Gel-like energetic material continuous push device and related systems, devices, and methods

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of gel-like energetic material continuous pushing device and its related system, device and method, the gel-like energetic material can be stably filled in water gap for a long time without shell and connect gap positive and negative electrode.Other ingredients do not contain explosive in dangerous goods item, common formula is the mixture containing nitromethane, aluminum powder, metal oxide, friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity are zero after test of initiating explosive, safety is extremely high.And formula component is not soluble or very difficult to dissolve in water, not fail, not decompose under long-time soaking in water, still can be normally initiated under the action of pulse current.Gel-like energetic material is filled in water gap and can generate fixed amplitude, impulse and energy shock wave under the driving of specific parameter pulse source, with excellent repeatability.Compared with original parameter, water gap discharge greatly improves the amplitude, impulse and energy of shock wave, with great engineering application prospect.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese application No. 202211273737.1, filed on October 18, 2022, entitled "A gel-like energetic material, preparation method and related systems and apparatus". Technical Field

[0002] This invention belongs to the field of novel explosives and relates to a continuous delivery device for a gel-like energetic material and its related systems, devices and methods. Background Technology

[0003] The electrohydraulic effect refers to the complex physical process in which high voltage and high current pass through a liquid medium, resulting in rapid energy conversion and various extreme physical effects. These effects, including mechanical, acoustic, optical, and chemical effects, have enormous industrial application potential. In particular, underwater shock wave generation technology based on the electrohydraulic effect has been widely applied in scenarios such as machining, electro-pulse cleaning, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, oil and gas unblocking, and reservoir stimulation. Water gap discharge is a common underwater shock wave generation technology based on the electrohydraulic effect. When a strong electric field is applied to the electrodes at both ends of the gap, the water medium between the electrodes undergoes electrical breakdown, forming a plasma discharge channel. Further energy injection causes the discharge channel to expand rapidly, propelling the external water medium to form a strong shock wave that propagates outward. This method offers advantages such as controllability, safety, and good repeatability. Compared to underwater shock wave generation technology based on metal wire electro-explosion, water gap discharge does not require a wire feeding device. After the capacitor energy is released, the water gap automatically returns to its unbroken state, preparing for the next discharge. Therefore, it has a greater advantage in high-efficiency, repetitive work scenarios. However, both water gap discharge and underwater metal wire electric explosion are limited by the low energy conversion efficiency of pulse capacitor energy storage. When the size of the device is limited by a complex and confined working environment (underground, mine, tunnel, etc.), it cannot generate a shock wave with sufficient energy.

[0004] Against this backdrop, in the field of underwater wire electro-explosion research, researchers have proposed a loading configuration where an insensitive energetic material is coated on the outside of a wire. This configuration utilizes the wire electro-explosion to ignite the outer insensitive energetic material, coupling the wire explosion shock wave with the energetic material shock wave to enhance the energy of the shock wave generated in a single operation. The energetic material used typically does not contain explosives listed in the hazardous materials category; common formulations include mixtures containing nitromethane, aluminum powder, and metal oxides. However, this approach has the following drawbacks: 1) It requires a complex feeding mechanism to complete repetitive operations, which is expensive, and the rotating wheels, bearings, and other structures are prone to failure under strong shock waves; 2) The liquid energetic material needs to be filled into a shell to form an energetic projectile, but under strong impact, the energetic projectile shell in the storage compartment is easily damaged, affecting repetitive operations; 3) Liquid energetic materials using thickeners such as cellulose acetate have insufficient viscosity, resulting in sedimentation problems and the inability to stand for more than 24 hours.

[0005] Therefore, developing energetic materials suitable for water gap discharge is a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed to reliably generate strong single shock waves in complex and confined terrain. Furthermore, the following key issues need to be addressed: 1) Developing self-supporting, water-insoluble, insensitive energetic materials that can be stably maintained within the water gap for extended periods without an outer casing; 2) Developing a continuous-operation device capable of pushing energetic materials into the water gap, suitable for existing water gap discharge devices, with a simple and reliable structure, ensuring stable long-term storage of the energetic materials within the storage chamber without decomposition, failure, or sympathetic explosion; 3) Developing a matching energetic material preparation device capable of producing uniform, impurity-free, and bubble-free energetic materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials and related systems, devices and methods.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a gel-like energetic material comprising, by mass parts, 30 to 65 parts of nitromethane, 10 to 30 parts of metal oxide powder, 15 to 40 parts of aluminum powder, and 1 to 3 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica gel.

[0008] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a gel-like energetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Mix the metal oxide powder and aluminum powder evenly to obtain aluminum powder / metal oxide powder;

[0010] Step 2: Add aluminum powder / metal oxide powder to nitromethane and stir at room temperature to make the nitromethane and aluminum powder / metal oxide powder evenly mixed to obtain aluminum powder / metal oxide / nitromethane powder;

[0011] Step 3: Add hydrophobic fumed silica to aluminum powder / metal oxide / nitromethane powder, stir at room temperature to gel the mixture, and obtain a gel-like energetic material;

[0012] In steps 2 and 3, the stirring speed is 50 r / min to 500 r / min.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing gel-like energetic materials, comprising:

[0014] The cavity is equipped with a cavity sealing cover, and a spiral stirring rod is installed inside, with a stirring rod mounting hole at the bottom;

[0015] A cavity sealing cover, wherein a pressure valve is provided on the cavity sealing cover;

[0016] A spiral stirring rod, wherein a mounting base is provided at the bottom of the spiral stirring rod, the mounting base is disposed in the mounting hole of the stirring rod, and a filling port communicating with the cavity is provided on the mounting base, and a countersunk hole is provided at the outlet of the filling port for connecting a stirring extension rod;

[0017] A stirring extension rod, the end of which is connected to a stirring motor for driving the spiral stirring rod to rotate.

[0018] Fourthly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a gel-like energetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Mix the metal oxide powder and aluminum powder evenly to obtain aluminum powder / metal oxide powder;

[0020] Step 2: Add nitromethane to the cavity, then add aluminum powder / metal oxide powder to the cavity, cover the cavity with the sealing cap, start the stirring motor to drive the spiral stirring rod to rotate and stir at room temperature, so that the nitromethane and aluminum powder / metal oxide powder are evenly mixed, and then turn off the stirring motor;

[0021] Step 3: Open the cavity sealing cover, add hydrophobic fumed silica into the cavity, close the cavity sealing cover, start the stirring motor to drive the spiral stirring rod to rotate and stir at room temperature, so that the mixture gels and obtains a gel-like energetic material.

[0022] Fifthly, the present invention provides a continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials, including a shell, wherein the shell is a cylindrical structure assembled from a front shell, a middle shell and a rear shell;

[0023] The interior of the front shell is an energetic material storage chamber, with an energetic material push port at the front end that communicates with the energetic material storage chamber, and an adapter socket at the rear end; the energetic material storage chamber is filled with the gel-like energetic material.

[0024] A motor is installed inside the middle housing, with an adapter socket at the front end and a sealed adapter socket at the rear end. The front adapter socket is used to connect with the adapter socket at the rear end of the front housing. The motor is mounted on a screw. A push piston block is installed at the front end of the screw, and a sealing ring is fitted on the push piston block. A silicone oil partition and a ball screw are fixedly installed between the push piston block and the motor, with the ball screw located between the motor and the silicone oil partition. Silicone oil is filled between the silicone oil partition and the sealed adapter socket at the rear end of the middle housing.

[0025] The rear housing contains a battery and a control module. A sealed adapter socket is provided at the front end for sealing connection with the sealed adapter socket at the rear end of the middle housing. The rear end of the rear housing is a closed structure. The control module is mounted on the battery and connected to the control terminal of the motor. The battery is connected to the power supply terminal of the motor. The motor drives the piston block to push the gel-like energetic material out of the energetic material push port to form a cone-shaped energetic material block.

[0026] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a gap discharge device, comprising an integrated gap discharge pulse source and the aforementioned gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device;

[0027] The integrated gap discharge pulse source includes a housing with an open rear end. A small capacitor is disposed inside the front end of the housing. Charging insulation is provided between the small capacitor and the cable socket. The cable socket is provided on the charging insulation for connecting the small capacitor to an external cable. A gas switch is disposed at the rear end of the small capacitor. One end of the gas switch is connected to the small capacitor, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage transmission rod. Electrode insulation is sleeved on the outside of the high-voltage transmission rod, and a high-voltage electrode is disposed at the end of the high-voltage transmission rod. A return column is disposed at the rear end of the housing. The return column is sealed to the front housing of the continuous pushing device, forming a detonation gap between the two. The high-voltage electrode is located within the detonation gap. The energetic material pushing port of the continuous pushing device is connected to the detonation gap. The continuous pushing device pushes the gel-like energetic material into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block.

[0028] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a water gap discharge experimental system, comprising a water gap discharge experimental platform and the aforementioned gap discharge device;

[0029] The water gap discharge experimental platform includes a water tank, a large capacitor, and an oscilloscope; the gap discharge device is vertically installed in the water tank, and a coaxial transmission device is installed at the front end; the rear end of the coaxial transmission device is connected to the front end of the gap discharge device, the front end is connected to one end of a coaxial cable, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected to the large capacitor through a three-electrode switch.

[0030] The water in the tank contains a shock wave pressure probe and a forming plate, which are respectively positioned on both sides of the conical energetic material block and located on the path of the shock wave generated by the detonation of the conical energetic material block. The oscilloscope is connected to the shock wave pressure probe, voltage probe, and current probe respectively. The voltage probe is mounted on a coaxial cable, and the current probe is mounted on the grounding wire of the coaxial cable and the three-electrode switch.

[0031] Eighthly, the present invention provides a water gap discharge experimental method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Install the gap discharge device below the coaxial transmission device, form a 20mm long water gap between the high voltage electrode and the energetic material push port, and immerse the gap discharge device in water;

[0033] Step 2: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor. Stop charging when the voltage of the large capacitor reaches 10kV and the stored energy reaches 300J.

[0034] Step 3: Trigger the three-electrode switch for pre-discharge. After the control module picks up the magnetic field signal, it controls the motor to work.

[0035] Step 4: The gel-like energetic material is pushed into the water gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block;

[0036] Step 5: Install a shock wave pressure probe at a distance of 15cm from the conical energetic material block to measure the amplitude, impulse, and energy density of the shock wave generated by the detonation of the conical energetic material block;

[0037] Step 6: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor. Stop charging when the voltage of the large capacitor reaches 20kV and the stored energy reaches 1200J.

[0038] Step 7: Trigger the three-electrode switch to form a discharge circuit. After the electrical energy is injected into the conical energetic material block, it detonates and generates a shock wave in the water.

[0039] In a tenth aspect, the present invention provides a rock-breaking system, including a portable power supply and the aforementioned gap discharge device; the gap discharge device is disposed in a plurality of prefabricated holes in a target rock mass with fracturing requirements, and the cable socket of the gap discharge device is connected to the portable power supply via a portable coaxial cable.

[0040] In the eleventh aspect, the present invention provides a rock-breaking method, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: First, determine the fracturing requirements of the target rock mass, including the fracturing location and crack morphology;

[0042] Step 2: Set several holes on the surface of the target rock mass according to the fracturing requirements;

[0043] Step 3: Install several gap discharge devices into the corresponding holes respectively;

[0044] Step 4: Control the power supply to charge and pre-discharge to start the continuous delivery device for the gel-like energetic material;

[0045] Step 5: The gel-like energetic material continuous pushing device pushes the gel-like energetic material into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block;

[0046] Step 6: Control the power supply to charge the capacitor;

[0047] Step 7: The capacitor voltage reaches the gas switch's limit withstand voltage;

[0048] Step 8: The gas switch breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the detonation gap;

[0049] Step 9: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block by discharge in the detonation gap;

[0050] Step 10: Determine whether the target rock mass has achieved the desired fracturing effect. If it does not meet expectations, return to step 5. The discharge circuit formed during detonation will restart the continuous pushing device. If it meets expectations, proceed to step 11.

[0051] Step 11: Install the gap discharge device to the new working position and repeat steps 2-10 above until the fracturing effect is achieved in all target areas.

[0052] In a twelfth aspect, the present invention provides a shale oil reservoir stimulation system, including a control platform and the aforementioned gap discharge device, wherein the gap discharge device is installed in a vertical well or a horizontal well; the control platform is connected to the gap discharge device via a cable to detonate a cone-shaped energetic material block in the detonation gap to generate a shock wave.

[0053] In a thirteenth aspect, the present invention provides a method for shale oil reservoir stimulation, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Determine the type of operation scenario, which includes vertical wells and horizontal wells;

[0055] Step 2: If it is a vertical well, install the gap discharge device at the working position by transmitting a coaxial cable.

[0056] If it is a horizontal well, the gap discharge device is pushed to the heating well operation position through coiled tubing;

[0057] Step 3: The control platform controls the power supply to charge the capacitor through the cable, and the pre-discharge starts the continuous delivery device of the gel-like energetic material.

[0058] Step 4: The gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device pushes the gel-like energetic material into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block;

[0059] Step 5: The control platform controls the power supply to charge the capacitor via a cable;

[0060] Step 6: The capacitor voltage reaches the gas switch's limit withstand voltage.

[0061] Step 7: The gas switch breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the detonation gap;

[0062] Step 8: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block by discharge in the detonation gap;

[0063] Step 9: Evaluate the reservoir stimulation effect. If it does not meet expectations, return to step 4; if it meets expectations, proceed to step 10.

[0064] Step 10: Install the gap discharge device at the new working position, and repeat steps 1 to 9 until all working scenarios are modified.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] The gel-like energetic material of this invention utilizes a hydrophobic silica additive, enabling it to achieve self-support in water. A 10g mass forms a cone-shaped energetic material block exceeding 5cm in height and lasting for over 10 minutes. This block can stably fill a water gap for an extended period without an outer shell, connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the gap. The other components of the energetic material do not contain explosives listed in the hazardous materials category. Common formulations include mixtures containing nitromethane, aluminum powder, and metal oxides. Tests using pyrotechnics show zero friction and impact sensitivity, indicating extremely high safety. Furthermore, the formulation components are insoluble or very poorly soluble in water, and do not degrade or fail even after prolonged immersion in water, still detonating normally under pulsed current. When the gel-like energetic material is filled into a water gap, it can generate a shock wave with a fixed amplitude, impulse, and energy under the drive of a pulse source with specific parameters, exhibiting excellent repeatability. Compared to water gap discharge under the original parameters, this significantly improves the amplitude, impulse, and energy of the shock wave, demonstrating great potential for engineering applications.

[0067] The gel-like energetic material preparation device of this invention employs a spiral stirring rod that enables rapid mixing of powder components (aluminum powder, metal oxide powder), liquid components (nitromethane), and gel additives (hydrophobic fumed silica) to prepare a uniform, impurity-free, and bubble-free gel-like energetic material in a short time. The device features a sealed structure, solving the problem of nitromethane volatilization during preparation and preventing impurities from contaminating the energetic material during stirring. The proportions of each component in the gel-like energetic material directly affect the detonation effect. After preparation, the material is directly filled into a continuous delivery device, reducing losses during preparation, dispensing, and filling processes, and achieving precise proportions of the energetic material.

[0068] This invention relates to a continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials, applicable to all modified water gap discharge devices. It can be directly installed as part of a return device on one side of the ground electrode. The energetic material is stored inside the delivery device and pushed to the water gap electrode by a linear motor via a piston structure. After detonation, it significantly increases the amplitude, impulse, and energy of the shock wave. The gel-like energetic material is self-supporting and waterproof, stored directly inside the delivery device without the need for casings or other materials. The delivery device has a simple, reliable, and highly integrated structure. Furthermore, since no casing is inserted around the energetic material, the shock wave will not cause leakage or sympathetic detonation, thus preventing issues that could affect the device's repeated operation. The continuous delivery device features an integrated outer shell that is stably connected to the ground electrode. During detonation, the high current flows directly to the ground through the outer shell without passing through the stored energetic material, eliminating the risk of electrostatic detonation. The device's overall sealed design allows the energetic material to be stored inside for over a month without failure, decomposition, or sympathetic detonation, while maintaining stable detonation. Attached Figure Description

[0069] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0070] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus for preparing gel-like energetic materials according to the present invention.

[0071] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gap discharge device of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water gap discharge experimental system of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 5 The image shows the discharge waveform of Example 1.

[0075] Figure 6 The image shows the discharge waveform of Example 4.

[0076] Figure 7 The waveform diagram is shown for the shock wave pressure in Example 1.

[0077] Figure 8 This is a waveform diagram of the shock wave pressure in Example 2.

[0078] Figure 9 This is a waveform diagram of the shock wave pressure in Example 3.

[0079] Figure 10 This is a waveform diagram of the shock wave pressure in Example 4.

[0080] Figure 11 The waveform of the shock wave pressure is shown in Comparative Example 1.

[0081] Figure 12 The waveform of the shock wave pressure is shown in Comparative Example 2.

[0082] Figure 13 The waveform of the shock wave pressure is shown in Comparative Example 3.

[0083] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking system of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical well shale reservoir stimulation system of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal well shale reservoir stimulation system of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the shale oil reservoir stimulation method of the present invention.

[0088] Among them, 1-Gel-like energetic material preparation device, 2-Gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device, 3-Water gap discharge experimental platform, 4-Integrated gap discharge pulse source, 101-Pressure valve, 102-Spiral stirring rod, 103-Cavity sealing cover, 104-Cavity, 105-Stirring rod mounting hole, 106-Filling port, 107-Stirring extension rod, 201-Battery, 202-Control module, 203-Sealed adapter plug 204-Motor control line, 205-Motor power supply line, 206-Motor, 207-Silicone oil, 208-Ball screw, 209-Silicone oil baffle, 210-Screw, 211-Pressure relief hole, 212-Sealing ring, 213-Push piston block, 214-Energetic material storage bin, 215-Assembly thread, 216-Energetic material push port, 217-Gel-like energetic material, 218-Conical energetic material block, 301- Large capacitor, 302-Three-electrode switch, 303-Current probe, 304-Coaxial cable, 305-Voltage probe, 306-Coaxial transmission device, 307-Shock wave, 308-Shock wave pressure probe, 309-Molded plate, 310-Water tank, 311-Oscilloscope, 401-Return column, 402-High voltage electrode, 403-Electrode insulation, 404-High voltage transmission rod, 405-Gas switch, 406-Small Type capacitor, 407-charging insulation, 408-cable socket, 409-portable coaxial cable, 501-target rock mass, 502-cavity, 503-portable power supply, 601-control platform, 602-vertical well, 603-transmission coaxial cable, 604-complex fracture network, 605-pumping unit, 606-heated well, 607-coiled tubing, 608-production well, 609-low-permeability shale oil, 610-horizontal well. Detailed Implementation

[0089] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0090] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0091] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0092] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0093] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0094] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0095] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0096] This invention discloses a self-supporting gel-like energetic material that can stably fill gaps for extended periods without a shell. By weight, it comprises 30-40 parts nitromethane, 10-30 parts metal oxide powder, 20-60 parts aluminum powder, and is gelled using 1-2 parts hydrophobic fumed silica. The metal oxide powder includes, but is not limited to, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide, and magnetite, with a particle size range of 1 μm to 100 μm for both the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder.

[0097] This invention discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned gel-like energetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0098] Step 1: Mix the metal oxide powder and aluminum powder evenly to obtain aluminum powder / metal oxide powder;

[0099] Step 2: Add aluminum powder / metal oxide powder to nitromethane and stir at 50 r / min to 500 r / min at room temperature to make the nitromethane and aluminum powder / metal oxide powder evenly mixed to obtain aluminum powder / metal oxide / nitromethane powder.

[0100] Step 3: Add hydrophobic fumed silica to aluminum powder / metal oxide / nitromethane powder, and stir at 50 r / min to 500 r / min at room temperature to gel the mixture and obtain a gel-like energetic material.

[0101] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a gel-like energetic material preparation device 1 for realizing the above-mentioned preparation method of gel-like energetic material, including a cavity 104, a cavity sealing cover 103, a spiral stirring rod 102, and a stirring extension rod 107. The cavity 104 is provided with a cavity sealing cover 103, and a spiral stirring rod 102 is provided inside. A stirring rod mounting hole 105 is opened at the bottom. A pressure valve 101 is opened on the cavity sealing cover 103. A mounting seat is provided at the bottom of the spiral stirring rod 102. The mounting seat is located in the stirring rod mounting hole 105. A filling port 106 communicating with the cavity 104 is opened on the mounting seat. A countersunk hole is provided at the outlet of the filling port 106 for connecting the stirring extension rod 107. A stirring motor is connected to the end of the stirring extension rod 107 for driving the spiral stirring rod 102 to rotate.

[0102] The raw materials for preparing the gel-like energetic material are placed inside the cavity 104. A spiral stirring rod 102 is installed inside the cavity through the stirring rod mounting hole 105, ensuring uniform mixing and gelation of the raw materials. One end of a stirring extension rod 107 is connected to the spiral stirring rod 102, and the other end can be connected to a stirring motor for low-speed stirring, or manual stirring can be used. Because nitromethane is volatile, the entire cavity 104 and its interior are sealed using a cavity sealing cap 103 throughout the stirring process. After the gel-like energetic material is prepared, the stirring extension rod 107 is removed to expose the hollow filling port 106. The cavity 104 is pressurized using a pressure valve 101, and the energetic material is extruded and dispensed from the filling port 106, achieving precise proportioning of the energetic material.

[0103] Example 1:

[0104] This embodiment discloses a gel-like energetic material, which, by mass parts, includes 40.375 parts of nitromethane, 23 parts of copper oxide powder, 34.5 parts of aluminum powder, and is gelled using 1 to 2 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica.

[0105] This embodiment also discloses a method for preparing a gel-like energetic material, including the following steps:

[0106] Step 101: Place 23 parts of copper oxide powder and 34.5 parts of aluminum powder in a three-dimensional mixer and mix for 30 minutes until they are completely and evenly mixed; wherein the particle size range of copper oxide powder is 1μm to 100μm and the particle size range of aluminum powder is 1μm to 100μm.

[0107] Step 102: Install the spiral stirring rod 102 on the cavity 104 of the gel-like energetic material preparation device 1, take 40.375 parts of nitromethane and place it in the cavity 104, then place 20g of completely mixed aluminum powder / copper oxide powder in the cavity 104, cover the cavity with the sealing cap 103, and rotate the spiral stirring rod 102 at low speed at room temperature for 10 minutes to make the nitromethane and mixed powder uniformly mixed; wherein the purity of nitromethane is >99%, the room temperature is 10℃~30℃, and the low speed of rotation stirring is 50r / min~500r / min;

[0108] Step 103: Open the cavity sealing cover 103, take 2.125 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica and place it in the cavity 104, cover the cavity sealing cover 103, and rotate the spiral stirring rod 102 at low speed at room temperature for 10 minutes to gel the energetic material.

[0109] Step 104: Open the pressure valve 101 on the cavity sealing cover 103 and open the filling port 106 below the spiral stirring rod 102, pressurize, and fill the gel-like energetic material into the energetic material storage chamber 214 of the gel-like energetic material continuous pushing device 2.

[0110] Step 105: Install the energetic material storage chamber 214 of the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 into the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2.

[0111] Table 1 Examples 2-4, Comparative Examples 1-3

[0112]

[0113] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-4 is that there is no pre-discharge start-up continuous pushing device, the energetic material pushing port and the high-voltage electrode still form a 20mm long water gap, and there is no gel-like energetic material block.

[0114] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that no hydrophobic vapor phase SiO2 was added to gel the energetic material.

[0115] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is that the mass of the cone-shaped gel-like energetic material block is 1.6g, and the electrode gap distance is adjusted to 10mm.

[0116] like Figure 5The diagram shows the discharge waveform of Example 1. It can be seen that after the three-electrode switch is triggered, a discharge circuit is formed, and a high voltage is rapidly applied to the high-voltage electrode. Within the time period of 0 μs to 2.5 μs, the energetic material undergoes a breakdown process, with the voltage dropping from 7.5 kV to 3 kV and the current rapidly increasing from 0 kA to 30 kA. During this period, the energy deposition rate inside the energetic material is slow, and detonation does not begin. Within the time period of 2.5 μs to 10 μs, the energetic material completely breaks down, forming a plasma discharge channel. On one hand, the energy stored in the capacitor is rapidly deposited inside the energetic material, causing the temperature of the energetic material in the breakdown channel to rise rapidly. On the other hand, the temperature rise causes a violent aluminothermic reaction between the copper oxide powder and aluminum powder in the gel energetic material, further increasing the temperature of the energetic material. The combined effect of these two factors leads to the detonation of nitromethane, generating a shock wave with extremely high amplitude, impulse, and energy. The detonation of the energetic material also constrains the outward expansion of the plasma channel, resulting in a high resistance of the plasma channel and maintaining a high energy deposition power. Within the 10μs–40μs timeframe, a stable discharge channel forms inside the energetic material, with the voltage and current waveforms exhibiting synchronous oscillating decay until they reach zero. During this process, the capacitor continues to deposit energy into the discharge channel of the energetic material, sustaining the further development of the detonation wave in the gel-like energetic material until the 1200J of energy stored in the capacitor is completely released.

[0117] See Figure 6 The image shows the discharge waveform of Example 4. Compared to Example 1, the proportion of aluminum powder and copper oxide doping is lower, resulting in a higher resistance of the formed conical energetic material block. Therefore, after the electrode switch is triggered, a high voltage is applied to the high-voltage electrode and a capacitor voltage of 20kV is maintained for 0μs to 2.5μs. During the 2.5μs to 5μs period, the energetic material undergoes a breakdown process, with the voltage dropping from 20kV to 3kV and the current rapidly increasing from 0kA to 27kA. During this period, the energy deposition rate inside the energetic material is slow, and detonation does not begin. During the 5μs to 12μs period, the energetic material completely breaks down, forming a plasma discharge channel that causes detonation. Comparing the discharge processes of Examples 1 and 4, it can be seen that the doping of aluminum powder and copper oxide powder affects the breakdown and the formation of the discharge channel, and also affects the subsequent energy deposition efficiency. Aluminum powder plays a decisive role in this process because, compared to nitromethane, copper oxide powder, and water, its resistance is lower, which is beneficial for breakdown and the formation of the discharge channel. The higher the aluminum powder content, the shorter the breakdown time of the energetic material, the larger the peak current, and the higher the energy deposition efficiency, which is also more conducive to the detonation of the energetic material. Therefore, a certain amount of aluminum powder and copper oxide powder must be added to the gel-like energetic material in order to induce detonation of nitromethane.

[0118] Referring to Table 2, experiments were conducted on gel-like energetic materials with various ratios based on the above-mentioned water gap discharge experimental platform. The energy storage of the driving source was 1200J, and the final experimental results were obtained.

[0119] Table 2. Experimental results of gel-like energetic materials under various formulations.

[0120]

[0121] See Figures 7-10 As can be seen from Examples 1-4, the gel-like energetic material can be initiated under a 1200J driving source, generating shock waves with extremely high amplitude and impulse, which has certain engineering application value. The principle is that the pulse source injects a large amount of energy into the gaps of the energetic material in a short time, causing it to break down and form a discharge channel. Furthermore, the metal oxide and aluminum powder undergo a violent aluminothermic reaction, releasing a large amount of heat. The synergistic effect of these two factors causes the gel-like energetic material to explode. The detonation wave propagates outwards, initiating the detonation of the outer energetic material and enhancing the shock wave; on the other hand, it restricts the expansion of the discharge channel inwards, maintaining a high resistance to accelerate the deposition of electrical energy and sustain the propagation and development of the detonation wave.

[0122] Comparing Examples 1-4, it can be seen that the peak value, impulse density, and energy density of the shock wave generated by the detonation of the gel-like energetic material differ under different formulations. Example 3 generated the strongest shock wave, because its formulation is most suitable for the formation and development of the detonation wave. When the proportion of nitromethane in the gel-like energetic material is too high, the resistance of the formed conical energetic material block is too high, making breakdown and discharge channel formation more difficult, resulting in lower energy deposition power, which is detrimental to initiation and the propagation and development of the detonation wave. Conversely, when the proportion of nitromethane in the gel-like energetic material is too low, although the conical energetic material block is easier to detonate, the low nitromethane content during detonation wave propagation is also unfavorable for further development. Therefore, the formulation plays a regulatory role in the shock wave generated by the final explosion of the gel-like energetic material. In practical engineering, the formulation of the gel-like energetic material can be adjusted as needed to obtain the ideal peak value, impulse density, and energy density of the shock wave.

[0123] See Figure 9 and Figure 11 The shock wave waveforms of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were compared. The peak pressure of the shock wave in Example 3 was 11.5 MPa, the impulse density was 566.9 Pa·s, and the energy density was 2180.1 J / m³. 2 The peak pressure of the shock wave in Comparative Example 1 was 6.5 MPa, the impulse density was 74.5 Pa·s, and the energy density was 69 J / m³. 2The results show that a cone-shaped gel energetic material block with a mass of 3.2 g and a height of 20 mm can increase the peak pressure of shock waves by 1.8 times, the impulse density by 7.6 times, and the energy density by 31.6 times. Therefore, a continuous delivery device loaded with gel-like energetic material can significantly improve the amplitude, energy density, and impulse density of single shock waves, and can reliably and continuously generate shock waves.

[0124] See Figure 9 and Figure 12 The shock wave waveforms of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 were compared. The peak pressure of the shock wave in Example 3 was 11.5 MPa, the impulse density was 566.9 Pa·s, and the energy density was 2180.1 J / m³. 2 The peak pressure of the shock wave in Comparative Example 2 was 6.5 MPa, the impulse density was 155.5 Pa·s, and the energy density was 117.4 J / m³. 2 The results show that ungelled energetic materials can hardly enhance the shock wave of water gap discharge. This is because ungelled energetic materials lack self-support and remain in a fluid state. Without a shell, they cannot maintain detonation within the electrode gap, thus producing a shock wave similar to that of water gap discharge. Similar results were observed for solid-liquid composite energetic materials doped with other thickeners, such as cellulose acetate, because these methods fail to gel the energetic material and create self-supporting properties.

[0125] See Figure 9 and Figure 13 The shock wave waveforms of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were compared. The peak pressure of the shock wave in Example 3 was 11.5 MPa, the impulse density was 566.9 Pa·s, and the energy density was 2180.1 J / m³. 2 The peak pressure of the shock wave in Comparative Example 3 was 6.8 MPa, the impulse density was 337.6 Pa·s, and the energy density was 799.3 J / m³. 2 The results show that the larger the mass of the energetic material block pushed by the continuous pushing device in a single operation, the stronger the shock wave generated. At a mass of 10g, the gel-like energetic material can form a cone-shaped energetic material block with a height exceeding 5cm and a retention time in water exceeding 10min. In practical engineering, the mass and gap distance of the gel-like energetic material can be adjusted as needed to obtain the ideal shock wave peak value, impulse density, and energy density.

[0126] In summary, the gel-like energetic material and its continuous delivery device of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0127] 1. Significantly improves the peak pressure, impulse density, and energy density of a single shock wave in water gap discharge, and is compatible with all modified integrated gap discharge pulse sources.

[0128] 2. The gel-like energetic material has a self-supporting effect and can be directly pushed into the water gap without an outer shell. It does not fail or decompose under long-term immersion and can still detonate normally under the action of pulse current. At the same time, the shell-less structure greatly reduces the cost of manufacturing, transportation and use, and improves the reliability of the device.

[0129] 3. The continuous pushing device has a simple and reliable structure and a high degree of integration. The energetic materials in the storage chamber are stored stably for a long time without decomposition, failure, or explosion.

[0130] 4. The formulation and filling quality of gel-like energetic materials have a regulatory effect on shock waves. In practical engineering, they can be adjusted as needed to obtain the ideal shock wave peak value, impulse density and energy density.

[0131] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a continuous delivery device 2 for gel-like energetic materials, including a shell, which is a cylindrical structure assembled from a front shell, a middle shell and a rear shell;

[0132] The front housing contains an energetic material storage chamber 214, with an energetic material push port 216 at the front end communicating with the energetic material storage chamber 214, and an adapter socket at the rear end; the energetic material storage chamber 214 is filled with a gel-like energetic material 217; the middle housing contains a motor 206, with an adapter socket at the front end and a sealed adapter socket 203 at the rear end, the front adapter socket being used to connect with the adapter socket at the rear end of the front housing; the motor 206 is mounted on a screw 210; a push piston block 213 is mounted at the front end of the screw 210, and a sealing ring 212 is fitted on the push piston block 213; a silicone oil baffle 209 and a ball screw 208 are fixedly arranged between the push piston block 213 and the motor 206, and the ball screw... The lever 208 is located between the motor 206 and the silicone oil separator 209; silicone oil 207 is filled between the silicone oil separator 209 and the sealed adapter socket 203 at the rear end of the middle housing; the battery 201 and the control module 202 are arranged in the rear housing, and the sealed adapter socket 203 is provided at the front end for sealing connection with the sealed adapter socket 203 at the rear end of the middle housing. The rear end of the rear housing is a closed structure; the control module 202 is installed on the battery 201 and connected to the control end of the motor 206; the battery 201 is connected to the power end of the motor 206; the motor 206 drives the piston block 213 to push the gel-like energetic material 217 out of the energetic material push port 216 to form a cone-shaped energetic material block 218.

[0133] A gel-like energetic material is stored in an energetic material storage chamber 214. Under the action of the pushing piston block 213, it is pushed out through the energetic material pushing port 216 to form a conical energetic material block 218. The pushing piston block 213 is pushed forward by a screw 210 and is sealed to the outside by an annular sealing ring 212. A motor 206 is connected to the other end of the screw 210 and provides propulsion power. The motor 206 is completely immersed in silicone oil 207 for insulation and is sealed to the silicone oil partition 209 by a ball screw 208. During the propulsion process, multiple pressure relief holes 211 are provided between the silicone oil partition 209 and the pushing piston block 213 to maintain the same water pressure inside and outside the device. The motor 206 is powered by a battery 201 and controlled by a control module 202. It is connected to the motor control line 204 and the motor power line 205 through a sealed adapter socket 203. The control module 202 is equipped with Hall sensors, vibration sensors, etc., and can collect current signals, magnetic field signals, vibration signals, etc. to control the operation of the motor 206. The assembly thread 215 can be used to install the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 on the modified integrated gap discharge pulse source 4, thereby increasing the amplitude, impulse and energy of the shock wave.

[0134] The working principle of the continuous delivery device 2 for gel-like energetic materials of the present invention is as follows:

[0135] The continuous delivery device 2 for gel-like energetic materials can be installed on all modified integrated gap discharge pulse sources 4 as an important supplement to shock wave energy. Generally, the continuous delivery device 2 for gel-like energetic materials is installed on the ground electrode side, and the energetic material delivery port 216 replaces the ground electrode of the original water gap discharge device, forming a water gap with its high-voltage electrode. During initial operation, a pre-discharge method can be used to enable the control module 202 to pick up the magnetic field signal and start the motor 206, or energetic material can be preset in the gap. After the motor 206 starts working, the screw 210 pushes the delivery piston block 213 to squeeze the gel-like energetic material 217 in the energetic material storage chamber 214. The gel-like energetic material 217 will be squeezed out from the energetic material delivery port 216, thus forming a conical energetic material block 218 in the water gap. After the operator controls the external power supply to charge the capacitor, the three-electrode switch is triggered to form a discharge circuit, and electrical energy is quickly injected into the conical energetic material block 218. An electrical breakdown occurs inside the conical energetic material block 218, forming a plasma discharge channel. The resulting high temperature and radiation effects cause the conical energetic material block 218 to detonate, pushing the water medium to form a shock wave. During the discharge process, the control module 202 picks up the magnetic field signal and vibration signal again and starts the motor 206 to push the gel-like energetic material 217. The conical energetic material block 218 can be formed again in the gap, preparing for the next discharge and forming continuous working conditions. The energetic material push port 216 can be designed as a porous, Tesla valve or other form to prevent the detonation from igniting the gel-like energetic material 217 in the energetic material storage chamber 214. Furthermore, since the energetic material storage chamber 214 is installed on the ground electrode side, the current directly passes through the energetic material push port 216 to form a circuit without passing through the overall structure. Therefore, the gel-like energetic material 217 in the energetic material storage chamber 214 has no risk of sympathetic detonation. When the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 is submerged in water for a long time, the nitromethane at the energetic material delivery port 216 will gradually dissolve in the water, leaving hydrophobic fumed silica to form a hydrophobic protective layer. This allows the gel-like energetic material 217 inside the energetic material delivery port 216 to be stored for more than a month without failure or decomposition, and it can still be stably detonated.

[0136] like Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a gap discharge device, including an integrated gap discharge pulse source 4 and a continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials 2;

[0137] The integrated gap discharge pulse source 4 includes a housing with an open rear end. A small capacitor 406 is disposed inside the front end of the housing. A charging insulation 407 is disposed between the small capacitor 406 and the cable socket 408. The cable socket 408 is provided on the charging insulation 407 for connecting the small capacitor 406 to an external cable. A gas switch 405 is disposed at the rear end of the small capacitor 406. One end of the gas switch 405 is connected to the small capacitor 406, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage transmission rod 404. An electrode insulation 403 is sleeved on the outside of the high-voltage transmission rod 404, and a high-voltage electrode 402 is disposed at the end of the high-voltage transmission rod 404. A return column 401 is disposed at the rear end of the housing. The return column 401 is sealed to the front housing of the continuous pushing device 2, forming a detonation gap between the two. The high-voltage electrode 402 is located in the detonation gap. The energetic material pushing port 216 of the continuous pushing device 2 is connected to the detonation gap. The continuous pushing device 2 pushes a gel-like energetic material 217 into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block 218.

[0138] This invention's gap discharge device is suitable for outdoor operating environments, including mines, oil wells, and tunnels. It highly integrates a gas switch 405 and a small capacitor 406. The small capacitor 406 is charged via a portable coaxial cable 409 through a cable socket 408. Electrical energy is then transmitted to the water gap via a high-voltage transmission rod 404 and a high-voltage electrode 402, forming a circuit through a return column 401. Electrode insulation 403 and charging insulation 407 provide internal insulation. During use, a continuous pushing device is installed on one side of the return column 401, with its energetic material pushing port 216 forming a water gap with the high-voltage electrode 402.

[0139] like Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a water gap discharge experimental system, including a water gap discharge experimental platform 3 and the aforementioned gap discharge device;

[0140] The water gap discharge experimental platform 3 includes a water tank 310, a large capacitor 301, and an oscilloscope 311; the gap discharge device is vertically installed inside the water tank 310, and a coaxial transmission device 306 is installed at the front end; the rear end of the coaxial transmission device 306 is connected to the front end of the gap discharge device, and the front end is connected to one end of the coaxial cable 304, and the other end of the coaxial cable 304 is connected to the large capacitor 301 through a three-electrode switch 302;

[0141] A shock wave pressure probe 308 and a forming plate 309 are installed in the water inside the water tank 310. The shock wave pressure probe 308 and the forming plate 309 are respectively installed on both sides of the conical energetic material block 218 and are located on the path of the shock wave 307 generated by the detonation of the conical energetic material block 218. The oscilloscope 311 is connected to the shock wave pressure probe 308, the voltage probe 305 and the current probe 303 respectively. The voltage probe 305 is installed on the coaxial cable 304 and the current probe 303 is installed on the grounding wire of the coaxial cable and the three-electrode switch 302.

[0142] A continuous delivery device 2 for gel-like energetic materials is installed below a coaxial transmission device 306, and gel-like energetic materials 217 are stored inside the continuous delivery device 2. The entire continuous delivery device 2 is placed in a water tank 301 filled with water. After the continuous delivery device 2 is activated, a cone-shaped energetic material block 218 is formed in the gap between the water particles. After the laboratory large capacitor 301 is charged, it triggers a three-electrode switch 302, and electrical energy is injected into the cone-shaped energetic material block 218 through a coaxial cable 304. After electrical breakdown occurs inside the cone-shaped energetic material block 218, a plasma channel is formed. The resulting high temperature, radiation, and other effects cause the cone-shaped energetic material block 218 to detonate, and push the water medium to form a shock wave 307. The shock wave signal is picked up by a shock wave pressure probe 308, the discharge voltage signal is picked up by a voltage probe 305, and the current signal is picked up by a current probe 303. All of the above signals are recorded and saved by an oscilloscope 311. The shock wave generated by the water gap discharge experimental platform 3 is a free-water shock wave, which can be applied to scenarios such as machining and forming, and electrical pulse cleaning. The formed plate 309 can be processed by placing it in water and setting appropriate shock wave parameters.

[0143] This invention discloses a water gap discharge experimental method, comprising the following steps:

[0144] Step 1: Install the continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials 2:

[0145] Step 101: Install the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 directly below the coaxial transmission device 306, form a 20mm long water gap between the high voltage electrode 402 and the energetic material delivery port 216, and immerse the gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 in water.

[0146] Step 102: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor 301. When the voltage of the large capacitor 301 reaches 10kV and the stored energy reaches 300J, charging will stop.

[0147] Step 103: Trigger the three-electrode switch 302 for pre-discharge. After the control module 202 picks up the magnetic field signal, it controls the motor 206 to work.

[0148] Step 104: The gel-like energetic material 217 is pushed into the electrode gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block 218 with a mass of 3.2g and a height of 20mm.

[0149] Step 2: Detonate the cone-shaped energetic material block 218.

[0150] Step 201: Install a pressure sensor PCB 138 at a distance of 15cm from the load to measure the amplitude, impulse, and energy density of the shock wave generated by the energetic material;

[0151] Step 202: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor 301. When the voltage of the large capacitor 301 reaches 20kV and the stored energy reaches 1200J, charging will stop.

[0152] Step 203: Trigger the three-electrode switch 302 to form a discharge circuit. After the electrical energy is injected into the conical energetic material block 218, it detonates and generates a strong shock wave in the water.

[0153] like Figure 14 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a rock breaking system, including a portable power supply 503 and a gap discharge device; the gap discharge device is disposed in a plurality of prefabricated holes 502 in a target rock mass 501 with fracturing requirements, and the cable socket 408 of the gap discharge device is connected to the portable power supply 503 through a portable coaxial cable 409.

[0154] This embodiment demonstrates a dual-hole directional rock breaking scenario. Two parallel holes 502 are set on the side of the target rock mass 501 according to the fracturing requirements. The size of the holes 502 is slightly larger than the overall size of the assembled gel-like energetic material continuous delivery device 2 and the integrated gap discharge pulse source 4. The spacing between the holes 502 is determined based on multiple parameters, including the tensile strength of the rock mass and the morphology of the target crack. Generally, the greater the tensile strength of the rock mass and the more complex the target crack morphology, the closer the spacing of the holes 502. During field operations, the device is powered by a portable power supply 503. After connecting the device, the rock breaking operation begins. Dual-hole directional rock breaking will form directional cracks connecting the two holes, suitable for applications such as cutting seam roofs.

[0155] like Figure 15 As shown, this invention discloses a rock-breaking method using the above-mentioned rock-breaking system, comprising the following steps:

[0156] Step 1: First, determine the location and morphology of the cracks that need to be induced in the rock mass.

[0157] Step 2: Set a certain number and spacing of holes on the rock surface according to the cracking requirements.

[0158] Step 3: Assemble the same number of continuous pushing devices and integrated gap discharge pulse sources as the rock mass cavities. The continuous pushing devices are pre-loaded with gel-like energetic materials.

[0159] Step 4: Install the assembled device into the hole in the rock mass.

[0160] Step 5: Control the power supply to charge and pre-discharge to start the continuous pushing device.

[0161] Step 6: The pushing device pushes the gel-like energetic material into the gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block 218.

[0162] Step 7: Control the power supply to charge the capacitor.

[0163] Step 8: The capacitor voltage reaches the gas switch's limit withstand voltage.

[0164] Step 9: The switch breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the gap.

[0165] Step 10: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block 218 by gap discharge.

[0166] Step 11: Determine whether the target rock mass has achieved the desired fracturing effect. If it does not meet expectations, return to step 6, and the discharge circuit formed during detonation will restart the continuous pushing device. If it meets expectations, proceed to step 12.

[0167] Step 12: Take the device to the new working position and repeat steps 2-11 above until all target areas achieve the desired fracturing effect.

[0168] like Figure 16 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a vertical well shale reservoir stimulation system, including a control platform 601 and a gap discharge device, wherein the gap discharge device is installed inside the vertical well; the control platform 601 is connected to the gap discharge device via a cable to detonate a cone-shaped energetic material block 218 in the detonation gap to generate a shock wave.

[0169] like Figure 17 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a horizontal well shale reservoir stimulation system, including a control platform 601 and a gap discharge device, wherein the gap discharge device is installed in the horizontal well; the control platform 601 is connected to the gap discharge device by a cable to detonate a cone-shaped energetic material block 218 in the detonation gap to generate a shock wave.

[0170] This embodiment describes the stimulation of shale reservoirs in both vertical and horizontal wells. The device installation method is selected based on the shale oil reservoir stimulation scenario. For a vertical well (602), the device is installed at the working position under gravity using a coaxial cable (603). For a horizontal well (610), the device is pushed to the working position of the heated well (606) using coiled tubing (607). The surface control platform (601) charges the capacitor via cable, pre-discharging to initiate the continuous pushing device. The pushing device pushes a gel-like energetic material into the gap, forming a cone-shaped energetic material block (218). The surface control platform is then activated to charge the capacitor again. Once the capacitor voltage reaches the gas switch's limit withstand voltage, the switch breaks down, forming a discharge circuit. Energy is injected into the gap, detonating the cone-shaped energetic material block (218) to generate a strong shock wave. This strong shock wave couples into the reservoir, forming a complex fracture network (604). Repeating the shock wave a specific number of times at the same working position creates a complex fracture network near the target working position, increasing shale oil permeability. Once the reservoir stimulation achieves the desired effect, conventional methods can be used to extract shale oil in vertical well scenarios. In horizontal well scenarios, in-situ heating is required in the heated well to increase the permeability of the low-permeability shale oil 609 in production well 608. Subsequently, the production unit 605 is used to extract the low-permeability shale oil. In addition to reservoir stimulation, this device can also be used for oil and gas unblocking and well production enhancement, with similar operating procedures and methods.

[0171] See Figure 18 This invention discloses a method for shale oil reservoir stimulation, comprising the following steps:

[0172] Step 1: Determine whether the operation scenario is a vertical well or a horizontal well.

[0173] Step 2: If it is a vertical well, the device is installed at the working position under the action of gravity using the transmission coaxial cable 603. If it is a horizontal well, the device is pushed to the heating well working position using the coiled tubing 607.

[0174] Step 3: The ground control power supply charges the capacitor through the cable, and the pre-discharge starts the continuous pushing device.

[0175] Step 4: The pushing device pushes the gel-like energetic material into the gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block 218.

[0176] Step 5: The ground control power supply charges the capacitor via cable.

[0177] Step 6: The capacitor voltage reaches the gas switch's limit withstand voltage.

[0178] Step 7: The switch breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the gap.

[0179] Step 8: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block 218 with gap discharge.

[0180] Step 9: Repeat steps 4 to 8 a specific number of times at the same working location to create a complex fracture network near the target working location, thereby increasing the permeability of shale oil.

[0181] Step 10: Install the device to the new working position using a coaxial cable or continuous tubing.

[0182] Step 11: Evaluate the reservoir stimulation effect. If it does not meet expectations, return to Step 1 and run the device back into the well. If it meets expectations, proceed to Step 12.

[0183] Step 12: In the vertical well scenario, shale oil is directly extracted; in the horizontal well scenario, the permeability of low-permeability shale oil is increased by in-situ heating in the heated well, and shale oil is extracted in the production well.

[0184] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous delivery device for a gel-like energetic material, characterized in that, Includes a shell, which is a cylindrical structure assembled from a front shell, a middle shell, and a rear shell; The interior of the front shell is an energetic material storage chamber (214), with an energetic material push port (216) connected to the energetic material storage chamber (214) at the front end and an adapter socket at the rear end; the energetic material storage chamber (214) is filled with a gel-like energetic material (217); the gel-like energetic material, by mass parts, includes 30-65 parts of nitromethane, 10-30 parts of metal oxide powder, 15-40 parts of aluminum powder, and 1-3 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica gelled. A motor (206) is installed inside the middle housing. An adapter socket is installed at the front end and a sealed adapter socket (203) is installed at the rear end. The adapter socket at the front end is used to connect with the adapter socket at the rear end of the front housing. The motor (206) is mounted on a screw (210). A push piston block (213) is installed at the front end of the screw (210). A sealing ring (212) is fitted on the push piston block (213). A silicone oil partition (209) and a ball screw (208) are fixedly installed between the push piston block (213) and the motor (206). The ball screw (208) is located between the motor (206) and the silicone oil partition (209). Silicone oil (207) is filled between the silicone oil partition (209) and the sealed adapter socket (203) at the rear end of the middle housing. The rear housing contains a battery (201) and a control module (202). A sealed adapter socket (203) is provided at the front end for sealing connection with the sealed adapter socket (203) at the rear end of the middle housing. The rear end of the rear housing is a closed structure. The control module (202) is installed on the battery (201) and connected to the control end of the motor (206). The battery (201) is connected to the power supply end of the motor (206). The motor (206) drives the piston block (213) to push the gel-like energetic material (217) out of the energetic material push port (216) to form a conical energetic material block (218).

2. A gap discharge device, characterized in that, It includes an integrated gap discharge pulse source (4) and a continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials as described in claim 1 (2). The integrated gap discharge pulse source (4) includes a housing with an open rear end. A small capacitor (406) is disposed inside the front end of the housing. A charging insulation (407) is disposed between the small capacitor (406) and the cable socket (408). The cable socket (408) is provided on the charging insulation (407) for connecting the small capacitor (406) to an external cable. A gas switch (405) is disposed at the rear end of the small capacitor (406). One end of the gas switch (405) is connected to the small capacitor (406), and the other end is connected to a high-voltage transmission rod (404). 04) An electrode insulation (403) is sleeved on the outside, and a high-voltage electrode (402) is set at the end of the high-voltage transmission rod (404); a return column (401) is set at the rear end of the outer shell, and the return column (401) is sealed to the front shell of the continuous pushing device (2), forming an initiation gap between the two, and the high-voltage electrode (402) is located in the initiation gap; the energetic material pushing port (216) of the continuous pushing device (2) is connected to the initiation gap, and the continuous pushing device (2) pushes the gel-like energetic material (217) to the initiation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block (218).

3. A water gap discharge experimental system, characterized in that, It includes a water gap discharge experimental platform (3) and the gap discharge device as described in claim 2; The water gap discharge experimental platform (3) includes a water tank (310), a large capacitor (301), and an oscilloscope (311); the gap discharge device is vertically installed inside the water tank (310), and a coaxial transmission device (306) is installed at the front end; the rear end of the coaxial transmission device (306) is connected to the front end of the gap discharge device, and the front end is connected to one end of a coaxial cable (304), and the other end of the coaxial cable (304) is connected to the large capacitor (301) through a three-electrode switch (302); A shock wave pressure probe (308) and a forming plate (309) are installed in the water in the water tank (310). The shock wave pressure probe (308) and the forming plate (309) are respectively installed on both sides of the conical energetic material block (218) and located on the path of the shock wave (307) generated by the detonation of the conical energetic material block (218). The oscilloscope (311) is connected to the shock wave pressure probe (308), the voltage probe (305) and the current probe (303) respectively. The voltage probe (305) is installed on the coaxial cable (304) and the current probe (303) is installed on the grounding wire of the coaxial cable and the three-electrode switch (302).

4. A water gap discharge experimental method using the experimental system described in claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the gap discharge device below the coaxial transmission device (306), form a 20 mm long water gap between the high voltage electrode (402) and the energetic material push port (216), and immerse the gap discharge device in water; Step 2: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor (301). When the voltage of the large capacitor (301) reaches 10 kV and the stored energy reaches 300 J, charging will stop. Step 3: Trigger the three-electrode switch (302) to pre-discharge, and control module (202) controls motor (206) to work after picking up the magnetic field signal; Step 4: The gel-like energetic material (217) is pushed into the water gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block (218). Step 5: Install a shock wave pressure probe (308) at a distance of 15 cm from the conical energetic material block (218) to measure the amplitude, impulse and energy density of the shock wave (307) generated by the detonation of the conical energetic material block (218). Step 6: Control the high-voltage power supply to charge the large capacitor (301). When the voltage of the large capacitor (301) reaches 20 kV and the stored energy reaches 1200 J, charging will stop. Step 7: Trigger the three-electrode switch (302) to form a discharge circuit. After the electrical energy is injected into the conical energetic material block (218), it detonates and generates a shock wave (307) in the water.

5. A rock-breaking system, characterized in that, It includes a portable power supply (503) and the gap discharge device as described in claim 2; the gap discharge device is installed in a number of prefabricated holes (502) in the target rock mass (501) with fracturing requirements, and the cable socket (408) of the gap discharge device is connected to the portable power supply (503) through a portable coaxial cable (409).

6. A rock-breaking method using the system described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: First, determine the fracturing requirements of the target rock mass (501), including the fracturing location and crack morphology. Step 2: Set several holes (502) on the surface of the target rock mass (501) according to the fracturing requirements. Step 3: Install several gap discharge devices into the corresponding holes (502); Step 4: Control the power supply to charge and pre-discharge to start the continuous delivery device for gel-like energetic materials (2). Step 5: The gel-like energetic material continuous pushing device (2) pushes the gel-like energetic material (217) into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block (218). Step 6: Control the power supply to charge the capacitor; Step 7: The capacitor voltage reaches the limit withstand voltage of the gas switch (405); Step 8: The gas switch (405) breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the detonation gap; Step 9: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block (218) by discharge initiation through the detonation gap. Step 10: Determine whether the target rock mass (501) has achieved the fracturing effect. If it does not meet the expectations, return to step 5. The discharge circuit formed during detonation will restart the continuous pushing device. If it meets the expectations, execute step 11. Step 11: Install the gap discharge device to the new working position and repeat steps 2-10 above until the fracturing effect is achieved in all target areas.

7. A shale oil reservoir stimulation system, characterized in that, It includes a control platform (601) and the gap discharge device as described in claim 2, wherein the gap discharge device is installed in a vertical well or a horizontal well; the control platform (601) is connected to the gap discharge device by a cable to detonate the conical energetic material block (218) in the detonation gap to generate a shock wave.

8. A method for shale oil reservoir stimulation using the system described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the type of operation scenario, which includes vertical wells and horizontal wells; Step 2: If it is a vertical well, the gap discharge device is installed at the working position via a transmission coaxial cable (603); If it is a horizontal well, the gap discharge device is pushed to the heating well operation position through the coiled tubing (607); Step 3: The control platform (601) controls the power supply to charge the capacitor through the cable, and pre-discharges to start the continuous delivery device (2) for the gel-like energetic material. Step 4: The gel-like energetic material continuous pushing device (2) pushes the gel-like energetic material (217) into the detonation gap to form a cone-shaped energetic material block (218). Step 5: The control platform (601) controls the power supply to charge the capacitor through the cable; Step 6: The capacitor voltage reaches the limit withstand voltage of the gas switch (405); Step 7: The gas switch (405) breaks down, forming a discharge circuit, and energy is injected into the detonation gap; Step 8: Initiate the cone-shaped energetic material block (218) by discharge initiation through the detonation gap. Step 9: Evaluate the reservoir stimulation effect. If it does not meet expectations, return to step 4; if it meets expectations, proceed to step 10. Step 10: Install the gap discharge device at the new working position, and repeat steps 1 to 9 until all working scenarios are modified.

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