A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for promoting the uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes, belonging to the technical field of crop planting, and specifically comprising the following steps: during the period from the growth of new shoots to flowering, water and fertilizer management is carried out in cooperation with shoot management, and different pinching measures are taken for new shoots germinated in different batches; among them, strong shoots are pinched at a later time, and weak shoots are not pinched, but the inflorescences are directly removed. After treating Shine Muscat grapes with the method provided by the present invention, the grapes flower uniformly, the flowering period ends within one week, the production labor is greatly reduced, the product maturity period is consistent, the commodity rate is increased, and the economic benefit is also significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, and particularly to a method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes. Background Art

[0002] Under the climatic conditions of the southern tropical and subtropical regions, the low winter temperature is insufficient to meet the chilling requirement of grapes, resulting in poor dormancy of grapes. At the same time, the temperature rises rapidly in early spring, and the newly sprouted shoots that germinate early grow rapidly, which will affect the growth of the newly sprouted shoots that germinate late, further exacerbating the unevenness of the growth and development of the newly sprouted shoots, thereby causing uneven flowering of the whole garden of grapes, resulting in the need to carry out agricultural operations such as flower and fruit preservation, seedless treatment, and flower and fruit thinning in batches, increasing the production cost, and also bringing great pressure and inconvenience to harvesting and sales.

[0003] "Shine Muscat" grapes are a grape variety that is currently widely cultivated in China. In the grape cultivation areas of Guangxi, Yunnan and other places, the grapes generally bloom in 3-4 batches, and the batches of flower and fruit preservation and seedless treatment even reach 6 to 7 times. Traditional cultivation management involves pinching the shoots when the newly sprouted shoots grow to 3-4 leaves above the flowers to promote the flowering of the newly sprouted shoots. Due to uneven germination, pinching needs to be carried out in 3-4 batches, and two leaves are uniformly left above the flowers for pinching. The problem is that: after pinching, the inflorescence development of the newly sprouted shoots in the whole garden is also uneven, resulting in the inability to carry out flower and fruit preservation, seedless treatment, flower and fruit thinning, and fruit harvesting at maturity uniformly, bringing great pressure to the subsequent cultivation management, increasing the cost, and also affecting the sales progress and price.

[0004] Therefore, taking measures to promote uniform flowering of grapes after germination has become a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the cultivation of Shine Muscat grapes in the southern region. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so that the grapes bloom uniformly, the product maturity periods are consistent, and the production labor is reduced.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes, during the period from the growth of the newly sprouted shoots to flowering, water and fertilizer management is carried out in cooperation with shoot management, and different pinching measures are taken for the newly sprouted shoots with different batches of germination; among them, the vigorous shoots are pinched at a delayed time, and the weak shoots are not pinched, and the inflorescences are directly removed.

[0008] Beneficial effects: By performing different pinching treatments on the new shoots germinated in different batches, the shoots germinated in the first batch grow vigorously. In conventional management, pinching when 2-3 leaves grow on its flowers promotes the development of the inflorescence and advances flowering. In the present invention, a delayed pinching treatment is performed on it. By delaying pinching, the nutrient distribution center for its growth and development is the growth at the shoot, and thus the development of the inflorescence will be inhibited to a certain extent, so it will not flower prematurely, achieving the technical effect of flowering simultaneously with the shoots germinated in the second batch. For the shoots germinated in the third batch, due to late germination and poor nutrient competition ability, they grow weakly and the inflorescence develops late. Considering their small proportion in the tree body, the present invention removes the inflorescences of the shoots germinated in the third batch, enabling the new shoots germinated in different batches to flower neatly, and further enabling the unified completion of production management at each phenological stage after flowering, reducing orchard management procedures, lowering management costs, and improving economic benefits.

[0009] Preferably, the pinching measures specifically include the following steps:

[0010] (1) For the vigorous shoots germinated in the first batch, do not pinch before flowering, and inhibit the development of the flower cluster until the new shoot grows to 12-15 leaves and then pinch;

[0011] (2) For the medium-growing shoots germinated in the second batch, perform normal management;

[0012] (3) For the weak shoots germinated in the third batch and later, remove the inflorescences to promote vegetative growth.

[0013] Among them, the vigorous shoots are the shoots that germinate early, develop quickly and grow vigorously, which are the shoots germinated in the first batch. Because they germinate early and the germination amount in the same batch is small, they grow most vigorously on the fruiting mother branch;

[0014] The medium-growing shoots are the shoots with medium growth vigor germinated in the second large batch. Because when they germinate, the new shoots in the first batch have already developed and the germination amount in the same batch is large, with large nutrient competition, so they grow moderately on the fruiting mother branch;

[0015] The weak shoots are the shoots that grow weakly due to late germination and poor nutrient competition ability.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the vigorous shoots account for 20%-25% of the total grapevine branches;

[0017] The inhibition of the flower cluster development is achieved by not restricting vegetative growth, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] 1) Do not pinch the new shoot before flowering, do not restrict the vegetative growth of the shoot, make the growth of the new shoot the nutrient distribution center, and inhibit the development of the flower cluster through the way of competing for nutrients by vegetative growth;

[0019] 2) After the new shoot flowers, pinch when it grows to 12-15 leaves;

[0020] 3) No topdressing is done, and water management is performed to keep the soil moisture content at 70%-80%.

[0021] Vegetative growth refers to the growth of new shoots, and photosynthetic products are preferentially supplied to the growth points at the top of new shoots for growth and development, so the development of reproductive growth - flower spikes is inhibited to a certain extent. The corresponding treatment is not to pinch the tops, and the purpose of inhibiting inflorescence development is achieved by regulating the nutrient distribution center to the nutrient growth of branches and shoots.

[0022] Preferably, the moderate branches in step (2) account for 70% of the total grape branches;

[0023] The normal management includes the following steps:

[0024] a) Start pinching the new shoots when they have 2-3 leaves on the flowers;

[0025] b) Water and fertilizer management should be carried out accordingly during the budding period of this batch of branches.

[0026] Preferably, the weak branches in step (3) account for 5%-10% of the total grape branches.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The proportion of weak branches is small, but the management cycle is prolonged and many management joints are added. The present invention chooses to remove the inflorescence from the perspective of cost management to achieve the effect of neat flowering in the whole garden. At the same time, removing the weak branch inflorescence can further promote its nutritional growth, which is beneficial to the differentiation of flower buds on its branches and tips, and prepares for flowering and fruiting in the next year.

[0028] Preferably, the water and fertilizer management specifically includes the following steps: (wherein "sprouting" refers to the time point when the second batch of vigorous branches sprout)

[0029] (a) Before germination, the soil moisture content was maintained at 70%-80%, and a mixed solution of urea and seaweed fertilizer was used for drip irrigation twice;

[0030] (b) 3-5 days after germination, the soil moisture content is maintained at 40%-60%, and Shinotek is spread at a rate of 5-6 catties / mu;

[0031] (c) 5-10 days after germination, the soil moisture content is maintained at 40%-60%. First, calcium ammonium nitrate is applied at a rate of 5-6 catties / mu, and then Miao Huan is diluted 500 times and sprayed on the leaves;

[0032] (d) 10-15 days after germination, the soil moisture content is maintained at 40%-60%, and a mixed solution of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer and borax is first used for drip irrigation, and then the Miao Huan is diluted 500 times and sprayed on the leaves;

[0033] (e) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 15-20 days after germination, apply Nutricote at a rate of 5-6 pounds per mu by broadcasting.

[0034] (f) When in the flowering stage, keep the soil moisture content at 40%-60%, dissolve low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer at an application rate of 3-5 pounds per mu in water and then conduct drip irrigation.

[0035] Beneficial effects: The above water and fertilizer management plan is based on the phenological period of the shoots germinated in the second batch. The corresponding water and fertilizer management steps can achieve the effects of promoting grape germination in the germination stage, promoting new shoot development after germination, and promoting flowering in the flowering stage.

[0036] Preferably, the application rate of the urea described in step (a) is 3 pounds per mu;

[0037] The application rate of the seaweed fertilizer is 3 pounds per mu;

[0038] The mass ratio of urea, seaweed fertilizer and water in the mixed solution is 3:3:1000.

[0039] Preferably, the application rate of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer described in step (d) is 5.0 pounds per mu;

[0040] The mass ratio of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer, borax and water in the mixed solution is 5:0.3:2000.

[0041] Preferably, the mass ratio of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer to water in step (f) is 2.5:1000.

[0042] More preferably, the specification of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, that is, it includes the following components by mass fraction: nitrogen 20%, phosphorus pentoxide 20%, potassium oxide 20% and trace elements.

[0043] The trace elements in the present invention are the trace elements used in the conventional fertilization of Shine Muscat grapes, and those skilled in the art can make conventional selections according to the growth trend and nutritional requirements of Shine Muscat grapes.

[0044] Beneficial effects: In step (a) of the present invention, the combined use of seaweed fertilizer and urea before germination can provide rich nutrient elements for the plant, promote the development of new roots, enhance the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by grapes, and provide nutrients for the development of new shoots after germination; the addition ratio of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer, borax and water in the mixed solution described in step (d) is beneficial to the healthy development of new shoots after germination and avoids excessive growth; the concentration of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer aqueous solution in step (f) is 2.5:1000, and this dosage is beneficial to promoting grape flowering.

[0045] The present invention discloses a method for promoting the uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes. After treating Shine Muscat grapes with the method provided by the present invention, the grapes flower uniformly, the flowering period ends within one week, greatly reducing the labor in production, the product maturity periods are consistent, the commodity rate is increased, and the economic benefits are also significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 It is an example of not pinching the strong branches that germinated first in Example 1;

[0048] Figure 2 It is an example of the treatment of the medium-growing branches that germinated second and the weak branches that germinated third and later in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In order to make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] The strong branches in the embodiments of the present invention are the branch tips that germinate early, develop fast, and grow vigorously, and are the first batch of germinated branch tips. Because they germinate early and the germination amount in the same batch is small, they grow most vigorously on the fruiting mother branches;

[0052] The medium-growing branches are the branch tips that germinate in the second large batch and grow moderately. Because when they germinate, the first batch of new shoots has already developed and the germination amount in the same batch is large, with great nutritional competition, so they grow moderately on the fruiting mother branches;

[0053] The weak branches are the branch tips that germinate late and have poor nutritional competition ability and grow weakly, and are the branch tips that germinate in the third batch and later.

[0054] The trace elements in the present invention are the trace elements used in the conventional fertilization of Shine Muscat grapes, and those skilled in the art can make conventional selections according to the growth trend and nutritional requirements of Shine Muscat grapes.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes specifically includes the following steps: During the period from new shoot growth to flowering, water and fertilizer management is carried out in conjunction with shoot management, and different pinching measures are taken for new shoots sprouting in different batches;

[0057] The pinching measures specifically include the following steps:

[0058] (1) For the strong shoots sprouting in the first batch (accounting for 20%-25% of the total grape vines), the shoot growth is relatively fast. The measure of not pinching before flowering is taken. By not restricting vegetative growth, the development of the flower cluster is inhibited, causing the flowering to be delayed, and then pinching is carried out when the new shoot grows to 12-15 leaves; Among them, inhibiting the development of the flower cluster specifically means:

[0059] (1-1) Do not pinch the new shoot before flowering, do not restrict the vegetative growth of the shoot, make the growth of the new shoot become the center of nutrient distribution, and inhibit the development of the flower cluster through the way of competing for nutrients by vegetative growth;

[0060] (1-2) After the new shoot flowers, pinch it when it grows to 12-15 leaves;

[0061] (1-3) Do not top-dress, and keep the soil water content at the level of 70%-80% through water management.

[0062] (2) For the medium shoots sprouting in the second batch (accounting for 70% of the total grape vines), pinch 2 leaves above the flower, and carry out normal management. The specific normal management method includes the following steps:

[0063] (2-1) Start pinching the new shoot when 2-3 leaves grow above the flower;

[0064] (2-2) Carry out corresponding management for water and fertilizer management in conjunction with the sprouting period of this batch of shoots.

[0065] (3) For the weak shoots sprouting in the third batch and later (accounting for 5%-10% of the total grape vines), if the inflorescence growth is too strong, it will suppress the growth of the new shoot, so remove the inflorescence to promote vegetative growth, ensure the nutrient accumulation and flower bud differentiation of the plant, and ensure fruiting in the next year.

[0066] The water and fertilizer management plan before flowering specifically includes the following steps:

[0067] (a) Keep the soil water content at 70%-80% before sprouting, and drip irrigate with a mixed solution of urea and seaweed fertilizer 2 times; Among them, the application amount of both urea and seaweed fertilizer is 3 catties per mu, and the ratio of the addition amount of urea, seaweed fertilizer and water in the mixed solution is 3:3:1000;

[0068] (b) Keep the soil water content at 40%-60% 3-5 days after sprouting, and broadcast apply Norac at a rate of 5-6 catties per mu;

[0069] (c) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 5-10 days after germination, first apply calcium ammonium nitrate by broadcasting at a rate of 5-6 pounds per mu, and then spray it on the leaf surface after diluting Miao Huan 500 times;

[0070] (d) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 10-15 days after germination, first drip-irrigate with a mixed solution of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer and borax, and then spray it on the leaf surface after diluting Miao Huan 500 times; among them, the application rate of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 5.0 pounds per mu, the application rate of borax is 0.3 pounds per mu, and the ratio of the addition amounts of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer, borax and water in the mixed solution is 5:0.3:2000;

[0071] (e) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 15-20 days after germination, apply Nutricote by broadcasting at a rate of 5-6 pounds per mu;

[0072] (f) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% during the flowering period, dissolve low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer in water at an application rate of 3-5 pounds per mu and then conduct drip irrigation, where the concentration of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5:1000.

[0073] Among them, the specification of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE, that is, it includes the following components by mass fraction: nitrogen 20%, phosphorus pentoxide 20%, potassium oxide 20% and trace elements.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] A planting method for Shine Muscat grapes, using the traditional method to plant Shine Muscat grapes, specifically including the following steps:

[0076] For the new shoots germinated at different times in all batches, uniformly pinch them when 2-3 leaves grow above their flowers.

[0077] The water and fertilizer management plan before flowering specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] (a) Before germination, the soil moisture content remains at 70%-80%, and drip-irrigate with urea solution 2 times; among them, the application rate of urea is 3 pounds per mu, and the ratio of the addition amounts of urea and water in the solution is 3:1000;

[0079] (b) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 3-5 days after germination, apply Nutricote by broadcasting at a rate of 5-6 pounds per mu;

[0080] (c) When the soil moisture content remains at 40%-60% 5-10 days after germination, first apply calcium ammonium nitrate by broadcasting at a rate of 5-6 pounds per mu, and then spray it on the leaf surface after diluting Miao Huan 500 times;

[0081] (d) When the soil water content is maintained at 40%-60% 10-15 days after germination, first drip irrigate with a mixed solution of low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer and borax, and then foliar spray after diluting Miao Huan 500 times; among them, the application rate of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 5.0 jin / mu, and the application rate of borax is 0.3 jin / mu. The ratio of the addition amounts of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer, borax and water in the mixed solution is 5:0.3:2000;

[0082] (e) When the soil water content is maintained at 40%-60% 15-20 days after germination, scatter Noratek at a spreading rate of 5-6 jin / mu;

[0083] (f) When the soil water content is maintained at 40%-60% during the flowering period, drip irrigate after dissolving the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer aqueous solution at an application rate of 3-5 jin / mu in water. Among them, the mass ratio of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer to water is 2.5:1000.

[0084] Among them, the specification of the low-nitrogen balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20+TE. The water and fertilizer management in each phenological period is carried out according to the phenological period of the shoots germinated in the first batch.

[0085] Technical effects:

[0086] Select a "Sunshine Rose" planting base in Guangxi for experiments. The area of each test area is 1 mu; manage them by the methods of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 respectively. The comparison of effects is shown in Table 1:

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the management method of the present invention, the batches of flower and fruit preservation and flower and fruit thinning can be effectively reduced, the duration of the flowering period can be shortened, and at the same time, the uniformity of the fruit maturity period can be improved, greatly saving labor costs and reducing the management difficulty.

[0090] The grape yield and quality of each test area are shown in Table 2.

[0091] Table 2

[0092] Processing Average yield per plant / kg Average ear weight / g Average weight of ten grains / g Percentage of marketable fruits / % Comparative Example 1 15.47 303.74 80.35 80.8 Example 1 14.15 374.71 95.77 90.3

[0093] As can be seen from Table 2, by adopting the method of the present invention, while reducing the management difficulty, the grape yield and quality are also improved.

[0094] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes, characterized in that, During the period from the growth of new shoots to flowering, water and fertilizer management is carried out in coordination with shoot management, and different pinching measures are taken for new shoots germinated in different batches; among them, strong shoots are pinched at a later time, and weak shoots are not pinched but the inflorescences are directly removed. The pinching measures specifically include the following steps: (1) For strong shoots germinated in the first batch, do not pinch before flowering, and inhibit the development of flower spikes until the new shoots grow to 12 - 15 leaves and then pinch. (2) Manage the medium - strength shoots germinated in the second batch normally. (3) Remove the inflorescences of weak shoots germinated in the third batch and later to promote vegetative growth.

2. The method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the strong shoots account for 20% - 25% of the total grapevine branches. The inhibition of flower spike development is achieved by not restricting vegetative growth, and specifically includes the following steps: 1) Do not pinch the new shoots before flowering, do not restrict the vegetative growth of the shoots, make the growth of the new shoots the center of nutrient distribution, and inhibit the development of flower spikes through the way of competing for nutrients by vegetative growth. 2) Pinch the new shoots when they grow to 12 - 15 leaves after flowering. 3) Do not apply top - dressing, and manage the water content of the soil to be maintained at 70% - 80% level in water management.

3. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the medium - strength shoots account for 70% of the total grapevine branches. The normal management includes the following steps: a) Start pinching when 2 - 3 leaves grow above the flower on the new shoots. b) Carry out corresponding water and fertilizer management in coordination with the germination period of this batch of shoots.

4. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the weak shoots account for 5% - 10% of the total grapevine branches.

5. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water and fertilizer management specifically includes the following steps: (a) Keep the soil water content at 70% - 80% before germination, and drip - irrigate with a mixed solution of urea and seaweed fertilizer twice. (b) Keep the soil water content at 40% - 60% 3 - 5 days after germination, and apply Nutricote at a rate of 5 - 6 pounds per mu by broadcasting. (c) Keep the soil water content at 40% - 60% 5 - 10 days after germination. First, broadcast calcium ammonium nitrate at a rate of 5 - 6 pounds per mu, and then spray the diluted 500 - fold solution of Miaohuan on the leaves. (d) Keep the soil water content at 40% - 60% 10 - 15 days after germination. First, drip - irrigate with a mixed solution of low - nitrogen balanced water - soluble fertilizer and borax, and then spray the diluted 500 - fold solution of Miaohuan on the leaves. (e) Keep the soil water content at 40% - 60% 15 - 20 days after germination, and apply Nutricote at a rate of 5 - 6 pounds per mu by broadcasting. (f) Keep the soil water content at 40% - 60% during the flowering period, and dissolve low - nitrogen balanced water - soluble fertilizer at an application rate of 3 - 5 pounds per mu in water and then drip - irrigate.

6. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (a), the application rate of urea is 3 pounds per mu. The application rate of seaweed fertilizer is 3 pounds per mu. The mass ratio of urea, seaweed fertilizer and water in the mixed solution is 3:3:1000.

7. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The application rate of the low - nitrogen balanced water - soluble fertilizer in step (d) is 5.0 pounds per mu. The mass ratio of the low - nitrogen balanced water - soluble fertilizer, borax and water in the mixed solution is 5:0.3:2000.

8. A method for promoting uniform flowering of Shine Muscat grapes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (f), the mass ratio of the low - nitrogen balanced water - soluble fertilizer and water is 2.5:1000.

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