Adjustable Rydberg atom probe based on cavity enhancement technology and operation method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses an adjustable Rydberg atom probe based on cavity enhancement technology, including an adjustable microwave resonant cavity, a broadband antenna and a conventional atomic gas chamber, wherein the adjustable microwave resonant cavity includes a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, and the resonant structure includes a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure. Electromagnetic signals are received by the broadband antenna and fed into the microwave resonant cavity. The first and second resonant structures are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, and the first and second resonant structures are controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the mobile signal to adjust the relative distance. The change in relative distance corresponds to the change in the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity, thereby realizing the electric field measurement of the electric field atomic probe within a wide frequency band. The present application can enhance the electric field strength in the area where the Rydberg atom probe interacts with the laser, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the Rydberg atomic electric field probe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave electric field measurement technology, and more specifically, to an adjustable Rydberg atom probe based on cavity enhancement technology and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, traditional electromagnetic signal receiving methods cannot break through the limitation of thermal noise power, making it difficult to extract weak signals from noise. Faced with the limitations of traditional microwave measurement technology, establishing a new generation of high-precision quantum measurement technology is a hot issue of international concern. Since the transition frequency of Rydberg atoms covers the microwave frequency band (300 MHz-300 GHz) and has the characteristics of large transition dipole moment, it is very sensitive to electric field changes, making it one of the important atomic systems for microwave quantum precision measurement and sensing. In recent years, receivers based on Rydberg atoms have been able to break through the limitations of resistor thermal noise and have developed into an emerging technology. In the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system, using the standard EIT-AT technology tradition, there are usually two ways to increase the minimum detectable electric field. The first is to use superheterodyne technology, and the second is to place the atomic gas chamber in a resonant structure. However, for weak electric field detection in wireless communication systems, both the superheterodyne technology and the existing electric field enhancement structure have certain defects, which are difficult to meet the application needs in the actual communication field. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a frequency-adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on cavity enhancement technology and an operation method thereof, so as to improve the application needs in the actual communication field.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a frequency-adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on cavity enhancement technology, the electric field probe comprising:

[0005] An adjustable microwave resonant cavity, comprising a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, wherein the resonant structure is arranged inside the microwave resonant cavity, the resonant structure comprises a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure, one side and the other side of the first resonant structure and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure are respectively electrically connected to the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity, the shape of the microwave resonant cavity is a cylinder or a cuboid, wherein the shape of the microwave resonant cavity is selected in one of a plurality of oscillation modes according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity to enhance the electric field intensity in the interaction region between Rydberg atoms and lasers, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field probe;

[0006] A broadband antenna is connected to the adjustable microwave resonant cavity in an embedded manner, receives electromagnetic signals and feeds them into the microwave resonant cavity;

[0007] A conventional atomic gas chamber is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity. The electric field distribution of the conventional atomic gas chamber is changed according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity. The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance. The first resonant structure or the second resonant structure is controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the mobile signal to adjust the relative distance, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity, so as to enable the electric field probe to perform microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band.

[0008] In one embodiment, the electric field probe further comprises:

[0009] A stepper motor is connected to the first resonant structure, the track or the second resonant structure. The communication circuit of the stepper motor receives a control signal sent by an electronic device wirelessly or by wire, and converts the control signal including a first frequency modulation instruction into the movement signal through a first conversion circuit of the communication circuit of the stepper motor. The stepper motor obtains the adjustable resonant frequency of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity according to the relative distance adjusted by dynamic control according to the movement signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, the microwave resonant cavity is made of a first metal material, and the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are made of a second metal material; the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and electrical conductivity of the first metal material type and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and electrical conductivity of the second metal material type are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency.

[0011] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper stack, an upper metal patch, a middle stack, a middle metal patch, a lower stack, and a lower metal patch;

[0012] The upper metal patch and the middle metal patch are antenna radiation structures, and the lower metal patch is an antenna ground plane;

[0013] The upper layer stack is arranged above the upper metal patch, the middle layer stack is arranged between the upper metal patch and the middle metal patch, the lower layer stack is arranged between the middle metal patch and the lower metal patch, and the gap at a specific position of the antenna ground plane is used to receive the electromagnetic signal and feed it into the lower layer stack.

[0014] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna is an embedded antenna.

[0015] The embedded antenna is connected to the microwave resonant cavity in an embedded manner and receives the electromagnetic signal;

[0016] After receiving the electromagnetic signal, the broadband antenna receives directional electromagnetic waves or omnidirectional electromagnetic waves based on the antenna polarization direction on the surface of the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity, which is applied in radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication and navigation related fields.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides an operation method, which is applicable to a frequency-adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on cavity enhancement technology, wherein the electric field probe comprises an adjustable microwave resonant cavity, a broadband antenna and a conventional atomic gas chamber, wherein the adjustable microwave resonant cavity comprises a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, wherein the resonant structure is arranged inside the microwave resonant cavity, wherein the resonant structure comprises a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure, wherein one side and the other side of the first resonant structure and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure are respectively electrically contacted and connected with the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity, wherein the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure is provided with the broadband antenna, wherein the microwave resonant cavity is in the shape of a cylinder or a cuboid, wherein the conventional atomic gas chamber is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, wherein the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, wherein the operation method comprises:

[0018] The broadband antenna receives the electromagnetic signal and feeds it into the microwave resonant cavity;

[0019] The shape of the microwave resonant cavity is selected to change the electric field distribution of the conventional atomic gas chamber in one of a plurality of oscillation modes according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, thereby enhancing the electric field intensity in the region where the Rydberg atoms interact with the laser, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field probe;

[0020] Perform microwave electric field measurement by using the electric field probe;

[0021] The electric field probe is used to perform microwave measurement, and the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure is controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the mobile signal to adjust the relative distance, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, so that the electric field probe can perform microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band.

[0022] In one embodiment, the electric field probe further comprises a stepper motor, the stepper motor is connected to the first resonant structure, the track or the second resonant structure, and the operation method comprises:

[0023] The communication circuit of the stepper motor receives a control signal sent by an electronic device wirelessly or by wire;

[0024] The control signal including the first frequency modulation instruction is converted into the movement signal by a first conversion circuit of the communication circuit of the stepping motor;

[0025] The stepping motor dynamically adjusts the adjusted relative distance according to the movement signal to obtain the adjustable resonant frequency of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity.

[0026] In one embodiment, the microwave resonant cavity is made of a first metal material, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are made of a second metal material, and the operation method includes:

[0027] The data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the first type of metallic material and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the second type of metallic material are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency.

[0028] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper stack, an upper metal patch, an intermediate stack, an intermediate metal patch, a lower stack and a lower metal patch; the upper metal patch and the intermediate metal patch are antenna radiation structures, and the lower metal patch is an antenna ground plane; the upper stack is arranged above the upper metal patch, the intermediate stack is arranged between the upper metal patch and the intermediate metal patch, and the lower stack is arranged between the intermediate metal patch and the lower metal patch, and the operation method includes:

[0029] The electromagnetic signal is received by the slots at specific positions of the antenna ground plane and fed into the lower stack layer.

[0030] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna is an embedded antenna, and the embedded antenna is connected to the frequency-adjustable resonant cavity in an embedded manner. The operation method includes:

[0031] receiving the electromagnetic signal by the embedded antenna;

[0032] After receiving the electromagnetic signal, the broadband antenna receives directional electromagnetic waves or omnidirectional electromagnetic waves based on the antenna polarization direction on the surface of the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity, which is applied in radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication and navigation related fields.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present application proposes an adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on enhancement technology, including an adjustable microwave resonant cavity, a broadband antenna and a conventional atomic gas chamber, wherein the adjustable microwave resonant cavity includes a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, and the resonant structure includes a first and a second resonant structure. The broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals and feeds them into the microwave resonant cavity. The first and second resonant structures are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, and the first and second resonant structures are controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the mobile signal to adjust the relative distance, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, and realizing the microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band by the electric field probe. The present application can enhance the electric field strength of the region where the adjustable Rydberg atomic probe interacts with the laser, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field atomic probe. In addition, by combining the conventional atomic gas chamber and the microwave resonant cavity, the electric field distribution incident on the inside of the conventional atomic gas chamber is changed, and the electric field strength of the region where the Rydberg atom interacts with the laser can be enhanced, which has a very broad application prospect in microwave communication fields such as radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication navigation.

[0034] These and other aspects of the present application will become more clearly understood in the description of the following embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on enhancement technology of the present application is shown;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the electric field distribution of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology of the present application is shown;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the distance the tuning structure of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology of the present application is pushed into the cavity and the resonance frequency of the cavity;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a broadband antenna of an adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on enhancement technology of the present application is shown;

[0040] Figure 5 The flowchart of the method of the present application showing the operation method of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the technical personnel in the technical field better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0042] Generally speaking, the standard EIT (Electrical impedance tomography) - AT (Autler-Townes, AT) technology based on Rydberg atoms uses a conventional atomic gas chamber as one of the components of the electric field probe to achieve accurate measurement of electric field strength as low as mV / m. However, for weak electric fields, since AT splitting involves multiple electronic states and the interaction between them, it is a high-order nonlinear phenomenon of the interaction between strong lasers and matter. With the development of experimental technology and theoretical simulation methods for the interaction between strong lasers and matter, the control of AT splitting characteristics is essentially the regulation of the excitation, oscillation and ionization process of electrons in the laser field. Effectively controlling AT splitting characteristics with lasers is still a problem to be solved. This application has tried to develop a more reasonable and applicable theoretical model to analyze the regulation mechanism of the splitting channel through multiple experiments, and enhance the resonant frequency obtained by effectively and accurately controlling or adjusting the electric field strength in the area where Rydberg atoms interact with lasers.

[0043] Please also see Figure 1-4 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on enhancement technology of the present application is shown, Figure 2 The figure shows the electric field distribution simulation result of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology of the present application. Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the distance of the tuning structure of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology of the present application being pushed into the cavity and the cavity resonance frequency, Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the broadband antenna of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the enhancement technology of the present application is shown.

[0044] Figure 1 In the present application, an adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe (hereinafter referred to as "electric field probe") 100 based on enhancement technology is proposed, including an adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110, a broadband antenna 200 (also called "coupled broadband antenna", Figure 1 Not shown, Figure 4The structure diagram is shown), a conventional atomic gas chamber 102 and a stepper motor 120. The adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 includes a microwave resonant cavity 101 and a resonant structure 103. The conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 to collect the electromagnetic signal fed into the broadband antenna 200. The conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is filled with rubidium (Rubidium, Rb) vapor or cesium (Cesium, Cs) vapor. The material of the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is high borosilicate glass, quartz glass or other light-transmitting materials, which can provide a vacuum environment for rubidium / cesium atomic vapor. The resonant structure 103 includes a first resonant structure 1031 and a second resonant structure 1032. For example, the microwave resonant cavity 101 is a metal material, and various metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminum can be selected. The surface smoothness and conductivity of the metal material have different effects on the cavity performance, and the characteristic parameters of various metal materials, namely the surface smoothness and conductivity of the metal material, will affect the data value of the resonant frequency. The tuning structure 103 is made of metal material, and various metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminum can be selected. The present application is not limited by the types of metal materials of the microwave resonant cavity 101 and the tuning structure 103. In other words, the microwave resonant cavity 101 is a first metal material (such as various metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminum), and the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 are second metal materials (such as various metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminum). The data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the first metal material and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the second metal material are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency, that is, the conductivity can be compared to resistance. The greater the conductivity, the greater the current, and the electric field that affects the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is relatively large. The smaller the conductivity, the smaller the current, and the electric field that affects the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is relatively small.

[0045] In one embodiment, the resonant structure 103 is disposed inside the microwave resonant cavity 101. Specifically, the shape of the tuning structure 103 can be a regular circle or square (preferably, a square metal plate is used in this embodiment). The tuning structure 103 can also be an irregular metal plate. For example, the microwave resonant cavity 101 is usually composed of a transmission line segment or a hollow waveguide with two ends short-circuited or two ends open-circuited, and the electromagnetic wave is distributed as a standing wave on it, that is, the electromagnetic energy cannot be transmitted and can only oscillate back and forth. Preferably, the shape of the tuning structure 103 is a square. The stepper motor 120 is connected or disposed on the first resonant structure 1031, the track 104 or the second resonant structure 1032 to control the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032. One side and the other side of the first resonant structure 1031 and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure 1032 are respectively electrically connected to the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity 101. In other words, one side and the corresponding other side of the first resonant structure 1031 are respectively electrically connected to the top and the bottom 101 of the microwave resonant cavity, and one side and the corresponding other side of the second resonant structure 1032 are respectively electrically connected to the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity 101.

[0046] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and 4In the embodiment, the broadband antenna 200 is connected to the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 in an embedded manner to receive electromagnetic signals and feed them into the microwave resonant cavity 101. In other embodiments, the first resonant structure 1031 or the second resonant structure 1032 is provided with (coupled with) a broadband antenna 200 (for example, an embedded antenna or a planar antenna) to receive electromagnetic signals and feed them into the microwave resonant cavity 101. The broadband antenna 200 (for example, a directional antenna) can be connected to the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 in an external manner. In addition, the atom probe 100 can be connected to an automated robotic arm device (not shown). In addition, the broadband antenna 200 can also be attached or embedded in the resonant structure 103 in a planar manner. According to the different actual applications in microwave communication fields such as radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication navigation, the type or position of the broadband antenna 200 is automatically adjusted by the automated robotic arm device (for example, embedded connection, direct connection, or indirect connection to the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 through a wire, or attached or embedded in the resonant structure 103 in a planar manner). The broadband antenna 200 includes an upper stack 211, an upper metal patch 201, an intermediate stack 212, an intermediate metal patch 202, a lower stack 213 and a lower metal patch 203 from top to bottom. The upper metal patch 201 and the intermediate metal patch 202 are antenna radiation structures, which can be divided into at least two-way antenna radiation structures or three-way antenna radiation structures according to bandwidth distribution. The lower metal patch 203 is an antenna ground plane to receive electromagnetic signals. Among them, an upper stack 211 is provided above the upper metal patch 201, an intermediate stack 212 is provided between the upper metal patch 201 and the intermediate metal patch 202, a lower stack 213 is provided between the intermediate metal patch 202 and the lower metal patch 203, and a gap at a specific position of the antenna ground plane (for example, the middle position of the antenna ground plane to increase the stability of the received electromagnetic signal) is used to receive electromagnetic signals and feed into the lower stack 213. For example, the receiving antenna receives external wireless electromagnetic signals and feeds them into the microwave resonant cavity 101. The coupled broadband antenna 200 can be an independent antenna, which feeds the electromagnetic signal into the microwave resonant cavity 101 through a feeder line. The coupled broadband antenna 200 can be an embedded antenna, which is embedded in the resonant structure 103. When using the coupled broadband antenna 200, the antenna type and size selection are more flexible and suitable for various application scenarios. The coupled broadband antenna 200 can be a broadband antenna and a narrowband antenna. The frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity 101 combined with the coupled broadband antenna 200 can make the electromagnetic signal feeding more efficient.

[0047] In one embodiment, the shape of the microwave resonant cavity 101 is a cylinder or a cuboid, wherein the shape of the microwave resonant cavity 101 selects one of a plurality of oscillation modes (such as TE mode, TM mode and TEM mode) to perform microwave electric field measurement on the electromagnetic signal within a wide bandwidth according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110. The conventional atomic gas chamber 102 changes the electric field distribution of the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110, and the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 to form a relative distance, wherein the stepper motor 120 (which may be called a "motor") may be arranged on the track 104 (not shown) to more accurately control the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 to adjust the desired resonant frequency. Please also see Figure 2 and Figure 3 When the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 is 11.5 millimeters (mm), the resonant frequency is 6.560 GHz; when the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 is 10.5 millimeters (mm), the resonant frequency is 7.020 GHz; when the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 is 9.5 millimeters (mm), the resonant frequency is 7.640 GHz; when the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 is 8.5 millimeters (mm), the resonant frequency is 8.450 GHz.

[0048] It should be noted that the first and second resonant structures 1031 and 1032 control the first resonant structure 1031 or the second resonant structure 1032 to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track 104 according to the movement signal (sent by the stepping motor 120 to the track 104, the first resonant structure 1031 or the second resonant structure 1032) to adjust the relative distance. The electric field atom probe 100 obtains the adjustable resonant frequency (8.450 GHz-6.560 GHz in the above-mentioned) obtained by the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 in the microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band according to the adjusted relative distance (8.5 mm-11.5 mm in the above-mentioned). Figure 2-3 The resonant frequency value of may be relatively different due to the slight movement of the stepper motor 120 (the slight distance difference between 8.5 mm-11 mm and 8 mm-11 mm). Figure 2Some slight errors in the acceptable resonant frequency range were found). The communication circuit 121 of the stepper motor 120 receives a control signal sent by an electronic device (such as a smart phone, tablet computer, notebook or desktop computer) wirelessly or wired, and converts the control signal including a first frequency modulation instruction (for example, used for radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication navigation) into a mobile signal through a first conversion circuit (not shown) of the communication circuit 121 of the stepper motor 120. For example, the communication circuit 121 (model such as RS232, MAX3232, SP232 or UM3232EESE) includes a first conversion circuit (model such as MoS2 rectifier), and the first conversion circuit is used to convert the first frequency modulation instruction in the control signal into a mobile signal and then further transmit it back to the communication circuit 121. The stepper motor 120 obtains an adjustable resonant frequency in the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 by dynamically adjusting or controlling the adjusted relative distance according to the mobile signal. In other words, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The experimental data only spiritually or schematically represent the adjustable resonant frequency (8.450 GHz-6.560 GHz) that can be obtained by the electric field probe 100 proposed in this embodiment for microwave electric field measurement at a relative distance (8.5 mm-11.5 mm) between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032. Preferably, the tuning structure 103 of this embodiment uses a square metal plate for frequency tuning, and a metal plate (i.e., the resonant structure 103) is inserted into the adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110. The metal plate maintains electrical contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the microwave resonant cavity 101. When the two metal plates are simultaneously advanced or retreated along a fixed trajectory, the electric field sensitive area is stably maintained and concentrated inside the conventional atomic gas chamber 102, such as Figure 2 As shown. As the square metal plate is pushed into the microwave resonant cavity 101, the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity 101 gradually decreases. When the metal plate is pushed 3 mm (millimeter), the resonant frequency changes from 8.45 GHz to 6.56 GHz. In practice, under the premise that the stepper motor 120 can accurately control the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 through the track 104, the electric field atom probe 100 can measure the microwave electric field at a relative distance (8.5 mm-11.5 mm) to achieve an adjustable resonant frequency (8.450 GHz-6.560 GHz as mentioned above). It can also be extended to the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 from micrometers to hundreds of millimeters, and the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency can be accurately controlled in the range of hundreds of GHz to below 1 GHz (for example, 300 MHz).

[0049] In general, the present application proposes a novel adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe 100 based on cavity enhancement technology, including an adjustable frequency microwave resonant cavity 110, a conventional atomic gas chamber 102 and a broadband antenna 200. By combining the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 and the microwave resonant cavity 101, the electric field distribution incident to the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 is changed, and the electric field strength in the region where the Rydberg atoms interact with the laser can be enhanced. By precisely controlling or adjusting the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field atomic probe are improved. In other words, the coupled broadband antenna 200 receives electromagnetic signals through the lower metal patch 203, and the LC circuit of the second conversion circuit (e.g., MoS2 rectifier, not shown) of the coupled broadband antenna 200 converts the electromagnetic signal including the second frequency modulation instruction into an electrical signal including a time-varying current through an electromagnetic oscillation mechanism. In essence, the broadband antenna 200 can be divided into several element ends such as the upper stack 211, the upper metal patch 201, the middle stack 212, the middle metal patch 202, the lower stack 213 and the lower metal patch 203. Through the linear characteristics of the Maxwell equation, the electromagnetic field of the entire coupled broadband antenna 200 can be equal to the superposition of the electromagnetic fields of all element segments. Based on the polarization direction of the antenna on the surface of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110, directional electromagnetic waves or omnidirectional electromagnetic waves can be received, which has very broad application prospects in various microwave communication fields such as radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication navigation. For example, when the frequency of the electrical signal including the time-varying current (e.g., 60 Hz) is low, its corresponding wavelength (e.g., 6*10 6 The length of the second conversion circuit (e.g., at least the length of the second conversion circuit including the LC loop) in the coupled broadband antenna 200 is much larger than that in the coupled broadband antenna 200, and can be regarded as a quasi-stable circuit with diverse practical value, which effectively reduces the volume of the overall electric field probe 100 and facilitates experimental operation. In addition, electromagnetic simulation technology is used to optimize the antenna dimensions, such as slot length, slot width, patch size, and dielectric block, to improve the antenna feed matching near-field beam pattern, and the initial estimate of each patch size is based on achieving resonance at either end of the desired operating frequency band.

[0050] In one embodiment, the coupled broadband antenna 200 is an embedded antenna, which is connected to the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity 110 in an embedded manner (or a planar antenna connected in an attached manner) and receives electromagnetic signals. The first resonant structure 1031 or the second resonant structure 1032 receives electromagnetic signals, and the electromagnetic signal (which can be derived from the Maxwell formula (i.e., the "Maxwell equations") includes a matrix function composed of multiple ejwt variable factors (frequency time-complex function) to represent the actual application of each microwave parameter) is a second frequency modulation instruction (for example, it can be applied to radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication navigation). The Maxwell equations can reflect the change of the electric field and magnetic field given by the charge density and current density of the field source with the law of time and frequency. The Maxwell equations are the evolution motion equations of the electromagnetic field, which reflect the evolution equations of charged particles and are used to reflect the effect of the electromagnetic field on the charged particle flow. From the perspective of the electromagnetic wave field, many wave processes that represent the propagation at the speed of light are through "electromagnetic waves". The broadband antenna 200 includes a second conversion circuit (e.g., a MoS2 rectifier, not shown), which is used to convert the electromagnetic signal including the second frequency modulation instruction into an electrical signal. The coupled broadband antenna 200 sends the electrical signal to the communication circuit 121 of the stepper motor 120 in a wireless or wired manner, and the stepper motor 120 converts the electrical signal into the next control signal through a processing circuit 122 (e.g., a processor CPU, which can execute various functional applications and data processing by running software programs and modules stored in the memory of the communication circuit 121, for example, the memory can store various types of information, and the processor can process various types of data) which is electrically connected to the communication circuit 121. In other words, the communication circuit 121 is electrically connected to the processing circuit 122. The processing circuit 122 (for example, a microcontroller of the STM32 series) of the stepper motor 120 generates a next movement signal according to the next control signal, and the stepper motor 120 sends the next movement signal to the first resonant structure 1031, the track 104 or the second resonant structure 1032 to dynamically control the adjusted relative distance, and the microwave electric field measurement device (not shown) outside the atom probe 100 reacquires the next adjustable resonant frequency in the conventional atomic gas chamber 102. In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a novel adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe 100 based on cavity enhancement technology, which changes the electric field distribution incident on the inside of the conventional atomic gas chamber 102 through the combination of the conventional atomic gas chamber 102, the broadband antenna 200 and the microwave resonant cavity 101, enhances the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom and the laser interaction region, and improves the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field atom probe 100. The sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field probe 100 are improved by dynamically and precisely controlling the relative distance between the first resonant structure 1031 and the second resonant structure 1032 through the stepper motor 120.

[0051] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5The method flow chart of the operation method of the adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the cavity enhancement technology of the present application is shown. An operation method, the operation method is applicable to the adjustable frequency Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on the cavity enhancement technology, the electric field probe includes an adjustable microwave resonant cavity, a broadband antenna and a conventional atomic gas chamber, the adjustable microwave resonant cavity includes a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, the resonant structure is arranged inside the microwave resonant cavity, the resonant structure includes a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure, one side and the other side of the first resonant structure and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure are respectively connected to the top and bottom of the microwave resonant cavity in electrical contact, the shape of the microwave resonant cavity is a cylinder or a cuboid, the conventional atomic gas chamber is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, the operation method includes:

[0052] S510, receiving an electromagnetic signal by the (coupled) broadband antenna and feeding the electromagnetic signal into the microwave resonant cavity;

[0053] S520, the shape of the microwave resonant cavity is selected to change the electric field distribution of the conventional atomic gas chamber in one of the multiple oscillation modes (TE mode, TM mode and TEM mode) according to the corresponding resonant cavity oscillation mode and / or electromagnetic field distribution mode inside the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, so as to enhance the electric field intensity in the region where the Rydberg atoms interact with the laser, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field probe, and performing microwave electric field measurement on the electromagnetic signal within a wide frequency band;

[0054] S530, performing microwave electric field measurement by using the electric field probe;

[0055] S540, according to the movement signal (sent by the stepper motor), the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure is controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track to adjust the relative distance, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, and enabling the electric field probe to perform microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band. Figure 5 For instructions, see Figure 1-4 The explanation content will not be repeated here.

[0056] In one embodiment, the electric field probe further comprises a stepper motor, the stepper motor is connected to the first resonant structure, the track or the second resonant structure, and the operation method comprises:

[0057] The communication circuit of the stepper motor receives a control signal sent by an electronic device (such as a smart phone, tablet computer, notebook or desktop computer) wirelessly or by wire;

[0058] The control signal including the first frequency modulation instruction is converted into the movement signal by a first conversion circuit of the communication circuit of the stepping motor;

[0059] The stepping motor dynamically adjusts the adjusted relative distance according to the movement signal to obtain the resonant frequency of the adjustable resonant cavity.

[0060] In one embodiment, the microwave resonant cavity is made of a first metal material (such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, etc.), the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are made of a second metal material (such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, etc.), and the operation method includes:

[0061] The data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the first type of metallic material and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the second type of metallic material are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency.

[0062] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper stack, an upper metal patch, an intermediate stack, an intermediate metal patch, a lower stack and a lower metal patch; the upper metal patch and the intermediate metal patch are antenna radiation structures, and the lower metal patch is an antenna ground plane; the upper stack is arranged above the upper metal patch, the intermediate stack is arranged between the upper metal patch and the intermediate metal patch, and the lower stack is arranged between the intermediate metal patch and the lower metal patch, and the operation method includes:

[0063] The electromagnetic signal is received by a slot at a specific position (eg, a middle position) of the antenna ground plane and fed into the lower stack layer.

[0064] In one embodiment, the broadband antenna is an embedded antenna, the embedded antenna is connected to the frequency-adjustable microwave resonant cavity in an embedded manner, the broadband antenna includes a second conversion circuit, and the operation method includes:

[0065] The embedded antenna receives the electromagnetic signal, wherein the electromagnetic signal includes a second frequency modulation instruction;

[0066] The second conversion circuit converts the electromagnetic signal including the second frequency modulation instruction into an electrical signal;

[0067] The broadband antenna sends the electrical signal to the communication circuit of the stepper motor, and the stepper motor converts the electrical signal into a next control signal through a processing circuit electrically connected to the communication circuit;

[0068] The processing circuit of the stepping motor generates a next movement signal according to the next control signal, and the stepping motor sends the next movement signal to the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure to dynamically control the adjusted relative distance;

[0069] The microwave electric field measuring device is used to re-obtain the next adjustable resonant frequency in the conventional atomic gas chamber. Figure 1-4 The relevant explanation content will not be repeated here.

[0070] In several embodiments provided in the present application, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the modules or circuits shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms. In addition, each functional module or circuit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in a processing module or circuit block, or each module or circuit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules or circuits may be integrated in one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules or circuits may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules.

[0071] The embodiment of the present application provides an atom probe 100, including a processor (which can be regarded as a processing circuit 122) and a memory (such as FLASH, not shown in the figure), wherein the memory stores a computer program on the memory and can be run on the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the control or operation method provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here. It can be understood that the memory can be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store application programs required for the operating system function, etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the device, etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices. Accordingly, the memory can also include a memory controller to provide the processor with access to the memory.

[0072] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is executed by a processor to implement the various processes of the above control or operation method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium, such as read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this article, the term "includes", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element. Through the description of the above implementation mode, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment method can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation mode. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, disk, CD), including several instructions to enable a terminal (which can be an electronic device such as an intelligent gateway, a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0074] The various embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on cavity enhancement technology, characterized in that: The electric field probe comprises: An adjustable microwave resonant cavity comprises a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, wherein the resonant structure is arranged inside the microwave resonant cavity, the resonant structure comprises a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure, one side and the other side of the first resonant structure and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure are respectively electrically connected to the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity; the microwave resonant cavity is in the shape of a cylinder, the resonant cavity oscillation mode of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity selects a TM mode, and microwave electric field measurement is performed on electromagnetic signals within a wide frequency band; A broadband antenna is connected to the adjustable microwave resonant cavity in an embedded manner, receives electromagnetic signals and feeds them into the microwave resonant cavity; A conventional atomic gas chamber is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, and the relative distance is adjusted by controlling the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the movement signal, and the relative distance change corresponds to the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity, so that the electric field probe can perform microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band; The broadband antenna comprises, from top to bottom, an upper stack, an upper metal patch, a middle stack, a middle metal patch, a lower stack and a lower metal patch; The upper metal patch and the middle metal patch are antenna radiation structures, and the lower metal patch is an antenna ground plane; The upper layer stack is arranged above the upper metal patch, the middle layer stack is arranged between the upper metal patch and the middle metal patch, the lower layer stack is arranged between the middle metal patch and the lower metal patch, and the gap in the middle position of the antenna ground plane is used to receive the electromagnetic signal and feed it into the lower layer stack; The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure use square metal plates for frequency tuning. The metal plates are inserted into the adjustable microwave resonant cavity. The metal plates maintain electrical contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the microwave resonant cavity. When the two metal plates advance or retreat along a fixed trajectory at the same time, the electric field sensitive area remains stably concentrated inside the conventional atomic gas chamber, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the Rydberg atomic electric field probe. The broadband antenna is an embedded antenna, which is connected to the adjustable resonant cavity in an embedded manner and receives the electromagnetic signal. After receiving the electromagnetic signal, the broadband antenna receives directional electromagnetic waves or omnidirectional electromagnetic waves based on the antenna polarization direction on the surface of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, and is applied in radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication and navigation related fields.

2. The electric field probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field probe also includes: A stepper motor is connected to the first resonant structure, the track or the second resonant structure. The communication circuit of the stepper motor receives a control signal sent by an electronic device wirelessly or by wire, and converts the control signal including a first frequency modulation instruction into the movement signal through a first conversion circuit of the communication circuit of the stepper motor. The stepper motor obtains the adjustable resonant frequency of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity by dynamically controlling the adjusted relative distance according to the movement signal.

3. The electric field probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave resonant cavity is made of a first metal material, and the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are made of a second metal material; the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and electrical conductivity of the first metal material type and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and electrical conductivity of the second metal material type are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency.

4. An operation method, characterized in that: The operation method is applicable to a frequency-adjustable Rydberg atomic electric field probe based on cavity enhancement technology, wherein the electric field probe comprises an adjustable microwave resonant cavity, a broadband antenna and a conventional atomic gas chamber, wherein the adjustable microwave resonant cavity comprises a microwave resonant cavity and a resonant structure, wherein the resonant structure is arranged inside the microwave resonant cavity, wherein the resonant structure comprises a first resonant structure and a second resonant structure, wherein one side and the other side of the first resonant structure and one side and the other side of the second resonant structure are respectively electrically contacted and connected with the top and the bottom of the microwave resonant cavity, wherein the microwave resonant cavity is in the shape of a cylinder, wherein the conventional atomic gas chamber is arranged in the inner central area of ​​the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, wherein the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are respectively arranged at the corresponding two ends of the conventional atomic gas chamber to form a relative distance, and wherein the operation method comprises: The broadband antenna receives the electromagnetic signal and feeds it into the microwave resonant cavity; Selecting the TM mode from the resonant cavity oscillation mode of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity to change the electric field distribution of the conventional atomic gas chamber; Perform microwave electric field measurement by using the electric field probe; The electric field probe is used to perform microwave electric field measurement, and the first resonant structure or the second resonant structure is controlled to advance or retreat along a fixed track on the track according to the movement signal to adjust the relative distance, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity, so that the electric field probe can perform microwave electric field measurement within a wide frequency band; The broadband antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper stack, an upper metal patch, a middle stack, a middle metal patch, a lower stack and a lower metal patch; the upper metal patch and the middle metal patch are antenna radiation structures, and the lower metal patch is an antenna ground plane; the upper stack is arranged above the upper metal patch, the middle stack is arranged between the upper metal patch and the middle metal patch, and the lower stack is arranged between the middle metal patch and the lower metal patch, and the operation method includes: The electromagnetic signal is received by the gap in the middle of the antenna ground plane and fed into the lower stack; The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure use square metal plates for frequency tuning, and the metal plates are inserted into the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, and the metal plates maintain electrical contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the microwave resonant cavity. When the two metal plates are simultaneously advanced or retreated along a fixed trajectory, the electric field sensitive area is stably maintained and concentrated inside the conventional atomic gas chamber, thereby enhancing the electric field strength in the interaction area between the Rydberg atoms and the laser, thereby improving the sensitivity and dynamic range of the electric field probe; The broadband antenna is an embedded antenna, which is connected to the adjustable resonant cavity in an embedded manner and receives the electromagnetic signal. After receiving the electromagnetic signal, the broadband antenna receives directional electromagnetic waves or omnidirectional electromagnetic waves based on the antenna polarization direction on the surface of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity, and is applied in radar detection, weather forecasting, and communication and navigation related fields.

5. The operating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electric field probe further includes a stepper motor, and the stepper motor is connected to the first resonant structure, the track or the second resonant structure. The operation method includes: The communication circuit of the stepper motor receives a control signal sent by an electronic device wirelessly or by wire; The control signal including the first frequency modulation instruction is converted into the movement signal by a first conversion circuit of the communication circuit of the stepping motor; The adjustable resonant frequency of the adjustable microwave resonant cavity is obtained by the stepping motor according to the relative distance adjusted by dynamic control according to the movement signal.

6. The operating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The microwave resonant cavity is made of a first metal material, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure are made of a second metal material, and the operation method includes: The data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the first type of metallic material and / or the data values ​​of the surface smoothness and conductivity of the second type of metallic material are associated with the data value of the adjustable resonant frequency.

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