A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of summer corn cultivation, and in particular to a cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn. The method comprises the following steps: screening and planting several varieties of summer corn, calculating an optimal planting density for each variety of summer corn according to an average angle between the main stem and all leaves of each variety of summer corn combined with its plant type density coefficient, conducting field tests, calculating the accumulated temperature and growing period days required for each variety of summer corn from seedling emergence to maturity under the optimal planting density, and then optimizing the accumulated temperature and growing period days required for high yield of each variety of summer corn under an optimal fertilizer and water management mode. The method solves the problems of unscientific matching of different plant type varieties and planting densities of existing summer corn, and relatively lagging fertilizer and water management by flooding irrigation, which is poorly consistent with the water and fertilizer demand law for high yield of summer corn, resulting in a large amount of fertilizer application and low water and fertilizer utilization rate, thereby causing a large gap between yield and high yield target yield and low planting efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of summer corn cultivation, in particular to a cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn. Background Art

[0002] Corn is my country's largest grain crop, with an annual planting area of ​​646 million mu, of which 166 million mu is summer corn, accounting for about 70% of the summer grain sown area; the main planting pattern in the planting area located between 34°N and 36°N is the winter wheat-summer corn double-cropping system, and the summer corn yield will directly affect the total grain output for the whole year.

[0003] The light and heat resources required for high yields of winter wheat and summer corn in this planting area are slightly insufficient. In addition, the existing summer corn varieties with different plant types and planting densities are not scientifically matched, which prevents the varieties from fully realizing their high-yield potential. At the same time, the use of flooding irrigation and fertilizer management is relatively lagging, which does not match the high-yield water and fertilizer requirements of summer corn. This results in large fertilizer applications and low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, resulting in relatively low yields and a late harvest period, which in turn affects the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat, causing the annual yield of winter wheat and summer corn to hover around 15,000 kg / hm2. 2 ~16500kg / hm 2 The yield of summer corn per unit area is 8250kg / hm2. 2 ~9000kg / hm 2 , and the annual yield of winter wheat and summer corn is 21,000 kg / hm 2 ~22500kg / hm 2 , Summer corn yield per unit area 12000kg / hm 2 ~12500 / hm 2 There is a large gap between the high-yield targets.

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to invent a cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the problems that the existing summer corn varieties with different plant types and planting densities are not scientifically matched, so that the high-yield potential of the varieties cannot be fully exerted, and the fertilizer and water management by flooding irrigation is relatively lagging, which is poorly consistent with the high-yield water and fertilizer demand law of summer corn, resulting in a large amount of fertilizer application and low water and fertilizer utilization rate, thus causing a large gap between yield and high-yield target yield and low planting efficiency. The present invention provides a cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Select and plant several varieties of summer corn, and calculate the optimal planting density of each summer corn based on the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of each summer corn and its plant density coefficient;

[0009] Determining the optimal planting density based on plant type can improve light and heat utilization efficiency, reduce shading and light leakage, and increase summer corn yields by 5% to 8%;

[0010] Step 2: Conduct field trials to calculate the accumulated temperature and growing period required for each type of summer corn from seedling emergence to maturity at the optimal planting density, and then select the accumulated temperature and growing period required for high yield of each type of summer corn under the optimal fertilizer and water management model;

[0011] The optimal fertilizer and water management mode is consistent with the high-yield water and fertilizer requirements of summer corn, which not only ensures high yields but also high light and heat utilization efficiency. There is no delay in the growth process caused by stresses such as drought and fertilizer deficiency, so that the accumulated temperature during the growth period of summer corn is effective.

[0012] Step 3: On the premise of ensuring that the harvest date of each type of summer corn is between October 5 and October 15, calculate the latest sowing date of each type of summer corn based on the harvest date of each type of summer corn combined with the accumulated temperature and growth period days required for high yield, so as to achieve high yield of summer corn.

[0013] The sowing date of winter wheat can also be determined based on the harvest date of summer corn, thus ensuring that both winter wheat and summer corn crops can be sown at the appropriate time, laying a good foundation for cultivating strong seedlings individuals and groups, which is conducive to achieving high yields of winter wheat, summer corn and all year round.

[0014] Furthermore, summer corn varieties can be divided into compact varieties, semi-compact varieties, and loose varieties based on the average angle between the main stem and all leaves. Compact varieties refer to varieties with an average angle between the main stem and all leaves of 22.50° and 23.50°, loose varieties refer to varieties with an average angle between the main stem and all leaves of 33.50° and 35.50°, and semi-compact varieties refer to varieties with an average angle between the main stem and all leaves of 23.50° and 33.50°. The plant density coefficient is obtained through plant cluster analysis, maximum leaf interception rate, inter-plant ventilation and light transmittance, and lodging resistance. The plant density coefficient of compact varieties is 3500 plants / hm2. 2 The plant density coefficient of loose varieties is 1500 plants / hm 2 The plant density coefficient of semi-compact varieties is 2250 plants / hm2. 2 Optimal planting density for compact varieties = 23.50 × 3500 plants / hm2 2 -(A-22.50)×3500 plants / hm 2, where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the compact variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the compact variety is 82250 plants / hm 2 ~78750 plants / hm 2 Optimal planting density for loose varieties = 35.50 × 1500 plants / hm2 2 -(A-33.50)×1500 plants / hm 2 , where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the loose variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the loose variety is 53250 plants / hm 2 ~50250 plants / hm 2 Optimal planting density for semi-compact varieties = 33.50 × 2250 plants / hm2 2 -(A-23.50)×2250 plants / hm 2 , where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the semi-compact variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the semi-compact variety is 75375 plants / hm 2 ~52875 plants / hm 2 .

[0015] Furthermore, the optimal fertilizer and water management model refers to calculating the reasonable amount of fertilizer for each type of summer corn based on the target yield of each type of summer corn and the fertilizer utilization rate of the season under water-fertilizer integration, and then fertilizing and watering are carried out in combination with leaf age indicators, and topdressing is carried out using drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation and water-fertilizer integration.

[0016] The water-saving irrigation method of drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation that integrates water and fertilizer can achieve small-scale and multiple fertilizer and water management, improve the consistency between water and fertilizer demand and supply for high-yield summer corn, and improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby achieving cost savings, efficiency improvement and high yield.

[0017] Furthermore, fertilizing in combination with leaf age indicators means applying 60% nitrogen fertilizer and 80% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as seed fertilizer, applying 25% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation and integrated fertilizer during the large trumpet stage, and applying 15% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation and integrated fertilizer during the tasseling and silking stage.

[0018] Furthermore, watering in combination with leaf age index means that on the day of sowing, watering should be determined based on the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm. If the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is ≤65%, watering should be done on the day of sowing or the next day to ensure emergence of seedlings. If the moisture content is >65%, no watering should be done. The plots not to be watered should be watered based on weather conditions. If the temperature remains above 30℃ for 4 consecutive days after sowing, watering should be done to ensure that all seedlings emerge. Drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used, and the general irrigation volume is 300m 3 / hm 2 , then water 4 times from emergence to maturity.

[0019] On the basis of seed fertilizer application, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer is used for topdressing during the trumpeting and silking stages, so that the number of effective ears and grains per ear of summer corn is further increased on the basis of normal maturity, and the 100-grain weight is improved, thus ensuring the high yield of summer corn.

[0020] Furthermore, watering 4 times from emergence to maturity means that the first time should be between emergence and the small trumpet stage. If the seedlings have been watered before emergence after sowing and the relative moisture content of the soil is ≥55%, water should be applied at the small trumpet stage, that is, when there are 7 to 8 true leaves. The irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 If the seedlings have not been watered, when the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is ≥55%, water should be applied before the trumpet stage, that is, when there are 5 to 6 true leaves. When the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is <55%, water should be applied when there are 4 to 5 true leaves. The irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 The second watering should be done during the trumpet phase, that is, when the 13th to 14th true leaves appear, with a watering rate of 450m 3 / hm 2 The third time should be watered when the last true leaf grows 5cm to 10cm before the tassel is formed, and the irrigation amount is 450m 3 / hm 2 The fourth watering should be done 20 to 22 days after the tasseling, with a water volume of 300m 3 / hm 2 .

[0021] Summer corn is watered four times from seedling emergence to maturity, which maximizes yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, minimizes the required accumulated temperature and number of days in the growing period, and maximizes the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources, further ensuring high yield of summer corn.

[0022] The invention provides a cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: several varieties of summer corn are selected, matched with their optimal planting density, and equipped with a scientific and optimal fertilizer and water management mode, so that the growth of the aboveground part of the summer corn is properly controlled in the early growth stage, thereby promoting deep rooting of the root system, enhancing the lodging resistance of the summer corn and the absorption of deep water and fertilizer, and improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency; after the small trumpet mouth stage, fertilizer and water management is carried out in small quantities and multiple times through drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation, thereby maximally meeting the water and fertilizer needs of the summer corn during the growth process, promoting the rapid growth of the summer corn plants and the accumulation of dry matter, thereby improving the summer corn's utilization of light and heat resources in summer and autumn, ensuring that the normal growth process of the summer corn is not forced by adverse conditions, making it grow in the best state, thereby achieving increased yield and normal maturity of the summer corn; not only saving costs but also increasing economic benefits, while providing favorable conditions for the appropriate sowing of winter wheat, ensuring high yields of winter wheat, summer corn and all year round. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that the field experiments in the present invention are all implemented through the following designs:

[0024] First, the previous crop, winter wheat, should be harvested before June 22, and summer corn should be sown before June 23. The land should be of medium to high fertility and uniformly distributed.

[0025] Then, a split-plot design was adopted. The main plot was planted with three plant types, namely, one each of compact, semi-compact, and loose summer corn varieties. The split plots were planted with five planting densities, namely, 52,500 plants / hm2. 2 , 60,000 plants / hm 2 , 67500 plants / hm 2 ,75000 plants / hm 2 and 82,500 plants / hm2 2 , the crack area is divided into three modes of fertilizer and water management under the same fertilizer application amount, namely, farmer mode, stable yield mode and high yield mode, among which the high yield mode is the optimal fertilizer and water management mode;

[0026] The farmer model is the current fertilizer and water management model used by farmers, that is, compound fertilizer is applied as seed fertilizer, no topdressing is done during the growth period, and water is applied 600m3 each before seedlings emerge, during the tasseling period, and after sowing. 3 / hm 2 The stable-yield mode is to apply 70% nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as seed fertilizer, and topdress the remaining 30% nitrogen fertilizer when watering during the large-boom stage; the high-yield mode is to apply 60% nitrogen fertilizer and 80% phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as seed fertilizer, and topdress 25% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizers when watering during the large-boom stage, and topdress 15% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizers when watering during the tasseling and silking stage;

[0027] The stable yield mode and high yield mode both determine whether to water based on the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm to 20cm during sowing, and the amount of watering is controlled within 300m 3 / hm 2 During the growth period, water 300m before the trumpet stage. 3 / hm 2 Watering at 450m3 each during the trumpet opening stage and the tasseling stage 3 / hm 2 , watering in the middle of grouting 300m 3 / hm 2 ;

[0028] During the specific implementation process, a PE drip irrigation tape with a diameter of 16mm, a hole spacing of 15cm, and a drip hole water output of 1.6L / h is laid for each row of summer corn, or a slanted five-hole micro-spray tape with a fold diameter of 63mm is laid for every 4 rows of summer corn.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Plant the compact summer corn variety Dafeng 30, with an average angle of 23.42° between the main stem and all leaves. Based on the plant density coefficient of the compact summer corn variety of 3500 plants / hm2, 2 , we can know that the optimal planting density of Dafeng 30 = 23.50 × 3500 plants / hm 2 -(23.42-22.50)×3500 plants / hm 2 =79065 plants / hm 2 ;

[0032] Step 2: Conduct field trials and statistics to find that the optimal planting density of Dafeng 30 is 79065 plants / hm2. 2 , and the optimal fertilizer and water management mode, that is, the high-yield mode, requires a cumulative temperature of 2730°C from seedling emergence to maturity, and the growth period is 105 days;

[0033] The optimal fertilizer and water management mode is achieved through the following steps: Based on the target yield of Dafeng 30 of 11500kg / hm 2 According to the average production of 100kg corn kernels, 2.53kg of pure nitrogen, 50.96kg of P2O, and 2.32kg of K2O are required. Under the integrated water and fertilizer system, the average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the season is 50.8% of nitrogen fertilizer, 26.9% of phosphorus fertilizer, and 61.2% of potassium fertilizer. The soil can provide 175.6kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O566.6kg / hm 2 KO2161.0kg / hm 2 , it can be calculated that the pure nitrogen application rate for Dafeng 30 is 227.1kg / hm2 at the target yield. 2 、P2O5162.8 kg / hm 2 KO2172.9kg / hm 2 , then fertilize and water according to leaf age indicators, and use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation for topdressing;

[0034] The fertilization in combination with the leaf age index is achieved by the following steps: adding 136.2 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 、P2O5130.2kg / hm 2 and K2O 138.3kg / hm 2 Apply as seed fertilizer; during the flare period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 56.8 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 16.3kg / hm 2 and K2O 17.3kg / hm2 During the tasseling and silking period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 34.1 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 16.3kg / hm 2 and K2O17.3kg / hm 2 ;

[0035] The watering is carried out by combining the leaf age index as follows: watering is carried out 4 times from the emergence of Dafeng 30 seedlings to maturity. Since the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is ≥65% when sowing, no water is poured for emergence. After that, the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is ≥55%, so the first watering is carried out when there are 7 to 8 true leaves, and the irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 The second watering is done when the plant has 13 to 14 true leaves, with a watering rate of 450ml. 3 / hm 2 The third time, water the plant before the last true leaf grows 5cm to 10cm and the plant emerges with a watering rate of 450ml. 3 / hm 2 The fourth irrigation is carried out 20 to 22 days after the summer corn is tasseled, with an irrigation volume of 300m 3 / hm 2 .

[0036] Step 3: On the premise of ensuring that the harvest date of Dafeng 30 is between October 5 and October 15, based on the harvest date of Dafeng 30 on October 13, and combined with the accumulated temperature of 2730℃ required for high yield and the growing period of 105 days, it can be calculated that Dafeng 30 should be sown before June 22, while ensuring the appropriate sowing time for winter wheat.

[0037] After harvest and yield measurement, the actual yield of Dafeng 30 was 11989.5kg / hm 2 , achieving the target output of 11500kg / hm 2 , achieving high yield of summer corn.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Plant loose summer corn variety Taiyu 811, with an average angle of 33.62° between the main stem and all leaves. Based on the plant density coefficient of loose summer corn varieties of 1500 plants / hm2 2 , we can know that the optimal planting density of Taiyu 811 = 35.50 × 1500 plants / hm 2 -(33.62-33.50)×1500 plants / hm 2 =53070 plants / hm 2 ;

[0041] Step 2: Conduct field trials and statistics to find that the optimal planting density of Taiyu 811 is 53070 plants / hm2. 2 The optimal fertilizer and water management mode, i.e. the high-yield mode, requires a cumulative temperature of 2760°C from seedling emergence to maturity, and the growth period is 107 days.

[0042] The optimal fertilizer and water management mode is achieved by the following steps: Based on the target yield of Taiyu 811 of 12,000 kg / hm 2 According to the average production of 100kg corn kernels, 2.53kg of pure nitrogen, 50.96kg of P2O, and 2.32kg of K2O are required. Under the integrated water and fertilizer system, the average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the season is 50.8% of nitrogen fertilizer, 26.9% of phosphorus fertilizer, and 61.2% of potassium fertilizer. The soil can provide 175.6kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O566.6kg / hm 2 KO2161.0kg / hm 2 , it can be calculated that the pure nitrogen application rate for Taiyu 811 is 252.0 kg / hm2 at the target yield. 2 , P2O5180.7kg / hm 2 KO2191.8kg / hm 2 , then fertilize and water according to leaf age indicators, and use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation for topdressing;

[0043] The fertilization in combination with the leaf age index is achieved by the following steps: 151.2 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 、P2O5144.5kg / hm 2 and K2O153.4kg / hm 2 Apply as seed fertilizer; during the flare period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 63.0 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 18.1kg / hm 2 and K2O 19.2kg / hm 2 During the tasseling and silking period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 37.8 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 18.1kg / hm 2 and K2O19.2kg / hm 2 ;

[0044] The watering is carried out by combining leaf age index as follows: watering is carried out 4 times from emergence to maturity of Taiyu 811. Since the relative moisture content of soil at 0cm-20cm is ≥65% when sowing, no water is applied for emergence. After that, the relative moisture content of soil at 0cm-20cm is less than 55%. Therefore, the first watering is carried out when there are 5-6 true leaves, and the irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm2 The second watering is done when there are 13 to 14 true leaves, with a watering volume of 450m 3 / hm 2 The third time, water the plant before the last true leaf grows 5cm to 10cm and the plant emerges with a watering rate of 450ml. 3 / hm 2 The fourth irrigation is carried out 20 to 22 days after the summer corn is tasseled, with an irrigation volume of 300m 3 / hm 2 .

[0045] Step 3: On the premise of ensuring that the harvest date of Taiyu 811 is between October 5 and October 15, based on the harvest date of Taiyu 811 on October 14, and combined with the accumulated temperature of 2760℃ required for high yield and the growing period of 107 days, it can be calculated that Taiyu 811 should be sown before June 22, while ensuring the appropriate sowing time for winter wheat.

[0046] After harvesting and measuring the yield of Taiyu 811, the actual yield was 11869.5kg / hm 2 , although it did not reach the target output of 12000kg / hm 2 , but the gap is small, and it is significantly higher than the yield of the farmer model and the stable yield model, achieving high yield of summer corn.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Plant the semi-compact summer corn variety Dahuai 99, with an average angle of 27.46° between the main stem and all leaves. Based on the plant density coefficient of the semi-compact summer corn variety of 2250 plants / hm2 2 , we can know that the optimal planting density of Dahuai 99 = 33.50 × 2250 plants / hm 2 -(27.46-23.50)×2250 plants / hm 2 =66465 plants / hm 2 ;

[0050] Step 2: Conduct field trials and statistics to find that the optimal planting density of Dahuai 99 is 66465 plants / hm2. 2 The optimal fertilizer and water management mode, i.e. the high-yield mode, requires a cumulative temperature of 2820°C from seedling emergence to maturity, and the growth period is 110 days.

[0051] The optimal fertilizer and water management mode is achieved by the following steps: According to the target yield of Dahuai 99 of 12500kg / hm 2According to the average production of 100kg corn kernels, 2.53kg of pure nitrogen, 50.96kg of P2O, and 2.32kg of K2O are required. Under the integrated water and fertilizer system, the average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the season is 50.8% of nitrogen fertilizer, 26.9% of phosphorus fertilizer, and 61.2% of potassium fertilizer. The soil can provide 175.6kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O566.6kg / hm 2 KO2161.0kg / hm 2 , it can be calculated that the pure nitrogen application for Dahuai 99 is 276.9 kg / hm2 at the target yield. 2 , P2O5198.5 kg / hm 2 、K2O210.8kg / hm 2 , then fertilize and water according to leaf age indicators, and use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer for topdressing;

[0052] The fertilization in combination with the leaf age index is achieved by the following steps: adding 166.2 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 、P2O5158.7kg / hm 2 and K2O168.6kg / hm 2 Apply as seed fertilizer; during the flare period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 69.2 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 19.9kg / hm 2 and K2O 21.1kg / hm 2 During the tasseling and silking period, use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to integrate water and fertilizer and apply 41.5 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 、P2O5 19.9kg / hm 2 and K2O21.1kg / hm 2 ;

[0053] The watering is carried out by combining the leaf age index with the following steps: watering the Dahuai 99 seedlings 4 times from emergence to maturity; since the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm-20cm is less than 55.0% during sowing, watering is carried out 300m on the second day after sowing. 3 / hm 2 Ensure that all seedlings emerge. After that, the relative moisture content of the soil from 0cm to 20cm should be ≥55%. Therefore, the first watering should be done when there are 7 to 8 true leaves. The irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 The second watering is done when the plant has 13 to 14 true leaves, with a watering rate of 450ml. 3 / hm 2 The third time, water the plant when the last true leaf grows 5cm to 10cm and before the plant tassels appear. The amount of watering is 450ml. 3 / hm 2The fourth irrigation is carried out 20 to 22 days after the summer corn is tasseled, with an irrigation volume of 300m 3 / hm 2 .

[0054] Step 3: On the premise of ensuring that the harvest date of Dahuai 99 is between October 5 and October 15, based on the harvest date of Dahuai 99 on October 13 and combined with the accumulated temperature of 2820℃ required for high yield and the growing period of 110 days, it can be calculated that Dahuai 99 should be sown before June 18, while ensuring the appropriate sowing time for winter wheat.

[0055] After harvesting and measuring the yield, the actual yield of Dahuai 99 was 12702.0 kg / hm 2 , achieving the target output of 12500kg / hm 2 , achieving high yield of summer corn.

[0056] Table 1 shows the accumulated temperature, growing period days, number of effective ears, number of kernels per ear, 100-kernel weight and yield of three summer corn varieties, namely, the compact summer corn variety Dafeng 30, the loose summer corn variety Taiyu 811 and the semi-compact summer corn variety Dahuai 99, obtained from a field experiment using a split-plot design under five planting densities and three fertilizer and water management modes.

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] According to Table 1, the planting density of the compact summer corn variety Dafeng 30 under the same fertilizer and water pattern is 52,500 plants / hm2. 2 , 60,000 plants / hm 2 , 67500 plants / hm 2 The yield of mature and harvested varieties increased in turn, but they were all lower than that of Dafeng 30 at a planting density of 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 The yield is 10000 plants / hm2, and the planting density is 82500 plants / hm2. 2 The yield began to decline when the compact summer corn variety was planted at an optimal density of 82250 plants / hm2. 2 ~78750 plants / hm 2 In addition, under the same planting density, the effective number of ears, number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight and yield of Dafeng 30 after mature harvest when the fertilizer and water management mode is high-yield mode are significantly higher than those of farmers and stable yield modes;

[0061] The semi-compact summer corn variety Dahuai 99 was planted at a density of 52,500 plants / hm2 under the same fertilizer and water pattern. 2, 60,000 plants / hm 2 When the planting density was 67500 plants / hm2, the yield of Dahuai 99 increased successively after mature harvest, but they were all lower than that of Dahuai 99 when the planting density was 67500 plants / hm2. 2 The yield is 10000 plants / hm2 and the planting density is 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 , 82500 plants / hm 2 The yield decreases in turn, which shows that the semi-compact summer corn varieties have an optimal planting density range of 75375 plants / hm2. 2 ~52875 plants / hm 2 In addition, under the same planting density, the effective number of ears, number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight and yield of Dahuai 99 after mature harvest when the fertilizer and water management mode is high-yield mode are significantly higher than those in the farmer and stable yield modes;

[0062] The loose summer corn variety Taiyu 811, under the same planting density and high-yield fertilizer and water management mode, has significantly higher effective ears, kernels per ear, 100-kernel weight and yield after mature harvest than those under the farmer and stable yield modes.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are orientations or positional relationships only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0064] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1: screening and planting several varieties of summer corn, and calculating the optimal planting density of each summer corn according to the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of each summer corn in combination with its plant density coefficient; the summer corn varieties are divided into compact varieties, semi-compact varieties and loose varieties according to the average angle between the main stem and all leaves, wherein the compact variety refers to the variety with the average angle between the main stem and all leaves between 22.50° and 23.50°, the loose variety refers to the variety with the average angle between the main stem and all leaves between 33.50° and 35.50°, and the semi-compact variety refers to the variety with the average angle between the main stem and all leaves between 23.50° and 33.50°; the plant density coefficient is obtained through plant cluster analysis, maximum leaf interception rate, inter-plant ventilation and light transmittance, and lodging resistance, and the plant density coefficient of the compact variety is 3500 plants / hm 2 The plant density coefficient of loose varieties is 1500 plants / hm 2 The plant density coefficient of semi-compact varieties is 2250 plants / hm2. 2 Optimal planting density for compact varieties = 23.50 × 3500 plants / hm2 2 -(A-22.50)×3500 plants / hm 2 , where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the compact variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the compact variety is 78750 plants / hm 2 ~82250 plants / hm 2 ; The optimal planting density of loose varieties = 35.50 × 1500 plants / hm 2 -(A-33.50)×1500 plants / hm 2 , where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the loose variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the loose variety is 50250 plants / hm 2 ~53250 plants / hm 2 Optimal planting density for semi-compact varieties = 33.50 × 2250 plants / hm2 2 -(A-23.50)×2250 plants / hm 2 , where A is the average angle between the main stem and all leaves of the semi-compact variety. It can be seen that the optimal planting density of the semi-compact variety is 52875 plants / hm 2 ~75375 plants / hm 2 ; Step 2: Conducting field trials to calculate the accumulated temperature and growing period days required for each type of summer corn from seedling emergence to maturity at an optimal planting density, and then selecting the accumulated temperature and growing period days required for high yield of each type of summer corn under an optimal fertilizer and water management model; the optimal fertilizer and water management model is to calculate a reasonable amount of fertilizer for each type of summer corn based on the target yield of each type of summer corn and the fertilizer utilization rate of the season under integrated water and fertilizer management, and then fertilize and water the crops in accordance with leaf age indicators, and use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation for topdressing; Step 3: On the premise of ensuring that the harvest date of each type of summer corn is between October 5 and October 15, calculate the latest sowing date of each type of summer corn based on the harvest date of each type of summer corn combined with the accumulated temperature and growing period days required for high yield, so as to achieve high yield of summer corn.

2. A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization combined with leaf age index means applying 60% nitrogen fertilizer and 80% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as seed fertilizer, applying 25% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration during the large trumpet opening period, and applying 15% nitrogen fertilizer and 10% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration during the tasseling and silking period.

3. A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watering in combination with leaf age index means that whether to water is determined based on the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm~20cm on the day of sowing. If the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm~20cm is ≤65%, watering should be done on the day of sowing or the next day to ensure emergence of seedlings; if the moisture content is >65%, no watering is done. The plots not to be watered should be watered based on weather conditions. If the temperature is above 30℃ for 4 consecutive days after sowing, watering should be done to ensure that all seedlings emerge. Drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used, and the irrigation volume is 300m 3 / hm 2 , then water 4 times from emergence to maturity.

4. A cost-saving, efficiency-enhancing and high-yield cultivation method for summer corn according to claim 3, characterized in that: The four times of watering from emergence to maturity means that the first time should be between emergence and the small trumpet stage. If the seedlings have been watered before emergence after sowing and the relative moisture content of the soil is ≥55%, water should be applied at the small trumpet stage, that is, when there are 7 to 8 true leaves. The irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 If the seedlings have not been watered, when the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm~20cm is ≥55%, water should be applied before the small trumpet stage, that is, when there are 5~6 true leaves. When the relative moisture content of the soil at 0cm~20cm is <55%, water should be applied when there are 4~5 true leaves. The irrigation amount is 300m 3 / hm 2 The second watering should be done during the trumpet phase, that is, when the 13th to 14th true leaves appear, with a watering rate of 450m 3 / hm 2 The third time should be watered when the last true leaf grows 5cm~10cm before the tassel is formed, and the irrigation amount is 450m 3 / hm 2 The fourth watering should be done 20 to 22 days after the tasseling, with a water volume of 300m 3 / hm 2 .

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