A high-salt high-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil improvers, and discloses a high-salt and high-alkali soil improver, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the high-salt and high-alkali soil improver comprises component A solution; the component A solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-65 parts of shale, 15-30 parts of sepiolite, 10-20 parts of octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, and 80-200 parts of sulfuric acid solution; the high-salt and high-alkali soil improver further comprises component B colloid, and the component B colloid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of chitosan, 15-20 parts of ferrous chloride, 30-70 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, 8-10 parts of poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), and 1-3 parts of a crosslinking agent. Through the technical scheme, the problem that the existing soil improver cannot treat high-salt and high-alkali soil is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, and in particular to a soil conditioner for high-salt and high-alkali lands, a preparation method thereof, and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a general term for various alkaline and saline soils. Currently, the total area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world is approximately 950 million hectares, and data shows that the area of ​​saline-alkali soil is increasing at a rate of 1 to 1.5 million hectares per year. Of this, China's saline-alkali land area is approximately 99 million hectares, indicating that my country is a country with relatively serious salinization. my country's saline-alkali land is mainly distributed in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China, and East China, especially in provinces such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Gansu, where the damage caused by soil salinization is particularly serious. Salinization is known as the "chronic disease" of the land, resulting in low yields or even the inability to grow crops. Therefore, the improvement of saline-alkali land has far-reaching practical significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development and ensuring my country's food security.

[0003] The improvement measures for saline-alkali land mainly include: water improvement measures, chemical improvement measures, biological improvement measures and agricultural improvement measures. Water improvement measures are to wash and drain salt from saline-alkali land through drip irrigation, flood irrigation, drainage, leaching and other methods, so as to reduce the salt content in the surface soil and create an environment conducive to crop growth. Agricultural improvement measures are mainly based on tillage, including deep plowing and loosening, land leveling, soil replacement, terrain elevation, micro-area soil improvement, surface cover and other measures to improve the soil and create suitable growth conditions for crops. Biological improvement is to screen or cultivate salt-tolerant plants, microorganisms, and animals, and rely on the interaction between plants, microorganisms and animals and soil salt to reduce the salt content in the soil. Chemical improvement measures refer to the process of improving saline-alkali land by applying chemical amendments, organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers to saline-alkali land. Among the above four measures, water conservancy measures are complex projects, require large initial investment, and are difficult to manage; agricultural measures and biological measures have no obvious effects in a short period of time, are slow to take effect, and are difficult to achieve the improvement and management of high-salt and high-alkali land; chemical improvement measures are easy to operate, quick to take effect, and low in cost, and have become one of the important directions of research on saline-alkali land management.

[0004] Currently, the salinization of saline-alkali land in my country is becoming increasingly serious, and the area of ​​high-salt and high-alkali land is constantly increasing. In addition, there is a lack of technology to treat high-salt and high-alkali soils with salt contents greater than 1% and exchangeable sodium contents greater than 20%. Therefore, the development of a soil conditioner for high-salt and high-alkali lands is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application thereof, which solve the problem that existing soil conditioners cannot treat high-salt and high-alkali soil.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The present application provides a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises a component A solution.

[0008] The component A solution comprises the following components by weight: shale 25-65 parts, sepiolite 15-30 parts, octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 10-20 parts, and sulfuric acid solution 80-200 parts.

[0009] As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the shale to the sepiolite is 2:1.

[0010] As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the component A solution is as follows: shale, sepiolite, and octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether are added to a sulfuric acid solution, and then uniformly dispersed; after acidification reaction, the component A solution is obtained.

[0011] As a further technical scheme, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%-30%.

[0012] As a further technical scheme, during the acidification reaction, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the time is 24-36h.

[0013] As a further technical scheme, the component B colloid further comprises the following components by weight: chitosan 16-20 parts, ferrous chloride 15-20 parts, hydrochloric acid solution 30-70 parts, poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) 8-10 parts, and crosslinking agent 1-3 parts.

[0014] The mass ratio of the component A solution to the component B colloid is 2-3:1.

[0015] As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) is 2:1.

[0016] As a further technical scheme, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 20%-30%.

[0017] As a further technical scheme, the crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol diacid or glucuronic acid.

[0018] As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the component B colloid is as follows: ferrous chloride is dissolved in a hydrochloric acid solution, chitosan is added, and then heated and mixed until uniform to obtain a pretreatment solution; poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and a crosslinking agent are added to the pretreatment solution, and then uniformly dispersed to obtain the component B colloid.

[0019] The application further provides a preparation method of the high-salt and high-alkali soil improver, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the component A solution and the component B colloid to obtain the soil improver.

[0020] The application further provides application of the soil improver in improving high-salt and high-alkali land.

[0021] The application has the following working principles and advantages:

[0022] 1. In the application, the component A solution prepared from shale, sepiolite, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and sulfuric acid solution contains a large amount of sulfate and various trace elements, which can effectively reduce the pH value and salt content of soil and improve the fertility of soil. The addition of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether promotes the dissolution and dispersion of shale and sepiolite, and can form nano-particle materials in the component A solution. The nano-particle materials can enter the capillary pore of soil, which can not only play a role in water retention but also avoid the occurrence of salt return, thereby reducing the salt content of soil.

[0023] 2. In the application, when the mass ratio of shale to sepiolite in the component A solution is 2:1, the prepared soil improver can further reduce the pH value and salt content of soil.

[0024] 3. In the application, the soil improver further comprises the component B colloid, which has water absorption and can further improve the water holding capacity of soil after irrigation. In addition, the component B colloid can swell after irrigation, which can avoid salt return and further reduce the salt content of soil. In addition, the ferrous ions in the component B colloid can further reduce the pH value of soil.

[0025] 4. In the application, when the mass ratio of the component A solution to the component B colloid is 2-3:1, the soil improver can further reduce the pH value and salt content of soil and further improve the water holding capacity of soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the application.

[0027] In the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, the type of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is OP-10, the type of chitosan is TCI-C0831, and the molecular weight of poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) is 5000.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding 25 parts of shale, 15 parts of sepiolite, and 10 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 80 parts of sulfuric acid solution, dispersing the mixture evenly, and subjecting the mixture to an acidification reaction to obtain the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 50° C., and the reaction time is 36 hours.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding 65 parts of shale, 30 parts of sepiolite, and 20 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 200 parts of sulfuric acid solution, dispersing the mixture evenly, and subjecting the mixture to an acidification reaction to obtain the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 60°C, and the reaction time is 24 hours.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding 55 parts of shale, 30 parts of sepiolite, and 20 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 200 parts of sulfuric acid solution, dispersing the mixture evenly, and subjecting the mixture to an acidification reaction to obtain the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 60°C, and the reaction time is 24 hours.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding 60 parts of shale, 30 parts of sepiolite, and 20 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 200 parts of sulfuric acid solution, dispersing the mixture evenly, and subjecting the mixture to an acidification reaction to obtain the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 60°C, and the reaction time is 24 hours.

[0036] Example 5

[0037] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding 50 parts of shale, 25 parts of sepiolite, and 15 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 140 parts of sulfuric acid solution, dispersing the mixture evenly, and subjecting the mixture to an acidification reaction to obtain the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 55° C., and the reaction time is 30 hours.

[0038] Example 6

[0039] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1. Add 50 parts of shale, 25 parts of sepiolite and 15 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 140 parts of sulfuric acid solution, disperse them evenly, and after acidification reaction, obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 55°C, and the time is 30 hours;

[0041] S2. Dissolve 15 parts of ferrous chloride in 30 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, add 16 parts of chitosan, and heat and mix at 50°C until uniform to obtain a pretreatment solution. Add 8 parts of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and 1 part of polyethylene glycol diacid to the pretreatment solution, and disperse uniformly by ultrasonication to obtain a component B colloid, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 20%;

[0042] S3. Ultrasonic dispersion of the component A solution and the component B colloid is performed to obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner.

[0043] Example 7

[0044] A method for preparing a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Add 50 parts of shale, 25 parts of sepiolite and 15 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to 140 parts of sulfuric acid solution, disperse them evenly, and after acidification reaction, obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, the acidification reaction temperature is 55°C, and the time is 30 hours;

[0046] S2. Dissolve 20 parts of ferrous chloride in 70 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, add 20 parts of chitosan, and heat and mix at 50°C until uniform to obtain a pretreatment solution. Add 10 parts of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and 3 parts of polyethylene glycol diacid to the pretreatment solution, and disperse uniformly by ultrasonication to obtain a component B colloid, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 20%;

[0047] S3. Ultrasonic dispersion of the component A solution and the component B colloid is performed to obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner.

[0048] Example 8

[0049] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 is that in step S3 of this embodiment, 230 parts of component A solution and 70 parts of component B colloid are ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner.

[0050] Example 9

[0051] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 is that in step S3 of this embodiment, 230 parts of component A solution and 115 parts of component B colloid are ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner.

[0052] Example 10

[0053] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 is that in step S3 of this embodiment, 225 parts of component A solution and 75 parts of component B colloid are ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner.

[0054] Example 11

[0055] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that ferrous chloride is not added.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that shale is not added and the weight portion of sepiolite is 40 parts.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no sepiolite is added and the weight proportion of shale is 40 parts.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is added.

[0062] Application Example 1: Improvement of high-salinity soil in Shanba Town, Hangjinhou Banner, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia

[0063] The soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were diluted 100 times with water and irrigated at an irrigation rate of 10 L / mu on high-salinity soil in Shanba Town, Hangjinhou Banner, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia (the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil with a surface depth of 0-20 cm was 53.2 g / kg, the soil pH was 9.3, and the soil water holding capacity was 85 g / kg). After 14 days, the soil with a surface depth of 0-20 cm was taken for the following performance tests:

[0064] (1) Determination of the total amount of water-soluble salts in soil: Determine the total amount of water-soluble salts in the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.16-2006 "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of the Total Amount of Water-Soluble Salts in Soil";

[0065] (2) Determination of soil pH: Determine the pH value of the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.2-2006 “Soil Testing Part 2: Determination of Soil pH”;

[0066] (3) Determination of soil water holding capacity: Determine the water holding capacity of the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.22-2010 "Soil Testing Part 22: Determination of Soil Field Water Holding Capacity - Ring Knife Method".

[0067] The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0068] Table 1 Results of soil improvement on high-salinity land in Hangjinhou Banner, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from the data in the table, the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the total amount of water-soluble salts and the pH value of the soil in high-salt land, and effectively improve the water holding capacity of the soil. The comparison of Example 4 with Examples 2-3 shows that when the mass ratio of shale and sepiolite in the component A solution is 2:1, the soil conditioner can further reduce the salt content and soil pH value of the soil. The comparison of Example 5 with Examples 6-10 shows that when the soil conditioner includes component A solution and component B colloid, the salt content and pH value of the soil can be further reduced, and the water holding capacity of the soil can be further improved. The comparison of Examples 7-8 with Examples 9-10 shows that the optimal mass ratio range of component A solution and component B colloid is 2-3:1. The comparison of Example 6 with Example 11 shows that ferrous chloride in component B colloid helps to reduce the pH value of the soil. The comparison of Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-2 shows that the compound use of shale and sepiolite can further reduce the salt content of the soil. Comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that the addition of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether helps to reduce the salt content of the soil and increase the water holding capacity of the soil.

[0071] Sunflowers were planted on the original high-salinity soil and the soil treated with the soil conditioner of Example 9 on the same area. Sunflowers could not grow in the original soil, but the yield per mu reached 157 kilograms after treatment, which shows that the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can meet the actual needs of high-salinity land treatment and improvement.

[0072] Application Example 2: Improvement of high-alkaline soil in Linxi County, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia

[0073] The soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were diluted 50 times with water and irrigated at a rate of 15 L / mu on high-alkali soil in Linxi County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia (the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil at a surface depth of 0-20 cm was 7.3 g / kg, the soil pH was 10.54, and the soil water holding capacity was 105 g / kg). After 14 days, the soil at a surface depth of 0-20 cm was collected for the following performance tests:

[0074] (1) Determination of the total amount of water-soluble salts in soil: Determine the total amount of water-soluble salts in the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.16-2006 "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of the Total Amount of Water-Soluble Salts in Soil";

[0075] (2) Determination of soil pH: Determine the pH value of the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.2-2006 “Soil Testing Part 2: Determination of Soil pH”;

[0076] (3) Determination of soil water holding capacity: Determine the water holding capacity of the improved soil in accordance with NY / T 1121.22-2010 "Soil Testing Part 22: Determination of Soil Field Water Holding Capacity - Ring Knife Method".

[0077] The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0078] Table 2 Results of soil improvement on high alkaline land in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia

[0079]

[0080] Comparison between Example 4 and Examples 2-3 shows that when the mass ratio of shale and sepiolite in the component A solution is 2:1, it helps to further reduce the salinity and pH value of the soil. Comparison between Example 5 and Examples 6-10 shows that when the soil conditioner includes the component A solution and the component B colloid, it helps to reduce the salinity and pH value of the soil and increase the water holding capacity of the soil. Comparison between Examples 7-8 and Examples 9-10 shows that the optimal mass ratio range of the component A solution and the component B colloid is 2-3:1. Comparison between Example 6 and Example 11 shows that the ferrous chloride in the component B colloid helps to reduce the pH value of the soil. Comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 shows that the combined use of shale and sepiolite is beneficial to further reduce the salinity of the soil. Comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that the addition of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can effectively reduce the salinity of the soil and further increase the water holding capacity of the soil.

[0081] Corn was planted on the original high-alkali soil and the soil treated with the soil conditioner of Example 9 on the same area, and the emergence rate was counted after 14 days. The emergence rate of the original soil was 0%, and the emergence rate of the treated soil was 86%, which shows that the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can meet the actual needs of high-alkali land treatment and improvement.

[0082] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for high-salt and high-alkali soils, characterized in that: including component A solution; The component A solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-65 parts of shale, 15-30 parts of sepiolite, 10-20 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and 80-200 parts of sulfuric acid solution; The preparation method of the component A solution is as follows: shale, sepiolite and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether are added to a sulfuric acid solution, dispersed evenly, and subjected to acidification reaction to obtain the component A solution; The colloid of component B is also included, and the colloid of component B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of chitosan, 15-20 parts of ferrous chloride, 30-70 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, 8-10 parts of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), and 1-3 parts of a cross-linking agent; the mass ratio of the solution of component A to the colloid of component B is 2-3:1; The preparation method of the component B colloid is as follows: dissolving ferrous chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution, adding chitosan, heating and mixing until uniform to obtain a pretreatment liquid, adding poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and a crosslinking agent to the pretreatment liquid, and dispersing uniformly to obtain the component B colloid.

2. A high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the shale to the sepiolite is 2:

1.

3. The high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the acidification reaction, the temperature is 50-60° C. and the time is 24-36 hours.

4. The high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the chitosan to the poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) is 2:

1.

5. The high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is polyethylene glycol diacid or glucuronic acid.

6. A method for preparing the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The component A solution and the component B colloid are evenly dispersed to obtain a soil conditioner.

7. Use of the high-salt and high-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the soil conditioner obtained by the preparation method according to claim 6 in improving high-salt and high-alkali soil.

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