A method for regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan, comprising the following steps: (1) cultivating shoots; (2) inhibiting flower formation; (3) controlling shoot growth to promote flower formation; (4) strengthening flower formation; (5) protecting fruits and strengthening fruit growth. This method can delay the flowering period of rambutan to July - August, with relatively consistent flowering time. The fruit ripening and marketing time can be postponed to October - November. The fruit setting is relatively neat, facilitating management, reducing costs. Moreover, postponing the fruit marketing time to October - November can increase the economic value of rambutan, and at the same time, the fruit yield of rambutan is higher than that of existing cultivation methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rambutan, and particularly relates to a method for regulating the flowering period and fruiting period of rambutan. Background Art

[0002] Rambutan is only widely planted in Hainan in China. The existing cultivation techniques for adult rambutan trees during the flowering period mainly include the following cultivation measures:

[0003] (1) Cultivating shoots: After fruit harvesting, lightly prune or do not prune, mainly removing shaded branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, or shortening one-year-old branches, and then digging pits to apply 40 catties of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 1 catty of chemical fertilizer (15-15-15 compound fertilizer) plus 1 catty of urea to cultivate 2-3 robust fruiting branches;

[0004] (2) Flowering: Cultivate the shoots until the flower buds naturally differentiate and bloom in April to May;

[0005] (3) Strengthening flowers: After the spikes emerge, apply compound fertilizer and water to strengthen the flowers, promote the emergence of flower spikes, and at the same time use 1 catty of urea and 2 catties of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer to strengthen the flowers;

[0006] (4) Fruit preservation: Spray 2.4-D 5 ppm or gibberellic acid 30 ppm to preserve the fruits.

[0007] With the current cultivation techniques, rambutan can only bloom from April to May, and the fruits mature and are put on the market from July to August. The yield is relatively low, the flowering time is inconsistent, the fruit setting is uneven, which is not convenient for management and increases costs; moreover, when it matures and is put on the market from July to August, there are a large number of fruits on the market at this time, and consumers have many varieties to choose from. Rambutan has no advantage when it matures and is put on the market at this time, and its economic value is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating the flowering period and fruiting period of rambutan.

[0009] The method of the present invention can delay the flowering period of rambutan to July to August, the flowering time is relatively consistent, the fruit maturity and listing time can be postponed to October to November, the fruit setting is relatively neat, which is convenient for management and reduces costs. Moreover, when the fruits are put on the market from October to November, the economic value of rambutan can be increased, and at the same time, the fruit yield of rambutan is higher than that of the existing cultivation method.

[0010] The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for regulating the flowering period and fruiting period of rambutan, comprising the following steps:

[0011] (1) Cultivating shoots: After fruit harvesting, do not prune, and fertilize to cultivate the shoots;

[0012] (2) Flower inhibition: After the Spring Festival, irrigate the roots with urea and sodium nitrophenolate dissolved in water. Then repeat the irrigation for each plant every 25 - 35 days, water every 6 - 8 days, and spray the leaf surface with gibberellic acid aqueous solution every 25 - 35 days to promote the growth of branches and shoots and inhibit flower bud differentiation;

[0013] (3) Shoot control and flower promotion: Stop the flower inhibition measures in step (2) in May - June, start controlling water and apply monoammonium phosphate by furrow application. Spray shoot inhibitor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the first half of the time, and spray shoot inhibitor, ethephon and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surface in the second half of the time to promote flower bud differentiation;

[0014] (4) Flower strengthening: After flower buds appear in July - August, use thinning pruning to remove closed branches and shaded branches to promote the emergence of flower spikes. At the same time, apply compound fertilizer and medium and trace elements by furrow application to strengthen the flowers;

[0015] (5) Fruit setting and fruit strengthening: Use gibberellic acid, amino acid and boric acid aqueous solution to ensure fruit setting and strengthen fruits, so that the rambutan fruit period is from October to November.

[0016] In the above - mentioned simultaneous regulation method for the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan:

[0017] Optionally, in step (1), after the fruit harvest in July - August of the current year, do not prune. When fertilizing to nourish the shoots, dig a trench for each plant and apply 60 - 80 catties of organic fertilizer and 1 - 2 catties of 16 - 16 - 16 compound fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is sheep manure.

[0018] Optionally, in step (2), use 0.4 - 0.6 catties of urea and 2.8 - 3.2 grams of sodium nitrophenolate dissolved in water to irrigate the roots for each plant; then repeat the irrigation every 25 - 35 days; water every 6 - 8 days; spray the leaf surface with gibberellic acid aqueous solution every 25 - 35 days. The gibberellic acid aqueous solution consists of 20 - 30 milliliters of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3% and 30 catties of water.

[0019] Optionally, in step (3), water control means not watering artificially to inhibit or delay the growth of branches and shoots above the ground.

[0020] Optionally, the amount of monoammonium phosphate applied by furrow application in step (3) is 0.5 - 0.7 catties per plant.

[0021] Optionally, in the first half of step (3), that is, starting from early May, when the rambutan just unfolds its leaves, spray the aqueous solution of shoot inhibitor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to kill shoots and supplement phosphorus and potassium elements on the leaf surface. In the second half of the time, that is, 30 days after shoot killing, spray the aqueous solution of shoot inhibitor, ethephon and potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface to promote flower bud differentiation.

[0022] Optionally, the aqueous solution of shoot inhibitor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in step (3) consists of 4 - 6 milliliters of shoot inhibitor, 15 - 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 30 catties of water.

[0023] Optionally, the shoot-killing agent, ethephon, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution described in step (3) are composed of 4 - 6 mL of the shoot-killing agent, 2 - 4 mL of ethephon with a mass percentage content of 40%, 15 - 20 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30 catties of water; adding ethephon on the basis of the original shoot control formula promotes flower bud differentiation.

[0024] Optionally, when applying the compound fertilizer by trench application in step (4), 1 - 2 catties of 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and 0.3 - 0.5 catties of the medium and trace elements are applied per plant. The mass percentage content of calcium and magnesium fertilizer in the medium and trace elements is greater than 10%, and the mass percentage contents of other trace elements such as zinc, boron, copper, iron, and manganese are between 0.3% and 1.0%.

[0025] Optionally, the gibberellic acid, amino acid, and boric acid aqueous solution described in step (5) is composed of 15 - 20 mL of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage content of 3%, 20 - 30 mL of amino acid with a mass percentage content of 10%, 20 - 30 mL of boric acid with a mass percentage content of 0.8%, and 30 catties of water.

[0026] Using gibberellic acid, amino acid, and boric acid together can play a role in fruit preservation. Among them, gibberellic acid inhibits ethylene formation and reduces fruit drop; amino acid increases the nutrient supply to the leaf surface and supplements the nutrients required for fruit growth; boric acid improves the success rate of pollen fertilization and increases the fruit setting rate.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] (1) Different from most orchard rambutans that flower from April to May and mature from July to August, the method of the present invention promotes the growth of branches and leaves and temporarily inhibits flower bud differentiation, delaying the flowering period to July - August and the maturity period to October - November. The delayed maturity period can double the price and increase the income.

[0029] (2) The method of the present invention combines the shoot control and flower promotion technology, which can unify the flower bud differentiation period, make the flowering period consistent, and the fruit harvesting period consistent, facilitating unified management and reducing the management cost.

[0030] (3) The fruit preservation technology used in the method of the present invention can reduce fruit drop, increase the yield, and increase the income. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rambutan flower spike obtained by using the method of the present invention in Example 1 and the fruit setting of rambutan in the existing cultivation method in the background technology.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the fruit setting of rambutan obtained by using the method of the present invention in Example 1 and the shoot sprouting of rambutan in the existing cultivation method in the background technology. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering period and fruiting period of rambutan provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Cultivating shoots: After the fruits are harvested in August, do not prune but cultivate the shoots by fertilizing. Dig trenches around each plant and apply 60 catties of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) + 1 catty of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer;

[0036] (2) Flower inhibition: After the Spring Festival, dissolve 0.5 catty of urea + 3g of sodium nitrophenolate in 15 catties of water and pour the solution around the trunk of each plant for root irrigation. Repeat the irrigation around each plant every 30 days, and irrigate with water every 7 days (as long as the ground is waterlogged). Spray the leaf surface with 20 ml of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3% diluted in 30 catties of water every 30 days to promote the growth of branches and shoots and inhibit flower bud differentiation (see Table 1);

[0037] Table 1 Flower inhibition effect

[0038]

[0039] Sodium nitrophenolate can play a role in promoting root growth, and spraying the leaf surface with an aqueous solution of gibberellic acid can promote the growth of branches and leaves. The combined use of the two can inhibit flower bud differentiation.

[0040] (3) Shoot control and flower promotion: Stop the flower inhibition measures in step (2) in May-June, start controlling water and apply 0.6 catty of monoammonium phosphate per plant by trench application. At the beginning of May, when the rambutan just unfolds its leaves, spray 5 ml of shoot killer + 15 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 30 catties of water on the leaf surface. After 30 days, spray 5 mL of shoot killer + 4 mL of ethephon with a mass percentage of 40% + 15 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 30 catties of water (mix the shoot killer, ethephon and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water) to control the shoots and promote flower bud differentiation (see Table 2 - Table 3); where controlling water means not watering artificially to inhibit or delay the growth of branches and shoots above the ground.

[0041] Table 2 Shoot control effect

[0042] Time The method of the present invention Existing cultivation methods May 15th Shoot sprouting rate 0％ 11％

[0043] Table 3 Flower promotion effect

[0044]

[0045] It can be seen that the shoot killer and the aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can control the growth of branches and shoots. On this basis, adding ethephon can promote flower bud differentiation.

[0046] (4) Strengthening flower formation: After flower buds appear in July and August, use thinning pruning to remove crowded branches and shaded branches to promote the emergence of flower spikes. At the same time, apply 1 catty of 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and 0.3 catty of medium and trace elements per plant (it is better to use simple medium and trace elements fertilizer specifically, only listed here, not limited) to strengthen flower formation (see Table 4).

[0047] Table 4 Flower promotion effect

[0048]

[0049] The schematic diagrams of the rambutan flower spikes obtained by using the method of this example and the rambutan fruit setting of the existing cultivation method in the background technology are as Figure 1 shown. By using the method of this example, flowering occurs in July, while in the existing cultivation technology, the fruits are already mature in July.

[0050] (5) Fruit preservation and fruit strengthening: Use 18 ml of 3% (mass percentage) gibberellic acid + 25 ml of 10% (mass percentage) amino acid + 25 ml of 0.8% (mass percentage) boric acid + 30 catties of water (dilute gibberellic acid, amino acid and boric acid with 30 catties of water and mix evenly for spraying) to preserve and strengthen fruits (see Table 5).

[0051] Among them, for amino acid and boric acid, it is recommended to use Guoguang high-quality amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, Guoguang high-grade, etc., but not limited.

[0052] Table 5 Comparison of fruit maturity period and price

[0053] The method of the present invention Existing cultivation methods Fruit maturity period October 15th July 30th Yield per plant 80 jin 65 jin Average selling price 15.0 yuan / jin 7.0 yuan / jin

[0054] The schematic diagrams of the rambutan fruit setting obtained by using the method of this example and the rambutan shoot sprouting of the existing cultivation method in the background technology are as Figure 2 shown. As can be seen from Figure 2 , by using the technology of the present invention, the fruits are mature in October, while in the existing cultivation technology, it is in the shoot growth period.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering period and fruit period of rambutan provided in this example includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Shoot cultivation: After the fruits are harvested in August, do not prune but cultivate the shoots by fertilization. Dig trenches to apply 60 catties of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 1.5 catties of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer per plant;

[0058] (2) Flower inhibition: After the Spring Festival, dissolve 0.4 catties of urea + 3g of sodium nitrophenolate in 15 catties of water for each plant and pour it around the tree trunk. Then repeat the irrigation every 30 days for each plant, and irrigate with water every 7 days (as long as the ground is waterlogged). Spray the leaves with 25 ml of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3% + 30 catties of water every 30 days to promote the growth of branches and shoots and inhibit flower bud differentiation (see Table 6). Among them, the shoot killer produced by Guilin Guokai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is preferred.

[0059] Table 6 Flower inhibition effect

[0060]

[0061] (3) Shoot control and flower promotion: Stop the flower inhibition measures in step (2) in May-June, start water control and apply 0.7 catties of monoammonium phosphate per plant by ditch application. Start spraying 6 ml of shoot killer + 16 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 30 catties of water on the leaves when the rambutan just unfolds its leaves at the beginning of May. After 30 days, spray 6 mL of shoot killer + 3 ml of ethephon with a mass percentage of 40% (mass percentage) + 16 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 30 catties of water (mix the shoot killer, ethephon and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water) to control shoots and promote flower bud differentiation (see Tables 7 and 8);

[0062] Table 7 Shoot control effect

[0063] Time The method of the present invention Existing cultivation methods May 18th Shoot sprouting rate 0％ 8％

[0064] Table 8 Flower promotion effect

[0065]

[0066] (4) Flower strengthening: After flower buds appear in July-August, use the method of thinning and pruning to remove the closed branches and shaded branches to promote the emergence of flower spikes. At the same time, apply 1 catty of 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and 0.4 catties of medium and trace elements per plant by ditch application to strengthen the flowers (use Pushi medium and trace element fertilizer) (see Table 8).

[0067] Table 9 Flower promotion effect

[0068]

[0069] (5) Fruit setting and fruit strengthening: Use 15 ml of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3% + 30 ml of amino acid with a mass percentage of 10% + 30 ml of boric acid with a mass percentage of 0.8% + 30 catties of water to set and strengthen fruits (when single-agent drugs cannot be found, it is recommended to use Guoguang two-high amino acid water-soluble fertilizer to replace amino acids) (see Table 9).

[0070] Table 9 Fruit maturity period and price comparison

[0071] The method of the present invention Existing cultivation methods Fruit maturity period October 22nd August 6th Yield per plant 90 jin 78 jin Average selling price 15.0 yuan / jin 9.0 yuan / jin

[0072] According to Embodiments 1-2, the key to the method of the present invention lies in the following two steps: suppressing flower formation and controlling shoot growth to promote flower formation:

[0073] The first key step is to promote shoot growth and suppress flower formation, causing the flower buds of rambutan to stop differentiating. Ground and underground measures must be coordinated to make the flower buds stop differentiating and promote shoot growth. Using only one of them will result in the production of individual flower buds;

[0074] The second key step is to control shoot growth to promote flower formation. When this step was initially tested, ethephon was used. However, in later tests, it was found that using ethephon alone was not effective. Further tests found that adding a shoot-killing agent had quite good effects, and the shoot-killing agent was mainly used, controlling by means of killing, with ethephon only playing an auxiliary role and only being used in the later stage, with a dosage of 2-4 ml. Reducing the use of ethephon can reduce the yellowing and shedding of leaves, and at the same time can also promote flower bud differentiation; using this step of controlling shoot growth to promote flower formation can, firstly, inhibit the growth of tender shoots and, secondly, solve the problem of inconsistent flowering of rambutan.

[0075] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Shoot cultivation: After fruit harvesting, no pruning is carried out, and fertilizers are applied to cultivate shoots; (2) Flower inhibition: After the Spring Festival, urea and sodium nitrophenolate are used to irrigate the roots with water. Then, every 25 - 35 days, each plant is repeatedly irrigated once, water is irrigated every 6 - 8 days, and gibberellic acid aqueous solution is used to spray the leaf surface every 25 - 35 days to promote shoot growth and inhibit flower bud differentiation; (3) Shoot control and flower promotion: In May - June, stop the flower inhibition measures in step (2), start water control and ditch - apply monoammonium phosphate. In the first half of the time, a shoot - killing agent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed, and in the second half of the time, a shoot - killing agent, ethephon, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution are sprayed on the leaf surface to promote flower bud differentiation; (4) Flower strengthening: After flower buds appear in July - August, use thinning pruning to remove closed branches and shaded branches to promote the emergence of flower spikes. At the same time, ditch - apply compound fertilizer and medium - trace elements to strengthen the flowers; (5) Fruit preservation and fruit strengthening: Use gibberellic acid, amino acid, and boric acid aqueous solution to preserve and strengthen the fruits, so that the rambutan fruit period is from October to November; In step (2), 0.4 - 0.6 catties of urea and 2.8 - 3.2 grams of sodium nitrophenolate are used for each plant to irrigate the roots with water; the gibberellic acid aqueous solution is composed of 20 - 30 milliliters of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3% and 30 catties of water; In step (3), in the first half of the time, that is, starting from early May when the rambutan just unfolds its leaves, a shoot - killing agent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution are sprayed to kill shoots and supplement phosphorus and potassium elements on the leaf surface. In the second half of the time, that is, 30 days after shoot killing, a shoot - killing agent, ethephon, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution are sprayed on the leaf surface to promote flower bud differentiation; In step (3), the aqueous solution of the shoot - killing agent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is composed of 4 - 6 milliliters of the shoot - killing agent, 15 - 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30 catties of water; In step (3), the aqueous solution of the shoot - killing agent, ethephon, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is composed of 4 - 6 milliliters of the shoot - killing agent, 2 - 4 milliliters of ethephon with a mass percentage of 40%, 15 - 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30 catties of water. Ethephon is added on the basis of the original shoot - control formula to promote flower bud differentiation.

2. The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), after fruit harvesting in July - August of the current year, no pruning is carried out. When applying fertilizers to cultivate shoots, 60 - 80 catties of organic fertilizer and 1 - 2 catties of 16 - 16 - 16 compound fertilizer are ditch - applied for each plant, and the organic fertilizer is sheep manure.

3. The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), water control means not artificially watering to inhibit or delay the growth of shoots above the ground.

4. The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering period and fruiting period of rambutan according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the amount of monoammonium phosphate for ditch - application is 0.5 - 0.7 catties per plant.

5. The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), when ditch - applying compound fertilizer, 1 - 2 catties of 17 - 17 - 17 compound fertilizer and 0.3 - 0.5 catties of medium - trace elements are ditch - applied for each plant. The mass percentage of calcium and magnesium fertilizers in the medium - trace elements is greater than 10%, and the mass percentages of other trace elements such as zinc, boron, copper, iron, and manganese are between 0.3% and 1.0%.

6. The method for simultaneously regulating the flowering and fruiting periods of rambutan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the aqueous solution of gibberellic acid, amino acid, and boric acid is composed of 15 - 20 milliliters of gibberellic acid with a mass percentage of 3%, 20 - 30 milliliters of amino acid with a mass percentage of 10%, 20 - 30 milliliters of boric acid with a mass percentage of 0.8%, and 30 catties of water.

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