A method for blocking water in a flat adit of a pit slope of an open pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses an open-pit mine pit slope adit water plugging method, and belongs to the technical field of mine facilities, which comprehensively adopts multi-level measures such as retaining walls, waterproof cloth, dikes and plant ecosystems to ensure that excellent waterproof effect is realized under extreme hydrological conditions, water intrusion and soil erosion risks are effectively reduced, and the stability of the adit structure is enhanced by engineering means such as overloading columns, pile foundations and anchoring treatment, the potential risks of geological landslides and soil settlement are reduced, the sustainability and safety of the mine pit slope are ensured, the amphibious plants used in the method not only play a role in waterproofing, but also provide important habitats for the ecosystem, improve vegetation coverage and wildlife habitats, are beneficial to ecological restoration and protection, the construction cost of the overall scheme is low, and no subsequent maintenance operation is needed, and the construction flexibility is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining facilities technology, specifically, it relates to a method for blocking water in adits on the slopes of open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development and expansion of the mining industry, the number and scale of open-pit mines are gradually increasing. However, during the operation of open-pit mines, the stability and waterproofing performance of the mine slopes face severe challenges due to various factors such as geological conditions, climate, and mining activities.

[0003] Traditional methods for waterproofing mine slopes typically include concrete dams, earthwork engineering, and chemical treatments. However, these methods have some limitations. For example, concrete dams are expensive, have long construction periods, and are not suitable for all terrains; earthwork engineering is susceptible to erosion under long-term hydrological conditions; and chemical treatments may have adverse environmental impacts.

[0004] Therefore, a comprehensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly method is needed to address the stability and waterproofing issues of open-pit mine slopes. This method should be able to achieve sustainable soil and water conservation and ecological restoration under different geological conditions and hydrological environments, while controlling construction and maintenance costs.

[0005] This paper introduces an innovative method for water-blocking in open-pit mine slope adits. This method employs multi-layered engineering measures, including retaining walls, waterproof fabric, embankments, and amphibious plant ecosystems, to improve the slope's waterproofing performance, structural stability, and ecological protection benefits. Furthermore, this method emphasizes cost-effectiveness, construction flexibility, and the elimination of the need for subsequent maintenance, making it suitable for various open-pit mine environments. Through this method, the comprehensive goals of environmental protection, soil and water conservation, and enhanced ecological value can be achieved during mining activities.

[0006] In summary, the adit blocking method for open-pit mine slopes has potential for innovation and feasibility in solving mine slope problems, and is expected to be widely applied in the mining industry, providing strong support for environmental sustainability and mining development.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Clean the walls and ground at the entrance of the adit, which is five meters in front of the adit.

[0011] S2. Several pile foundations are poured evenly in the adit, and load-bearing columns are poured seamlessly on the top of the pile foundations;

[0012] S3. The two ends of the load-bearing column are anchored to the inner wall of the adit;

[0013] S4. A fully enclosed retaining wall is constructed on the surface of the load-bearing column.

[0014] S5. A waterproof cloth is attached to the surface of the retaining wall at the flat opening;

[0015] S6. Based on the height data of the adit, set up arc-shaped protective embankments at the corresponding distances;

[0016] S7. Fill the adit with soil until the soil pile submerges the embankment and is within the specified slope range;

[0017] S8. Plant amphibious plants on the surface of the mound and cover it with geonet;

[0018] S9. Evenly lay stones on the surface of the geonet.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: the cleaning of the adit includes the following steps:

[0020] S1.1 Remove all debris within five meters of the adit, including garbage, stones, wood, branches and leaves;

[0021] S1.2 Any pits or damage must be filled and repaired to ensure the surface of the adit is smooth;

[0022] S1.3 Inspect the wall structure of the adit for cracks, corrosion or damage, and repair them.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention: the soil cover depth of the pile foundation is 3-5m, and when the pile foundation and the load-bearing column are seamlessly poured, the steel cage of the load-bearing column is tied to the reserved steel bars of the pile foundation, and then the load-bearing column is poured by setting up a mold above the pile foundation for curing.

[0024] As a further aspect of the present invention: the retaining wall construction steps include:

[0025] S4.1. Attach the formwork to both sides of several load-bearing columns. The formwork on the right side of the load-bearing column should be attached to the load-bearing column, and the formwork on the left side should be 5-15cm away from the side of the load-bearing column.

[0026] S4.2 After the retaining wall is formed, remove the formwork and apply a waterproof spray coating to the surface of the retaining wall.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention, the anchoring process includes the following steps:

[0028] S3.1 When the load-bearing column steel cage is in the casting mold, make two anchor holes at the top of the adit in the vertical state and at the 45-degree angle respectively, and make one anchor hole at the bottom of the steel cage at the same angle.

[0029] S3.2 Clean the debris from the inner wall of the anchor hole, then inject anchoring grout into the interior, and then insert the anchor rod to obtain a vertical anchor rod, an upper inclined anchor rod, and a lower inclined anchor rod.

[0030] S3.3 After the vertical anchor rods, upper inclined anchor rods and lower inclined anchor rods are all tied to the steel cage of the corresponding load-bearing column, the pouring operation of the load-bearing column can be carried out.

[0031] As a further aspect of the present invention: the waterproof fabric includes EPDM rubber waterproof fabric, polyvinyl chloride waterproof fabric and HDPE waterproof membrane, and the waterproof fabric is laid with the outer side bent.

[0032] As a further aspect of the present invention: the distance D between the revetment and the adit includes:

[0033] D = H × Tan(θ);

[0034] Where: D is the bottom edge protection distance / m, H is the height of the opening / m, and θ is the slope angle / °.

[0035] As a further aspect of the present invention: the diameter of the stones ranges from 10 to 50 cm, and the distribution density of the stones is 4 to 15 stones per square meter.

[0036] As a further aspect of the invention: the plants include reeds, cattails, and sedges.

[0037] Beneficial effects:

[0038] This open-pit mine slope adit water-blocking method comprehensively employs multi-layered measures, including retaining walls, waterproof fabric, embankments, and plant ecosystems, to ensure excellent waterproofing performance under extreme hydrological conditions. It effectively reduces the risk of water intrusion and soil erosion. Through engineering methods such as load-bearing columns, pile foundations, and anchoring, the stability of the adit structure is enhanced, reducing the potential risks of landslides and soil subsidence, and ensuring the sustainability and safety of the mine slope. The amphibious plants used in the method not only play a role in waterproofing but also provide important habitats for the ecosystem, improving vegetation cover and wildlife habitats, thus contributing to ecological restoration and protection. The overall solution has low construction costs, requires no subsequent maintenance, and offers high construction flexibility.

[0039] Meanwhile, by using soil covering, the load-bearing columns and retaining walls experience less environmental change, resulting in better weather resistance. The triangular soil mounds act as an external buffer, providing high protection for the retaining walls, reducing cracking caused by impacts, and ensuring the safety of the adit.

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0041] In the attached diagram:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the process structure of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural overview diagram of the construction site of this invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Open-pit mine; 2. Adit; 3. Pile foundation; 4. Load-bearing column; 5. Reinforcing cage; 6. Vertical anchor; 7. Upper inclined anchor; 8. Lower inclined anchor; 9. Retaining wall; 10. Waterproof cloth; 11. Soil mound; 12. Geonet; 13. Embankment; 14. Stone layer; 15. Vegetation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Clean the walls and ground at the entrance of adit 2, which is five meters in front of adit 2.

[0048] S2. Several pile foundations 3 are poured evenly in the adit 2, and load-bearing columns 4 are poured seamlessly on the top of the pile foundations 3.

[0049] S3. The two ends of the load-bearing column 4 are anchored to the inner wall of the adit 2;

[0050] S4. Based on the load-bearing column 4, a fully enclosed retaining wall 9 is constructed on its surface;

[0051] S5. Waterproof cloth 10 is attached to the surface of the retaining wall 9 at the flat opening;

[0052] S6. Based on the height data of the adit 2, set up an arc-shaped embankment 13 at the corresponding distance;

[0053] S7. Fill the adit 2 opening with soil mound 11 until soil mound 11 submerges the embankment 13 and is within the specified slope range;

[0054] S8. Plant amphibious plants on the surface of the mound 11 and cover it with geonet 12;

[0055] S9. Evenly lay stones on the surface of geonet 12.

[0056] This open-pit mine slope adit water-blocking method employs multi-layered engineering measures to ensure excellent waterproofing under extreme hydrological conditions, while enhancing the stability of the adit 2 structure. First, the area five meters in front of the adit 2 entrance is thoroughly cleared, including removing debris, repairing damaged areas, and inspecting the wall structure. Then, several pile foundations 3 are evenly poured inside the adit 2, and load-bearing columns 4 are seamlessly poured atop the pile foundations 3, connecting them to the inner wall of the adit 2 through anchoring. Next, based on the load-bearing columns 4, a fully enclosed retaining wall 9 is constructed, and a waterproof fabric 10 is attached to the surface of the retaining wall 9. Furthermore, an arc-shaped embankment 13 is constructed according to the height data of the adit 2. Then, a mound of soil 11 is filled into the adit 2 entrance, planted with amphibious plants, and covered with geonet 12. Finally, stones are evenly laid to form a comprehensive waterproofing system.

[0057] The installation of pile foundation 3 and the anchoring treatment of load-bearing columns 4 enhance the structural stability of adit 2 and reduce the potential risks of geological landslides and soil settlement. The construction of retaining wall 9 and the covering of waterproof fabric 10 improve the waterproof performance of the slope. In addition, the use of amphibious plants not only plays a role in waterproofing but also provides an important habitat for the ecosystem, improves vegetation cover and wildlife habitats, and is beneficial to ecological restoration and protection.

[0058] This method effectively reduces the risk of water intrusion and soil erosion, protecting the environment of the open-pit mine 1. Compared with traditional methods, this method has lower construction costs and requires no subsequent maintenance, making it economically efficient. Furthermore, by using soil covering, the load-bearing columns 4 and retaining walls 9 experience less environmental change, making them more weather-resistant and improving the protective properties of retaining walls 9. In summary, this open-pit mine slope adit water-blocking method provides an environmentally friendly, stable, and economical solution for the mining industry, and can be widely applied in the mining sector.

[0059] The cleaning of the two adit outlets includes the following steps:

[0060] S1.1 Clear all debris within five meters of adit 2, including garbage, stones, wood, branches and leaves;

[0061] S1.2 Any pits or damage must be filled and repaired to ensure that the surface of the adit 2 opening is flat;

[0062] S1.3 Inspect the wall structure of adit 2 for cracks, corrosion or damage, and repair them.

[0063] The soil cover depth of pile foundation 3 is 3-5m. When the pile foundation 3 and the load-bearing column 4 are seamlessly poured, the steel cage 5 of the load-bearing column 4 is tied to the reserved steel bars of the pile foundation 3. Then, the load-bearing column 4 is poured through the formwork erected above the pile foundation 3 for curing.

[0064] The construction steps for retaining wall 9 include:

[0065] S4.1. Adhere the templates to both sides of several load-bearing columns 4. The templates on the right side of the load-bearing column 4 are in a close fit with the load-bearing column 4, and the templates on the left side are kept 5-15cm apart from the side of the load-bearing column 4.

[0066] S4.2 After the retaining wall 9 is formed, remove the template and apply a waterproof spray coating to the surface of the retaining wall 9.

[0067] The load-bearing column 4 and pile foundation 3 enhance the overall structural stability of the adit 2. The pile foundation 3 provides robust foundation support, helping to distribute and bear the load on the upper part of the adit 2. As a structural element connecting the adit 2 and the pile foundation 3, the load-bearing column 4 further enhances the overall bearing capacity, making the adit 2 more stable. The pile foundation 3 is cast underground, ensuring high stability and providing excellent support for the load-bearing column 4, effectively preventing settlement. At the same time, the retaining wall 9 on the surface, relying on the load-bearing column 4, provides strong support for the soil mound 11, preventing the directly piled wall from collapsing.

[0068] Meanwhile, the surface is anchored, with vertical anchor rods 6, which can more tightly fix the top of the load-bearing column 4. The two upper inclined anchor rods 7 and the lower inclined anchor rods 8 can provide a tensile force when the load-bearing column 4 is subjected to a reverse force under the anchoring action in the inclined state, ensuring that it has better strength.

[0069] When using a small adit 2, the use of pile foundation 3 can be eliminated, and load-bearing columns 4 and anchoring can be used directly as support, and retaining wall 9 can be constructed at the end.

[0070] Anchoring treatment includes the following steps:

[0071] S3.1 When the load-bearing column 4 and the steel cage 5 are in the casting mold, make two anchor holes at the top of the adit 2 in the vertical state and at the 45-degree angle respectively, and make a 45-degree angle anchor hole at the bottom of the steel cage 5 in the same way.

[0072] S3.2 Clean the debris from the inner wall of the anchor hole, then inject anchoring grout into the interior, and then insert the anchor rod to obtain a vertical anchor rod 6, an upper inclined anchor rod 7, and a lower inclined anchor rod 8.

[0073] S3.3 After binding the vertical anchor rod 6, the upper inclined anchor rod 7 and the lower inclined anchor rod 8 to the steel cage 5 of the corresponding load-bearing column 4, the pouring operation of the load-bearing column 4 can be carried out.

[0074] The waterproof fabric 10 comprises EPDM rubber waterproof fabric 10, polyvinyl chloride waterproof fabric 10, and HDPE waterproof membrane, which is laid with the fabric 10 folded outwards. The stones range in diameter from 10 to 50 cm, with a distribution density of 4 to 15 stones per square meter. Plants include reeds, cattails, and sedges.

[0075] The waterproof fabric 10 effectively isolates moisture, preventing it from penetrating into the interior of the adit 2 structure. This is crucial for maintaining the dryness and stability of the adit 2 interior, especially in areas with abundant rainfall or water sources. The waterproof fabric 10 prevents soil erosion, protecting the soil around the adit 2 from being washed away by water flow. This helps maintain slope stability and reduces the risk of soil loss. Located on the surface of the retaining wall 9, the waterproof fabric 10 acts as a protective layer, reducing damage to the retaining wall 9 and waterproofing materials caused by external factors. The waterproof fabric 10 enhances the overall effectiveness of the waterproofing system. In conjunction with waterproof spraying materials, it ensures the waterproof performance of the retaining wall 9.

[0076] The distance D between the construction of embankment 13 and adit 2 includes:

[0077] D = H × Tan(θ);

[0078] Where: D is the bottom edge protection distance / m, H is the height of the opening / m, and θ is the slope angle / °.

[0079] The laying of stones effectively prevents soil erosion. When water flows through the adit 2 or slope, the stones prevent soil from being washed away, thus protecting the stability of the slope. It increases the weight and weather resistance of the mound 11, reducing the risk of deformation and collapse. It acts as an external buffer layer, reducing the likelihood of impact or damage to the retaining wall 9. The stone covering compacts the surface of the mound 11, reducing soil loss, and the compaction also helps the waterproof fabric 10 or other waterproof materials adhere better to the surface of the retaining wall 9, improving waterproofing. Planting amphibious plants in the gaps between the stones can improve the ecological environment, provide habitats for wildlife, and contribute to ecological restoration.

[0080] By using a steel cage 5, the support strength of the load-bearing column 4 can be improved.

[0081] By using a vegetation layer 15, soil erosion of the mound 11 can be effectively reduced. At the same time, the roots and stems of the plants can form a net-like structure within the mound 11, which enhances the grip and improves its waterproofness.

[0082] By setting up the protective embankment 13, the bottom of the soil mound 11 can be enclosed, which can effectively reduce the scattered area of ​​the soil mound 11 and make it more concentrated.

[0083] Example:

[0084] Waterproofing of slopes in iron ore mining sites

[0085] Environmental background: The iron ore mine is located in a rainy area with frequent seasonal rainfall. The slopes of the mine pit are prone to water infiltration and landslides, requiring a slope waterproofing method to ensure the stability of the mine pit and environmental protection.

[0086] Implementation steps:

[0087] On-site assessment: First, an on-site assessment was conducted to determine the specific areas requiring slope waterproofing. Considering the characteristics of iron ore mining sites, a steep open-pit mine slope was selected as a demonstration area.

[0088] Adit 2 Cleaning: Clean the first five meters of Adit 2 in the demonstration area. Remove all debris, including garbage, stones, wood, branches, and leaves. Simultaneously, fill and repair any potholes or breaks, ensuring the surface of the Adit 2 opening is smooth, and repair any cracks, corrosion, or damage to the wall structure.

[0089] Pile foundation 3 and load-bearing column 4: Several pile foundations 3 are uniformly poured within the demonstration area, and load-bearing columns 4 are seamlessly poured at the top of the pile foundations 3. The depth of the pile foundations 3 is between 3 and 5 meters, and the two ends of the load-bearing columns 4 are anchored to the inner wall of the adit 2. The reinforcing cage 5 is tied to the reserved reinforcing bars of the pile foundations 3, and then the load-bearing columns 4 are poured through a mold erected above the pile foundations 3 for curing.

[0090] Retaining wall 9 and waterproof tarpaulin 10: Construct a fully enclosed retaining wall 9 on the load-bearing columns 4. Attach templates to both sides of several load-bearing columns 4 to ensure the surface of the retaining wall 9 is flat. After the retaining wall 9 is formed, remove the templates and apply a waterproof spray coating to its surface. Use waterproof materials such as EPDM rubber waterproof tarpaulin 10, polyvinyl chloride waterproof tarpaulin 10, or HDPE waterproof membrane, bending outwards as you lay it.

[0091] Embankment 13 and mound 11: Based on the height data of adit 2, an arc-shaped embankment 13 is constructed at corresponding distances. Mound 11 is filled at the entrance of adit 2 until it submerges the embankment 13 and is within a specified slope range. Aquatic and terrestrial plants, such as reeds, cattails, and sedges, are planted on the surface of mound 11, and then covered with geonet 12.

[0092] Stone covering: Evenly lay stones on the surface of geonet 12. The diameter of the stones ranges from 10 to 50 cm, and the distribution density is 4 to 15 stones per square meter.

[0093] Effects and Advantages: Through the above implementation steps, the slope of the open-pit mine 1 in the iron ore mine was waterproofed, reducing the risk of water infiltration and soil erosion, and improving the stability of adit 2. Simultaneously, the planting of amphibious plants improved the ecological environment, achieving ecological restoration and protection. The overall solution has low construction costs, requires no subsequent maintenance, and offers high construction flexibility, meeting the actual needs of the iron ore mine.

[0094] Compared to traditional methods, this solution is characterized by low cost and significant waterproofing effect. Traditional methods directly use cement pouring, which has a significant advantage in terms of the high cost of subsequent opening, construction costs, and maintenance costs. The external soil mound 11 is directly covered, and the retaining wall 9 does not bear high stress, but has a good protective effect. It is also more convenient to open it when the adit 2 is reused in the future.

[0095] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine, characterized in that, Including the following methods: S1. Clean the walls and ground at the entrance of the adit (2) five meters in front of the adit (2); S2. Several pile foundations (3) are poured evenly in the adit (2), and a load-bearing column (4) is poured seamlessly at the top of the pile foundations (3). S3. The two ends of the load-bearing column (4) are anchored to the inner wall of the adit (2); S4. Based on the load-bearing column (4), a fully enclosed retaining wall (9) is constructed on its surface. S5. Waterproof cloth (10) is attached to the surface of the retaining wall (9) at the flat opening. S6. Based on the height data of the adit (2), set up an arc-shaped embankment (13) at the corresponding distance. S7. Fill the adit (2) with soil mound (11) until the soil mound (11) submerges the embankment (13) and is within the specified slope range; S8. Plant amphibious plants on the surface of the mound (11) and cover it with geonet (12); S9. Evenly lay stones on the surface of the geonet (12).

2. The method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning of the adit (2) includes the following steps: S1.1 Clear all debris within five meters of the adit (2), including garbage, stones, wood, branches and leaves; S1.2 Any pits or damage need to be filled and repaired to ensure that the surface of the adit (2) opening is flat; S1.3 Inspect the wall structure of the adit (2) for cracks, corrosion or damage, and repair them.

3. The method for blocking water in an open-pit mine slope adit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil cover depth of the pile foundation (3) is 3-5m. When the pile foundation (3) and the load-bearing column (4) are seamlessly poured, the steel cage (5) of the load-bearing column (4) is tied to the reserved steel bar of the pile foundation (3). Then, the load-bearing column (4) is poured by setting up a mold above the pile foundation (3) for curing.

4. The method for blocking water in an open-pit mine slope adit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction steps of the retaining wall (9) include: S4.

1. The templates are attached to both sides of several load-bearing columns (4). The templates on the right side of the load-bearing column (4) are attached to the load-bearing column (4), and the templates on the left side are 5-15cm apart from the side of the load-bearing column (4). S4.2 After the retaining wall (9) is formed, the template is removed and the surface of the retaining wall (9) is treated with waterproof spraying material.

5. A method for blocking water in an open-pit mine slope adit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anchoring process includes the following steps: S3.1 When the reinforcing cage (5) of the load-bearing column (4) is in the casting mold, make two anchor holes for the top of the adit (2) in the vertical state and the 45-degree angle inclined state respectively, and make a 45-degree angle anchor hole at the bottom of the reinforcing cage (5). S3.2 Clean the debris from the inner wall of the anchor hole, then inject anchoring grout into the interior, and then insert the anchor rod to obtain a vertical anchor rod (6), an upper inclined anchor rod (7), and a lower inclined anchor rod (8). S3.3 After binding the vertical anchor rod (6), the upper inclined anchor rod (7) and the lower inclined anchor rod (8) to the steel cage (5) of the corresponding load-bearing column (4), the pouring operation of the load-bearing column (4) can be carried out.

6. The method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof fabric (10) is bent outward and laid out. The waterproof fabric (10) includes EPDM rubber waterproof fabric (10), polyvinyl chloride waterproof fabric (10) or HDPE waterproof membrane.

7. The method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance D between the revetment (13) and the adit (2) is: D = H × Tan(θ); Where: D is the bottom edge protection distance / m, H is the height of the opening / m, and θ is the slope angle / °.

8. The method for blocking water in an open-pit mine slope adit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the stones ranges from 10 to 50 cm, and the distribution density of the stones is 4 to 15 stones per square meter.

9. A method for blocking water in an adit on the slope of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plants mentioned include reeds, cattails, and sedges.

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