A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, and particularly to a 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises a mixed powder A, a simple powder B, and a mixed solution C. The mixed powder A comprises cement, quartz sand, fly ash, silica fume, and gneiss powder; the simple powder B comprises bagasse fiber; and the mixed solution C comprises water, an antifreeze agent, a defoamer, and a water reducer. The proportions of the components in parts by weight are as follows: 30-35 parts of cement; 43-48 parts of quartz sand; 1.7-2.5 parts of fly ash; 2.5-4 parts of silica fume; 3-5 parts of gneiss powder; 10-13 parts of water; 1-2 parts of bagasse fiber; 0.2-0.5 parts of antifreeze agent; 0.3-0.5 parts of defoamer; and 0.1-0.4 parts of water reducer. The present invention increases structural density, reduces structural porosity and water content, improves the antifreeze performance of the material, and improves the mechanical properties of the material, and can be used to simulate rock mass tests around LNG reservoirs in ultra-low temperature environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, and in particular to a 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock-like material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas, it has become very necessary for the country to reserve corresponding resources. There are certain risks in storing LNG and LPG above ground. When the storage tank leaks, it will not only pollute the environment, but also have a certain risk of explosion. Therefore, underground storage has significant advantages, such as safety, economy, and environmental protection. It has become a major trend in storing liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas. There are currently some successful cases of LPG underground storage. For LNG storage, since the liquefaction temperature of LNG requires -162°C, the rock mass around the storage is subjected to ultra-low temperature, resulting in a large number of cracks, which makes the construction of the storage difficult and also brings certain difficulties to research.

[0003] Currently, research on similar materials mostly simulates the mechanical properties of rocks at room temperature, but there are not many similar materials that simulate the performance of rocks in ultra-low temperature environments. There is even less research on ultra-low temperature materials that can be used for 3D printing. The rock materials that have been studied so far are prone to cracking under ultra-low temperature conditions due to their high water content and large porosity, and cannot meet the experimental requirements in ultra-low temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock-like material and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material, comprising a mixed powder A, a simple powder B, and a mixed solution C, wherein the mixed powder A comprises cement, quartz sand, fly ash, silica fume, and gneiss rock powder; the simple powder B comprises bagasse fiber; and the mixed solution C comprises water, an antifreeze agent, a defoaming agent, and a water reducing agent, wherein the weight ratios of the components are as follows:

[0006] Cement: 30-35 parts;

[0007] Quartz sand: 43-48 parts;

[0008] Fly ash: 1.7-2.5 parts;

[0009] Silica fume: 2.5-4 parts;

[0010] Gneiss rock powder: 3-5 parts;

[0011] Water: 10-13 parts;

[0012] Bagasse fiber: 1-2 parts;

[0013] Antifreeze: 0.2-0.5 parts;

[0014] Defoaming agent: 0.3-0.5 parts;

[0015] Water reducing agent: 0.1-0.4 parts.

[0016] Furthermore, the cement is PO 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, which is used for bonding and adhesion to improve the strength of rock-like materials.

[0017] Furthermore, the quartz sand has a particle size of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm and a mesh size of 40 to 80. The quartz sand is used as a filling aggregate and determines the physical and mechanical properties of the rock-like material.

[0018] Furthermore, the fly ash chemical composition includes SiO2 and Al2O3, and the specific surface area is 456.1m 2 / kg, fly ash is used to reduce water usage and improve the strength of the material.

[0019] Furthermore, the average particle size of the silica fume is 0.24 μm and the specific surface area is 484.6 m 2 / kg, silica fume and fly ash constitute mineral admixtures.

[0020] Furthermore, the average particle size of the gneiss rock powder is 0.65 μm, and the specific surface area is 280 m 2 / kg.

[0021] Furthermore, the bagasse fiber components include lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and fat, and the bagasse fiber is used to enhance the toughness, ductility, and frost resistance of similar materials.

[0022] Furthermore, the water reducer is selected as a polycarboxylate water reducer.

[0023] Furthermore, the cement is selected as: 32 parts, quartz sand is selected as: 45 parts, fly ash is selected as: 2 parts, silica fume is selected as: 3 parts, gneiss rock powder is selected as: 4 parts, water is selected as: 11 parts, sugarcane bagasse fiber is selected as: 2 parts, antifreeze is selected as: 0.3 parts, defoaming agent is selected as: 0.4 parts, and polycarboxylic acid water reducer is selected as: 0.2 parts.

[0024] A method for preparing ultra-low temperature rock materials for 3D printing, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Weigh cement, quartz sand, fly ash, and silica fume according to the proportions, put the quartz sand and fly ash into a mixer and stir for 1 minute, then add cement and continue stirring for 2 minutes, then add gneiss rock powder and continue stirring for 2 minutes, and finally add silica fume and continue stirring. The total stirring time is not less than 7 minutes to obtain mixed powder A;

[0026] Step 2: Pre-treat the bagasse and obtain powder B according to the proportion;

[0027] Step 3: Weigh water, antifreeze, defoaming agent, and water reducer according to the ratio, mix and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution C;

[0028] Step 4: Add powder B to mixed powder A and stir for 3 minutes, then add mixed solution C to the mixture in batches, adding 20% ​​each time, stirring for 1 minute, and continue adding and stirring to ensure that the total stirring time is not less than 8 minutes to obtain the 3D printing material;

[0029] The preprocessing in step 2 specifically includes:

[0030] a: Soak the bagasse fiber in a 6% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour;

[0031] b: After removing the bagasse, rinse it in a 1% acetic acid solution to neutralize the excess sodium hydroxide in the bagasse fiber;

[0032] c. Washing the bagasse fiber rinsed with acetic acid in water, removing the acetic acid remaining on the fiber surface, and washing until neutral;

[0033] d: The rinsed fiber was dried with warm air for 1 hour, put into a grinder for grinding, and the 20-40 mesh portion was taken to obtain powder B.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] The present invention has a good simulation of the mechanical properties of rocks in ultra-low temperature environments. A small amount of gneiss rock powder is added to the material. Due to its small particle size, a small amount of addition can fill the skeleton, increase the structural density, reduce the structural porosity and moisture content, and improve the antifreeze performance of the material. In the treatment of sugarcane bagasse fiber, full consideration is given to the certain deterioration problem of sugarcane bagasse fiber in cement-based materials. Therefore, the sugarcane bagasse fiber is alkali-treated in advance to destroy the lignin, hemicellulose, oil wax and other substances on its surface, increase its surface roughness, promote the bonding between the fiber and the cement matrix interface, and thus improve the mechanical properties of the material. It can be used to simulate the rock mass test around LNG reservoirs in ultra-low temperature environments.

[0036] The present invention has good 3D printing performance. Its fluidity, extrudability, buildability and open time all meet actual printing requirements. It can ensure that the material is continuous and uninterrupted during the printing process without clogging the nozzle. After completion, the structure will not collapse and there will be no obvious deformation. Compared with traditional methods, through 3D printing and extruding rock-like materials, the material stacking position can be accurately defined, and accurate, rapid and automated production can be achieved. At the same time, steps such as building a model are eliminated, saving manpower and material resources, and greatly improving the efficiency of specimen production.

[0037] The invention has stable overall chemical properties, is non-toxic and harmless, can be used for long-term research, consumes a large amount of sugarcane bagasse industrial waste, and has good environmental and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process flow of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an extrudability evaluation test for a rock-like material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a constructability evaluation test for rock-like materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of bagasse fiber that has not been treated with alkali;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of alkali-treated bagasse fiber of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, a 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material includes a mixed powder A, a simple powder B, and a mixed solution C, wherein the mixed powder A includes cement, quartz sand, fly ash, silica fume, and gneiss rock powder; the simple powder B includes bagasse fiber; and the mixed solution C includes water, antifreeze, defoaming agent, and water reducing agent, and the weight ratios of the components are as follows:

[0048] The cement selected is: 32 parts, the quartz sand selected is: 45 parts, the fly ash selected is: 2 parts, the silica fume selected is: 3 parts, the gneiss rock powder selected is: 4 parts, the water selected is: 11 parts, the sugarcane bagasse fiber selected is: 2 parts, the antifreeze selected is: 0.3 parts, the defoaming agent selected is: 0.4 parts, and the polycarboxylic acid water reducer selected is: 0.2 parts.

[0049] The cement is PO 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, which is used for bonding and improving the strength of rock-like materials.

[0050] The particle size of quartz sand is 1mm and the mesh size is 60. Quartz sand is used as filling aggregate and determines the physical and mechanical properties of rock-like materials.

[0051] The chemical composition of fly ash includes SiO2 and Al2O3, and the specific surface area is 456.1m 2 / kg, fly ash is used to reduce water usage and improve the strength of the material.

[0052] The average particle size of silica fume is 0.24 μm and the specific surface area is 484.6 m 2 / kg, silica fume and fly ash constitute mineral admixtures. Silica fume can enhance the extrusion performance and constructibility of the material and affect the elastic modulus.

[0053] The average particle size of gneiss rock powder is 0.65 μm and the specific surface area is 280 m 2 / kg.

[0054] The components of sugarcane bagasse fiber include lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and fat. Sugarcane bagasse fiber is used to enhance the toughness, ductility, and frost resistance of similar materials, and plays an internal maintenance role.

[0055] The water reducer is polycarboxylic acid water reducer.

[0056] A method for preparing ultra-low temperature rock materials for 3D printing, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Weigh cement, quartz sand, fly ash, and silica fume according to the above-mentioned proportions, put the quartz sand and fly ash into a mixer and stir for 1 minute, then add cement and continue stirring for 2 minutes, then add gneiss rock powder and continue stirring for 2 minutes, and finally add silica fume and continue stirring. The total stirring time is not less than 7 minutes to obtain mixed powder A;

[0058] Step 2: Pre-treat the bagasse and obtain powder B according to the proportion;

[0059] Step 3: Weigh water, antifreeze, defoaming agent, and water reducer according to the ratio, mix and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution C;

[0060] Step 4: Add powder B to mixed powder A and stir for 3 minutes, then add mixed solution C to the mixture in batches, adding 20% ​​each time, stirring for 1 minute, and continue adding and stirring to ensure that the total stirring time is not less than 8 minutes to obtain the 3D printing material;

[0061] The preprocessing in step 2 specifically includes:

[0062] a: Soak the bagasse fiber in a 6% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour;

[0063] b: After removing the bagasse, rinse it in a 1% acetic acid solution to neutralize the excess sodium hydroxide in the bagasse fiber;

[0064] c. Washing the bagasse fiber rinsed with acetic acid in water, removing the acetic acid remaining on the fiber surface, and washing until neutral;

[0065] d: The rinsed fiber was dried with warm air for 1 hour, put into a grinder for grinding, and the 30-mesh portion was taken to obtain powder B.

[0066] The specific method of using this example to 3D print similar materials is as follows: the mixed material is transported to the 3D printing feed bin, vibrated for 1-3 minutes to eliminate internal bubbles, and the time from the end of stirring to the end of vibration shall not exceed 5 minutes. The printing nozzle is set to 9×9mm 2 The square printing nozzle has a printing nozzle travel speed of 30mm / s and a design layer height of 6mm.

[0067] Related performance tests were performed on similar materials of this embodiment and the printed structures described above:

[0068] Liquidity evaluation

[0069] Fluidity refers to the smooth transportation of concrete from the pipeline to the nozzle. Its fluidity is required to meet the pumping requirements. The material in this example was subjected to an electric jumping table test, and its test value was 183-196mm, which meets the fluidity requirements.

[0070] Extrudability evaluation:

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, extrudability refers to the ability of 3D printed concrete to be continuously extruded by the nozzle and to give the deposited layer a geometric shape. In this embodiment, 9×9mm 2 The square-opening printing nozzle extrudes filament at a printing speed of 30 mm / s. Ten round trips with a total length of 2500 mm of filament were printed. It was found that it could extrude a long distance without breaking, and the nozzle would not be blocked during the extrusion process.

[0072] Constructability evaluation:

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, buildability refers to the ability of the material to maintain its extruded shape under its own weight and upper pressure, as well as the ability of the deposited fresh material to resist deformation under load. In this example, the nozzle is 9×9mm 2 With a square opening and a printing speed of 30 mm / s, 15 layers of a 200 mm long and 18 mm wide rectangular structure were printed and stacked, ensuring that it did not deform or collapse within 10 minutes, indicating that this example has good construction performance.

[0074] Setting time evaluation:

[0075] The printing material requires a longer setting time to obtain good fluidity and extrudability, while also requiring a shorter setting time to obtain sufficient early strength. According to tests, the setting time in this example is 45 minutes.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] The only difference from Example 1 is that the cement is selected as: 30 parts, the quartz sand is selected as: 48 parts, the fly ash is selected as: 1.7 parts, the silica fume is selected as: 2.5 parts, the gneiss rock powder is selected as: 3 parts, the water is selected as: 12.8 parts, the bagasse fiber is selected as: 1 part, the antifreeze is selected as: 0.2 parts, the defoaming agent is selected as: 0.5 parts, the polycarboxylate water reducer is selected as: 0.3 parts, the quartz sand particle size is 0.5 mm, the mesh size is 40 mesh, and the powder B is selected as 20 mesh.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] The only difference from Example 1 is that the cement is selected as: 34 parts, the quartz sand is selected as: 43 parts, the fly ash is selected as: 2.3 parts, the silica fume is selected as: 3.6 parts, the gneiss rock powder is selected as: 4.5 parts, the water is selected as: 10 parts, the sugarcane bagasse fiber is selected as: 1.3 parts, the antifreeze is selected as: 0.5 parts, the defoaming agent is selected as: 0.5 parts, the polycarboxylate water reducer is selected as: 0.3 parts, the quartz sand particle size is 1.5 mm, the mesh size is 80 mesh, and the powder B is selected as 40 mesh.

[0080] Comparative Example 1:

[0081] With the exception of 7 parts gneiss rock powder, all other material types, addition amounts, mixing method, and printing parameters were the same as in Example 1. Test results showed that the material could be printed successfully, but the excessive gneiss rock powder content reduced the amount of gel material involved in cement hydration, significantly reducing the material's performance.

[0082] Comparative Example 2:

[0083] like Figure 4-5 As shown in the figure, except that the bagasse fibers were not alkali-treated, the other material types, addition amounts, mixing methods, and printing parameters were the same as in Example 1. The test results show that due to the lack of alkali treatment, the bagasse fibers hydrolyzed and mineralized in the cement matrix, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of similar materials. Furthermore, the bond between the plant fibers and the cement matrix was weak, resulting in a significant decrease in the construction performance after 3D printing. Before alkali treatment, the fiber surface was filled with a large amount of white, colloidal material, primarily hemicellulose. After alkali treatment, the removal of hemicellulose resulted in a clean, more pronounced surface with larger interfiber gaps. Similar to the effect of increasing the number of fibers, the bonding between the fibers and the substrate was also improved.

[0084] Comparative Example 3:

[0085] The most commonly used 3D printing rock material mix ratio was adopted: cement: gypsum: aggregate: water = 178:64:236:88. After weighing these materials, they were added to a container and stirred evenly. All other conditions remained the same as in Example 1. Test results show that the mechanical properties of common 3D printing rock materials are severely damaged at low temperatures. Severe cracking is already evident at -20°C, and above -40°C, the rock mass is severely damaged, making strength testing impossible.

[0086] As shown in Table 1, the mechanical properties of Example 1, Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3 were compared and evaluated under ultra-low temperature conditions.

[0087] Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties:

[0088] According to Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, 60 rectangular parallelepiped specimens of 50 mm × 50 mm × 100 mm were 3D printed.

[0089] The specimens were cured for 28 days. After reaching the curing age, they were subjected to ultra-low temperature testing using a high-low temperature alternating test chamber connected to a liquid nitrogen tank. During the test, the cured specimens were placed in a low-temperature chamber with a temperature gradient set at 20°C, 0°C, -20°C, -40°C, -100°C, and -160°C. The cooling rate of the low-temperature chamber was 2-3°C / min, and the temperature was maintained at the predetermined temperature for 20 minutes. After the cooling was completed, uniaxial compression tests and Brazilian splitting tests were carried out. To ensure data reliability, 5 specimens were taken for parallel testing under each set of conditions, with 60 specimens for each ratio.

[0090] As shown in Appendix 2, Example 1 and sandstone were evaluated for their rock-like properties under ultra-low temperature conditions.

[0091] Lithology evaluation:

[0092] 60 3D printed rectangular specimens of 50mm×50mm×100mm and 60 sandstone specimens of the same size were selected.

[0093] The specimens were cured for 28 days. After reaching the curing age, they were subjected to ultra-low-temperature testing in a high-low temperature alternating test chamber connected to a liquid nitrogen tank. During the test, the cured specimens were placed in a cryogenic chamber with a temperature gradient set at 20°C, 0°C, -20°C, -40°C, -100°C, and -160°C. The chamber cooled at a rate of 2-3°C / min, and the temperature was maintained at the desired temperature for 20 minutes. After the cooling was complete, uniaxial compression tests and Brazilian splitting tests were conducted. To ensure data reliability, five specimens were tested in parallel under each condition, for a total of 60 3D-printed specimens and 60 original rock specimens.

[0094] Table 1-1 Compressive strength of different mix ratios at different temperatures

[0095]

[0096] Table 1-2 Tensile strength of different mix ratios at different temperatures

[0097]

[0098] Table 2-1 Comparison of the change rate of sandstone compressive strength at different temperatures and Example 1

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Table 2-2 Comparison of the change rate of sandstone tensile strength at different temperatures with Example 1

[0102]

[0103] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0104] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material, comprising a mixed powder A, a single substance powder B, and a mixed solution C, characterized in that: The mixed powder A includes cement, quartz sand, fly ash, silica fume, and gneiss powder; the single powder B includes bagasse fiber; and the mixed solution C includes water, antifreeze, defoamer, and water reducer, wherein the weight ratios of the components are as follows: Cement: 30-35 parts; Quartz sand: 43-48 parts; Fly ash: 1.7-2.5 parts; Silica fume: 2.5-4 parts; Gneiss rock powder: 3-5 parts; Water: 10-13 parts; Bagasse fiber: 1-2 parts; Antifreeze: 0.2-0.5 parts; Defoaming agent: 0.3-0.5 parts; Water reducing agent: 0.1-0.4 parts; The cement is P·O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, which is used for bonding and adhesion to improve the strength of rock-like materials; The quartz sand has a particle size of 0.5mm-1.5mm and a mesh size of 40-80. The quartz sand is used as a filling aggregate and determines the physical and mechanical properties of the rock-like material. The bagasse fiber components include lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and fat. The bagasse fiber is used to enhance the toughness, ductility, and frost resistance of similar materials. The method for preparing the 3D printed ultra-low temperature rock-like material comprises the following steps: Step 1: Weigh cement, quartz sand, fly ash, and silica fume according to the proportions, put the quartz sand and fly ash into a mixer and stir for 1 minute, then add cement and continue stirring for 2 minutes, then add gneiss rock powder and continue stirring for 2 minutes, and finally add silica fume and continue stirring. The total stirring time is not less than 7 minutes to obtain mixed powder A; Step 2: Pre-treating the bagasse fiber to obtain the simple powder B according to the proportion; Step 3: Weigh water, antifreeze, defoaming agent, and water reducer according to the ratio, mix and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution C; Step 4: Add the single powder B to the mixed powder A and stir for 3 minutes, then add the mixed solution C to the mixture gradually, adding 20% ​​each time, stirring for 1 minute, and continue adding and stirring to ensure that the total stirring time is not less than 8 minutes to obtain the 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material; The preprocessing in step 2 specifically includes: a: Soak the bagasse fiber in a 6% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour; b: After taking out the bagasse fiber, rinse it in a 1% acetic acid solution to neutralize the excess sodium hydroxide in the bagasse fiber; c. Washing the bagasse fiber rinsed with acetic acid in water, removing the acetic acid remaining on the fiber surface, and washing until neutral; d: The rinsed fiber was dried with warm air for 1 hour, and then ground in a grinder. The 20-40 mesh portion was taken to obtain the elemental powder B.

2. A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fly ash chemical composition includes SiO2 and Al2O3, and the specific surface area is 456.1m 2 / kg, fly ash is used to reduce water usage and improve the strength of the material.

3. A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The average particle size of the silica fume is 0.24 μm, and the specific surface area is 484.6 m 2 / kg, silica fume and fly ash constitute mineral admixtures.

4. A 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the gneiss rock powder is 0.65 μm, and the specific surface area is 280 m 2 / kg.

5. The 3D printing ultra-low temperature rock material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement is selected as: 32 parts, quartz sand is selected as: 45 parts, fly ash is selected as: 2 parts, silica fume is selected as: 3 parts, gneiss rock powder is selected as: 4 parts, water is selected as: 11 parts, sugarcane bagasse fiber is selected as: 2 parts, antifreeze is selected as: 0.3 parts, defoaming agent is selected as: 0.4 parts, and water reducer is selected as: 0.2 parts.

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