Capillary electro-hydraulic beam processing device with built-in metal wire and use method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire and its use method, comprising: a pipe interface having a first cavity therein, the top of which is connected to an electrolyte inlet and a power supply cathode inlet; a sleeve having a second cavity, a transition hole, and a downward-facing tapered hole therein, sequentially connected from top to bottom; a rubber plug disposed in the transition hole; an elastic chuck disposed in the tapered hole; a capillary coaxially disposed in the sleeve, the lower section of which sequentially passes through the central channels of the rubber plug and the elastic chuck; an electrode wire coaxially inserted into the top of the capillary; the second cavity and the first cavity are connected to form a chamber for storing electrolyte; the electrode wire is used to perform cathode polarization on the electrolyte; and the capillary is used to circulate the cathode-polarized electrolyte and eject it downward to form an electro-hydraulic beam. The device solves the problem of difficult positioning of the capillary and the metal wire in existing electro-hydraulic beam machining technologies.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining, and in particular relates to a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire and a method for using the same. [Background Technology]

[0002] During electro-hydraulic beam machining, the metal workpiece is connected to the anode and the electrode wire is connected to the cathode. A DC voltage is applied between the cathode and anode, and the acidic solution is pressed into the glass tube by a high-pressure pump. The liquid in the glass tube forms a continuous liquid beam under the action of pressure and is ejected toward the processed part. Under the action of the electric field, the liquid beam is cathode-polarized, and the anode metal workpiece is continuously "dissolved" and removed, thereby realizing the formation of small holes. This is one of the main processing methods for film holes in aircraft engine turbine blades and is of great significance to the life extension and performance improvement of aircraft engines. The main features of electro-hydraulic beam machining include good processing accessibility, no heat-affected zone, no remelting layer, and no processing stress on the surface after processing, and the inlet and outlet of the processed hole are smooth and burr-free. The characteristics of electro-hydraulic beam machining technology make it very suitable for the processing requirements of hole structures, especially deep and small holes, and it has become one of the important hole-making processes for advanced high thrust-to-weight ratio aircraft engines. Capillary drilling (CD), one of the electrohydraulic beam machining methods, uses a glass capillary as the electrolyte nozzle. A platinum wire is inserted into the tube as the tool cathode. It is mainly used to machine small holes with a diameter of 0.2mm to 0.5mm, with a maximum aspect ratio of 50, making it very suitable for machining small holes with large aspect ratios such as those in turbine blades.

[0003] In the capillary drilling process, the positioning and installation of the capillary and the metal wire is one of its important core technologies. As a jet carrier for conveying acidic electrolyte, accurate axial and radial positioning of the capillary is the key to processing qualified small holes. The metal wire placed in the middle of the capillary cannot disrupt the formation of the liquid beam, and it is necessary to ensure the distance between its end and the electrode outlet in the liquid beam to avoid large fluctuations in the processing current caused by changes in the end distance of the metal wire. When processing different hole diameters and hole depths, the capillary and the metal wire also need to be adjusted accordingly. Traditional capillary fixing methods often use gluing because hydraulic sealing needs to be considered. Each time the capillary is adjusted or replaced, the sealant needs to be removed first, and then re-glued and cured after replacement. This is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the needs of rapid adjustment. In addition, the positioning accuracy of the capillary after gluing is difficult to guarantee. [Summary of the invention]

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire and a method of using the same, so as to solve the problem of difficult positioning of the capillary and the metal wire in the existing electro-hydraulic beam machining technology.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a capillary electro-hydraulic beam processing device with a built-in metal wire, comprising:

[0006] A pipe interface, which is a cylindrical structure, has a first cavity inside, an open bottom, and a top connected to an electrolyte inlet and a power cathode inlet;

[0007] A sleeve is a cylindrical structure with upper and lower openings, wherein a second cavity, a transition hole and a tapered hole opening downward are sequentially connected from top to bottom;

[0008] A rubber plug, which is a hollow cylindrical structure and is disposed in the transition hole;

[0009] an elastic collet disposed in the tapered hole, the elastic collet having a central passage extending along its axis;

[0010] a capillary tube coaxially disposed in the sleeve, with its upper end located in the second cavity and its lower end passing through the central passages of the rubber stopper and the elastic collet in sequence;

[0011] an electrode wire coaxially inserted into the top of the capillary, with the lower portion of the electrode wire located in the second cavity and the upper portion of the electrode wire located in the first cavity, and the electrode wire fixed in the sleeve via an electrode mounting bracket; the diameter of the electrode wire is smaller than the inner diameter of the capillary;

[0012] The second cavity and the first cavity are used to connect to form a chamber for storing electrolyte; the electrode wire is used to connect to the negative pole of the power supply connected through the cathode inlet of the power supply, and is also used to cathodize the electrolyte after the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the workpiece to be processed; the capillary is used to allow the cathodized electrolyte to circulate and be ejected downward to form an electro-liquid beam.

[0013] Furthermore, a current-drawing copper column is sheathed on the outer surface of the electrode wire, and a gap is left between the bottom surface of the current-drawing copper column and the top surface of the capillary.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner wall of the top of the sleeve is vertically provided with four mounting grooves, the electrode mounting bracket has a cylindrical body, and four vertically arranged ribs are evenly arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical body. The ribs are used to be inserted into the mounting grooves, and the cylindrical body has a central hole for the lead copper column of the electrode wire to pass through;

[0015] Two fastening screws (10) are relatively arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical body, and the two fastening screws (10) are used to adjust the upper and lower height positions of the electrode wire by tightening and loosening the two fastening screws (10).

[0016] Furthermore, the elastic chuck includes a cylindrical joint, a central channel is coaxially provided inside the cylindrical joint, and a plurality of elastic clips are provided downwardly at the bottom of the cylindrical joint, with a channel space communicating with the central channel being left between the plurality of elastic clips; the plurality of elastic clips are used to clamp the capillary after the capillary is folded, and are also used to adjust the upper and lower heights of the capillary when the capillary is freely expanded.

[0017] Furthermore, a locking nut is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the sleeve. The locking nut is used to press the elastic collet into the tapered hole by being screwed upward into the bottom of the sleeve, so that the multiple elastic clips are retracted and the capillary is clamped.

[0018] Furthermore, an exhaust port communicating with the second cavity is provided at the top of the pipeline interface.

[0019] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for using a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire. The method comprises:

[0020] The cathode of the power supply is connected to the upper terminal of the electrode wire through the power supply cathode access port, and then the power supply cathode access port is sealed with epoxy resin;

[0021] Before electro-hydraulic beam machining begins, electrolyte flows in from the electrolyte inlet, filling the first cavity and the second cavity, exhausting the air in the two cavities, and sealing the exhaust port with a screw and a sealing ring;

[0022] After the electrohydraulic beam machining begins, the electrolyte continues to flow in from the electrolyte inlet, and the electrolyte is cathode-polarized through the electrode wire. The electrolyte enters from the top of the capillary and then forms an electrohydraulic beam to be ejected.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with an internal metal wire incorporates an electrode wire within the capillary, connects the positive and negative poles of a power supply to the workpiece and the electrode wire, respectively, and accurately positions the capillary and its internal conductive electrode wire using an elastic chuck and an electrode mounting bracket. High-voltage electrolyte forms a continuous liquid beam through the capillary and is sprayed onto the machining area, forming a conductive path, thereby utilizing the principles of electrochemical machining to obtain the target structure. The present invention utilizes a rubber stopper and an elastic chuck in conjunction with each other to replace gluing as a method for securing the capillary, significantly shortening the time required to adjust the capillary and greatly reducing the difficulty of replacing the capillary.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the pipe interface, sleeve and locking nut of a capillary electro-hydraulic jet machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the electrode wire, capillary, rubber stopper and elastic collet of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4-1This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4-2 for Figure 4-1 Enlarged view at point A;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation relationship between the electrode wire and the capillary of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode mounting bracket of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of locking the elastic chuck of a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire according to the present invention.

[0032] Among them, 1. Pipe interface, 104. First cavity, 101. Electrolyte inlet, 102. Exhaust port, 103. Power cathode access port, 2. Electrode wire, 201. Lead copper column, 3. Electrode mounting bracket, 301. Cylindrical barrel, 302. Rib, 303. Center hole, 4. Rubber plug, 5. Sleeve, 501. Second cavity, 502. Conical hole, 503. Transition hole, 6. Elastic chuck, 601. Columnar joint, 602. Elastic clip, 7. Locking nut, 8. Capillary, 9. Workpiece to be processed, 10. Fastening screw. [Specific implementation method]

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The present invention provides a capillary electro-hydraulic beam processing device with a built-in metal wire, such as Figure 1-Figure 4-1 As shown, it includes a pipeline interface 1 and a sleeve 5 connected in series, a rubber stopper 4 and an elastic collet 6 are installed in the sleeve 5, the electrode wire 2 is coaxially inserted into the capillary 8 and coaxially placed in the pipeline interface 1 and the sleeve 5, and the capillary 8 extends outward to the workpiece to be processed.

[0035] Specifically, the pipe interface 1 is a cylindrical structure with a first cavity 104 inside. The bottom of the pipe interface 1 is open, and the top of the pipe interface 1 is connected to an electrolyte inlet 101 and a power cathode inlet 103. When in use, the electrolyte is injected through the electrolyte inlet 101.

[0036] The sleeve 5 is a cylindrical structure with open tops and bottoms. Its interior is divided into three interconnected sections: from top to bottom, a second cavity 501, a transition hole 503, and a downward-facing tapered hole 502. The second cavity 501 is cylindrical, as is the transition hole 503, which is also cylindrical. The rubber stopper 4 is housed within the transition hole 503. The rubber stopper 4 is a hollow cylindrical structure that fits within the transition hole 503, sealing it from directly connecting the second cavity 501 to the tapered hole 502.

[0037] An elastic collet 6 is disposed within the tapered hole 502 and has a central channel extending along its axis. This channel is used to pass the capillary tube 8 through, and the collet 6 is retracted to clamp the capillary tube 8. The capillary tube 8 is coaxially disposed within the sleeve 5, specifically mounted between the center of the rubber stopper 4 and the central channel of the elastic collet 6. The top end of the capillary tube 8 extends into the second cavity 501, and the bottom end of the capillary tube 8 extends through the central channel of the elastic collet 6 to the workpiece to be machined.

[0038] like Figure 4-2 As shown, the electrode wire 2 is coaxially inserted into the interior of the capillary 8. The bottom end of the electrode wire 2 is inserted into the capillary 8 but does not protrude from the bottom of the capillary 8. Typically, the electrode wire 2 can be a capillary glass tube electrode. The top end of the electrode wire 2 extends from the capillary 8 and is located within the first cavity 104. The lead copper post 201 outside the electrode wire 2 is fixed to the sleeve 5 via the electrode mounting bracket 3. The diameter of the electrode wire 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the capillary 8, so that after the electrode wire 2 is inserted, there is still space for the electrolyte to enter the top of the capillary 8.

[0039] The second cavity 501 and the first cavity 104 are connected to form a chamber for storing electrolyte. The electrode wire 2 is used to connect to the negative electrode of the power supply connected through the cathode inlet 103 of the power supply, and is also used to perform cathodic polarization on the electrolyte after the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the workpiece 9 to be processed. The electrolyte flows in through the electrolyte inlet and is sprayed through the lower end of the capillary 8 to the processing area of ​​the workpiece to be processed, so that the workpiece to be processed and the cathode form a conductive path through the electrolyte. The capillary 8 is used to circulate the cathodic polarized electrolyte and eject it downward to form an electro-liquid beam.

[0040] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the electrode wire 2 is sheathed with a current-drawing copper column 201, with a gap between the bottom surface of the current-drawing copper column 201 and the top surface of the capillary 8. The top opening of the capillary 8 is an inlet for the electrolyte to flow in.

[0041] In some embodiments, as Figure 6As shown, the inner wall of the top of the sleeve 5 is vertically provided with four mounting slots. The electrode mounting bracket 3 has a cylindrical body 301. Four vertically arranged ribs 302 are evenly arranged on the outside of the cylindrical body 301. The ribs 302 are used to be inserted into the mounting slots. The cylindrical body 301 has a central hole 303 for the lead copper column 201 of the electrode wire 2 to pass through. Two fastening screws 10 are also arranged on the outside of the cylindrical body 301. The two fastening screws 10 are used to adjust the vertical height position of the electrode wire 2 by tightening and loosening them. The electrode mounting bracket 3 and the fastening screws 10 can achieve axial and radial positioning of the electrode wire 2.

[0042] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the elastic collet 6 comprises a cylindrical joint 601 with a central channel coaxially defined therein. A plurality of elastic clips 602 are positioned downwardly from the bottom of the cylindrical joint 601, with a space between the plurality of elastic clips 602 extending through the central channel. The plurality of elastic clips 602 are used to clamp the capillary tube 8 when collapsed and to adjust the vertical height of the capillary tube 8 when freely expanded. The elastic collet 6, in conjunction with the rubber stopper 4, can achieve axial and radial positioning of the capillary tube 8.

[0043] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 As shown, a locking nut 7 is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the sleeve 5. The locking nut 7 is used to press the elastic collet 6 into the tapered hole 502 by screwing it upward into the bottom of the sleeve 5, so that the multiple elastic clips 602 are retracted and clamp the capillary 8.

[0044] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the top of the pipe interface 1 is provided with an exhaust port 102 for exhaust, which is connected to the second cavity 501 inside. The exhaust port 102 can be sealed with the threaded rubber plug after the air inside the first cavity 104 and the second cavity 501 is exhausted.

[0045] A current sensor may be provided in the conducting circuit of the power supply to detect the current in the conductive path; a pressure sensor may be provided on the electrolyte flow path to detect the pressure of the electrolyte flowing into the electrolyte inlet 101 .

[0046] The present invention provides a method for using a capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire. The method comprises:

[0047] The cathode of the power supply is connected to the upper terminal of the electrode wire 2 through the power supply cathode access port 103, and then the power supply cathode access port 103 is sealed with epoxy resin;

[0048] Before electro-hydraulic beam machining begins, electrolyte flows in from the electrolyte inlet 101, filling the first cavity 104 and the second cavity 501, exhausting the air in the two cavities, and sealing the exhaust port 102 with a screw and a sealing ring;

[0049] After the electro-hydraulic beam machining starts, the electrolyte continues to flow in from the electrolyte inlet 101, and the electrolyte is cathode-polarized through the electrode wire 2. The electrolyte enters from the top of the capillary 8, and then forms an electro-hydraulic beam and shoots toward the anodized workpiece 9 to achieve small hole machining.

[0050] The capillary tube 8 is installed as follows: the capillary tube 8 is inserted into the central channel of the elastic collet 6 and then placed into the tapered hole 502. The rubber stopper 4 is placed over the capillary tube 8, and the upper end of the capillary tube 8 extends into the second cavity 501. After adjusting the extension length of the capillary tube 8, an upward compressive force is applied to the elastic collet 6, and the elastic collet 6 is further pushed into the tapered hole 502. The conical hole 502 narrows slightly faster than the elastic collet 6. As the elastic collet 6 is pushed in, the inner wall of the tapered hole 502 applies a radial compressive force to the elastic collet 6, causing the elastic collet 6 to enter a compressed state, thereby locking the capillary tube 8.

[0051] In actual use, the joints between the power cathode inlet 103, the pipeline interface 1 and the sleeve 5 can be sealed with glue.

[0052] The present invention places an electrode wire inside a capillary tube and connects the positive and negative poles of a power supply to the workpiece and the electrode wire, respectively. A spring chuck and an electrode mounting bracket ensure the precise positioning of the capillary tube and its conductive electrode wire. High-voltage electrolyte flows through the capillary tube as a continuous jet, spraying onto the processing area to form a conductive path. The target structure is obtained using the principles of electrochemical machining. The present invention uses a rubber stopper and a spring chuck in conjunction with each other, replacing adhesive bonding as the capillary tube fixing method. This significantly shortens the time required to adjust the capillary tube and greatly reduces the difficulty of replacing the capillary tube.

Claims

1. A capillary electro-hydraulic beam machining device with a built-in metal wire, characterized in that: include: A pipeline interface (1) is a cylindrical structure having a first cavity (104) therein, an open bottom, and an electrolyte inlet (101) and a power cathode inlet (103) in communication with the top; A sleeve (5) is a cylindrical structure with upper and lower openings, wherein a second cavity (501), a transition hole (503) and a tapered hole (502) opening downward are sequentially connected therein from top to bottom; a rubber stopper (4) having a hollow cylindrical structure and disposed in the transition hole (503); an elastic collet (6) disposed in the tapered hole (502), the elastic collet (6) having a central channel extending along its axis; a capillary tube (8) coaxially disposed in the sleeve (5), with its upper end located in the second cavity (501) and its lower end passing through the central passages of the rubber stopper (4) and the elastic collet (6) in sequence; An electrode wire (2) is coaxially inserted into the top of the capillary (8), the lower section of the electrode wire (2) is located in the capillary (8), the upper section of the electrode wire (2) is located in the first cavity (104), and the electrode wire (2) is fixed in the sleeve (5) through an electrode mounting bracket (3); the diameter of the electrode wire (2) is smaller than the inner diameter of the capillary (8); The second cavity (501) and the first cavity (104) are used to communicate with each other to form a chamber for storing electrolyte; the electrode wire (2) is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply connected through the cathode access port (103) of the power supply, and is also used to perform cathode polarization treatment on the electrolyte after the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the workpiece (9) to be processed; the capillary (8) is used to allow the cathode polarized electrolyte to flow and to be ejected downward to form an electro-liquid beam; The electrode wire (2) is sheathed with a current-drawing copper column (201), and a gap is left between the bottom surface of the current-drawing copper column (201) and the top surface of the capillary (8); Four mounting grooves are vertically provided on the inner wall of the top of the sleeve (5); the electrode mounting bracket (3) has a cylindrical body (301); four vertically arranged ribs (302) are evenly provided on the outer side of the cylindrical body (301); the ribs (302) are used to be inserted into the mounting grooves; the cylindrical body (301) has a central hole (303); the central hole (303) is used to allow the lead copper column (201) of the electrode wire (2) to pass through; Two fastening screws (10) are also arranged opposite to each other on the outside of the cylindrical body (301), and the two fastening screws (10) are used to adjust the upper and lower height positions of the electrode wire (2) by tightening and loosening the screws; The elastic clamp (6) includes a columnar joint (601), a central channel is coaxially provided in the columnar joint (601), a plurality of elastic clips (602) are provided downwardly at the bottom of the columnar joint (601), and a channel space that is connected to the central channel is left between the plurality of elastic clips (602); the plurality of elastic clips (602) are used to clamp the capillary (8) after they are folded, and are also used to adjust the upper and lower heights of the capillary (8) when the capillary (8) is freely expanded; The top of the pipeline interface (1) is provided with an exhaust port (102) communicating with the second cavity (501).

2. The capillary electro-hydraulic jet machining device with a built-in metal wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking nut (7) is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the sleeve (5), and the locking nut (7) is used to press the elastic clamp (6) into the tapered hole (502) by being screwed upward into the bottom of the sleeve (5), so that the multiple elastic clips (602) are retracted and clamp the capillary (8).

3. A method for using a capillary electro-hydraulic jet machining device with a built-in metal wire, characterized in that: Based on the capillary electro-hydraulic jet machining device with a built-in metal wire as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the method of use includes: The cathode of the power supply is connected to the upper terminal of the electrode wire (2) through the power supply cathode access port (103), and then the power supply cathode access port (103) is sealed with epoxy resin; Before the electro-hydraulic beam machining begins, electrolyte flows in from the electrolyte inlet (101) and fills the first cavity (104) and the second cavity (501), exhausts the air in the two cavities, and seals the exhaust port (102) with a screw and a sealing ring; After the electro-hydraulic beam machining begins, the electrolyte continues to flow in from the electrolyte inlet (101), passes through the electrode wire (2), and is cathode-polarized. The electrolyte then enters from the top of the capillary (8) and forms an electro-hydraulic beam to be ejected.

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