A tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of combustion device structure, and in particular, relates to an exhaust gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte. The present invention arranges a carbonization furnace connecting pipe, a burner, an induced draft fan, a smoke detector, a ventilation pipe, a bent connecting pipe, a smoke water cooling box unit, an outer water cooling cover unit, and a bent exhaust pipe on a refractory combustion box unit, so that: 1. The cooling structure that the smoke detector originally needs to be additionally equipped with is omitted, that is, the smoke water cooling step is advanced, and the cooling operation of the smoke water cooling box unit can not only meet the temperature requirements of subsequent bag dust removal and alkali solution absorption operations, but also ensure that the smoke detection operation can be effectively carried out; 2. The smoke water cooling box unit is matched with the outer water cooling cover unit to ensure that all burners can obtain indirect water cooling and cooling effects to avoid overheating and damage to the burner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion device structures, and in particular relates to a tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte. Background Art

[0002] The main components of lithium-ion batteries include: positive and negative electrode powder, steel shell, copper and aluminum, electrolyte, binder and diaphragm plastic.

[0003] One of the common recycling methods for waste lithium-ion batteries includes the following steps:

[0004] First, discharge of used lithium-ion batteries;

[0005] Second, physical crushing of waste lithium-ion batteries;

[0006] Third, all the crushed materials are sent to the carbonization furnace, where the diaphragm plastic is carbonized, the electrolyte is pyrolyzed and gasified, and the adhesive is gasified;

[0007] Fourth, the flue gas after carbonization is treated harmlessly, and the solid material obtained in the carbonization furnace is reprocessed to finally obtain relatively pure copper, aluminum and black powder. At this point, the entire recycling and treatment method is basically completed.

[0008] For example, a Chinese invention patent with a publication number of CN115939563A and a publication date of April 7, 2023, discloses a method for carbonizing waste lithium batteries, which includes the following steps: preheating a carbonization furnace; sending the disassembled waste batteries into the preheated carbonization furnace, where the lithium batteries discharge and explode and are carbonized. Inside the carbonization furnace, the electrolyte evaporates rapidly, the diaphragm is also carbonized, and the volatile harmful gases generated at high temperature can be collected and treated.

[0009] Therefore, correspondingly, it is necessary to connect the exhaust gas combustion device to the rear end of the carbonization furnace, and even to connect a cooler, dust collection bag, and alkaline solution absorption tower to the rear end of the exhaust gas combustion device, in order to achieve a higher standard of harmless treatment of waste lithium-ion battery electrolyte.

[0010] Among them, the existing tail gas combustion device mentioned above mainly includes a burner and a combustion pipeline. For example, the Chinese utility model patent with patent announcement number CN211551643U and announcement date 2020.09.22 discloses a high combustion rate carbonization furnace tail gas incinerator, including: a furnace body, refractory bricks built on the furnace body, an S-bend combustion tunnel formed by refractory bricks, an exhaust gas inlet for the tail gas of the carbonization furnace, an air through hole outside the furnace body passing through the combustion tunnel, a burner installed outside the furnace body passing through the combustion tunnel, an exhaust pipe connected to the combustion tunnel outside the furnace body, and an induced draft fan installed on the exhaust pipe.

[0011] The tail gas incinerator in this utility model patent has the advantages of relatively large combustion space and sufficient combustion degree.

[0012] However, in actual use, the tail gas incinerator still has at least the following two shortcomings, which are also the technical problems to be solved by the present invention, namely:

[0013] First, in order for the smoke detection sensor structure to be used normally, a cooling water tank has to be set up separately to ensure that the smoke temperature is not too high. However, the incinerator will generally be equipped with a cooling structure later, which makes the entire carbonization furnace tail gas treatment structure have multiple water cooling systems, which is relatively inefficient.

[0014] Second, the burner structure lacks the necessary cooling function. Generally, the maximum suitable working environment temperature of the burner is 70°C. If the temperature exceeds this, the effective life of the burner's own sensors, circuits, etc. will be greatly reduced.

[0015] Therefore, in summary, there is an urgent need for a new tail gas combustion device in which a water cooling system can be efficiently integrated and a burner can also be equipped with a cooling function, so as to be used in the harmless treatment of waste electrolyte carbonization furnaces. Summary of the invention

[0016] The present invention provides an exhaust gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte, which can be arranged on a refractory combustion box unit by a carbonization furnace connecting pipe, a burner, an induced draft fan, a smoke detector, a ventilation pipe, a bent connecting pipe, a smoke water cooling box unit, an outer water cooling cover unit, and a bent exhaust pipe, so that: 1. The cooling structure that the smoke detector originally needs to be additionally equipped with is omitted, that is, the smoke water cooling step is advanced, and the cooling operation of the smoke water cooling box unit can not only meet the temperature requirements of subsequent bag dust removal and alkali solution absorption operations, but also ensure that the smoke detection operation can be effectively carried out; 2. The smoke water cooling box unit is matched with the outer water cooling cover unit to ensure that all burners can obtain an indirect water cooling effect to avoid overheating and damage to the burner.

[0017] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problem is: an exhaust gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte, the structure of which includes a carbonization furnace connecting pipe, a burner, an induced draft fan, a smoke detector, and a ventilation pipe, and also includes a refractory combustion box unit for installing the carbonization furnace connecting pipe and the burner, a bent connecting pipe arranged on the refractory combustion box unit and provided with the induced draft fan, a smoke water cooling box unit arranged on the bent connecting pipe, an outer water cooling cover unit arranged on the smoke gas water cooling box unit and using water falling from the upper surface of the smoke gas water cooling box unit and used for cooling the burner, and a bent air outlet pipe arranged on the smoke gas water cooling box unit and provided with the induced draft fan and the smoke detector.

[0018] A further preferred technical solution is that the refractory combustion box unit includes a rectangular box provided with the carbonization furnace connecting pipe, burner and ventilation pipe, a partition arranged in the rectangular box and used to separate and form a horizontal reciprocating channel, and an air outlet arranged on the rectangular box and used to install the bent connecting pipe.

[0019] A further preferred technical solution is that the air outlet and the burner are respectively arranged on two adjacent side panels of the rectangular box.

[0020] A further preferred technical solution is that the flue gas water cooling box unit includes a front end plate arranged on the bent connecting pipe, a rear end plate provided with the bent air outlet pipe, an open bottom plate arranged on the front end plate and the rear end plate, and a lower open box arranged on the open bottom plate and used for blocking smoke and receiving cooling water for flushing.

[0021] A further preferred technical solution is that the flue gas water-cooled box unit also includes a high-position plate arranged on the front end plate and the rear end plate and located at both sides respectively, and a low-position plate for installing the outer water-cooled cover unit, and an inclined plate arranged on the high-position plate and the low-position plate and used to guide the cooling water to the outer water-cooled cover unit.

[0022] A further preferred technical solution is that the flue gas water cooling box unit also includes a groove arranged on the inclined plate and used to intercept the cooling water.

[0023] A further preferred technical solution is that the outer water-cooling cover unit includes a connecting plate arranged on the low-position plate, and an inverted U-shaped cover body arranged on the connecting plate, covering all the burners and used to receive water falling from the inclined plate.

[0024] A further preferred technical solution is that the connection plate and the top plate of the inverted U-shaped cover body are both inclined downwardly on a side away from the refractory combustion box unit.

[0025] A further preferred technical solution is that the outer water-cooled cover unit also includes an air outlet arranged on the side panel of the inverted U-shaped cover body close to the flue gas water-cooled box unit, and an air-cooling pipe arranged on the side panel of the inverted U-shaped cover body away from the flue gas water-cooled box unit.

[0026] A further preferred technical solution is that a side of the air outlet close to the flue gas water cooling box unit is inclined downward. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from a top view.

[0028] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the refractory combustion box unit in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the flue gas water cooling box unit in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the use method of the outer water cooling cover unit in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the position and shape of the groove in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the position and shape of the connecting plate in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the position and shape of the air outlet in the present invention.

[0034] In the figure, the meanings of the symbols are as follows:

[0035] Spray water body a upwards and spray water body b downwards;

[0036] Carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11, burner 12, induced draft fan 13, smoke detector 14, ventilation pipe 15;

[0037] Refractory combustion box unit 1, bent connecting pipe 2, flue gas water cooling box unit 3, outer water cooling cover unit 4, bent outlet pipe 5;

[0038] Rectangular box 101, partition 102, air outlet 103, front end plate 301, rear end plate 302, perforated bottom plate 303, lower opening box 304, high plate 305, low plate 306, inclined plate 307, groove 308, connecting plate 401, inverted U-shaped cover 402, air outlet 403, air cooling pipe 404. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] As attached Figure 1-7As shown, a tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte, the structure includes a carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11, a burner 12, an induced draft fan 13, a smoke detector 14, and a ventilation pipe 15, and also includes a refractory combustion box unit 1 for installing the carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11 and the burner 12, a bent connecting pipe 2 arranged on the refractory combustion box unit 1 and provided with the induced draft fan 13, a smoke water cooling box unit 3 arranged on the bent connecting pipe 2, an outer water cooling cover unit 4 arranged on the smoke gas water cooling box unit 3 and using water falling from the upper surface of the smoke gas water cooling box unit 3 to cool the burner 12, and a bent air outlet pipe 5 arranged on the smoke gas water cooling box unit 3 and provided with the induced draft fan 13 and the smoke gas detector 14.

[0041] In this embodiment, the upstream of the carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11 is a carbonization furnace for harmless treatment of waste lithium batteries. Waste electrolyte can be harmlessly treated in the carbonization furnace to generate flue gas that needs to be burned, dusted, absorbed by alkaline solution, etc. in sequence.

[0042] The burner 12, induced draft fan 13 and smoke detector 14 are all existing commercially available equipment, and the carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11, ventilation pipe 15, bent connecting pipe 2, and bent exhaust pipe 5 are all made of refractory materials.

[0043] In addition, water cooling facilities are provided on the upper and lower sides of the flue gas water cooling box unit 3, that is, water body a is sprayed upward to cool the flue gas, and water body b is sprayed downward to cool the flue gas first and then to cool the burner 12. Therefore, the amount of water sprayed downward by water body b is greater than that sprayed upward by water body a, ultimately ensuring that: 1. When the flue gas enters the dust removal bag, alkali solution absorption tower and other post-processing equipment, the temperature of the flue gas is appropriate; 2. The working environment temperature of the burner 12 does not exceed 70°C.

[0044] In addition, the upper surface height of the outer water-cooling cover unit 4 is lower than the upper surface height of the flue gas water-cooling box unit 3, so that the downward spraying water body b can again water-cool the outer water-cooling cover unit 4. In addition, the outer water-cooling cover unit 4 also needs to isolate the water body from the burner 12, and isolate the water body from the refractory combustion box unit 1, so as to avoid the burner 12 from short circuit and burning, and to avoid the refractory combustion box unit 1 from rapid cooling and cracking.

[0045] Finally, the ambient temperature of the smoke detector 14, i.e., the smoke temperature, is directly and substantially cooled by the smoke water cooling box unit 3, without the need to equip the smoke detector 14 itself with a dedicated water cooling structure, which is very clever.

[0046] The refractory combustion box unit 1 includes a rectangular box 101 provided with the carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11, the burner 12 and the ventilation pipe 15, a partition 102 arranged in the rectangular box 101 and used to separate and form a horizontal reciprocating channel, and an air outlet 103 arranged on the rectangular box 101 and used to install the bent connecting pipe 2.

[0047] In this embodiment, the rectangular box 101 is made of refractory castable material, and the partition 102 is made of refractory bricks.

[0048] The above-mentioned "lateral reciprocating channel" means that the fixed ends of all the upper and lower adjacent partitions 102 are all staggered left and right, for example, Figure 2 As shown, there are a total of four partitions 102, and the fixed ends thereof are “right, left, right, left”, which ultimately ensures that the passage time of the flue gas in the rectangular box 101 is extended as much as possible to ensure a sufficient combustion effect.

[0049] The air outlet 103 and the burner 12 are respectively disposed on two adjacent side panels of the rectangular box 101 .

[0050] In this embodiment, all of the burners 12 are arranged on a side panel at one end of the rectangular box 101, and all of the ventilation pipes 15 and the carbonization furnace connecting pipe 11 are arranged together on the other opposite side panel at the other end, and the "fire direction" of the burners 12 and the "air outlet direction" of the ventilation pipes 15 are all facing and opposite to the forward direction of the smoke.

[0051] The advantages of this positional relationship include:

[0052] First, the burners 12 can be centrally arranged to ensure that one outer water-cooling cover unit 4 can cool and protect all the burners 12;

[0053] Second, all the ventilation pipes 15 can relatively conveniently share one blowing device;

[0054] Third, the smoke passage resistance in the rectangular box 101 is increased to extend the effective combustion time of the smoke;

[0055] Fourth, as attached Figure 2 As shown, the burner 12 at the bottom can be effectively arranged, otherwise the place would be used to arrange the air outlet 103, and one burner 12 would be missing.

[0056] In addition, the shapes of the bent connecting pipe 2 and the bent air outlet pipe 5 are both L-shaped, in order to ensure that the induced draft fan 13 is effectively set up, because the rotation axis direction of the induced draft fan 13 needs to be parallel to the direction of smoke advance, so that the rotating blades of the induced draft fan 13 can effectively push the smoke.

[0057] The flue gas water cooling box unit 3 includes a front end plate 301 arranged on the bent connecting pipe 2, a rear end plate 302 provided with the bent air outlet pipe 5, an open bottom plate 303 arranged on the front end plate 301 and the rear end plate 302, and a lower open box 304 arranged on the open bottom plate 303 and used for blocking flue gas and receiving cooling water for flushing.

[0058] In this embodiment, the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 is only provided with openings at the bent connecting pipe 2 and the bent air outlet pipe 5, and the rest of the positions are closed in order to prevent the cooling water from entering the flue gas and prevent the flue gas from leaking.

[0059] Among them, the material of the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 is a stainless steel thin plate to ensure sufficient thermal conductivity and anti-rust effect, and the front and rear order of the front plate 301 and the rear plate 302 is the front contact and rear contact effect in the direction of flue gas forward, and both are rectangular in shape.

[0060] In addition, the plurality of lower opening boxes 304 are used to block all openings on the perforated bottom plate 303 to ensure that the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 is sufficiently sealed. A single lower opening box 304 includes a total of 5 plates, front, back, left, right and top, and has the following two functions:

[0061] First, expand the effective contact area between the flue gas and the upward spraying water body a, and improve the water cooling speed and degree of the flue gas;

[0062] Second, the advancing flue gas is blocked to prolong the passage time of the flue gas in the flue gas water cooling box unit 3, thereby indirectly improving the water cooling effect.

[0063] The flue gas water cooling box unit 3 also includes a high-position plate 305 arranged on the front plate 301 and the rear plate 302 and located at both sides respectively, and a low-position plate 306 for installing the outer water cooling cover unit 4, and an inclined plate 307 arranged on the high-position plate 305 and the low-position plate 306 and used to guide cooling water to the outer water cooling cover unit 4.

[0064] In this embodiment, the bottom edges of the front plate 301, the rear plate 302, the high plate 305 and the low plate 306 are flush, and the inclined plate 307 ensures that the water body b sprayed downward can also be used for a second cooling on the outer water cooling cover unit 4.

[0065] Of course, the four sides of the rectangular inclined plate 307 are also sealed and connected to prevent the downward spraying water body b from entering the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 and to prevent the flue gas from leaking at the flue gas water cooling box unit 3.

[0066] The flue gas water cooling box unit 3 further includes a groove 308 disposed on the inclined plate 307 and used for intercepting cooling water.

[0067] In this embodiment, the function of the groove 308 is to prolong the contact time between the downward spraying water body b and the smoke, and further improve the water cooling intensity.

[0068] The groove 308 has a linear structure and a semicircular vertical cross-section.

[0069] The outer water-cooling cover unit 4 includes a connecting plate 401 arranged on the low-position plate 306 , and an inverted U-shaped cover body 402 arranged on the connecting plate 401 , covering all the burners 12 and used for receiving water falling from the inclined plate 307 .

[0070] In this embodiment, the upper surface of the inverted U-shaped cover 402 and the vertical outer side surface close to the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 are effective water cooling areas, ensuring that the ambient temperature inside the inverted U-shaped cover 402, that is, the operating temperature of the burner 12 does not exceed 70°C.

[0071] The connection plate 401 and the top plate of the inverted U-shaped cover body 402 are both inclined downwardly at the side away from the fire-resistant combustion box unit 1 .

[0072] In this embodiment, the connecting plate 401 and the top plate of the inverted U-shaped cover 402 are both inclined to guide and drain water to prevent the downward spraying water b from splashing onto the rectangular box 101, otherwise the rectangular box 101 is prone to cracking due to rapid cooling.

[0073] The outer water-cooled cover unit 4 further includes an air outlet 403 arranged on a side plate of the inverted U-shaped cover body 402 close to the flue gas water-cooled box unit 3 , and an air-cooled pipe 404 arranged on a side plate of the inverted U-shaped cover body 402 away from the flue gas water-cooled box unit 3 .

[0074] In this embodiment, the outer water-cooling cover unit 4 has an internal air-cooling effect on the basis of the original outer surface water cooling, so as to further prevent the working environment temperature of the burner 12 from being too high.

[0075] In addition, the air outlet 403 is located close to the flue gas water cooling box unit 3, and the air cooling pipe 404 is located away from the flue gas water cooling box unit 3, which can also prevent the fan connected to the air cooling pipe 404 from short-circuiting and burning due to water inlet.

[0076] The side of the air outlet 403 close to the flue gas water cooling box unit 3 is inclined downward.

[0077] In this embodiment, the outer opening of the air outlet 403 is inclined downward, which can prevent water from easily entering the air outlet 403 and prevent the burner 12 from being damaged by water.

[0078] Finally, the "flue gas" mentioned above refers to the exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization furnace during the harmless treatment of waste electrolyte, while the exhaust gas generated by the combustion device itself is a relatively low-temperature gas in which a large amount of organic gas has been burned out and can be directly used for bag dust removal.

[0079] The organic gases include propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate.

[0080] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention. These are all non-creative modifications and are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte, comprising a carbonization furnace connecting pipe (11), a burner (12), an induced draft fan (13), a smoke detector (14), and a ventilation pipe (15), characterized in that: It also comprises a refractory combustion box unit (1) for installing the carbonization furnace connecting pipe (11) and the burner (12), a bent connecting pipe (2) arranged on the refractory combustion box unit (1) and provided with the induced draft fan (13), a flue gas water cooling box unit (3) arranged on the bent connecting pipe (2), an outer water cooling cover unit (4) arranged on the flue gas water cooling box unit (3) and using water falling from the upper surface of the flue gas water cooling box unit (3) to cool the burner (12), and a bent air outlet pipe (5) arranged on the flue gas water cooling box unit (3) and provided with the induced draft fan (13) and a smoke detector (14). The flue gas water cooling box unit (3) comprises a front end plate (301) arranged on the bent connecting pipe (2), a rear end plate (302) provided with the bent air outlet pipe (5), an open bottom plate (303) arranged on the front end plate (301) and the rear end plate (302), and a lower opening box (304) arranged on the open bottom plate (303) and used for blocking flue gas and receiving cooling water for flushing. The flue gas water cooling box unit (3) further comprises a high-position plate (305) arranged on the front plate (301) and the rear plate (302) and located at both sides thereof, a low-position plate (306) for mounting the outer water cooling cover unit (4), and an inclined plate (307) arranged on the high-position plate (305) and the low-position plate (306) and used for guiding cooling water to the outer water cooling cover unit (4). The outer water-cooling cover unit (4) comprises a connecting plate (401) arranged on the low-position plate (306), and an inverted U-shaped cover body (402) arranged on the connecting plate (401), covering all the burners (12) and used to receive water falling from the inclined plate (307). The connection plate (401) and the top plate of the inverted U-shaped cover body (402) are both inclined downwards on the side away from the refractory combustion box unit (1).

2. The tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractory combustion box unit (1) comprises a rectangular box (101) provided with the carbonization furnace connecting pipe (11), the burner (12) and the ventilation pipe (15), a partition (102) arranged in the rectangular box (101) and used to separate and form a transverse reciprocating channel, and an air outlet (103) arranged on the rectangular box (101) and used to install the bent connecting pipe (2).

3. The tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air outlet (103) and the burner (12) are respectively arranged on two adjacent side panels of the rectangular box (101).

4. The tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas water cooling box unit (3) further comprises a groove (308) arranged on the inclined plate (307) and used for intercepting cooling water.

5. The tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer water-cooling cover unit (4) further comprises an air outlet (403) arranged on a side panel of the inverted U-shaped cover body (402) close to the flue gas water-cooling box unit (3), and an air-cooling pipe (404) arranged on a side panel of the inverted U-shaped cover body (402) away from the flue gas water-cooling box unit (3).

6. The tail gas combustion device for harmless treatment of waste electrolyte according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side of the air outlet (403) close to the flue gas water cooling box unit (3) is inclined downward.

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