Cutting insert, cutting tool, and method of manufacturing a workpiece

Abstract

A workpiece is cut by cutting under a wide range of machining conditions. A first standing surface is adjacent to the cutting portion with a first surface therebetween, is inclined upward in a direction along the center axis as it moves away from the first surface, and moves away from the center axis as it moves closer to the rear end of the main body. A second standing surface extends from a second surface toward the rear end of the main body, and is inclined upward in a direction along the center axis as it moves away from the second surface. The rear end of the first standing surface is closer to the rear end of the main body in the direction along the center axis than the front end of the second standing surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to cutting inserts, cutting tools, and methods for manufacturing workpieces used in the cutting of workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] As a cutting insert used for machining workpieces made of metal or the like, the cutting insert described in Patent Document 1 is known, for example. The cutting insert described in Patent Document 1 has a cutting head (cutting section) and an insert shank (body). The cutting head has a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge. In addition, the rising face is located behind the rake face, and the rising face is inclined upwards along the central axis of the insert shank as it moves away from the rake face.

[0003] Prior art literature

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-519537 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The cutting insert disclosed herein comprises: a rod-shaped body extending along a central axis from a front end toward a rear end; and a cutting portion protruding laterally from the front end side of the body. The cutting portion has: a rake face, which is triangular in top view, and includes a corner that protrudes most prominently from the front end side of the body, a first side extending from the corner toward the body, and a second side extending from the corner toward the body and located closer to the rear end of the body than the first side; and a cutting edge located at least from the corner to the first side. The body has: a first face continuous with the rake face; a first raised face adjacent to the cutting portion across the first face and inclined upwards in a direction along the central axis as it moves away from the first face, and moving away from the central axis as it moves closer to the rear end of the body; a second face adjacent to the first face across the first raised face and extending from the front end toward the rear end of the body; and a second raised face extending from the second face toward the rear end of the body and inclined upwards in a direction along the central axis as it moves away from the second face. The rear end of the first standing surface is closer to the rear end of the body than the front end of the second standing surface in the direction along the central axis. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of the cutting blade in the embodiment.

[0008] Figure 2 From and Figure 1 Observing from different directions Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of the cutting blade shown.

[0009] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of the cutting blade shown.

[0010] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic side view of the cutting blade shown.

[0011] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 An enlarged view of the V section.

[0012] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of section VI.

[0013] Figure 7 It is along Figure 5 A sectional view of line VII-VII in the diagram.

[0014] Figure 8 It is along Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of line VIII-VIII in the diagram.

[0015] Figure 9 It is along Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the IX-IX line.

[0016] Figure 10 This is a schematic perspective view of the cutting tool used in the embodiment.

[0017] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic exploded perspective view of the cutting tool shown.

[0018] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the machined workpiece according to the embodiment.

[0019] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the machined workpiece according to the embodiment.

[0020] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the machined workpiece according to the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the machined workpiece according to the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the cutting insert, cutting tool, and workpiece according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail using the accompanying drawings. However, in the figures referred to below, only the constituent elements necessary for explaining the embodiments are simplified for ease of explanation. Therefore, the cutting insert of the embodiments of the present disclosure can have any constituent elements not shown in the referenced figures. In addition, the dimensions of the constituent elements in the figures do not accurately represent the actual dimensions of the constituent elements or the dimensional ratios of each component.

[0023] In this disclosure, "central axis" refers to an axis along the length of the main body, and is an axis passing through the center of at least one of the front or rear ends of the main body. For example, the central axis can be considered as an axis along the length of the main body's center of gravity when viewed from the rear end. "Lateral" refers to a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal section of the main body along the central axis. "Flat" means that it is not a curved surface or does not have any visually identifiable unevenness at a horizontal level. "Vertical direction" is defined with the cutting face of the cutting part facing vertically upward as a reference.

[0024] <Cutting inserts>

[0025] (Overall structure of the cutting blade)

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The overall structure of the cutting blade 10 according to the embodiments of this disclosure will be described. Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of the cutting blade in the embodiment. Figure 2 From and Figure 1 Observing from different directions Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of the cutting blade shown. Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of the cutting blade shown. Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic side view of the cutting blade shown.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the cutting insert 10 is used on the workpiece W (refer to) which is made of a metal material or the like. Figure 12The cutting tool component used in the cutting of a workpiece W is described above. The cutting insert 10 is primarily used for internal diameter cutting (internal diameter machining) in the cutting of the workpiece W. The cutting insert 10 is made of hard materials such as cemented carbide, cermet, and cBN. The cutting insert 10 has a rod-shaped body 12 extending along the central axis L from a front end 12a to a rear end 12b. The cutting insert 10 has a cutting portion 14 that contacts the workpiece W and performs cutting, protruding laterally from the front end 12a of the body 12. The body 12 and the cutting portion 14 are constructed from the same components, but they can also be constructed from different components, for example, joined by brazing or other joining methods. In this case, at least the cutting portion 14 is made of hard materials such as cemented carbide, cermet, and cBN.

[0028] A flat top surface 16 is located on the upper side of the main body 12, and extends in the direction along the central axis L. A flat bottom surface 18 is located on the lower side of the main body 12, and extends in the direction along the central axis L. An inclined surface 20 is located on the rear end 12b side of the main body 12, and the inclined surface 20 is inclined in a manner that decreases as it approaches the rear end 12b of the main body 12 in the direction along the central axis L.

[0029] (Specific structure of the cutting part)

[0030] Reference Figures 5 to 9 The specific structure of the cutting part 14 will be explained. Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of part IV. Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of section VI. Figure 7 It is along Figure 5 A sectional view of line VII-VII in the diagram. Figure 8 It is along Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of line VIII-VIII in the diagram. Figure 9 It is along Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the IX-IX line.

[0031] like Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the cutting part 14 has a rake face 22, which is triangular in shape when viewed from above. The rake face 22 includes a corner 22a that protrudes most laterally from the front end 12a of the main body 12, and a first side 22b extending from the corner 22a toward the main body 12. The rake face 22 also includes a second side 22c extending from the corner 22a toward the main body 12, located closer to the rear end 12b of the main body 12 than the first side 22b. It should be noted that the rake face can be, for example, a concave surface, or alternatively, as shown in the diagram. Figure 5 as well as Figure 6As shown, it is a flat surface.

[0032] The cutting section 14 has a first cutting edge C1, which is located over the entire area from corner 22a to first edge 22b. The cutting section 14 also has a second cutting edge C2, which is located over the entire area from corner 22a to second edge 22c. Additionally, a planar first flank face 24 is located below the first cutting edge C1, and a planar second flank face 26 is located below the second cutting edge C2. The first cutting edge C1 is located at the intersection of the rake face 22 and the first flank face 24, and the second cutting edge C2 is located at the intersection of the rake face 22 and the second flank face 26.

[0033] The first cutting edge C1 may be located in a region extending from corner 22a to a portion of the first side 22b, or it may not be located in the entire region of the first side 22b. Similarly, the second cutting edge C2 may be located in a region extending from corner 22a to a portion of the second side 22c, or it may not be located in the entire region of the second side 22c. The first cutting edge C1 can be omitted from the cutting section 14, and the second cutting edge C2 can be omitted from the cutting section 14.

[0034] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the rake face 22 can be inclined downwards at a first rake angle θ1 in a direction orthogonal to the central axis L as it moves away from the corner. The rake face 22 can also be inclined downwards at a second rake angle θ2 in a direction along the central axis as it approaches the rear end 12b of the body 12. In this case, chips are easily guided towards the first raised surface 30 (described later), and chip flow is easily controlled. In particular, the first rake angle θ1 can be set larger than the second rake angle θ2. In this case, chips easily flow towards the rear end 12b of the body 12, thus improving chip discharge.

[0035] (The specific structure of main body 12)

[0036] Reference Figure 5 And the specific structure of the 6 main bodies 12 is explained.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown in Figures 7-9, the main body 12 has a first surface 28 that is continuous with the rake face 22, and the first surface 28 has the same function as the rake face 22. It should be noted that the first surface 28 can be, for example, a concave curved surface, or alternatively, as shown in Figures 7-9. Figure 5And as shown in 7-9, the surface is flat. It should be noted that "the first surface 28 is continuous with the rake face 22" means that the first surface 28 and the rake face 22 are connected; for example, there are no steps between these surfaces. Alternatively, the boundary between the first surface 28 and the rake face 22 may not form an edge, but rather these surfaces are smoothly connected. In this case, the chips can flow smoothly from the rake face 22 to the first surface 28.

[0038] The first face 28 can be inclined downwards at a third rake angle θ3 in a direction orthogonal to the central axis L, moving away from the rake face 22. The first face 28 can also be inclined downwards at a fourth rake angle θ4 in a direction along the central axis L, moving closer to the rear end 12b of the body 12. In this case, the chips are easily guided towards the first raised face 30 (described later), and the chip flow is easily controlled.

[0039] In particular, the third rake angle θ3 can be set to be larger than the fourth rake angle θ4. In this embodiment, as an example, the third rake angle θ3 is set to the same angle as the first rake angle θ1, but it can also be set to a different angle. The fourth rake angle θ4 is set to the same angle as the second rake angle θ2, but it can also be set to a different angle. In this case, the chips tend to flow towards the rear end 12b of the body 12, thus improving chip discharge performance.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 6, the main body 12 has a first raised surface 30 adjacent to the cutting portion 14 across the first surface 28. The first raised surface 30 is inclined upward in a curved shape along the central axis L as it moves away from the first surface 28. The first raised surface 30 moves away from the central axis L as it approaches the rear end 12b of the main body 12. The first raised surface 30 functions as a chip breaker to break up the chips. The first raised surface 30 can easily and sufficiently ensure the area of ​​the rake face 22 when separated from the rake face 22.

[0041] The main body 12 has a flat second surface 32 adjacent to the first surface, separated from the first raised surface 30. The second surface 32 extends from the front end 12a of the main body 12 toward the rear end 12b. Additionally, the main body 12 has a second raised surface 34 extending from the second surface 32 toward the rear end 12b of the main body 12. The second raised surface 34 curves upwards along the central axis L as it moves away from the second surface 32. In other words, the second raised surface 34 bulges as it moves away from the second surface 32. The second raised surface 34 functions as a chip breaker for breaking up chips.

[0042] The rear end 30b of the first upright surface 30 can be closer to the rear end 12b of the body 12 in the direction along the central axis L than the front end 34a of the second upright surface 34. In this case, the flow of chips can be easily controlled by at least one of the first upright surface 30 and the second upright surface 34. Furthermore, the rear end 34b of the second upright surface 34 can also be closer to the rear end 12b of the body 12 in the direction along the central axis L than the rear end 30b of the first upright surface 30. In this case, the area of ​​the second upright surface 34 can be easily ensured. Therefore, when the depth of cut and the feed rate are large, chip processing can be stably performed through the second upright surface 34.

[0043] The rear end 34b of the first raised surface 34 can be closer to the rear end 12b of the body 12 than the upper end 30u of the first raised surface 30 in the direction along the central axis L. In this case, the flow of chips toward the cutting portion 14 in the side of the body 12 is suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the surface accuracy of the machined surface of the workpiece W.

[0044] The main body 12 has a notch 36 located on the opposite side of the cutting portion 14 in the front end 12a side of the main body 12. The width of the notch 36 can be set to be larger than the width of the cutting portion 14 in the direction along the central axis L. In this case, the chip discharge on the opposite side of the cutting portion 14 in the main body 12 can be improved, thereby suppressing chip clogging.

[0045] As mentioned above, the first raised surface 30 is adjacent to the cutting portion 14 across the first surface 28. Therefore, when the cutting depth is small, the first raised surface 30 can be used to control the flow of chips and perform processes such as chip breaking.

[0046] As described above, the first raised surface 30 moves away from the central axis L as it approaches the rear end 12b of the main body 12. The rear end 30b of the first raised surface 30 is closer to the rear end 12b of the main body 12 than the front end 34a of the second raised surface 34. Therefore, when the cut depth is large and the feed rate is small, the chip flow can be controlled by the first raised surface 30 to process the chips.

[0047] As described above, the rear end 30b of the first raised surface 30 is closer to the rear end 12b of the main body 12 than the front end 34a of the second raised surface 34. The rear end 34b of the second raised surface 34 is closer to the rear end 12b of the main body 12 than the rear end 34b of the first raised surface 34. This prevents the flow of chips from coinciding with both the first and second raised surfaces 30 and 34 in the direction along the central axis L. Therefore, when both the depth of cut and the feed rate are large, chip removal can be performed using the second raised surface 34. When both the depth of cut and the feed rate are moderate, chip removal can also be performed using at least one of the first raised surface 30 and the second raised surface 34.

[0048] That is, according to the embodiments of this disclosure, the workpiece W can be machined under a wide range of machining conditions.

[0049] <Cutting Tools>

[0050] Reference Figure 10 The cutting tools of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in 11. Figure 10 This is a schematic perspective view of the cutting tool used in the embodiment. Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic exploded perspective view of the cutting tool shown.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown in Figure 11, the cutting tool 38 of the embodiment has a rod-shaped tool holder 40, which extends from its front end 40a toward its rear end 40b. The tool holder 40 is made of a metal material such as iron or steel. The tool holder 40 has a hole-shaped groove 42, which is located at the front end 40a of the tool holder 40. The cutting tool 38 has a cutting insert 10 located in the groove 42, and the main body 12 is detachably mounted in the groove 42.

[0052] The tool holder 40 has multiple screw holes 44 located on its upper part. Bolts 46 are threaded into these screw holes, and the bolts 46 are engaged with the top surface 16 of the main body 12 (see reference). Figure 3 And 4) Press down. Additionally, the tool holder 40 has multiple pin holes 48 located on the side of the tool holder 40. A pin 50 is located in any one of the multiple pin holes 48, and the pin 50 is aligned with the inclined surface 20 of the body 12 (see reference). Figure 3 And 4) abutment. Thus, the cutting insert 10 can be fixed relative to the tool holder 40 while the protrusion length of the cutting insert 10 relative to the tool holder 40 is adjusted.

[0053] <Methods for manufacturing machined parts>

[0054] Reference Figures 11 to 14 A method for manufacturing a workpiece according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Figures 12 to 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the machined workpiece according to the embodiment.

[0055] like Figures 12 to 15As shown, the method for manufacturing a machined workpiece according to the embodiment is a method for manufacturing a workpiece W, i.e., a machined workpiece M, after machining, and includes a first step, a second step, and a third step. The first step is the step of rotating the workpiece W about its axis S. The second step is the step of bringing the cutting insert 10 of the cutting tool 38 into contact with the rotating workpiece W. The third step is the step of removing the cutting tool 38 from the workpiece W. Furthermore, the specific details of the method for manufacturing a machined workpiece according to the embodiment are described below.

[0056] like Figure 12 As shown, the workpiece W to be cut is mounted on the lathe chuck (not shown), and the chuck is rotated, causing the workpiece W to rotate about its axis S. Next, as... Figure 13 As shown, the cutting tool 38 is moved in the direction of arrow D1, thereby approaching the workpiece W, so that the cutting portion 14 of the cutting insert 10 contacts the inner circumferential surface Wf of the machined hole of the rotating workpiece W. Then, as... Figure 14 As shown, while the cutting portion 14 of the cutting insert 10 contacts the inner circumferential surface Wf of the machined hole of the workpiece W, the cutting tool 38 moves along the axis S of the workpiece W. This allows for the cutting of the workpiece W and the finishing of the inner circumferential surface Wf of the machined hole of the workpiece W.

[0057] After that, as Figure 15 As shown, by moving the cutting tool 38 in the direction of arrow D2, the cutting tool 38 is moved away from the workpiece W. This completes the cutting of the workpiece W and produces a finished workpiece W, i.e., a machined product M. The cutting insert 10 possesses excellent cutting capabilities for the aforementioned reasons, thus enabling the production of a machined product M with excellent machining accuracy.

[0058] During continuous cutting, while the workpiece W is rotating, the cutting portion 14 of the cutting tool 10 repeatedly contacts different parts of the workpiece W. In this embodiment, the cutting tool 38 is brought close to the workpiece W, but it is sufficient for the cutting tool 38 to be relatively close to the workpiece W; therefore, for example, the workpiece W can be brought close to the cutting tool 38. The same applies when the cutting tool 38 is moved away from the workpiece W.

[0059] The invention disclosed herein has been described above based on the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, the invention disclosed herein is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. That is, various modifications can be made to the invention disclosed herein, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the invention disclosed herein. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications or alterations based on this disclosure. Furthermore, it should be noted that these modifications or alterations are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0061] 10 cutting inserts

[0062] 12 main bodies

[0063] 12a front end

[0064] 12b backend

[0065] 14 Cutting section

[0066] 22 rake face

[0067] 22a corner

[0068] 22b First side

[0069] 22c Second side

[0070] C1 First Cutting Edge

[0071] C2 Second Cutting Edge

[0072] 28 First page

[0073] 30 First Elevation

[0074] 30b backend

[0075] 30u top

[0076] 32 Second page

[0077] 34 Second Elevation

[0078] 34b backend

[0079] 36 gaps

[0080] 38 cutting tools

[0081] 40 tool holder

[0082] 42-groove

[0083] L-center axis

[0084] W workpiece

[0085] Wf machining of the inner circumferential surface of the hole.

Claims

1. A cutting insert, wherein, The cutting blade has the following features: A rod-shaped body extending from the front end toward the rear end along a central axis; and The cutting portion protrudes laterally from the front end of the main body. The cutting part has: The front face is triangular in shape when viewed from above, and includes a corner that protrudes most from the front end of the body to the side, a first side extending from the corner toward the body, and a second side extending from the corner toward the body and located closer to the rear end of the body than the first side. as well as The cutting edge is located at least from the corner to the first edge. The subject has: The first face is continuous with the rake face; A first upright surface is adjacent to the cutting portion across the first surface, and slopes upward along the central axis as it moves away from the first surface, and moves away from the central axis as it approaches the rear end of the body; The second surface, which is adjacent to the first surface across the first raised surface, extends from the front end toward the rear end of the main body; and A second upright surface extends from the second surface toward the rear end of the body and slopes upwards along the central axis as it moves away from the second surface. The rear end of the first standing surface is closer to the rear end of the body than the front end of the second standing surface in the direction along the central axis.

2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The rear end of the second upright surface is closer to the rear end of the main body in the direction along the central axis than the rear end of the first upright surface.

3. The cutting insert according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first upright surface separates from the front cutting surface.

4. The cutting insert according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The rake face is inclined downward at a first rake angle in a direction orthogonal to the central axis as it moves away from the corner, and in a direction along the central axis as it moves closer to the rear end of the body at a second rake angle.

5. The cutting insert according to claim 4, wherein, The first front angle is set to be larger than the second front angle.

6. The cutting insert according to claim 4, wherein, The first face is inclined downward at a third rake angle in a direction orthogonal to the central axis as it moves away from the rake face, and in a direction along the central axis as it moves closer to the rear end of the body at a fourth rake angle.

7. The cutting insert according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The rear end of the first upright surface is closer to the rear end of the main body than the upper end of the first upright surface in the direction along the central axis.

8. The cutting insert according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The body has a notch on the opposite side of the cutting portion located on the front end side of the body, the width of the notch being set to be larger than the width of the cutting portion in the direction along the central axis.

9. A cutting tool, wherein, The cutting tool includes: A tool holder, which is a rod-shaped component extending from the front end to the rear end, and has a tool groove located at the front end; and The cutting blade according to claim 1 or 2, which is located in the cutting groove.

10. A method for manufacturing a workpiece that has been machined by cutting, wherein, The method for manufacturing the workpiece includes the following steps: Rotate the workpiece; The cutting tool of claim 9 is brought into contact with the rotating workpiece; and The cutting tool is moved away from the workpiece.

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