 50; the other end of the ratchet side plate 401 has rounded corners.

[0045] The pawl 50 is installed inside the extension block.

[0046] The check pawl 50 includes two pawls 501, which are mounted symmetrically in two pin holes via pawl pins 502; one end of each pawl 501 is also fixedly connected to one end of a pawl spring 503, and the other end of the pawl spring 503 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the sleeve web 202; the other ends of the two pawls 501 extend out of the extension block and engage with the ratchet teeth on both sides of the ratchet side plate 401.

[0047] The trigger switch 30 includes a switch plate 302. A switch pin 303 is installed on one side of the bottom of the switch plate 302. One end of a switch changer 304 is rotatably installed at the end of the switch pin 303. One end of a switch spring 305 is fixedly installed at the other end of the switch changer 304. The other end of the switch spring 305 is fixedly installed in a circular hole opened on the switch plate 302. The circular hole is diagonally arranged with the switch pin 303. In the first state, the switch hook 301 is placed above the switch changer 304 and abuts against the switch changer 304.

[0048] The fixed pin seat 10 includes two parallel pin seat side plates 101, which are fixedly connected by a pin seat back plate 102. The pin seat back plate 102 is located at the edge of the side wall of the pin seat side plate 101. A pin seat pin shaft 103 is also installed on the pin seat side plate 101. A base is installed on the pin seat side plate 101 through the pin seat pin shaft 103.

[0049] A stabilizing element is installed on the pin seat side plate 101.

[0050] The stabilizing part includes a limiting latch 105 installed at the bottom of the pin seat side plate 101; the limiting latch 105 is disposed away from the pin seat back plate 102; one end of the pin seat spring 104 is also fixedly installed on the pin seat side plate 101, and the other end of the pin seat spring 104 abuts against the limiting latch 105.

[0051] Example 1: As Figure 7As shown, the tunnel escape pipeline needs to cross the ground depression in the invert arch construction section in a straight and safe manner. The large size, rigidity, and strength of the main beam of the invert arch trestle bridge can be utilized to attach a cantilever beam to the side of the main beam, providing a support point for the escape pipeline to cross the depression below. When no tunnel collapse occurs, the strength, rigidity, and self-weight anti-overturning stability of the trestle bridge main beam and cantilever beam can support the weight of the attached cantilever escape and pipeline beams. In the event of a tunnel collapse or rockfall, to prevent the cantilever beam from becoming insufficiently strong and rigid under additional soil and rock impact and gravity, or the trestle bridge main beam from overturning due to excessive eccentricity caused by additional soil and rock impact and gravity, the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet of this invention is added to the outer end of the cantilever beam. This effectively assists the cantilever beam and trestle bridge main beam in bearing the load, preventing the cantilever beam from bending and collapsing and the main beam from overturning, ensuring that the escape pipeline always crosses the depression below safely and straight, providing a safe and convenient escape route for construction personnel. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention is in a horizontally folded posture close to the bottom surface of the cantilever beam and the main beam when no tunnel collapse occurs. It does not occupy the construction space of the inverted arch below and does not cause construction interference. When a tunnel collapse occurs and falling soil and rocks occur, the structure responds to the impact of the falling soil and rocks and automatically triggers a sequence of extension actions to reach a vertical ground posture and play the role of a temporary vertical load-bearing support.

[0052] Furthermore, the fixed pin seat 10 includes left and right pin seat side plates 101. The upper part of the two pin seat side plates 101 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the cantilever beam by welding or other connection methods. The rear part of the two pin seat side plates 101 is connected laterally by a pin seat back plate 102 by welding or other methods to enhance the rigidity and stability of the pin seat, and at the same time provide a limiting constraint when the sleeve 20 rotates to the vertical position. The lower part of the two pin seat side plates 101 has symmetrical pin holes on the left and right sides, and a pin seat pin shaft 103 is installed to provide a hinge for the sleeve 20. The sleeve 20 has the functions of constraint and rotation around the pin 103 to realize the unfolding and folding of the structure. Symmetrical round holes are opened at the lower right corners of the two pin side plates 101, and pin springs 104 and limit latches 105 are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides. During the transition from the first state to the second state, when the sleeve 20 rotates downwards around the pin 103 from a horizontal to a folded posture and has not yet reached a vertical posture, the pin springs 104 and limit latches 105 are pulled outwards from between the two pin side plates 101. The pin seat is hollow, and the reaction force of the symmetrical pin seat springs 104 causes the cone heads of the symmetrical limit latches 105 to press against the sleeve side plates 201 on both sides of the hinged end of the sleeve 20, making the downward rotation posture of the sleeve 20 more stable and reducing lateral sway. When the sleeve 20 rotates downward around the pin seat pin 103 and reaches the vertical posture, the rear parts of the two side plates 201 on both sides of the hinged end of the sleeve 20 abut against the pin seat back plate 102 and are limited by the pin seat back plate 102 to stop further rearward rotation. With the front edge of the sleeve side plate 201 on both sides already rotated out of the corresponding circular hole of the limiting latch 105, it no longer provides contact top pressure reaction force to the limiting latch 105. Then, under the push of the pin seat spring 104, the limiting latch 105 quickly passes through the corresponding circular hole and enters the inner space of the pin seat between the two pin seat side plates 101, limiting the front of the sleeve side plate 201 on both sides of the hinged end of the sleeve 20. At this time, the rear and front of the sleeve side plate 201 on both sides of the hinged end of the sleeve 20 are both limited, and it can stably and reliably perform the vertical load-bearing function. After the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention has been used once, the sleeve spring 104 can be manually pulled outward from the left and right sides and the limiting latch 105 can be released from the inner space of the pin seat between the two side pin seat plates 101. The limiting latch 105 can be released from the limiting of the front part of the two side sleeve plates 201 at the hinge end of the sleeve 20. Then, the sleeve 20 can be manually pushed to rotate upward around the pin seat pin shaft 103 so as to return to the horizontal folded posture.

[0053] Furthermore, the sleeve 20 includes left and right sleeve side plates 201 and front and rear symmetrical sleeve web plates 202. The sleeve web plates 202 are connected laterally to the left and right sleeve side plates 201 by welding or other means to form a closed hollow rectangular cross section, which has greater strength, rigidity and torsional stability, and provides track space for the ratchet 40 to slide inside. The two sleeve side plates 201 have pin holes at the positions where they connect with the pin seat pin shaft 103, and the corresponding end edges are machined into a semi-circular shape to facilitate the rotation of the sleeve around the pin seat pin shaft 103. The end of the two sleeve side plates 201 that needs to be fitted with a check pawl 50 is machined into an extension block. The extension block is in the shape of an enlarged horseshoe, and the horseshoe has pin holes symmetrically opened at the front and rear to facilitate the ratchet pin shaft 502 to pass through and connect to the ratchet pin shaft 502.

[0054] Furthermore, the trigger switch 30 includes a switch hook 301 fixedly attached to the web plate 202 of the sleeve by welding or other means. The switch hook 301 is pinned to the top support of the switch conversion rod 304 on the switch upright plate 302. The switch upright plate 302 is fixedly attached to the bottom surface of the main beam of the trestle bridge or the cantilever beam by welding or other means. The switch upright plate 302 has a pin hole at the lower left corner and a round hole at the upper right corner. One end of the switch conversion rod 304 has a pin hole and is connected to the pin hole at the lower left corner of the switch upright plate 302 through the switch pin shaft 303 to realize the rotational movement around the switch pin shaft 303. The other end of the switch conversion rod 304 has a round hole for the corresponding end hook of the switch spring 305 to pass through. The other end hook of the switch spring 305 passes through the round hole at the upper right corner of the switch upright plate 302. The switch spring 305 provides elastic constraint force to the switch conversion rod 304 by connecting the switch upright plate 302 and the switch conversion rod 304.

[0055] Furthermore, considering only the self-weight of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention, the switch spring 305 constrains the switch conversion rod 304 to provide a top-supporting reaction force for the switch hook 301 fixedly attached to the sleeve web 202. This force can balance the force caused by the self-weight of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure transmitted from the top-supporting contact point of the switch hook 301, and make the top of the switch hook 301 tightly contact the bottom surface of the main beam of the trestle bridge or the cantilever beam above it. When a tunnel collapse occurs and falling soil and rocks impact the structure, the main beam of the trestle bridge or the cantilever beam... The dynamic acceleration response of the bottom surface is transmitted to the entire impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure through the top of the switch hook 301 that is in close contact with it, causing additional inertial force to be added to the structure. This force, combined with the original self-overlapping force of the structure, causes the force at the top contact point of the switch hook 301 to exceed the top support reaction force formed by the switch spring 305 constraining the switch change rod 304. Then, the switch change rod 304 will rotate downward around the switch pin 303, and after passing the horizontal position, it will quickly release the switch hook 301, initiating the unfolding and elongation sequence of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure.

[0056] Furthermore, the ratchet 40 includes left and right ratchet side plates 401 and a middle ratchet web plate 402. The ratchet web plate 402 is laterally connected to the two ratchet side plates 401 by welding or other means to enhance the overall stability of the ratchet 40 under pressure. The front edge of the two ratchet side plates 401 is processed into an arc shape to facilitate the formation of local shallow pits on the irregular ground surface by the impact of the ratchet 40 sliding down, so that the ratchet 40 can obtain a relatively stable reaction point on the ground surface. The edge of the rear end of the two ratchet side plates 401 is processed into a ratchet tooth shape within a certain length range, which matches the shape of the pawl 501, so that the pawl 501 can prevent the rebound movement of the ratchet 40 after it hits the ground and effectively transmit the support reaction force of the ratchet 40.

[0057] Furthermore, the check pawl 50 includes a pawl 501, which passes through a pin hole machined at the enlarged horseshoe end of the sleeve side plate 201 via a pawl pin 502 and connects to the sleeve pin, enabling the pawl 501 to rotate around the pawl pin 502. Simultaneously, the tail of the pawl spring 503 is fixedly attached to the surface of the sleeve web 202, and the front end of the pawl spring 503 makes push contact with the rear of the pawl 501. When the ratchet 40 slides down and extends out of the sleeve 20, the rear ends of the ratchet side plates 401 on both sides of the ratchet 40... Within a certain length range, the ratchet teeth will sequentially pass over the front end of the pawl 501. Once the ratchet 40 slides down to the front end and touches the ground, the impact and rebound motion of the front end of the ratchet 40 will be prevented by the locking action of the front end of the pawl 501 on the last set of ratchet teeth. The support reaction force of the ground on the ratchet 40 is also transmitted sequentially to the sleeve 20, the fixed pin seat 10 and the cantilever beam through the pawl 501 and the corresponding locked ratchet teeth, realizing the temporary load-bearing support function of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet of the present invention.

[0058] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: After the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention unfolds and extends to perform its function as a temporary load-bearing support following a tunnel collapse disaster, if the structure is not damaged, then Figure 6The ratchet 501 of the check pawl 50, as shown, acts as a check on the ratchet teeth corresponding to the rear ends of the ratchet side plates 401 on both sides of the ratchet 40. This can be released by manually pressing the ratchet 501 and releasing the ratchet spring 503 on its back. After the check is released, the ratchet 40 can be manually retracted into the sleeve 20. When the sleeve 20 is rotated downwards and unfolded to a vertical position, it is locked in place by the pin seat back plate 102 and the limit latch 105 on the fixed pin seat 10. This can be released by manually pulling the pin seat spring 104 along with the limit latch 105 to disengage the limit latch 105 from the pin seat cavity between the pin seat side plates 101 on both sides of the fixed pin seat 10. After the lock is released, the pin seat pin 103 can be rotated upwards by manually pushing the sleeve 20 around the fixed pin seat 10. When the ratchet 40 retracts into the sleeve 20 and the sleeve 20 returns to its horizontally folded posture, the trigger switch 30, which is in the released state, can be manually closed: that is, the switch conversion rod 304, which is below the horizontal position, is manually rotated and the switch spring 305 is rotated and extended, so that it rotates upward past the horizontal position and re-engages with the top support of the switch hook 301, which is fixedly attached to the web plate 202 of the sleeve 20. This balances the force on the switch hook 301 caused by the self-weight of the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention, and makes the top surface of the switch hook 301 closely contact the bottom surface of the upper trestle main beam or cantilever beam, thereby restoring the impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet structure of the present invention to its initial horizontally folded posture.

[0059] The advantages of this invention are as follows: the ratchet 40 can retract and extend within the sleeve 20, and the sleeve 20 can rotate back and forth around the pin on the fixed pin seat 10. When the entire structure rotates to a horizontally folded position, its self-weight can be balanced by the interaction of the switch hook 301 and the trigger switch 20. After the structure is triggered by the impact of falling soil and rock loads, it rotates, unfolds, and extends to the ground. Its position can be limited by the pin seat back plate 102 and the limiting latch 15, thus achieving pressure-bearing stability. Therefore, under normal conditions without tunnel collapse, the structure is in a horizontally folded posture, close to the bottom surface of the cantilever beam and the main beam of the trestle bridge, without occupying the operating space of the construction equipment and personnel of the invert arch below, and without causing construction interference. In the event of a tunnel collapse, the structure can unfold and extend to a predetermined position, and extend to the ground length according to the actual ground height, playing the role of a stable and reliable temporary load-bearing support.

[0060] Under normal conditions without tunnel collapse, the impact trigger switch 30 can support the horizontal hook of the switch hook 301 attached to the surface of the casing web 202 through the combined force of the tension of the switch spring 305 and the reaction force of the switch conversion rod 304, thereby balancing the structural self-weight and transferring the structural self-weight to the cantilever beam and the main beam of the trestle bridge through the switch upright plate 302.

[0061] When a tunnel collapses or falling soil and rocks impact the main beam of the trestle bridge, escape tunnels, and cantilever beams, it causes sudden vertical vibrations and acceleration responses in the structure. This results in structural inertial forces and self-overlapping forces. Once the dynamic acceleration response exceeds a certain level, causing the superimposed force at the switch plate 302 to exceed the combined force of the impact-triggered switch spring 305 and the switch conversion rod 304, the switch conversion rod 304 will rotate downwards and cross the horizontal position, quickly releasing the switch hook 301. Under the action of initial velocity and its own weight acceleration, the structure will rapidly rotate downwards, unfold, and extend, reaching the vertical position and ground length, and will be positioned by the pin seat back plate 102 and the limit latch 105, thus serving as a temporary load-bearing support. The activation of the impact-triggered switch and the subsequent unfolding and extension of the structure are all automatically and sequentially realized in response to the impact of falling soil and rocks, without the need for manual activation, manual unfolding, or additional energy input.

[0062] After the structure automatically extends upon impact, the ratchet 40 slides outward from the sleeve as the sleeve rotates and unfolds. When the sleeve 20 rotates to a vertical position, the front end of the ratchet 40 immediately extends downward to touch the ground. A portion of the ratchet teeth at the rear of the ratchet 40 sequentially pass over the front end of the check pawl 50 connected to the sleeve 20. When the front end of the ratchet 40 touches the ground, the last set of ratchet teeth that passed over the front end of the check pawl 50 is locked by the front end of the check pawl 50. The bearing reaction force of the ratchet 40 as a load-bearing support is sequentially transmitted to the sleeve 20, the fixed pin seat 10, and the cantilever beam through the symmetrically arranged check pawls 50, thus serving as a temporary load-bearing support to assist the cantilever beam in bearing the load of falling soil and rocks. During the structural extension process, the ratchet extends to a suitable ground contact length and is locked by the check pawls, transmitting support pressure automatically and adaptively, requiring no manual operation or adjustment.

[0063] The actions of the impact-triggered switch release switch hook 301, structural extension, pin seat limit, check pawl 50, locking pin 40, and ratchet are all reversible. Under manual adjustment, the structure can easily fold back from its extended vertical position to a temporary load-bearing support posture and return to its initial horizontal posture before impact triggering. The structure can be reused multiple times if it is not damaged.

[0064] The structure forms an integrated vertical load-bearing system through the cantilever beam and the main beam of the arch bridge. While the strong main beam of the arch bridge provides fixed-end constraints for the cantilever beam, it also provides auxiliary temporary load-bearing supports to withstand the impact load of accidentally falling soil and rocks. This fully utilizes the functions of each part of the vertical load-bearing system, the structure is directly stressed, and the main load-bearing components such as sleeves and ratchet columns are all axially stressed. The structure has high material utilization efficiency, saves materials, and is lightweight.

[0065] All components of the structure of this invention are conventional steel components, which use less material, are lightweight, simple to manufacture, convenient and quick to install and disassemble, automatically adapt to the unfolding elongation, require less manpower, require no maintenance during normal use in tunnels without the risk of collapse, do not interfere with the construction of the invert arch, the structure can be reused multiple times, and has low cost throughout the entire life cycle.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet, characterized in that, include: Fixed pin seat (10), the fixed pin seat (10) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam; Trigger switch (30); The trigger switch (30) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam and is flush with the fixing pin seat (10); The base has one end rotatably mounted in the fixed pin seat (10), and the other end of the base has a switch hook (301) fixedly mounted on the side wall to be assembled with the trigger switch (30); The base is also equipped with a telescopic part, and the base can switch from a first state to a second state; in the first state, the switch hook (301) is pinned to the trigger switch (30); in the second state, the switch hook (301) is disengaged from the trigger switch (30), and the telescopic part in the base is opened; wherein, the base rotates along the first direction with the fixed pin seat (10) as the center until it abuts against the ground; The trigger switch (30) includes a switch plate (302), a switch pin (303) is installed on one side of the bottom of the switch plate (302), and one end of a switch conversion rod (304) is rotatably installed at the end of the switch pin (303); one end of a switch spring (305) is fixedly installed at the other end of the switch conversion rod (304), and the other end of the switch spring (305) is fixedly installed in a circular hole opened on the switch plate (302); the circular hole is diagonally arranged with the switch pin (303); in the first state, the switch hook (301) is placed above the switch conversion rod (304) and abuts against the switch conversion rod (304); When a tunnel collapses and falling soil and rocks impact the main beam of the trestle bridge, the escape pipe and the cantilever beam, once the dynamic acceleration response exceeds a certain level, causing the superimposed force effect at the switch plate (302) to exceed the combined force of the impact triggering the switch spring (305) and the switch conversion rod (304), the switch conversion rod (304) will rotate downward and pass the horizontal position, quickly releasing the switch hook (301).

2. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate includes a sleeve (20); The sleeve (20) includes two parallel sleeve side plates (201), which are fixedly connected by two centrally symmetrical sleeve web plates (202); the telescopic part is placed inside the two sleeve web plates (202); the switch hook (301) is fixedly installed on one side of one of the sleeve side plates (201). One end of each of the two sleeve side plates (201) is rotatably mounted in the fixed pin seat (10) by a pin shaft, and the other end is formed with an extension block; the extension block is symmetrically provided with two pin holes for installing the telescopic part.

3. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic part includes a pawl (50) and a pin (40); the pin (40) includes two pin side plates (401) and a pin web plate (402) disposed at the center of the side wall of the two pin side plates (401); The ratchet side plate (401) has ratchet teeth machined at one end near the fixed pin seat (10), and the ratchet teeth cooperate with the anti-return pawl (50); the other end of the ratchet side plate (401) has rounded corners. The anti-return pawl (50) is installed inside the extension block.

4. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet according to claim 3, characterized in that: The check pawl (50) includes two pawls (501), which are mounted symmetrically in the two pin holes via pawl pins (502); one end of each pawl (501) is fixedly connected to one end of a pawl spring (503), and the other end of the pawl spring (503) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the sleeve web (202); the other ends of the two pawls (501) extend out of the extension block and engage with the ratchet teeth on both sides of the ratchet side plate (401).

5. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed pin seat (10) includes two parallel pin seat side plates (101), which are fixedly connected by a pin seat back plate (102); the pin seat back plate (102) is located at the edge of the side wall of the pin seat side plate (101); a pin seat pin shaft (103) is also installed on the pin seat side plate (101); the base is installed on the pin seat side plate (101) through the pin seat pin shaft (103); A stabilizing part is installed on the pin seat side plate (101).

6. The impact-triggered extension load-bearing ratchet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stabilizing part includes a limiting latch (105) installed at the bottom of the pin seat side plate (101); the limiting latch (105) is disposed away from the pin seat back plate (102); one end of the pin seat spring (104) is also fixedly installed on the pin seat side plate (101), and the other end of the pin seat spring (104) abuts against the limiting latch (105).

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