Chemical component analysis method of roxburgh rose and matcha tablet and research method of mechanism of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine research, in particular to a chemical component analysis method of Rosa roxburghii tratt matcha tablets and a mechanism research method of the tablets in treating type 2 diabetes. The present application identifies active substances in the Rosa roxburghii tratt matcha tablets through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and a total of 43 monomer substances are identified. The present application screens and obtains target points of the identified compounds through various databases, and obtains 21 core target points related to diabetes by combining network pharmacology methods, and determines 9 bioactive substances in the Rosa roxburghii tratt matcha tablets related to the core target points of diabetes, including catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin, and rose acid, etc., which provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of functional food for assisting in reducing blood sugar and provides a theoretical basis for deep processing products of Rosa roxburghii tratt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine research technology, specifically to the chemical composition analysis method of prickly pear matcha tablets and the research method on their mechanism of action in treating type 2 diabetes. Background Technology

[0002] Prickly pear, a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family, also known as Liangzhi fruit or Songchungui, is mainly distributed in southwestern my country, especially in Guizhou Province, where it is abundant in planting resources and is one of Guizhou's specialty agricultural products, widely recognized for its high vitamin C content. Experiments have found that prickly pear has anti-cancer, blood sugar-lowering, antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory effects. Drinking green tea can reduce the risk of type II diabetes, with tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, and tea pigments playing important roles.

[0003] In 2013, researchers estimated using a sample that the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese adults had risen to 11.6%, meaning over 100 million people with diabetes. In 2020, the "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents" showed that the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese residents aged 18 and above was 11.9%, with type II diabetes being the main type. Currently, the number of diabetes patients continues to increase, bringing a heavy economic and stress burden. The "Dietary Guidelines for Adults with Diabetes (2023)" points out that many risk factors for diabetes are related to an unhealthy diet, and correcting unhealthy lifestyle habits, practicing a reasonable diet, and engaging in regular exercise have always been effective means of preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diabetes. Compressed candy, as a common snack, is widely popular among consumers. Therefore, producing a compressed candy using healthy ingredients such as prickly pear and matcha, which are beneficial for lowering blood sugar, has broad consumer prospects and application value.

[0004] However, current research is mostly limited to the anti-glycemic effects of substances abundant in prickly pear and matcha, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. Research analyzing the anti-glycemic effects and mechanisms of individual substances is relatively scarce. Therefore, this application presents a research method for studying the potential hypoglycemic active substances and their core targets in prickly pear and matcha tablets, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods that aid in hypoglycemia and for the development of deep-processed prickly pear products. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a method for analyzing the chemical components of prickly pear matcha tablets and a method for studying their mechanism of action in treating type 2 diabetes, including the following:

[0006] A method for determining multiple components in prickly pear matcha tablets, which is used to simultaneously determine multiple components in prickly pear matcha tablets, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for determination;

[0007] The specific chromatographic conditions are as follows:

[0008] Waters ACQUITY UPLC system; Column: Waters HSS T3 UPLC column, 2.1*100 mm, 1.8 μm; Mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid (A): acetonitrile (B); Elution program as follows: Flow rate: 0.36 mL / min; Detection wavelengths: 280 nm, 230 nm, 254 nm and 320 nm; Column temperature: 35℃; Injection volume: 1 μL;

[0009]

[0010] The specific mass spectrometry conditions are as follows: Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF mass spectrometer, ESI ion source for positive and negative ion detection; source voltage: 2.5 kV, N2 flow rate: 600 L / h, collision gas: nitrogen; capillary temperature: 400℃; cone gas flow rate: 50 L / h; gas source temperature: 100℃; full scan mode, molecular weight scan range: 50~1500; collision-induced dissociation voltage: 6V (low energy), 30~60 V (high energy).

[0011] Furthermore, the prickly pear matcha tablets are compressed candies made from prickly pear fruit powder, matcha powder, and other excipients. Specifically, they are obtained by uniformly mixing 20% ​​prickly pear fruit powder, 5% matcha powder (No. 5 powder), 15% skim milk powder, 25% refined granulated sugar, 20% xylitol, 5% sorbitol, 5% resistant dextrin, and 5% isomaltitol, and then compressing them into tablets using a tableting machine.

[0012] Furthermore, the test solution was prepared by the following method: prickly pear matcha slices were taken, ground evenly, accurately weighed, extracted with methanol by ultrasonication, and filtered.

[0013] A research method for studying the mechanism of action of prickly pear matcha tablets in treating type 2 diabetes includes the following steps:

[0014] (1) Potential active target analysis: The active compounds in the prickly pear matcha tablets were queried for corresponding active targets through the SwissTargetPrediction database;

[0015] (2) Pathway analysis: The active targets of the prickly pear matcha tablets were submitted to the STRING database, and enrichment analysis of the KEGG and Reactome pathways was performed respectively;

[0016] (3) Intersection analysis of prickly pear matcha tablets and type 2 diabetes target: Genes related to T2DM were retrieved using the OMIM, Dig See and TTD databases with the keyword "Type 2 diabetes mellitus". The intersection of these genes with the potential active targets of prickly pear matcha tablets obtained in step (1) was obtained by taking the intersection with Venny.

[0017] (4) Protein-protein interaction analysis of common targets: Import the intersection targets into the String database to obtain their protein-protein interaction relationships (PPI);

[0018] (5) Acquisition of core targets and key compounds: The data obtained from the string is imported into the software Cytoscape 3.7.1, the data is exported and filtered. After two screenings, the first screening is based on twice the median of the degree value, and the second screening is based on three criteria: the median of the degree, the median of the betweeness, and the median of the closeness. The core targets are obtained, and the main active compounds are determined through the core targets.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (1), the active compounds in the prickly pear matcha tablets are compounds obtained by the method described above for determining multiple components in the prickly pear matcha tablets.

[0020] Furthermore, the prickly pear matcha tablets are compressed prickly pear matcha candies made from prickly pear fruit powder, matcha powder, and other excipients.

[0021] Furthermore, the KEGG signaling pathway includes the insulin signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, the chemokine signaling pathway, and platelet activation.

[0022] Furthermore, the Reactome pathway includes interleukin-4 and interleukin-3 signaling pathways, synaptic cleft 5-hydroxytryptamine clearance, and synaptic cleft dopamine clearance.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0024] (1) The present invention uses liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to determine the chemical composition of prickly pear matcha slices and comprehensively characterizes the chemical composition of prickly pear matcha slices. It can simultaneously detect 43 monomeric substances from prickly pear matcha slices, including vitamin C, rosinic acid, quercetin-3-O-sophorobiose-7-O-rhamnoside, Eschweilenol C, epicatechin gallate, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragaloside, catechin, prickly pear glycoside F1 and other substances.

[0025] (2) This application screened the identified compounds and obtained targets through multiple databases, and combined with network pharmacology methods, ultimately obtained 21 diabetes-related targets in the prickly pear matcha tablets, and obtained 9 active compounds related to the targets, namely catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin, rosinic acid, proanthocyanidin C1, epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin C2, proanthocyanidin B2-3'-O-gallic acid, (2R, 2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihy droxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

[0026] (3) The research and analysis methods of this application can analyze and determine the active substances and targets of the prickly pear matcha tablets in the fight against type II diabetes, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods that help lower blood sugar. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a high-performance liquid chromatogram of prickly pear matcha tablets, in which... Figure 1 (a) is in positive ion mode. Figure 1 (b) is the negative ion mode.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a common target of prickly pear matcha tablets and type 2 diabetes. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further defined below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description made.

[0030] Example:

[0031] 1. Materials and Methods

[0032] 1.1 Materials and Instruments

[0033] Prickly Pear Matcha Tablets: 20g of prickly pear fruit powder, 5g of matcha powder (No. 5 powder), 15g of skim milk powder, 25g of refined granulated sugar, 20g of xylitol, 5g of sorbitol, 5g of resistant dextrin, and 5g of isomaltitol are evenly mixed and then compressed into tablets using a tablet press to obtain uniformly colored, smooth, and tightly packed prickly pear matcha compressed candies. Waters ACQUITY UPLC chromatograph; column: Waters HSST3 UPLC column (2.1*100 mm, 1.8 μm); Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF mass spectrometer; chromatographic grade formic acid; chromatographic grade acetonitrile.

[0034] 1.2 Sample Pretreatment

[0035] Take several slices of prickly pear matcha, grind them evenly, weigh 1.0 g, add 25 ml of methanol and extract by ultrasonication for 30 min, filter through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane, and wait for analysis.

[0036] 1.3 UPLC Conditions

[0037] Waters ACQUITY UPLC system; Column: Waters HSS T3 UPLC column (2.1*100 mm, 1.8 μm). Mobile phase system: 0.1% formic acid (A): acetonitrile (B); elution according to the gradient program in Table 1 below; Flow rate: 0.36 mL / min; Detection wavelengths: 280 nm, 230 nm, 254 nm and 320 nm; Column temperature: 35℃; Injection volume: 1 μL.

[0038] Table 1 Gradient Extraction Procedure

[0039]

[0040] 1.4 Mass Spectrometry Conditions

[0041] Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF mass spectrometer with ESI ion source for positive and negative ion detection; source voltage: 2.5 kV, N2 flow rate: 600 L / h, collision gas: nitrogen; capillary temperature: 400℃; cone gas flow rate: 50 L / h; gas source temperature: 100℃; full scan mode, molecular weight scan range: 50~1500; collision-induced dissociation voltage: 6V (low energy), 30~60 V (high energy).

[0042] 1.5 Network Pharmacological Analysis

[0043] 1.5.1 Analysis of potential active targets

[0044] Search for the corresponding active target using the SwissTargetPrediction database (http: / / www.swisstargetprediction.ch / ).

[0045] 1.5.2 Pathway Analysis

[0046] The active targets of the prickly pear matcha tablets were submitted to the STRING database (https: / / www.string-db.org / ) for enrichment analysis of the KEGG and Reactome pathways.

[0047] 1.5.3 Pathway-related disease analysis

[0048] The MalaCard database was used to search for the names of the KEGG and Reactom pathways to obtain the diseases associated with these pathways, and the diseases with the highest relevance were selected based on their scores.

[0049] 1.5.4 Intersection analysis of prickly pear matcha tablets and type 2 diabetes targets

[0050] Genes related to T2DM were searched using the keywords "Type 2diabetes mellitus" in databases such as OMIM (http: / / www.omim.org / ), Dig See (http: / / 210.107.182.61 / geneSearch / ), and TTD (http: / / bidd.nus.edu.sg / group / cjttd / ).

[0051] 1.5.5 Analysis of protein-protein interactions with common targets

[0052] Import the intersection targets into the String database to obtain their protein-protein interaction relationships (PPI).

[0053] 1.5.6 Acquisition of core targets and key compounds

[0054] The data obtained from the string is imported into the software Cytoscape 3.7.1. The data is exported for analysis and filtered. After two filtering processes, the first filtering is based on twice the median of the degree value, and the second filtering is based on three criteria: the median of the degree, the median of the betweeness, and the median of the closeness, to obtain the core target.

[0055] 2 Results and Analysis

[0056] 2.1 LC-MS spectrum

[0057] See details Figure 1 .

[0058] 2.2 LC-MS Analysis of Chemical Components of Prickly Pear Matcha Tablets

[0059] As shown in Table 2, a total of 43 monomeric compounds were identified, including 9 tannins such as 3-galloylquinic acid, proanthocyanidin C2, and proanthocyanidin C1; 11 triterpenes such as Rosamultin, Arjunetin, rosiglin F1, and 1-β-hydroxyrosiglinic acid; and 7 proanthocyanidins such as proanthocyanidin B2-3'-O-gallic acid and (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphen) The plant contains 15.43 ± 0.07 mg / mL of the following components: yl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol, etc.; 9 flavonoids (containing flavanes), including epicatechin, gallocatechin gallate, quercetin-3-O-sophorobiose-7-O-rhamnoside, etc.; 1 alkaloid, namely caffeine; 1 vitamin, namely vitamin C; and 6 other components, including Eschweilenol C, Grandidentatin, Octadecanoic acid, etc. Vitamin C is an important organic acid in prickly pear, with a content reaching 15.43 ± 0.07 mg / mL. In the prickly pear pomace, gallic acid catechin, catechin, proanthocyanidin B1, epicatechin, quercetin-6-C-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin were identified. The main components of tea are tea polyphenols, including catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate. Therefore, the catechins identified in this study may originate from prickly pear powder and matcha powder.

[0060] Table 2. LC-MS analysis results of chemical components of prickly pear matcha slices

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Note: a is (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi- 2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol, b is 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol-2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

[0064] 2.3 Prediction of the potential efficacy of prickly pear matcha tablets based on network pharmacology

[0065] 2.3.1 Acquisition of active ingredient targets in prickly pear and matcha tablets

[0066] The 43 monomeric compounds obtained were used to search the SwissTargetPrediction database to identify a total of 292 target sites.

[0067] 2.3.2 Enrichment analysis of target pathways in prickly pear and matcha tablets

[0068] Potential targets of 292 active ingredients from prickly pear matcha tablets were submitted to the STRING database. Enrichment analyses of the KEGG and Reactome pathways were performed, yielding 180 KEGG pathway pathways and 204 Reactome pathway pathways. The KEGG signaling pathways include insulin, PPAR, chemokine, and platelet activation; the Reactome pathways include interleukin-4 and interleukin-3 signaling pathways, synaptic cleft serotonin clearance, and synaptic cleft dopamine clearance.

[0069] 2.3.3 Prediction of the potential efficacy of prickly pear matcha tablets

[0070] Using the MalaCard database, 180 KEGG pathway names and 204 Reactom pathway names were obtained, and the diseases associated with these pathways were identified. The diseases with the highest correlation scores were then selected (Table 3). Table 3 shows that diseases with a high correlation to prickly pear matcha tablets include breast cancer (2779 points), type 2 diabetes (1300 points), and systemic lupus erythematosus (573 points).

[0071] The "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020)" shows that the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese residents aged 18 and above is 11.9%. Multiple studies have shown that diabetes, as a chronic metabolic disease, can increase the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, this paper focuses on type 2 diabetes and conducts a network pharmacological study on the potential mechanism of action of prickly pear matcha tablets against type 2 diabetes.

[0072] Table 3. Screening of potential efficacy of prickly pear matcha tablets

[0073]

[0074] 2.4 Network pharmacology study on the potential mechanism of action of prickly pear and matcha tablets in the fight against type 2 diabetes

[0075] 2.4.1 Enrichment analysis of target pathways in prickly pear and matcha tablets

[0076] Genes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were retrieved using OMIM, Dig See, and TTD databases with the keyword "Type 2 diabetes mellitus". After merging and deduplication, 12,930 disease targets were obtained. These were then intersected with 292 targets from prickly pear matcha tablets using Venny analysis, yielding 263 overlapping targets (e.g., ...). Figure 2 ).

[0077] 2.4.2 Analysis of interactions between proteins targeting common targets

[0078] The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of 263 common targets were imported into the String database. The protein PPI network showed 263 nodes, 2942 edges, and an average node degree of 22.4.

[0079] 2.4 Network pharmacology study on the potential mechanism of action of prickly pear and matcha tablets in the fight against type 2 diabetes

[0080] Based on database and software analysis, the core targets associated with type 2 diabetes include TNF, EGFR, MAPK3, and PPARG (Table 4). Related active compounds mainly include proanthocyanidins, triterpenes, and phenylpropanoids, such as Euscaphic acid, catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, and epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin (Table 5). In diabetic patients, TNF-α levels are significantly higher than in non-diabetic patients. This is because TNF can increase the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, glucocorticoids, and adrenaline, producing an anti-insulin effect. Multiple studies have shown that tea polyphenols and prickly pear polyphenols have hypoglycemic effects. PPARG is closely related to type 2 diabetes signal transduction and PPAR signaling. The PPARG gene is not directly related to type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese, but it may participate in the regulation of blood glucose and lipid metabolism. In pregnant women with gestational diabetes, the neonatal body fat content is higher than the control group, while the relative expression levels of PPAR mRNA and protein in the placenta are lower than the control group.

[0081] Table 4. Core targets of prickly pear and matcha tablets in combating type II diabetes.

[0082]

[0083] Table 5. Main active compounds and their targets in the anti-type II diabetes treatment of prickly pear and matcha tablets.

[0084]

[0085] Note: a is (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-tr ihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol; b is 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

[0086] 3. Discussion

[0087] This study detected 43 monomeric substances in prickly pear matcha slices, including vitamin C, rosmarinic acid, quercetin-3-O-sophorobiose-7-O-rhamnoside, Eschweilenol C, epicatechin gallate, kaempferol-3-O-rutin, astragaloside, catechins, and prickly pear glycoside F1. Prickly pear is rich in vitamin C, with a content as high as 15 mg / mL in prickly pear juice, and vitamin C accounts for up to 66.8% of the organic acids in prickly pear fruit. Prickly pear juice and prickly pear pomace are also rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. Catechins, quercetin-6-C-glucoside, quercetin, rutin, and proanthocyanidins B1 were detected in the polyphenolic components of prickly pear pomace, with catechins and proanthocyanidins B1 being detected in this study.

[0088] Prickly pear and green tea have blood sugar-lowering effects, which may be related to the fact that they are rich in active substances such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This application utilizes network pharmacology analysis to study the potential functional effects of prickly pear matcha tablets. It was found that prickly pear matcha tablets and type 2 diabetes share 263 common targets, including core targets such as TNF, EGFR, VEGFA, and MAPK3, involving insulin signaling pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, interleukin-4 and interleukin-3 signaling pathways, etc. The active substances include proanthocyanidins C1, proanthocyanidins C2, catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, proanthocyanidins C1, (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol, etc.

[0089] 4. Summary

[0090] This paper describes the production of a prickly pear and matcha tablet candy by adding prickly pear powder, matcha powder, and skim milk powder. Using LC-MS, 43 monomeric substances were identified in the prickly pear and matcha tablets, mainly tannins, triterpenes, proanthocyanidins, and flavanoids, including 3-galloylquinic acid, proanthocyanidin C2, proanthocyanidin C1, Rosamultin, Arjunetin, rostigin F1, and 1-β-hydroxyrostigmic acid. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that these substances have potential effects related to breast cancer, type II diabetes, lupus erythematosus, and leukemia. Diabetes, as a metabolic chronic disease, increases the risk of cancer. Therefore, this paper focuses on the relationship between these 43 monomeric substances and diabetes. Through database and software analysis, 21 diabetes-related targets were identified in prickly pear matcha tablets, and 9 active compounds related to these targets were obtained: catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin, rosinic acid, proanthocyanidin C1, epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin C2, proanthocyanidin B2-3'-O-gallic acid, (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol, and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol. 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for studying the mechanism of action of prickly pear matcha tablets in treating type 2 diabetes, characterized in that, The prickly pear matcha tablets are compressed candies made from prickly pear fruit powder, matcha powder, and other excipients, and include the following steps: (1) Potential active target analysis: The active compounds in the prickly pear matcha tablets were queried for corresponding active targets through the SwissTargetPrediction database; the active compounds in the prickly pear matcha tablets were obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The test solution was prepared by the following method: take prickly pear matcha tablets, grind them evenly, weigh them accurately, add methanol for ultrasonic extraction, and filter. (2) Pathway analysis: The active targets of the prickly pear matcha tablets were submitted to the STRING database, and enrichment analysis of the KEGG and Reactome pathways was performed respectively; (3) Intersection analysis of prickly pear matcha tablets and type 2 diabetes target: Genes related to T2DM were retrieved using the OMIM, Dig See and TTD databases with the keyword "Type 2 diabetes mellitus". The intersection of these genes with the potential active targets of prickly pear matcha tablets obtained in step (1) was obtained by taking the Venny test. (4) Analysis of protein-protein interactions with common targets: Import the intersection targets into the String database to obtain the interaction relationships between their proteins; (5) Acquisition of core targets and key compounds: The data obtained from the string was imported into Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and the data was exported for analysis and filtered. After two rounds of filtering, the first filtering was based on twice the median of the degree value, and the second filtering was based on three criteria: the median of the degree, the median of the betweeness, and the median of the closeness. The core targets were obtained, and the main active compounds were identified through the core targets. Specifically, nine active compounds related to the target were obtained, namely catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin, rosinic acid, and proanthocyanidins. C1, epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin C2, proanthocyanidin B2-3'-O-gallic acid, (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R,4'S)-3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydro-4'-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)[4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran]-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside; The determination was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), with the specific chromatographic conditions as follows: Waters ACQUITY UPLC system; Column: Waters HSS T3 UPLC column, 2.1*100mm, 1.8 μm; Mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid / water / A:acetonitrile / B; Elution program as follows; Flow rate: 0.36 mL / min; Detection wavelengths: 280 nm, 230 nm, 254 nm and 320 nm; Column temperature: 35℃; Injection volume: 1 μL; The specific mass spectrometry conditions are as follows: Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF mass spectrometer, ESI ion source for positive and negative ion detection; source voltage: 2.5 kV, N2 flow rate: 600 L / h, collision gas: nitrogen; capillary temperature: 400℃; cone gas flow rate: 50 L / h; gas source temperature: 100℃; full scan mode, molecular weight scan range: 50~1500; collision-induced dissociation voltage: 6V and 30~60V.

2. The method for studying the mechanism of action of prickly pear matcha tablets in treating type 2 diabetes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The KEGG pathway includes the insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and platelet activation.

3. The method for studying the mechanism of action of prickly pear matcha tablets in treating type 2 diabetes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Reactome pathway includes the interleukin-4 and interleukin-3 signaling pathways, synaptic cleft 5-hydroxytryptamine clearance, and synaptic cleft dopamine clearance.

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