Phase shifter, antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a phase shifter. The phase shifter comprises a plurality of phase shifting units coupled in sequence. At least one of the plurality of phase shifting units comprises a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure. The first conductive structure comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line connected to the first transmission line, the second transmission line being configured as an inductive load. The second conductive structure comprises a third transmission line configured to form a capacitance with the first transmission line. The first transmission line, the third transmission line, and the capacitance constitute at least part of a phase shifting path of the phase shifter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of signal processing technology, and more particularly to a phase shifter, antenna, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] The phase-shift control technologies commonly used in the current communications field include digital baseband signal processing technology and phase shifter technology. Among them, phase shifter technology occupies most of the market for phase-controlled electronically scanned array antennas due to its low complexity and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a phase shifter, antenna, and electronic device to reduce the overall loss of the phase shifter.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, some embodiments of this disclosure provide the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, a phase shifter is provided. The phase shifter includes a plurality of phase-shifting units coupled sequentially. At least one of the plurality of phase-shifting units includes a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure. The first conductive structure includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line connected to the first transmission line, the second transmission line being configured as an inductive load. The second conductive structure includes a third transmission line, the third transmission line being configured to form a capacitor with the first transmission line. The first transmission line, the third transmission line, and the capacitor constitute at least a partial phase-shifting path of the phase shifter.

[0006] The phase shifter provided in this disclosure has the characteristic that the phase of the signal can be led by at least one phase shifting unit. When balancing the signal in the path connected to the phase shifter and the signal in the path not connected to the phase shifter, the delay line can be reduced or even omitted, which facilitates the amplitude and phase design of the phase control electronic scanning array and reduces the overall loss of the phase shifter.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first conductive structure includes two first transmission lines, and the second transmission line is connected to the two first transmission lines respectively. The two first transmission lines are configured to transmit two signals that are differential mode signals.

[0008] In some embodiments, the dimension of the first transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path is larger than the dimension of the second transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path. The second transmission line is located between the two first transmission lines and is connected to any position of the first transmission lines except for their ends.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second conductive structure includes two third transmission lines. One of the third transmission lines is configured to form a capacitor with one of the two first transmission lines; the other third transmission line is configured to form a capacitor with the other of the two first transmission lines.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second conductive structure further includes a fourth transmission line connecting the two third transmission lines.

[0011] In some embodiments, the dimension of the third transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path is greater than or equal to the dimension of the fourth transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

[0012] In some embodiments, the two third transmission lines are configured independently of each other.

[0013] In some embodiments, the plurality of phase-shifting units include a plurality of first conductive structures and a plurality of second conductive structures. The orthographic projections of the first conductive structures onto the plane of the phase shifter and the orthographic projections of the second conductive structures onto the plane of the phase shifter are arranged alternately. A third transmission line is configured to form a capacitor between each of its two adjacent first transmission lines. And / or, a first transmission line is configured to form a capacitor between each of its two adjacent third transmission lines.

[0014] In some embodiments, the phase shifter further includes two support layers disposed opposite to each other. The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed between the two support layers, and the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively disposed on the two support layers. The orthographic projection of the first transmission line on one support layer partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the third transmission line on one support layer to form the capacitor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the phase shifter further includes two support layers disposed opposite to each other. The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed between the two support layers, and both the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed on one of the two support layers. The first transmission line includes a first main body portion and a first end portion connected together, and the third transmission line includes a second main body portion and a second end portion connected together, the first end portion and the second end portion being opposite to and spaced apart to form the capacitor.

[0016] In some embodiments, the dimension of the first end portion perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path is larger than the dimension of the first main body portion perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path. Similarly, the dimension of the second end portion perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path is larger than the dimension of the second main body portion perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

[0017] In some embodiments, the phase shifter further includes a dielectric constant adjustable medium. The dielectric constant adjustable medium is filled between the two support layers.

[0018] In some embodiments, the phase shifter further includes a first control line and a second control line. The first control line is coupled to the first conductive structure, and the second control line is coupled to the second conductive structure. The dielectric constant adjustable medium is configured to change its dielectric constant under the control of the first control line and the second control line.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively disposed on the two support layers. The first control line is located on the side of the first conductive structure away from the second conductive structure and is disposed parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path. The second control line is located on the side of the second conductive structure away from the first conductive structure and is disposed parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed on the same support layer. The first control line is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path. The second control line is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

[0021] In some embodiments, at least one of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the third transmission line is curved or polygonal.

[0022] In some embodiments, at least one of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the third transmission line comprises a microstrip line and / or a stripline.

[0023] In a second aspect, an antenna is provided. The antenna includes a transceiver and a phase shifter as described above. The transceiver is electrically connected to the phase shifter.

[0024] The beneficial effects that the antenna provided in this embodiment can achieve are the same as those that the phase shifter provided in the first aspect can achieve, and will not be repeated here.

[0025] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes the phase shifter described above.

[0026] The beneficial effects that the electronic device provided in this embodiment can achieve are the same as those that the phase shifter provided in the first aspect can achieve, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings. In addition, the drawings described below can be regarded as schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual size of the product, the actual flow of the method, the actual timing of the signals, etc. involved in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a phase shifter according to some embodiments;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0031] Figure 4 An equivalent circuit diagram of a phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0033] Figure 6 A waveform diagram of the difference model number provided according to some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0038] Figure 11 This is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of a phase shifter according to some embodiments;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0041] Figure 14This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between two orthographic projections according to some embodiments;

[0042] Figure 15 This is another diagram showing the positional relationship between two orthographic projections according to some embodiments;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a structural diagram of an antenna according to some embodiments;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions in some embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this disclosure are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0047] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" and its other forms, such as the third-person singular "comprises" and the present participle "comprising," are interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0048] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0049] In describing some embodiments, the terms "coupled" and "connected," and their derivative expressions, may be used. For example, the term "connected" may be used in describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact with each other. Similarly, the term "coupled" may be used in describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact. However, the terms "coupled" or "communicatively coupled" may also refer to two or more components that do not have direct contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the content of this document.

[0050] "At least one of A, B and C" has the same meaning as "at least one of A, B or C", both including the following combinations of A, B and C: only A, only B, only C, combinations of A and B, combinations of A and C, combinations of B and C, and combinations of A, B and C.

[0051] "A and / or B" includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0052] As used herein, depending on the context, the term “if” may optionally be interpreted as meaning “when”, “in the event of”, “in response to determination”, or “in response to detection”. Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase “if it is determined that…” or “if [the stated condition or event] is detected” may optionally be interpreted as meaning “in the event of determination that…”, “in response to determination that…”, “when [the stated condition or event] is detected”, or “in response to the detection of [the stated condition or event]”.

[0053] The use of “applies to” or “configured to” in this article implies an open and inclusive language that does not preclude applicability to or configuration to devices that perform additional tasks or steps.

[0054] In addition, the use of “based on” implies openness and inclusivity, because processes, steps, calculations or other actions “based on” one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may in practice be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated.

[0055] As used herein, “about” or “approximately” includes the stated value and the average value within an acceptable range of deviation from the given value, wherein the acceptable range of deviation is determined by a person skilled in the art taking into account the measurement under discussion and the error associated with the measurement of the given quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system).

[0056] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Thus, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. For example, etched regions shown as rectangular would typically have curved features. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0057] In related technologies, the phase-shifting structure of phase shifters conforms to the right-hand transmission characteristic, meaning the main path transmission is inductive and the branch path transmission is capacitive. The phase constant of the signal transmitted through this phase shifter is positive, meaning there is a phase delay in the transmission direction. Therefore, the signal in the path connected to the phase shifter has a larger delay than the signal in the path without the phase shifter. To achieve phase balance between the signals in the path connected to the phase shifter and the signals in the path without the phase shifter, delay lines need to be configured in the path containing the signal with the earlier phase (i.e., the path without the phase shifter) to compensate for the delay caused by the phase shifter, resulting in the need for longer delay lines.

[0058] Based on this, please refer to Figures 1-3 ,in, Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a phase shifter according to some embodiments. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the phase shifting path 20. Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a phase shifter 1. The phase shifter 1 includes a plurality of phase shifting units 10 coupled in sequence. At least one of the plurality of phase shifting units 10 includes a first conductive structure 11 and a second conductive structure 12. The first conductive structure 11 includes a first transmission line 111 and a second transmission line 112 connected to the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112 being configured as an inductive load. The second conductive structure 12 includes a third transmission line 121, the third transmission line 121 being configured to form a capacitor 13 with the first transmission line 111. The first transmission line 111, the third transmission line 121, and the capacitor 13 constitute at least a portion of the phase shifting path 20 of the phase shifter 1.

[0059] A single phase-shifting unit 10 has a phase-shifting function, that is, it adjusts the phase of the signal. The phase-shifting effects of multiple phase-shifting units 10 are accumulated to realize the phase-shifting function of the phase shifter 10. The phase shift amount of different phase-shifting units 10 can be the same or different.

[0060] Multiple phase-shifting units 10 are coupled sequentially, which can be arranged sequentially along a straight line, with each phase-shifting unit 10 coupled to its two adjacent phase-shifting units 10. Of course, the arrangement of the multiple phase-shifting units 10 can also be curved, zigzag, etc., and is not limited here. For example, in three consecutively arranged phase-shifting units 10, the middle phase-shifting unit 10 is coupled to both the preceding and following phase-shifting units 10, thus achieving continuous coupling.

[0061] Multiple phase-shifting units 10 are coupled sequentially, thereby enabling signal transmission from one phase-shifting unit 10 to another. The signal transmission paths within the phase shifter 1 on each phase-shifting unit 10 collectively constitute the phase-shifting path 20 within the phase shifter 1, and the extension direction S of the phase-shifting path 20 is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0062] The phase-shifting unit 10 includes a first conductive structure 11 and a second conductive structure 12. The first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 in the same phase-shifting unit 10 can be coupled to each other. Multiple phase-shifting units 10 can be coupled sequentially, where the first conductive structure 11 of an intermediate phase-shifting unit 10 is coupled to the second conductive structure 12 of the preceding phase-shifting unit 10, and the second conductive structure 12 of that phase-shifting unit 10 is coupled to the first conductive structure 11 of the following phase-shifting unit 10. Alternatively, the first conductive structure 11 of an intermediate phase-shifting unit 10 can be coupled to the first conductive structure 11 of the preceding phase-shifting unit 10, and the second conductive structure 12 of that phase-shifting unit 10 can be coupled to the second conductive structure 12 of the following phase-shifting unit 10.

[0063] The number of first conductive structures 11 and second conductive structures 12 in the phase-shifting unit 10 can be the same or different. For example, one phase-shifting unit 10 includes one first conductive structure 11 and one second conductive structure 12; another example is that one phase-shifting unit 10 includes two first conductive structures 11 and one second conductive structure 12. Of course, the combination of the number of first conductive structures 11 and second conductive structures 12 in the phase-shifting unit 10 can also be other; this is just an example and should not be regarded as a limitation on the number of first conductive structures 11 and second conductive structures 12.

[0064] The first conductive structure 11 includes a first transmission line 111 and a second transmission line 112 connected to the first transmission line 111. The number of first transmission lines 111 can be greater than or equal to the number of second transmission lines. For example, the first conductive structure 11 includes one first transmission line 111 and one second transmission line 112; or, for another example, the first conductive structure 11 includes two first transmission lines 111 and a third transmission line 112. Of course, the combination of the number of first transmission lines 111 and second transmission lines 112 in the first conductive structure 11 can also be other. This is only an example and should not be regarded as a limitation on the number of first transmission lines 111 and second transmission lines 112.

[0065] The connection point between one end of the second transmission line 112 and the first transmission line 111 can be at the center of the first transmission line 111 or at another location between the two ends of the first transmission line 111. The other end of the second transmission line 112 can be connected to a ground terminal. The extension direction of the first transmission line 111 and the extension direction of the second transmission line 112 can be approximately perpendicular. The first transmission line 111 and the second transmission line 112 can be made of conductive materials, either metallic or non-metallic, wherein the metallic material can be copper, aluminum, silver, etc.

[0066] The second transmission line 112 is configured as an inductive load, meaning it is a load with inductive parameters, specifically, the load current of the inductive load lags the load voltage by a phase difference. The internal impedance of the second transmission line 112 is configured as an inductive load, which can be achieved by designing the physical length of the second transmission line 112. For example, the physical length of the second transmission line 112 is chosen such that its electrical length is less than one-quarter of the signal wavelength; the electrical length refers to the ratio of the physical length of the second transmission line 112 to the wavelength of the transmitted signal.

[0067] The second conductive structure 12 includes a third transmission line 121. The third transmission line 121 is configured to form a capacitor 13 with the first transmission line 111. The number of third transmission lines 121 in a single second conductive structure 12 can be one or more. For example, the number of third transmission lines 121 can be the same as the number of first transmission lines 111.

[0068] The extension direction of the third transmission line 121 can be the same as the extension direction of the first transmission line 111. The extension length of the third transmission line 121 can be greater than, less than or equal to the extension length of the first transmission line 111, and is not limited here. The third transmission line 121 can be made of a conductive material that is either metallic or non-metallic, wherein the metallic material can be copper, aluminum, silver, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the plurality of phase-shifting units 10 are sequentially coupled. For example, the first transmission line 111 of the middle phase-shifting unit 10 may be coupled to the third transmission line 121 of the preceding phase-shifting unit 10, and the third transmission line 121 of the middle phase-shifting unit 10 may be coupled to the first transmission line 111 of the following phase-shifting unit 10. The sequential coupling of the plurality of phase-shifting units 10 forms a phase-shifting path 20 within the phase shifter 1 that can transmit signals. The first transmission line 111, the third transmission line 121, and the capacitor 13 formed by the coupling of the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 within a phase-shifting unit 10 constitute at least a portion of the phase-shifting path of the phase shifter 1.

[0070] The dimension of the first transmission line 111 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20 can be equal to the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20; it can also be greater than the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20; or it can be smaller than the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20. No limitation is made here.

[0071] It should be noted that the term "perpendicular" as described in this disclosure refers to approximately perpendicular, such as the angle between two directions being equal to or close to 90°, for example: 93.3°, 92.5°, 92°, 91°, 89°, 88°, 87.5°, 86.4°, etc.

[0072] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 are arranged at an interval relative to each other. By providing different voltages to the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 respectively, a potential difference is formed between the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121, thereby forming a capacitor. The portion of the first transmission line 111 opposite to the third transmission line 121 serves as the first plate 131 of the capacitor 13, and the portion of the third transmission line 121 opposite to the first transmission line 111 serves as the second plate 132 of the capacitor 13.

[0073] Due to the internal impedance of the first transmission line 111 and the capacitor 13 formed by the coupling of the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121, the phase-shifting path 20 is configured as an RC series circuit, with the equivalent circuit as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Furthermore, since the second transmission line 112 has an inductive load and is inductive, the phase shifting unit 10 conforms to the left-hand transmission characteristics, i.e., the main path is capacitive and the branch paths are inductive. Thus, the phase constant of the signal transmitted through the phase shifting unit 10 is positive, meaning the signal exhibits phase lead in the transmission direction.

[0074] In some embodiments, the phase shifter 1 includes at least one of the aforementioned phase shifting units 10. Since the phase shifting unit 10 conforms to the left-handed transmission characteristics, it can make the phase of the signal lead, thereby reducing or even eliminating the total delay caused by the phase shifting structure in the phase shifter 1 that conforms to the right-handed transmission characteristics. This reduces the difference in phase delay between the signal on the path connected to the phase shifter and the signal on the path not connected to the phase shifter, thereby shortening or even eliminating the wiring of the extension line required for the path not connected to the phase shifter in phase balancing.

[0075] For example, phase shifter 1 includes X phase shifting structures conforming to right-hand transmission characteristics and a phase shifting unit 10, where X is a positive integer. When the delay caused by a phase shifting structure conforming to right-hand transmission characteristics is A and the lead caused by a phase shifting unit 10 is B, the delay of phase shifter 1 is X×A-B, which is less than the delay X×A of a phase shifter without phase shifting unit 10. This shortens the wiring length of the extension line required for the path without phase shifters in phase balancing.

[0076] For example, phase shifter 1 includes X phase shifting structures conforming to right-hand transmission characteristics and Y phase shifting units 10, where X and Y are both positive integers. When the delay caused by one phase shifting structure conforming to right-hand transmission characteristics is A and the lead caused by one phase shifting unit 10 is B, when X × A = Y × B (i.e., the total delay caused by the X phase shifting structures conforming to right-hand transmission characteristics is equal to the total lead caused by the Y phase shifting units 10), the signal on the path connected to phase shifter 1 is balanced with the signal on the path not connected to phase shifter 1. This eliminates the need for delay lines, facilitating the amplitude and phase design of the phase-controlled electronic scanning array and reducing the overall loss of phase shifter 1.

[0077] Of course, the number of phase shifting structures conforming to the right-hand transmission characteristic and the number of phase shifting units 10 in phase shifter 1 can be other combinations, which are not limited here.

[0078] The phase shifter provided in this embodiment can lead the phase of a signal through at least one phase shifting unit. When balancing the signal in the path connected to the phase shifter with the signal in the path not connected to the phase shifter, delay lines can be reduced or even omitted, which facilitates the amplitude and phase design of the phase control electronic scanning array and reduces the overall loss of the phase shifter 1.

[0079] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6 A first conductive structure 11 includes two first transmission lines 111, and a second transmission line 121 is connected to the two first transmission lines 111 respectively. The two first transmission lines 111 are configured to transmit two signals that are differential mode signals.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the two first transmission lines 111 can be arranged approximately parallel to each other. The two ends of the second transmission line 112 are connected to the two first transmission lines 111 respectively. The extension lengths of the two first transmission lines 111 can be the same or different, and are not limited here. Furthermore, the dimensions of the two first transmission lines 111 along the extension direction perpendicular to the phase shifting path 20 can be the same or different.

[0081] In some examples, the first conductive structure 111 may be a centrally symmetric figure with respect to the center of the second transmission line 112. In other embodiments, the first conductive structure 111 may also be an axisymmetric figure with respect to the central axis of the second transmission line 112.

[0082] The two signals described above that are differential signals refer to two signals with the same amplitude but a phase difference of 180°, such as... Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 Signal 1 and signal 2 are differential mode signals, located on two first transmission lines 111 connected by the second transmission line 112. In some examples, at time t, the voltage of signal 2 is 3V and the voltage of signal 1 is -3V.

[0083] Since the signals on the two first transmission lines 111 are differential signals, the second transmission line 112, which connects the two differential signals at its two ends, is always at a low potential. Therefore, the second transmission line 112 can be equivalent to a virtual ground, and no additional grounding trace is needed.

[0084] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 5 The dimension of the first transmission line 111 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 is greater than the dimension of the second transmission line 112 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The second transmission line 112 is located between the two first transmission lines 111, and the second transmission line 112 is connected to any position of the first transmission line 111 except for the two ends.

[0085] The connection positions of the two ends of the second transmission line 112 to the two first transmission lines 111 can be different or the same. For example, the two ends of the second transmission line 112 can be connected to the centers of the two first transmission lines 111 respectively.

[0086] The dimension of the second transmission line 112 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20 can be greater than the dimension of the first transmission line 111 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20; it can also be equal to the dimension of the first transmission line 111 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20; or it can be smaller than the dimension of the first transmission line 111 in the direction perpendicular to the phase shift path 20.

[0087] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5As shown, the shape of the first conductive structure 11 can be H-shaped.

[0088] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 5 and Figure 7 A second conductive structure 12 includes two third transmission lines 121, wherein one third transmission line 121 is configured to form a capacitor 13 with one of the two first transmission lines 111, and the other third transmission line 121 is configured to form a capacitor 13 with the other of the two first transmission lines 111.

[0089] like Figure 5 As shown, the two third transmission lines 121 are respectively configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the two first transmission lines 111 at both ends of the second transmission line 112. One first transmission line 111 is spaced apart from one third transmission line 121, and the other first transmission line 111' is spaced apart from the other third transmission line 121'.

[0090] The first transmission line 111 located on one side of the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121 that cooperates with the first transmission line 111 to form a capacitor, belong to one phase-shifting path 20. The first transmission line 111' located on the other side of the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121' that cooperates with the first transmission line 111' to form a capacitor 13', belong to another phase-shifting path 20'.

[0091] The capacitance of the capacitors 13 formed on both sides of a second transmission line 112 can be the same or different, and this is not limited here. In some examples, the capacitors 13 formed on both sides of the second transmission line 112 can be symmetrically arranged along the straight line where the centers of multiple second transmission lines 112 are located.

[0092] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 5 and Figure 7 The two third transmission lines 121 are set independently. Both third transmission lines 121 can be rectangular. By providing voltage to the two third transmission lines 121 respectively, the size of the two capacitors 13 can be controlled separately.

[0093] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 8 As shown, the second conductive structure 12 also includes a fourth transmission line 122 that connects the two third transmission lines 121.

[0094] The dimension of the third transmission line 121 perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 may be smaller than the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The fourth transmission line 122 may be a straight line, a curved line, or a broken line; no limitation is made here.

[0095] By connecting the two third transmission lines 121 through the fourth transmission line 122, it is possible to simultaneously control the voltage on the two third transmission lines 121 by providing voltage to either the two third transmission lines 121 or the fourth transmission line 122, thereby changing the size of the two capacitors 13 at the same time.

[0096] In some embodiments, the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 is greater than or equal to the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20.

[0097] For example, when the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 is equal to the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20, the second conductive structure 12 formed by the two third transmission lines 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 is a rectangular structure.

[0098] For example, if the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 is greater than the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20, the second conductive structure 12 formed by the two third transmission lines 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can be an H-shaped structure.

[0099] For example, when the fourth transmission line 122 is a zigzag structure, the second conductive structure 12 formed by the two third transmission lines 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can be a V-shaped structure.

[0100] Of course, the second conductive structure 12 formed by the two third transmission lines 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can also be other structures. For example, if the fourth transmission line 122 is a curved structure, the second conductive structure 12 formed by the two third transmission lines 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can be a U-shaped structure. The above are just examples to illustrate the shape of the second conductive structure 12, but should not be taken as a limitation.

[0101] The materials used to manufacture the third transmission line 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can be the same or different. For example, the third transmission line 121 can be made of copper, and the fourth transmission line 122 can be made of silver or aluminum. Alternatively, both the third transmission line 121 and the fourth transmission line 122 can be made of silver.

[0102] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments. Figure 10 for Figure 9A cross-sectional view of the phase-shifting path 20. In some embodiments, when the dimension of the third transmission line 121 in the extension direction of the phase-shifting path 20 is larger than the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 in the extension direction of the phase-shifting path 20, the fourth transmission line 122 can also be configured as an inductive load, and the internal impedance of the fourth transmission line 122 is equivalent to Z'. Thus, the internal impedance of the third transmission line 121 is equivalent to Z, and a capacitor 13(C) is formed by the coupling of the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121, making the phase-shifting path 20 a series RC circuit, with the equivalent circuit as shown in the figure. Figure 11 As shown. Furthermore, since the fourth transmission line 122 is inductive, the phase shifting unit 10 is equipped with a structure that conforms to the left-handed transmission characteristics, thereby increasing the lead of the phase adjustment of a single phase shifting unit 10.

[0103] Please see Figure 12 and Figure 13 , Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of another phase shifter provided according to some embodiments. Figure 13 for Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of the middle phase shifting path 20. In some embodiments, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the end 1111 of the first transmission line 111 and the end 1212 of the third transmission line 121 are spaced apart from each other, and a potential difference is formed between the end 1111 and the end 1211, thereby forming a capacitor 13.

[0104] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 14 and Figure 15 The multiple phase shifting units 10 include multiple first conductive structures 11 and multiple second conductive structures 12. The orthographic projection T1 of the first conductive structure 11 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located and the orthographic projection T2 of the second conductive structure 12 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located are arranged alternately.

[0105] When the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are on the same plane, the plane in which the phase shifter 1 is located is the same plane as the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12. When multiple first conductive structures 11 are on the same plane and multiple second conductive structures 12 are on another plane, the plane in which the phase shifter 1 is located can be either the plane in which the multiple first conductive structures 11 are located or the plane in which the multiple second conductive structures 12 are located.

[0106] The aforementioned alternating arrangement of orthographic projections includes alternating interval arrangement and alternating overlapping arrangement. For example, when the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are on the same plane, the orthographic projection T1 of the first conductive structure 11 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located and the orthographic projection T2 of the second conductive structure 12 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located are arranged alternately, as shown below. Figure 14As shown. When the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are on different planes, the orthographic projection T1 of the first conductive structure 11 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located and the orthographic projection T2 of the second conductive structure 12 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located are alternately overlapped, as shown. Figure 15 As shown.

[0107] In some examples, a third transmission line 121 is configured to form a capacitor 13 between each of the two adjacent first transmission lines 111. For example, the orthographic projection of the third transmission line 121 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located overlaps with the two orthographic projections of the two adjacent first transmission lines 111 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located, and the first transmission lines 111 and the third transmission line 121 in an overlapping area form a capacitor 13.

[0108] In other examples, a first transmission line 111 is configured to form a capacitor 13 between each of its two adjacent third transmission lines 121. For example, the orthographic projection of the first transmission line 111 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located overlaps with the two orthographic projections of the two adjacent third transmission lines 121 on the plane where the phase shifter 1 is located, and the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 in an overlapping area form a capacitor 13.

[0109] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 10 and Figure 13 The phase shifter 1 also includes two opposing support layers 30, both of which can be made of flexible materials such as glass or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The support layer 30 can be a single-layer structure or a composite layer structure. For example, the support layer 30 may be a single-layer glass layer; or, for another example, the support layer 30 may include a glass layer and a PET layer on the surface of the glass layer.

[0110] The two support layers 30 can be arranged parallel to each other and spaced a certain distance apart. The areas of the two support layers 30 can be the same or different. The two support layers 30 can form a rectangular structure, that is, the two support layers 30 are arranged facing each other; the two support layers 30 can also form a rhomboid structure, that is, the two support layers 30 are staggered, and there is no limitation here.

[0111] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 10As shown, the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are disposed between the two support layers 30. The first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 can be disposed on the two support layers 30 respectively. The orthographic projection of the first transmission line 111 on one support layer 30 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the third transmission line 121 on the same support layer 30. That is, the portion of the first transmission line 111 located in the overlapping area serves as the first electrode 131 of the capacitor 13, and the portion of the third transmission line 121 located in the overlapping area serves as the second electrode 132 of the capacitor 13. By changing the area of ​​the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 on the support layer 30, the size of the capacitor 13 can be adjusted.

[0112] Multiple capacitors 13 are connected in series in the phase shifting path 20. The phase shifting path 20 does not require a large capacitor to maintain its capacitive properties. Since the more capacitors connected in series, the smaller the total capacitance value, the capacitance of a single capacitor 13 can be slightly larger. That is, the area of ​​the overlapping region between the orthographic projection of the first transmission line 111 on the support layer 30 and the orthographic projection of the third transmission line 121 on the support layer 30 can be larger. The alignment accuracy requirement between the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 is low, which makes the capacitor 13 more tolerant to process deviations and can improve the manufacturing yield of the phase shifter 1.

[0113] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are both disposed on one of the two support layers 30. The first transmission line 111 includes a first main body portion 1111 and a first end portion 1112 connected together. The third transmission line 121 includes a second main body portion 1211 and a second end portion 1212 connected together, with the first end portion 1112 and the second end portion 1212 facing each other and spaced apart to form a capacitor 13.

[0114] The first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are arranged alternately on the same support layer 30. Exemplarily, the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 can be formed on the support layer 30 in a single patterning process during fabrication. Compared to fabricating the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 separately using their respective photomasks, this saves on photomasks and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0115] The first transmission line 111 includes a first main body 1111 and a first end portion 1112 connecting the two ends of the first main body 1111. The dimension of the first main body 1111 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 may be larger than the dimension of the first end portion 1112 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The third transmission line 121 includes a second main body 1211 and a second end portion 1212 connecting the two ends of the second main body 1211. The dimension of the second main body 1211 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 may be larger than the dimension of the second end portion 1212 in the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20.

[0116] The first end 1112 and the second end 1212 together form a capacitor 13. That is, the first end 1112 serves as the first plate 131 of the capacitor 13, and the second end 1212 serves as the second plate 132 of the capacitor 13. The dimensions of the first end 1112 and the second end 1212 can be the same or different. The size of the capacitor 13 can be positively correlated with the area of ​​the first end 1112 directly opposite the second end 1212.

[0117] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12 As shown, the dimension of the first end portion 1112 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path 20 is larger than the dimension of the first main body portion 111 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path 20. The dimension of the second end portion 1212 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path 20 is larger than the dimension of the second main body portion 1211 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path 20.

[0118] The third transmission line 121 is located on the straight line containing multiple first transmission lines 111. The first end 1112 of the first transmission line 111 and the second end 1212 of the third transmission line 121 are spaced apart from each other to form a capacitor 13.

[0119] By increasing the dimensions of the first end 1112 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path 20, and the second end 1212 in the same direction, the capacitance of the capacitor 13 formed by the first end 1112 and the second end 1212 can be increased. Simultaneously, the manufacturing process difficulty of aligning the first end 1112 with the second end 1212 to form the capacitor 13 can be reduced, thereby improving the manufacturing yield of the phase shifter 1.

[0120] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, the phase shifter 1 also includes a dielectric constant adjustable medium 40, which is filled between the two support layers 30.

[0121] The dielectric constant adjustable medium 40 can be selected from liquid crystal materials, such as dispersed liquid crystal materials, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), or polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC), but is not limited to these materials. It should be noted that the above-mentioned various liquid crystal materials are only for illustrative purposes, and it should be considered that any medium capable of achieving a tunable dielectric constant is applicable to the dielectric constant adjustable medium of this disclosure.

[0122] An adjustable dielectric medium 40 is filled between two support layers 30 and between the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12. The adjustable dielectric medium 40 and the support layers 30 together surround the first conductive structure 11 or the second conductive structure 12.

[0123] The dielectric constant adjustable medium 40 is configured such that, under the control of the first plate 131 and the second plate 132 of the capacitor 13, the dielectric constant of the dielectric constant adjustable medium 40 is changed. That is, by changing the potential difference between the first plate 131 and the second plate 132, the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, thereby changing the dielectric constant and thus changing the phase shift amount of the phase shifting unit 10.

[0124] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, the phase shifter 1 also includes a first control line 50 and a second control line 60. The first control line 50 is coupled to the first conductive structure 11, and the second control line 60 is coupled to the second conductive structure 12. The dielectric constant adjustable medium 40 is configured to change its dielectric constant under the control of the first control line 50 and the second control line 60.

[0125] The first control line 50 is used to provide voltage to the first conductive structure 11. The connection point between the first control line 50 and the first conductive structure 11 can be either the first transmission line 111 or the second transmission line 112. The second control line 60 is used to provide voltage to the second conductive structure 12. The connection point between the second control line 60 and the second conductive structure 12 can be either the third transmission line 121 or, if the second conductive structure 12 includes a fourth transmission line 122, the second control line 60 can also be connected to the fourth transmission line.

[0126] The first control line 50 and the second control line 60 can be made of conductive materials, either metallic or non-metallic. The metallic material can be copper, aluminum, silver, etc. The materials of the first control line 50 and the second control line 60 can be the same or different; no restriction is placed here.

[0127] When the number of first conductive structures 11 and second conductive structures 12 is the same, the number of first control lines 50 and second control lines 60 can be the same; when the number of first conductive structures 11 and second conductive structures 12 is different, the number of first control lines 50 and second control lines 60 can be different.

[0128] The first control line 50 may be located between the first conductive structure 11 and the support layer 30 where the first conductive structure 11 is located. The second control line 60 may be located between the second conductive structure 12 and the support layer 30 where the second conductive structure 12 is located.

[0129] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are respectively disposed on the two support layers 30. The first control line 50 is located on the side of the first conductive structure 11 away from the second conductive structure 12 and is disposed parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20; the second control line 60 is located on the side of the second conductive structure 12 away from the first conductive structure 11 and is disposed parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20.

[0130] The first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are respectively disposed on two support layers 30, that is, the plane in which the multiple first conductive structures 11 are located is different from the plane in which the multiple second conductive structures 12 are located. The first control line 50 is located on the side of the first conductive structure 11 away from the second conductive structure 12, and the second control line 60 is located on the side of the second conductive structure 12 away from the first conductive structure 11. That is, the first control line 50 and the second control line 60 are disposed far apart from each other, which can avoid mutual interference.

[0131] The first control line 50 is arranged parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 and can be connected to multiple first conductive structures 11 simultaneously, thereby controlling the voltage on multiple first conductive structures 11 at the same time. Similarly, the second control line 60 is arranged parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 and can be connected to multiple second conductive structures 12 simultaneously, thereby controlling the voltage on multiple second conductive structures 12 at the same time.

[0132] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, the first control line 50 can be located on the side of the support layer 30 away from the first conductive structure 11, and the first control line 50 can be connected to the first conductive structure 11 through a via penetrating the support layer 30. The second control line 60 can be located on the side of the support layer 30 away from the second conductive structure 12, and the second control line 60 can be connected to the second conductive structure 12 through a via penetrating the support layer 30.

[0133] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the first conductive structure 11 and the second conductive structure 12 are disposed on the same support layer 30. The first control line 50 is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20; the second control line 60 is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20.

[0134] Multiple first conductive structures 11 and multiple second conductive structures 12 are located on the same surface. The first control line 50 and the second control line 60 can be respectively disposed on both sides of the first conductive structure 11, or the first control line 50 and the second control line 60 can both be disposed on the same side of the first conductive structure 11.

[0135] The first control line 50 is arranged perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20, that is, the first control line 50 can be arranged parallel to the second transmission line 112 and coupled to the second transmission line 112. Of course, the first control line 50 can also be coupled to the first transmission line 111, which is not limited here.

[0136] The dimension of the first control line 50 along the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 can be smaller than the dimension of the second transmission line 112 along the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The number of first control lines 50 can be the same as the number of second transmission lines 112. In addition, the phase shifter 1 may also include traces connected to multiple first control lines 50, thereby controlling the voltage of multiple first control lines 50 in a unified manner through the traces.

[0137] The second control line 60 is arranged perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20, that is, the second control line 60 can be arranged parallel to the fourth transmission line 122 and coupled to the fourth transmission line 122. Of course, the second control line 60 can also be coupled to the third transmission line 121, which is not limited here.

[0138] The dimension of the second control line 60 along the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20 can be smaller than the dimension of the fourth transmission line 122 along the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The number of second control lines 60 can be the same as the number of fourth transmission lines 122. In addition, the phase shifter 1 may also include traces connected to multiple second control lines 60, thereby controlling the voltage of multiple second control lines 60 in a unified manner through the traces.

[0139] The traces connecting multiple first control lines 50 and the traces connecting multiple second control lines 60 can be respectively located at both ends of multiple first conductive structures 11 and multiple second conductive structures 12, thereby avoiding mutual interference between the two traces.

[0140] In some embodiments, such as Figure 16 As shown, at least one of the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112 and the third transmission line 121 is curved or polygonal in shape.

[0141] While maintaining the impedance of the phase-shifting path 20, the shape of at least one of the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121 is made into a curved or polygonal shape. The curved shape includes parabolic, sinusoidal, and other shapes, which are not limited here. The curved or polygonal shape can shorten the physical length of the transmission lines, facilitating the miniaturization of the phase shifter 1 and thus improving its adaptability to various scenarios.

[0142] In some examples, the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121 can all be curved or polygonal.

[0143] In other examples, the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121 can have different curve shapes. For example, the first transmission line 111 is a sine curve, the second transmission line 112 is a parabola, and the third transmission line 121 is a U-shape.

[0144] In other examples, the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 can be polygonal, and the second transmission line 112 can be a straight line.

[0145] Wherein, at least one of the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 is curved or polygonal, which can shorten the size of the phase shifting unit 10 along the extension direction of the phase shifting path 20. The second transmission line 112 is curved or polygonal, which can shorten the size of the phase shifting unit 10 along the extension direction perpendicular to the phase shifting path 20.

[0146] In some embodiments, such as Figure 16 As shown, at least one of the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112 and the third transmission line 121 includes a microstrip line 70 and / or a stripline 80.

[0147] The microstrip line 70 described above has the characteristics of high conductivity, good stability, and strong adhesion to the support layer 30, and can be manufactured using thin film technology. The stripline 80 described above is a transmission line composed of two dielectric layers and a conductor between the two dielectric layers, and has the advantages of small size, light weight, wide bandwidth, simple process, and low cost.

[0148] In some examples, the first transmission line 111 may include a microstrip line 70, a stripline 80, or a combination of microstrip line 70 and stripline 80.

[0149] In some examples, the second transmission line 112 may include a microstrip line 70, a stripline 80, or a combination of microstrip line 70 and stripline 80.

[0150] In some examples, the third transmission line 121 may include a microstrip line 70, a stripline 80, or a combination of microstrip line 70 and stripline 80.

[0151] In some examples, the first transmission line 111, the second transmission line 112, and the third transmission line 121 may all include a microstrip line 70 or a stripline 80.

[0152] The above examples can be combined with each other. For example, the first transmission line 111 includes a microstrip line 70, the second transmission line 112 includes a combination of a microstrip line 70 and a stripline 80, and the third transmission line 121 includes a stripline 80. Another example is that both the first transmission line 111 and the third transmission line 121 include microstrip lines 70, and the second transmission line 112 includes a stripline 80. Of course, other combinations are also possible, and this is not limited here.

[0153] like Figure 17 As shown, some embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna 2. The antenna 2 includes a transceiver 21 and a phase shifter 1 as described above. The transceiver 21 is electrically connected to the phase shifter 1 to transmit and receive signals. Because the antenna 2 has the aforementioned phase shifter 1, the antenna 2 possesses the characteristics of the phase shifter 1: it can shorten or even eliminate the delay line required for phase balancing, which facilitates the amplitude and phase design of the phase-controlled electronic scanning array, and has low overall loss.

[0154] like Figure 18 As shown, some embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device 3. The electronic device 3 includes a phase shifter 1 as described above. Because the electronic device 3 has the phase shifter 1 described above, the electronic device 3 possesses the characteristics of the phase shifter 1: it can shorten or even eliminate the delay line required for phase balancing, which facilitates the amplitude and phase design of the phase control electronic scanning array, and has low overall loss.

[0155] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A phase shifter, comprising: A plurality of phase-shifting units coupled in sequence, characterized in that at least one phase-shifting unit comprises: A first conductive structure includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line connected to the first transmission line, the second transmission line being configured as an inductive load; The second conductive structure includes a third transmission line, the third transmission line being configured to form a capacitance with the first transmission line; The first transmission line, the third transmission line, and the capacitor constitute at least a portion of the phase shifting path of the phase shifter. The first conductive structure includes two first transmission lines, and the second transmission line is connected to the two first transmission lines respectively; the two first transmission lines are configured to transmit two signals that are differential signals.

2. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimension of the first transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path is greater than the dimension of the second transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path. The second transmission line is located between the two first transmission lines, and the second transmission line is connected to any position of the first transmission line except for both ends.

3. The phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second conductive structure includes two third transmission lines, one of which is configured to form a capacitor with one of the two first transmission lines, and the other of which is configured to form a capacitor with the other of the two first transmission lines.

4. The phase shifter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second conductive structure also includes a fourth transmission line connecting the two third transmission lines.

5. The phase shifter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dimension of the third transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path is greater than or equal to the dimension of the fourth transmission line in the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

6. The phase shifter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two third transmission lines are set up independently of each other.

7. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of phase-shifting units include a plurality of first conductive structures and a plurality of second conductive structures, wherein the orthographic projections of the first conductive structures on the plane where the phase shifter is located and the orthographic projections of the second conductive structures on the plane where the phase shifter is located are arranged alternately; wherein... The third transmission line is configured such that a capacitor is formed between each of the two adjacent first transmission lines; and / or, The first transmission line is configured such that a capacitor is formed between each of the two adjacent third transmission lines.

8. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase shifter further includes two support layers disposed opposite to each other, with the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure disposed between the two support layers; The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively disposed on the two support layers; The orthographic projection of the first transmission line on a support layer partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the third transmission line on the same support layer to form the capacitor.

9. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase shifter further includes two support layers disposed opposite to each other, with the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure disposed between the two support layers; Both the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed on one of the two support layers; The first transmission line includes a first main body and a first end connected together, and the third transmission line includes a second main body and a second end connected together. The first end and the second end are opposite to each other and spaced apart to form the capacitor.

10. The phase shifter according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dimension of the first end portion in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path is greater than the dimension of the first main body portion in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path; The dimension of the second end portion in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path is greater than the dimension of the second main body portion in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the phase shifting path.

11. The phase shifter according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, Also includes: An adjustable dielectric medium is filled between the two support layers.

12. The phase shifter according to claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: A first control line and a second control line; the first control line is coupled to the first conductive structure, and the second control line is coupled to the second conductive structure; The dielectric constant adjustable medium is configured to change its dielectric constant under the control of the first control line and the second control line.

13. The phase shifter according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively disposed on the two support layers; The first control line is located on the side of the first conductive structure away from the second conductive structure and is arranged parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path; The second control line is located on the side of the second conductive structure away from the first conductive structure and is arranged parallel to the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

14. The phase shifter according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are disposed on the same support layer; The first control line is set perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path; The second control line is set perpendicular to the extension direction of the phase shifting path.

15. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the third transmission line is curved or polygonal in shape.

16. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the third transmission line comprises a microstrip line and / or a stripline.

17. An antenna, characterized in that, include: Phase shifter as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; The transceiver is electrically connected to the phase shifter.

18. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The phase shifter as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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