Superhard abrasive tool and grinding process for difficult-to-machine materials

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of superhard material abrasive tool for difficult-to-machine material and grinding process, the abrasive tool includes base one, pressing plate and multiple grinding pieces, base one is annular structure, multiple grinding pieces are distributed along the circumference of base one and are spliced into annular structure, and the water channel that passes through radially is formed between two grinding pieces;Pressing plate is annular structure, it is fixedly installed in one end of base one, for tightly pressing multiple grinding pieces;Mixed cooling channel for passing in grinding fluid and / or cooling fluid is formed between pressing plate and base one, liquid inlet is formed between one end of pressing plate and one end of base one, which is communicated with mixed cooling channel, multiple water channels are respectively communicated with mixed cooling channel;Each grinding piece includes multiple abrasives, the thickness h of each grinding piece and the particle size b of abrasive satisfy b≤h<2b.The beneficial effects of the present application are reasonable design, simple process, can be aimed at the particularity of different difficult-to-grind materials, superimposed auxiliary means, improve grinding efficiency and grinding quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of grinding technology, in particular to an ultrahard abrasive tool for difficult-to-machine materials and a grinding process. BACKGROUND

[0002] Difficult-to-machine materials mainly refer to ceramics, stainless steel, hard alloy, titanium alloy, heat-resistant alloy, aluminum alloy, and composite materials, etc. For grinding of difficult-to-machine materials, workpiece chipping and damage are prone to occur; intense chemical affinity between high temperature and abrasive materials is prone to cause plastic damage to abrasive grains, resulting in a large amount of broken grains; grinding dust is prone to adhere to the surface of abrasive grains, and when the adhesion is serious, the working surface of the grinding wheel will be rapidly passivated and lose the grinding ability; the grinding dust, especially the ductile non-powder dust, is difficult to discharge and is prone to block the space between the exposed abrasives on the working surface of the grinding wheel, resulting in reduced abrasive cutting amount or even lost grinding ability; the abrasive of the grinding wheel is prone to be heated and accelerated to wear and passivate, causing the abrasive cutting pressure to decrease and the grinding wheel to slip and not move; the workpiece surface is burned and cracked. The main grinding characteristics of different difficult-to-machine materials are high grinding zone temperature, large abrasive wear, low grinding efficiency, and large grinding force, etc.

[0003] The traditional abrasive tool "abrasive, binder, and pore" three-element matching technology is the main technical route for improving the performance of abrasive tools in the past few decades, but this technical route has not yet solved the major technical problems in the grinding and machining of difficult-to-machine materials. For machining of different difficult-to-machine materials, various attempts have been made, such as superposition of ultrasonic assisted grinding technology, composite abrasive wheel technology, and intelligent control technology in the grinding process on the basis of traditional grinding technology, which have achieved certain results, but there are still some difficulties and challenges, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high linear speed, high precision, and high quality machining. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an ultrahard abrasive tool for difficult-to-machine materials and a grinding process, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present application to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] The application discloses a superhard abrasive tool for hard-to-machine materials, which comprises a base, a pressing plate and a plurality of abrasive pieces, wherein the base is in a ring structure, the plurality of abrasive pieces are distributed along the circumference of the base and are spliced into a ring structure, and a radial water channel is formed between two abrasive pieces; the pressing plate is in a ring structure and is fixedly installed at one end of the base to tightly press the plurality of abrasive pieces; a mixed cooling channel for passing in grinding liquid and / or cooling liquid is formed between the pressing plate and the base, a liquid inlet is formed between one end of the pressing plate and one end of the base and is communicated with the mixed cooling channel, and the plurality of water channels are respectively communicated with the mixed cooling channel; each abrasive piece comprises a plurality of abrasives, and the thickness h of each abrasive piece and the particle size b of the abrasives satisfy the following relationship:

[0007] b≤h<2b;

[0008] That is, the circumferential direction of any point on the working surface of the abrasive piece cannot accommodate two abrasives with the same exposed height and the same particle size.

[0009] Wherein, the thickness h of each abrasive piece and the particle size b of the abrasives are respectively in units of dmm.

[0010] The application has the beneficial effects that during assembly, the driving end of a driving member such as a motor extends into the center of the base and is fixedly connected;

[0011] During machining, the base and the working layer formed by the pressing plate and the plurality of abrasive pieces are driven to rotate by the driving member to perform grinding processing on a workpiece.

[0012] During the process, the cooling liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel from the liquid inlet in a manner that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and the cooling liquid reaches the working surface of the tool through the plurality of water channels for cooling.

[0013] Meanwhile, the grinding liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel from the liquid inlet, and the grinding liquid reaches the grinding area of the tool through the plurality of water channels to grind the workpiece to be machined and the plurality of abrasive pieces, so that the efficiency and quality of workpiece grinding are ensured.

[0014] The application has the advantages of reasonable design, simple process, and the like, and can superimpose auxiliary means according to the particularity of different hard-to-machine materials to improve the grinding efficiency and grinding quality.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical scheme, the application can be further improved as follows.

[0016] Further, the plurality of abrasive pieces are respectively distributed along the circumference of the base, and one end of each abrasive piece is recessed into the inner side of the base to form an annular step; and the outer side of the pressing plate tightly presses the annular step.

[0017] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure is simple and reasonable in design, the annular structure formed by the plurality of grinding pieces is distributed on the circumferential surface of the base body, and the entire grinding tool performs grinding on the workpiece through the working layer of the circumferential surface in the rotating process, so that the grinding is convenient.

[0018] Further, the opposite sides of the two adjacent grinding pieces are recessed inward to form the water channels, and the two sides of one of the grinding pieces are wavy and form the water channels with the adjacent grinding piece.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure of the grinding piece is reasonable in design, the water channels are formed for the liquid to pass through, the cooling and grinding effects are achieved, the wavy design of the grinding piece can play a supporting role, the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer are increased, the service life of the grinding piece is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

[0020] Further, the plurality of grinding pieces are located at the edge of one end of the base body, and the pressing plate tightly presses the inner side of the edge of one end of the plurality of grinding pieces.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure is simple and reasonable in design, the annular structure formed by the plurality of grinding pieces is distributed on the edge of one end of the base body, and the entire grinding tool performs grinding on the workpiece through the working layer of the end surface in the rotating process, so that the grinding is convenient.

[0022] Further, a plurality of blades are fixedly installed on the base body in a circumferential direction corresponding to the position in the mixed cooling channel, the plurality of blades are respectively perpendicular to the base body, and extend along the radial direction of the base body.

[0023] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure is simple and reasonable in design, and the radial arrangement of the plurality of blades can accelerate the liquid to a certain extent, so that better cooling and grinding effects are achieved.

[0024] Further, a base body two is also fixedly installed on the base body one, the outer side of the base body two extends to the outer side of the base body one and wraps the circumference of the base body one, and the pressing plate is located between the base body one and the base body two.

[0025] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure is simple and reasonable in design, and the base body two can further increase the stability of the entire grinding tool assembly.

[0026] Further, the plurality of grinding pieces are in pairs, the water channels with the inner side and the open end and the closed outer side are formed between the two grinding pieces in each group, and the water channels with the inner side, the outer side, and the open end are formed between the two adjacent groups of grinding pieces.

[0027] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the structure is simple and reasonable in design, the multiple grinding pieces are used to form different structures of the water channels, the time of the liquid in the grinding area and the working surface is prolonged, the cooling and grinding effects are further improved, and the grinding quality of the workpiece is ensured.

[0028] Further, multiple bosses are uniformly and evenly fixed and installed on each side of each grinding piece, and each boss is attached to the corresponding side of the corresponding grinding piece.

[0029] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the multiple bosses are reasonably designed to increase the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer, prolong the service life of each grinding piece, reduce the cost, and will not affect the flow of the liquid.

[0030] Further, each boss is in a circular truncated cone structure.

[0031] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the boss structure is reasonably designed, which can meet the requirements of increasing the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer, prolonging the service life of each grinding piece, and reducing the cost.

[0032] The present application also relates to a grinding process using the superhard material grinding tool for difficult-to-machine materials as described above, which comprises the following specific steps:

[0033] The cooling liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel through the liquid inlet, and the cooling liquid reaches the working surface of the grinding tool through the multiple water channels for cooling;

[0034] At the same time, the grinding liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel through the liquid inlet, and the grinding liquid reaches the grinding area of the grinding tool through the multiple water channels to grind the workpiece to be machined and the multiple grinding pieces.

[0035] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the present application also provides a grinding process, which is reasonable in design, simple in process, and can add auxiliary means according to the particularity of different difficult-to-grind materials to improve the grinding efficiency and grinding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 It is a sectional view in the direction of A-A in the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a front view of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a sectional view in the direction of C-C in the present application; Figure 3 ​

[0040] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of D;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent grinding discs in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a front view of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of E in the middle;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a partial planar structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Sectional view along the FF direction;

[0050] Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged view of G in the middle;

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent grinding discs in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the thickness of the grinding disc in this invention is equal to the particle size of a single abrasive grain;

[0053] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the thickness of the grinding disc in this invention is equal to the particle size of the abrasive aggregate.

[0054] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0055] 1. Matrix 1; 2. Pressure plate; 3. Grinding disc; 4. Water channel; 5. Mixing and cooling channel; 6. Annular step; 7. Blade; 8. Matrix 2; 9. Boss. Detailed Implementation

[0056] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0057] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" and the like can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0060] Embodiment 1

[0061] As Figures 1 to 18 shown, the present embodiment provides a superhard abrasive tool for difficult-to-machine materials, which comprises a base body 1, a pressing plate 2 and a plurality of abrasive segments 3, the base body 1 is in a ring structure, a plurality of the abrasive segments 3 are distributed along the circumference of the base body 1 and spliced into a ring structure, and a radial water channel 4 is formed between two of the abrasive segments 3; the pressing plate 2 is in a ring structure, which is fixedly installed at one end of the base body 1 and used for tightly pressing the plurality of the abrasive segments 3; a mixed cooling channel 5 for passing in grinding liquid and / or cooling liquid is formed between the pressing plate 2 and the base body 1, a liquid inlet in communication with the mixed cooling channel 5 is formed between one end of the pressing plate 2 and one end of the base body 1, and a plurality of the water channels 4 are respectively in communication with the mixed cooling channel 5;

[0062] Each of the grinding pieces 3 comprises a plurality of abrasive grains, and the thickness h of each of the grinding pieces 3 and the particle size b of the abrasive grains satisfy the following relationship:

[0063] b≤h<2b;

[0064] wherein the thickness h of each of the grinding pieces 3 and the particle size b of the abrasive grains are in units of dmm.

[0065] It should be noted that the above formula is applicable to the grinding wheel with a size of dmm or more, i.e. the grinding wheel with a dmm level of coarse abrasive.

[0066] In addition, in the process of manufacturing each grinding piece 3, the plurality of abrasive grains are bonded together by a bonding agent to form the grinding piece 3 (prior art).

[0067] During assembly, the driving end of the driving member such as a motor extends into the center of the base body one 1 and is fixedly connected;

[0068] During processing, the base body one 1 and the working layer formed by the pressing plate 2 and the plurality of grinding pieces 3 are driven to rotate by the driving member to perform grinding processing on the workpiece.

[0069] In this process, the cooling liquid is fed into the mixed cooling channel 5 through the liquid inlet in a manner that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and the cooling liquid reaches the working surface of the grinding tool through the plurality of water channels 4 for cooling.

[0070] At the same time, the grinding liquid is fed into the mixed cooling channel 5 through the liquid inlet, and the grinding liquid reaches the grinding area of the grinding tool through the plurality of water channels 4 to grind the workpiece to be processed and the plurality of grinding pieces 3, which is designed reasonably to ensure the efficiency and quality of the workpiece grinding.

[0071] Preferably, in the embodiment, a protrusion extends at the center of one end of the base body one 1, and the protrusion, the base body one 1 and the pressing plate 2 enclose the mixed cooling channel 5.

[0072] In addition, each grinding piece 3 preferably has a sheet structure.

[0073] The embodiment is designed reasonably and has a simple process, and can add auxiliary means according to the particularity of different difficult-to-grind materials to improve the grinding efficiency and grinding quality.

[0074] Based on the above scheme, on the one hand, a cooling liquid supply device is used to supply the cooling liquid to the inner diameter of the grinding wheel through the water channel, and the cooling liquid enters the water channel from the small diameter to the large diameter direction under the action of centrifugal force. The water channel and the grinding area (i.e. the grinding area where the workpiece and the grinding wheel contact) are communicated, and the cooling liquid is input to the grinding area to cool the workpiece surface, abrasive grains and bonding agent in the grinding area in an internal cooling mode.

[0075] On the other hand, the grinding liquid is supplied by a supply device through the same channel and path as the cooling liquid to the grinding area, the abrasive in the grinding liquid is in a free state, and can be driven by the grinding wheel teeth to grind the working surface of the grinding wheel (i.e. the binder surface, the exposed abrasive surface) and the workpiece grinding surface; at the same time, the abrasive in the free state also has the effect of flushing the workpiece grinding surface and the grinding wheel surface under the action of centrifugal force; the above-mentioned abrasive can realize the acceleration of the consumption of the binder to improve the self-sharpening of the grinding wheel, eliminate the adhesion on the workpiece, the binder and the exposed abrasive in the grinding area, and eliminate the oxide film formed on the workpiece grinding surface.

[0076] The basic grinding liquid is composed of water and ordinary abrasive, and the particle size of the ordinary abrasive is smaller than that of the abrasive of the grinding wheel, so as to avoid scratching the surface of the workpiece.

[0077] The special grinding liquid is composed of a liquid with chemical properties and abrasive uniformly mixed, which is beneficial to the chemical and grinding double treatment of the parts to be processed by utilizing the chemical action of the chemical liquid.

[0078] The abrasive in the grinding liquid can grind the working surface of the grinding wheel (i.e. the binder surface, the exposed abrasive surface) and the workpiece grinding surface, so as to accelerate the consumption of the binder and realize the good self-sharpening of the grinding wheel. This technical means can select a binder with high holding force, which can not only improve the utilization rate of the abrasive, but also eliminate the adhesion on the workpiece, the binder and the exposed abrasive in the grinding area, and the oxide film formed on the workpiece grinding surface.

[0079] Embodiment 2

[0080] On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, a plurality of grinding pieces 3 are distributed on the circumference of the base body 1, and one end of each grinding piece 3 is recessed to form an annular step 6 near the inner side of the base body 1; the outer side of the pressing plate 2 is tightly pressed against the annular step 6.

[0081] The scheme has simple structure and reasonable design, and the annular structure formed by the plurality of grinding pieces 3 is distributed on the circumferential surface of the base body 1. The entire grinding tool performs grinding processing on the workpiece through the working layer on the circumferential surface during rotation, and the grinding is convenient.

[0082] Based on the above scheme, the annular working layer formed by the plurality of grinding pieces 3 is wrapped on the circumferential surface of the base body 1.

[0083] In order to form the above-mentioned annular step 6, each grinding piece 3 has a sheet structure with a thick outer side and a thin inner side, and the inner side of each grinding piece 3 is lapped on the edge of one end surface of the base body 1 and is tightly pressed by the pressing plate 2, and the outer side of each grinding piece 3 extends to the outside of the circumference of the base body 1.

[0084] Embodiment 3

[0085] In this embodiment, based on embodiment 2, the opposite sides of two adjacent grinding pieces 3 are recessed to form the water channels 4 near the inner sides, and the sides of one of the grinding pieces 3 near the outer sides are wavy and form the water channels 4 with the adjacent grinding piece 3.

[0086] The grinding piece 3 has a reasonable structure design, which can form the water channels 4 for liquid to pass through, achieve the effect of cooling and grinding, and the wavy design of the grinding piece 3 can also play a supporting role, increase the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer, prolong the service life of the grinding piece, and reduce the cost.

[0087] Based on the above scheme, among the plurality of grinding pieces 3, the sides of part of the grinding pieces 3 are respectively planar, the sides of the remaining grinding pieces 3 are respectively wavy, and the plurality of grinding pieces 3 with planar sides and the plurality of grinding pieces 3 with wavy sides are alternately and spacedly distributed, which is reasonable, can ensure the smoothness of the plurality of water channels 4, and also can ensure the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer.

[0088] Embodiment 4

[0089] In this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, as shown in the figure, the plurality of grinding pieces 3 are located at the edge of one end of the base body 1, and the pressing plate 2 is tightly pressed against the inner side of the edge of one end of the plurality of grinding pieces 3. Figures 9 to 16 This scheme has a simple structure and a reasonable design. The annular structure formed by the plurality of grinding pieces 3 is distributed on the edge of one end of the base body 1, and the entire grinding tool performs grinding processing on the workpiece through the working layer of the end face in the process of rotation, which is convenient for grinding.

[0090] Based on the above scheme, the working layer formed by the plurality of grinding pieces 3 is distributed on the end face of one end of the base body 1, and the outer circumference of the working layer is flush with the outer circumference of the base body 1.

[0091] Embodiment 5

[0092] In this embodiment, based on embodiment 4, the base body 1 is uniformly and spacedly fixedly installed with a plurality of blades 7 corresponding to the position inside the mixed cooling channel 5 along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of blades 7 are respectively perpendicular to the base body 1 and respectively extend along the radial direction of the base body 1.

[0093] This scheme has a simple structure and a reasonable design. The radial arrangement of the plurality of blades 7 can accelerate the liquid to a certain extent, achieve better flushing and cooling, and improve the grinding effect.

[0094] Embodiment 6

[0095]

[0096] ​In any one of Embodiment 4 to Embodiment 5, the base one 1 is further fixedly installed with a base two 8, the outer side of the base two 8 extends to the outer side of the base one 1 and wraps the circumference of the base one 1, and the pressing plate 2 is located between the base one 1 and the base two 8.

[0097] The scheme has simple structure and reasonable design, and the stability of the entire grinding tool assembly can be further increased by the base two 8.

[0098] Embodiment 7

[0099] In any one of Embodiment 4 to Embodiment 6, the plurality of grinding pieces 3 are two by two as a group, the two grinding pieces 3 in each group form the water channel 4 which is open at one end and closed at the outer side, and the two groups of adjacent grinding pieces 3 form the water channel 4 which is open at one end, at the inner side and at the outer side.

[0100] The scheme has simple structure and reasonable design, and the stability of the entire grinding tool assembly can be further increased by the base two 8.

[0101] Embodiment 8

[0102] In any one of Embodiment 4 to Embodiment 7, a plurality of bosses 9 are uniformly and fixedly installed on each side of each grinding piece 3, and each boss 9 is attached to the corresponding side of the corresponding grinding piece 3.

[0103] The plurality of bosses 9 have reasonable design and can increase the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer, prolong the service life of each grinding piece 3, reduce the cost, and will not affect the flow of the liquid.

[0104] Based on the above scheme, the plurality of bosses 9 on each grinding piece 3 can be reasonably distributed according to requirements.

[0105] Embodiment 9

[0106] In Embodiment 8, each boss 9 has a circular truncated cone structure.

[0107] The structure of the above-mentioned boss 9 is reasonable in design, easy to manufacture, and can meet the requirements of increasing the rigidity and strength of the entire working layer, prolonging the service life of each grinding piece, and reducing the cost.

[0108] Preferably, in the present embodiment, the bosses 9 on the adjacent two grinding pieces 3 can be distributed two by two in opposition, at this time, the opposite ends of each pair of bosses 9 abut, thereby reducing the height of the boss and facilitating manufacturing.

[0109] The grinding wheel of the functional structured technology, the circumferential thin sheet tooth type grinding ring, the teeth and the tooth circumferential gap are left to form the water passing / chip removal shared groove, which is beneficial to the cooling liquid to flow from the inner diameter, small diameter to the large diameter under the action of centrifugal force to realize internal cooling, and is beneficial to the powder chip to quickly separate from the grinding area (i.e. the area where the grinding wheel and the workpiece contact) under the action of centrifugal force to reduce the friction heat of the powder chip, thereby reducing the thermal influence on the abrasive and the workpiece, and the above conditions constitute the conditions for adopting high linear speed grinding to reduce the cutting amount, thereby improving the forming conditions of the workpiece adhering to the abrasive to reduce the grinding resistance, and ensuring the precision and surface roughness of the workpiece grinding surface.

[0110] If the split type circumferential thin sheet tooth grinding wheel is adopted, the theoretical limit value of the circumferential thickness h is equal to the maximum particle size in the selected abrasive particle size number (see Figure 17 ), that is, there is at most one abrasive in the circumferential thickness h direction of any point on the grinding surface of each grinding sheet, and there is no other abrasive to block the movement and discharge of the powder chip in the circumferential direction at the point, which greatly eliminates the circumferential space required for the powder chip to block on the surface of the grinding wheel, and most of the space is replaced by the water passing groove. The powder chip, especially the non-powder chip, can be discharged to the water passing / chip removal groove under the action of the circumferential force, thereby reducing the friction heat generated by the powder chip, and realizing the functions of grinding, cooling and chip removal at the same time during grinding of the grinding wheel. For fine abrasives (referring to micron μm level fine abrasives), a pellet mode (see Figure 18 ) can be adopted, and the theoretical limit value of the circumferential thickness h of the thin sheet tooth is equal to the diameter of the selected pellet, that is, there is at most one pellet in the circumferential thickness h direction of any point on the grinding surface of each grinding sheet, and there is no other pellet to block the movement and discharge of the powder chip in the circumferential direction at the point.

[0111] The actual selection of the thickness of the grinding sheet is inclined to be thin first on the premise of being able to be realized, meeting the strength and being economical, and the rigidity of the grinding sheet split grinding ring can be met through the interaction of the grinding sheet support structure.

[0112] Taking the grinding sheet 3 made of diamond as an example, when the thickness of the grinding sheet 3 is equal to the single particle abrasive particle size (see Figure 17 ), at this time, the thicknesses satisfy the following relationship:

[0113] h≥b, b1≤b, h=2b-b1;

[0114] Wherein, h is the thickness of the grinding sheet 3, b is the diamond particle size, and b1 is the overlapping amount of the arranged diamond particle size.

[0115] When the thickness of the grinding sheet is equal to the abrasive pellet size (see Figure 18 ), at this time, the thicknesses satisfy the following relationship:

[0116] H≥d, d1≤d, H=2d-d1;

[0117] Wherein, H is the thickness of the grinding piece 3, d is the diameter of the diamond cluster, and d1 is the diameter of the diamond cluster.

[0118] It should be noted that the above formula can be applied to the grinding wheel with micron size and below micron size, i.e. suitable for micron level fine abrasive grinding wheel.

[0119] With the advancement of manufacturing technology, the thin sheet tooth with rigidity and strength tends to be thinner, which can be closer to the particle size of the abrasive, even if it cannot meet the theoretical optimal value of the mechanism, the thickness h of the thin sheet tooth is moderately increased, the concentration in the L and L1 directions is increased as much as possible, and the concentration in the thickness h circumferential direction is reduced as much as possible by manufacturing process means, and the manufactured grinding wheel can also have a significant improvement effect than the prior art.

[0120] Wherein, L is the length of the flat grinding piece, and L1 is the length of the wavy grinding piece.

[0121] With the above conditions, the grinding surface dense inner cooling structure can prevent the airflow barrier from atomizing the cooling liquid, and form a limit type close-range and instant beam state high-efficiency cooling for the abrasive, binder and workpiece.

[0122] With the above conditions, the structure with instantaneous chip removal function, the circumferential dense water passage / chip removal groove, the powder chip slides into the water passage / chip removal groove instantaneously, and the abrasive exposure height is greater than the cutting depth, so that finer abrasive can be selected; finer abrasive has high relative strength, small cutting area during grinding, and high pressure of abrasive, which is beneficial to grinding of high-hardness difficult-to-machine materials and improves grinding efficiency; finer abrasive is beneficial to micro-machining and reduces surface stress of the workpiece; finer abrasive has small surface area and small binder action area, which is easy to hold and process self-sharpening; finer abrasive has small powder chip adhesion and low adhesion firmness, which is easy to clean.

[0123] With the above conditions, the pores in the binder are eliminated or reduced, which is beneficial to the realization of high rotation strength, so that the grinding tool meets the conditions of high linear speed and high-precision micro-grinding; the reduction of the multiple function requirements of the binder is beneficial to the establishment of the binder holding capacity adaptation degree, and the improvement and stability of the self-sharpening of the grinding wheel.

[0124] Example 10

[0125] On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiment also provides a grinding process of the superhard material grinding tool for difficult-to-machine materials as described above, which includes the following specific steps:

[0126] The cooling liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel 5 through the liquid inlet, and the cooling liquid reaches the working surface of the grinding tool through the multiple water passage grooves 4 for cooling;

[0127] At the same time, the grinding liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel 5 through the liquid inlet, and the grinding liquid reaches the grinding area of the grinding tool through the plurality of water channels 4 to grind the workpiece to be processed and the plurality of grinding pieces 3.

[0128] The embodiment also provides a grinding process, which is reasonable in design, simple in process, and capable of improving grinding efficiency and grinding quality by adding auxiliary means according to the particularity of different difficult-to-grind materials.

[0129] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0130] During the machining process, the base body one 1 and the working layer formed by the pressing plate 2 and the plurality of grinding pieces 3 are driven to rotate by the driving member, so as to grind the workpiece.

[0131] During the process, the cooling liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel 5 by means of any method that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and the cooling liquid reaches the working surface of the grinding tool through the plurality of water channels 4 to cool the working surface.

[0132] At the same time, the grinding liquid is sent into the mixed cooling channel 5 through the liquid inlet, and the grinding liquid reaches the grinding area of the grinding tool through the plurality of water channels 4 to grind the workpiece to be processed and the plurality of grinding pieces 3, so that the grinding process is reasonable in design and ensures the grinding efficiency and quality of the workpiece.

[0133] The present application takes the functional structural technology of the grinding tool, i.e., the matching technology of the two elements of 'grinding material and binder' and 'functional structure', as the basis, adds auxiliary means according to the particularity of different difficult-to-grind materials, and improves the grinding efficiency and grinding quality.

[0134] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0135] The impregnated grinding wheel suitable for various binders can greatly reduce the research and development difficulty of the multifunctionalization of the binder material; the dense internal cooling structure of the grinding wheel grinding surface forms micro intermittent grinding, which is beneficial to the high linear speed grinding process; the structure of the circumferential thin sheet teeth greatly eliminates the circumferential space required for the powder dust to block the surface of the grinding wheel (most of the space is replaced by the water channel) and has a circumferential instant dust removal structure (i.e., the water passage / dust removal groove), which facilitates the discharge of the powder dust, especially the non-powder dust, reduces the friction heat generated by the powder dust, and greatly reduces the situation that the powder dust blocks the wheel and adheres to the grinding material.

[0136] If the grinding wheel is spliced by the spliced thin sheet teeth, it is beneficial to realize the ordered arrangement structure, i.e., it is easy to realize that the concentration in the L direction or the linear length L1 direction of the thin sheet teeth is higher than the concentration in the thickness direction, to achieve the effect that the grinding wheel is not easy to block and meets the overall concentration requirement of the grinding wheel, and to ensure the service life of the grinding wheel.

[0137] If the split thin sheet tooth split grinding wheel is adopted, it is beneficial to the application of the existing technologies such as anti-deformation structure, automatic frequency vibration type grinding structure, automatic mesh surface structure formation and composite structure multifunction, so that the micro-nano abrasive bonded abrasive tool is easy to replace the free grinding application.

[0138] If the split thin sheet tooth split grinding wheel is adopted, it is suitable for the grinding wheels of end face working type, peripheral surface working type and composite surface working type.

[0139] The adhesion of the adhesion on the workpiece in the grinding area, the binder and the exposed abrasive and the oxide film formed on the workpiece grinding surface can be eliminated by using the grinding fluid auxiliary processing.

[0140] By using the grinding fluid auxiliary processing, the intelligent control system can be used to control the grinding fluid supply amount, and then the wear rate of the binder is controlled, and the self-sharpening of the grinding wheel is improved.

[0141] If the split thin sheet tooth split grinding wheel is adopted, the manufacturing process is easy to change the difficult into easy and the complex into simple, and is suitable for automation and intelligent construction, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.

[0142] It should be noted that the arrows in the drawings only refer to the flow direction of the liquid and have no other substantial meaning.

[0143] In addition, before processing, the processing technology needs to be formulated according to the material characteristics of the workpiece, the appropriate parameters and the appropriate grinding wheel are selected, 2, the cooling liquid is selected, and 3, the liquid of the grinding fluid and the parameters of the abrasive are selected.

[0144] It is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0145] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, each embodiment does not contain only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be properly combined to form other embodiments which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0146] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A superhard abrasive tool for difficult-to-machine materials, characterized in that: The device includes a base (1), a pressure plate (2), and multiple grinding discs (3). The base (1) has a ring structure, and the multiple grinding discs (3) are distributed along the circumference of the base (1) and spliced ​​into a ring structure. A radially penetrating water channel (4) is formed between two grinding discs (3). The pressure plate (2) has a ring structure and is fixedly installed at one end of the base (1) to press the multiple grinding discs (3) tightly. A mixed cooling channel (5) for introducing grinding fluid and / or coolant is formed between the pressure plate (2) and the base (1). A liquid inlet communicating with the mixed cooling channel (5) is formed between one end of the pressure plate (2) and one end of the base (1). The multiple water channels (4) are respectively connected to the mixed cooling channel (5). Each of the grinding discs (3) comprises multiple abrasive grains, and the circumferential thickness h of each grinding disc (3) and the grain size b of the abrasive grains satisfy the following relationship: b≤h<2b; The thickness h of each grinding disc (3) and the particle size b of the abrasive are respectively in dmm.

2. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple grinding discs (3) are distributed around the circumference of the substrate (1), with one end of each disc having an indentation near its inner side to form an annular step (6); the outer side of the pressure plate (2) presses against the annular step (6).

3. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water passage groove (4) is formed by the recessed portion of the opposite sides of two adjacent grinding plates (3) near their inner sides, and the portion of the two sides of one of the grinding plates (3) near its outer sides is wavy and forms the water passage groove (4) between the adjacent grinding plates (3).

4. The superhard material abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple grinding discs (3) are located at the edge of one end of the substrate (1), and the pressure plate (2) presses against the inner side of the edge of one end of the multiple grinding discs (3).

5. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The substrate (1) is provided with a plurality of blades (7) that are evenly spaced along its circumference in the part corresponding to the mixing cooling channel (5). The plurality of blades (7) are respectively arranged perpendicular to the substrate (1) and extend radially along the substrate (1).

6. The superhard material abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second base (8) is also fixedly installed on the first base (1). The outer side of the second base (8) extends to the outer side of the first base (1) and wraps around the circumference of the first base (1). The pressure plate (2) is located between the first base (1) and the second base (8).

7. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple grinding discs (3) are grouped in pairs, and a water channel (4) with an open inner side and one end and closed outer side is formed between two grinding discs (3) in each group, and a water channel (4) with an open inner side, an open outer side and one end is formed between two adjacent groups of grinding discs (3).

8. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that: Each of the grinding discs (3) has a plurality of bosses (9) fixedly installed at even intervals on both sides, and each boss (9) is in contact with the corresponding side of the grinding disc (3).

9. The superhard abrasive for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each of the aforementioned bosses (9) has a frustum-shaped structure.

10. A grinding process using superhard material abrasives for difficult-to-machine materials as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: Coolant is fed into the mixing and cooling channel (5) through the liquid inlet, and the coolant reaches the working surface of the mold through multiple water channels (4) for cooling. At the same time, grinding fluid is fed into the mixing cooling channel (5) through the liquid inlet. The grinding fluid reaches the grinding area of ​​the grinding wheel through multiple water channels (4) to grind the workpiece to be processed and multiple grinding discs (3).

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