Optically variable security element

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element (10) having a visual object area (20). A plurality of differently oriented facets (111) are arranged in the visual object area (20). A pattern (30) having visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) is visible to an observer in the visual object area (20) at least at a first angle of observation. The visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are differently designed in order to present a visual object (60) to the observer. The visual object (60) is a three-dimensional visual object (60). The pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are differently designed in such a way that the pattern elements present a perspective view of the three-dimensional visual object (60) to the observer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. Furthermore, this invention relates to a valuable document having an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. Background Technology

[0002] Optically variable security features, such as those found on banknotes, are known in the prior art. Here, different optical impressions are produced for the observer depending on the viewing angle. These different viewing angles can be achieved by having the optically variable element, or a valuable document containing an optically variable element, rotate around an axis while the observer's viewing direction and the illumination direction of the optically variable element remain unchanged.

[0003] WO2011 / 066990A2 relates to an anti-counterfeiting element having a surface area divided into pixels. Each pixel includes at least one optically effective facet. The facets of the anti-counterfeiting element are oriented such that an observer can perceive the surface area as a surface convex and / or concave relative to its true spatial shape. The perceptible facet can act in an arched manner.

[0004] WO2016 / 180522A1 relates to an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element having a planar visual object region. The visual object region includes facets that reflect light from a light source. Here, a first facet reflects light towards an observer's first eye, and a second facet reflects light towards an observer's second eye. The offset between the first and second facets can be interpreted by the observer as a point suspended below the visual object region. For image encoding, each point requires two facets; therefore, the manufacture of this anti-counterfeiting element is relatively complex. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element that achieves improved anti-counterfeiting security and whose authenticity can be easily verified by an observer. Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element that can be manufactured relatively simply and at low cost.

[0006] The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element includes a visual object area. Multiple facets (or facets, prisms) with different orientations are arranged within the visual object area. A pattern with visible pattern elements is visible to an observer within the visual object area at least at a first viewing angle. The visible pattern elements are designed differently to present a visual object to the observer. The visual object is a three-dimensional visual object. The pattern elements are designed differently such that they present a stereoscopic view of the three-dimensional visual object to the observer.

[0007] Anti-counterfeiting elements can be applied to items to verify their authenticity. Such items can include, for example, checks, bank cards, documents, certificates, identification documents, clothing (including clothing tags), or banknotes.

[0008] The distortion of pattern elements can create a three-dimensional impression in the pattern for the observer. Here, it is not necessary to arrange two facets for a single image point on the security element, see WO2016 / 180522A1. The observer can easily and with good security assess the authenticity of the security element or the item containing it.

[0009] Pattern elements can be perceived in such a way that the impression conveyed to the observer is that a pattern of pattern elements with the same shape is arranged around the surface of a three-dimensional object, such as a (hemi)sphere, a cylinder, a face, or an apple. The impression of three dimensions can be created by different shapes of pattern elements.

[0010] The segments of the pattern can be perceived in three dimensions. The segments of the pattern that can be perceived in three dimensions can be the visual objects.

[0011] The entire pattern can be perceived in three dimensions. The entire pattern can be the visual object.

[0012] The pattern can be optically variable.

[0013] The pattern elements are arranged in such a way that the visual objects in the pattern can be perceived in three dimensions by the observer.

[0014] Anti-counterfeiting elements can transmit an optical impression to an observer (human) without the need for auxiliary devices, allowing the observer to optically perceive the authenticity of an item equipped with an anti-counterfeiting element. Optical anti-counterfeiting elements are particularly suitable for simple or routine verification of authenticity by a human. The optical impression can be perceived in the wavelength range of 400nm to 780nm.

[0015] In optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements, different optical impressions are generated for an observer who wants to perform authenticity verification, depending on the viewing angle, viewing direction, side of the anti-counterfeiting element, or viewing method (top view or perspective). Therefore, the anti-counterfeiting element can transmit a first optical impression at least at a first viewing angle and a second optical impression at least at a second viewing angle, wherein the first optical impression and the second optical impression are different.

[0016] Security features can be applied as stickers / adhesives or strips to items requiring security, such as banknotes or the front of banknotes. Security features can be designed in a planar shape. The maximum area of ​​a security feature can be 5000 mm². 2 The preferred maximum is 2500mm. 2More preferably, the maximum is 1500mm 2 More preferably, the maximum is 1000mm 2 .

[0017] The anti-counterfeiting element may have a length that is at least five times, preferably at least ten times, greater than its width. The anti-counterfeiting element may have a width of at least 1 mm.

[0018] Anti-counterfeiting elements can be provided as lines, strips, or patches.

[0019] Security paper can be a precursor to a valuable document. Security paper can be paper that has not yet been fully printed. Security paper may include at least one security element, at least one window, and / or at least one security feature.

[0020] Anti-counterfeiting elements can be applied to valuable documents or security paper. The anti-counterfeiting element can extend from one side of the valuable document or security paper to the other side. The sides can be opposite sides. The anti-counterfeiting element can have a length equal to the width or height of the valuable document or security paper.

[0021] Anti-counterfeiting elements can be at least partially embedded in a valuable document or security paper. The anti-counterfeiting element can be embedded in such a way that multiple sections of the anti-counterfeiting element are visible to an observer while other sections are invisible. Alternatively, the anti-counterfeiting element can be embedded in such a way that multiple sections are covered by the valuable document or security paper while other sections are not covered by it.

[0022] Within a visual object area, a pattern with visible pattern elements can be visible. The visual object can be partially or entirely visible within the pattern.

[0023] The area of ​​the visual object region can be equal to the area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element. The area of ​​the visual object region can be a maximum of 95%, preferably a maximum of 90%, more preferably a maximum of 75%, more preferably a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, and more preferably a maximum of 20% of the area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element.

[0024] The area of ​​the visual object region can be at least 20%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element.

[0025] The anti-counterfeiting element may have a maximum width of 500mm, preferably 250mm, more preferably 100mm, and even more preferably 50mm.

[0026] The anti-counterfeiting element may have a maximum height of 500mm, preferably 250mm, more preferably 100mm, and even more preferably 80mm.

[0027] The facets can be surfaces of a microreflector. Each surface of the microreflector can be a facet. The microreflector can be a micromirror. Preferably, the microreflector is a micromirror with tilted facets.

[0028] Microreflectors, especially micromirrors, can be designed as described in DE 102005061749 A1. Microreflectors, especially micromirrors, can be produced or manufactured as described in DE 102005061749 A1.

[0029] The facet can be a facet for directional reflection. Preferably, the facet is a non-diffractive facet.

[0030] The dividing surface can reflect light, particularly in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm. Preferably, at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the light is reflected on the dividing surface.

[0031] As an alternative or supplement, facets can have a refractive effect. For example, the refractive effect can be set when the anti-counterfeiting element is used for perspective viewing.

[0032] A refractive effect can be achieved when the interface exists between two materials with different refractive indices. The difference in refractive indices between the two materials is preferably greater than 0.1, more preferably greater than 0.2, and even more preferably greater than 0.5.

[0033] The greater the difference in refractive index, the stronger the refractive effect. This interface can exist between two different layers within a layered composite or on the surface of an anti-counterfeiting element. In particular, if the interface exists on the surface of the anti-counterfeiting element, one of the materials can be air.

[0034] Anti-counterfeiting elements may include faceted arrangements, particularly arrangements of faceted micro-reflectors. Faceted arrangements may include textured structures with an enhanced reflective coating. Faceted arrangements may include textured structures with a metallic coating. Faceted arrangements may include embossed enamel layers.

[0035] The size of each facet, especially the maximum width of each facet, can be between 2 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 3 μm and 100 μm, and more preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm.

[0036] The facets can be tilted or flipped relative to a plane (xy plane) defined by the anti-counterfeiting element. This allows light from different facets, tilted differently relative to the plane, to be reflected at different intensities to a single point. By appropriately selecting the flipping of the different facets, the visual object can become visible to the observer through the reflection of light. In particular, different optical impressions can be made visible to the observer depending on the viewing angle.

[0037] The facets may be coated with reflective or reflective-enhancing coatings. Metallic or highly refractive coatings may be applied to the facets. Multilayer systems (with or without color filtering, depending on the angle of view) may be applied to the facets. Liquid crystal coatings may be applied to the facets.

[0038] Facets can be formed, or have already been formed, in an imprintable layer, such as an imprintable paint layer, using an imprinting method. The imprintable layer can be applied to, or has already been applied to, a substrate. The imprintable layer can be a film, particularly a thermoplastic film. The imprintable layer can be a radiation-curable paint. The imprintable layer can have multiple sublayers.

[0039] The facet can be superimposed on a structure whose size is preferably smaller than the wavelength of visible light, but preferably greater than or equal to one-quarter of the wavelength of visible light. This structure can be referred to as a subwavelength structure.

[0040] The subwavelength structure can be a periodic structure, with the period ranging from 50 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 100 nm to 400 nm. The subwavelength structure can also be a non-periodic structure, with the structure width ranging from 50 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 100 nm to 400 nm. This allows for the colored, especially multi-colored, display or presentation of visual objects. Multi-colored display can be adjusted or selected independently for each facet. Color transformation can be achieved, in particular, as a color effect related to the viewing angle. The color effect related to the viewing angle can be combined with kinematic effects, especially those described herein.

[0041] The pattern in the visual object area can be a regular pattern or an irregular pattern. The pattern is especially a regular pattern.

[0042] The pattern elements of a pattern can be elements that appear repeatedly in the pattern. A pattern may include multiple pattern elements. A pattern may include at least 9, preferably at least 20, more preferably at least 30, and even more preferably at least 50 pattern elements.

[0043] Pattern elements may have outlines. The outline may be an outer outline. Pattern elements can be distinguished (optically) by their outlines relative to their surroundings. The outline may surround an internal section of the pattern element.

[0044] A visual object in a pattern can be perceived by an observer using exactly one eye. A visual object in a pattern can also be perceived by an observer using both eyes. A visual object in a pattern can be perceived by an observer using either exactly one eye or both eyes. An observer can perceive the three-dimensional impression of a visual object through the shape of the pattern elements.

[0045] The first pattern element (or one of the pattern elements) may be distorted in appearance relative to the second pattern element (or another pattern element).

[0046] Visible pattern elements may include pattern elements that are perspectively or three-dimensionally distorted. The three-dimensionally distorted pattern elements may be visible to an observer within a visual object.

[0047] As an alternative or supplement, visible pattern elements may include undistorted pattern elements. The undistorted pattern elements may be those that can be seen by an observer outside the visual object.

[0048] Pattern elements can be distorted in such a way that they can be perceived as converging at a common vanishing point.

[0049] The first pattern element in a pattern element can be 3D distorted differently relative to the second pattern element in a pattern element.

[0050] At least three, preferably at least five, more preferably at least seven, and even more preferably at least ten of the pattern elements may be distorted relative to one of the pattern elements.

[0051] The twisting can be deformation, extension, and / or shearing. The extension can be elongation or compression.

[0052] The first pattern element can have a larger area than the second pattern element.

[0053] The first pattern element can have a smaller area than the second pattern element. The area of ​​a pattern element can be the area enclosed by its outline.

[0054] The outline of the first pattern element can be perceived as different from the outline of the second pattern element.

[0055] Pattern elements can be sub-visual objects. Pattern elements themselves can also be visual objects. Sub-visual objects can have shapes that are perceptible to the observer. For example, the shape of a sub-visual object can be a circle, a quadrilateral, or an apple. Sub-visual objects are especially polygonal, rectangular, or triangular.

[0056] Sub-visual objects can have outlines. The outline can be an outer outline. Sub-visual objects can be distinguished (optically) by their outlines relative to their surroundings. The outline can enclose internal segments of the sub-visual object.

[0057] In a pattern, sub-visual objects having the same sub-visual object shape can be visible. In particular, at least 5, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 15, and even more preferably at least 20 sub-visual objects having the same sub-visual object shape can be visible in the pattern.

[0058] Sub-visual objects with the same sub-visual object shape can be placed to overlap. In particular, sub-visual objects with the same sub-visual object shape can be placed to overlap without changing the sub-visual object, such as without enlarging or elongating the center.

[0059] Two sub-visual objects with corresponding shapes can be placed to overlap by magnifying or elongating one of the sub-visual objects in the center.

[0060] For example, the shapes of the first sub-visual object (first pattern element) and the second sub-visual object (second pattern element) can both be squares. The side length of the square first sub-visual object can be smaller than the side length of the square second sub-visual object. The first and second sub-visual objects can be made to overlap by enlarging or elongating their centers.

[0061] Generally, two visual objects can be considered to overlap if the areas of two visual objects, for example, the area of ​​the visual object surrounded by the corresponding outline of the visual object, are at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 96%, more preferably at least 98%, more preferably at least 99%, more preferably at least 99.5%, more preferably at least 99.8%, more preferably completely overlap.

[0062] Pattern elements can be lines (line pattern elements). Pattern elements can be L-shaped. Pattern elements can be cross-shaped. Pattern elements can be V-shaped. Pattern elements can be stripes.

[0063] Line art elements may not have an area. Line art elements may not have an outline.

[0064] The pattern element can be a planar pattern element. The planar pattern element can be perceived by the observer as a continuous light color or a continuous dark color. The pattern element can be a full-scale pattern element.

[0065] The pattern element can be a surface outline pattern element.

[0066] Each facet pattern element may have a contour, which encloses a corresponding internal segment of the pattern element. The contour is perceived as a light color by the observer, while the internal segment of the pattern element is perceived as a dark color. The contour is perceived as a dark color by the observer, while the internal segment of the pattern element is perceived as a light color, especially when the surrounding environment of the contour is perceived as a light color by the observer.

[0067] Each facet pattern element can have a frame that encloses a corresponding internal segment of the pattern element. The frame may appear as a light color to the observer, while the internal segment of the pattern element may appear as a dark color. The frame may be wider than the outline, especially when the surrounding environment of the outline is perceived as a light color by the observer.

[0068] Visible pattern elements can be independent pattern elements. Independent pattern elements cannot overlap. Independent pattern elements can be spaced apart from each other.

[0069] Visible graphic elements can be connected graphic elements. Connected graphic elements can overlap. Connected graphic elements cannot be separated from each other.

[0070] By rotating an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around an axis within the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element, a kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer within the pattern. This kinematic effect is preferably the movement of at least one pattern element, particularly some or all pattern elements, within the visual object area; or the movement of a three-dimensional visual object; or the movement of an independent additional visual object. The additional visual object is not predetermined by the three-dimensional visual object, i.e., it is independent of its three-dimensional characteristics and / or shape, for example. The movement of one or more pattern elements, the three-dimensional visual object, or the additional visual object alters their shape, size, position, and / or orientation (rotation), respectively.

[0071] A kinematic effect can be the movement of at least one, particularly some or all, pattern elements. In a kinematic effect, the pattern element can change its shape, size, position, area, and / or orientation (rotation). The position of the pattern element is particularly preferably stationary, and more preferably, the size of the (fixed / stationary) pattern element changes. A kinematic effect can be the movement of all pattern elements in the visual object. A kinematic effect can be the movement of all distorted pattern elements.

[0072] The position of the visual object may remain unchanged while the pattern element moves.

[0073] The movement of the pattern elements can be perceived by the observer at a maximum of 30%, preferably 25%, more preferably 20%, more preferably 15%, more preferably 10%, and more preferably 5% of the height or width of the pattern (related to the viewing angle).

[0074] The movement of the pattern elements can be perceived by the observer at a maximum of 30%, preferably 25%, more preferably 20%, more preferably 15%, more preferably 10%, and more preferably 5% of the height or width of the visual object area (related to the viewing angle).

[0075] Kinematic effects can be used to select independent additional visual objects within a visual object region.

[0076] The kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer (related to the viewing angle) at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the height or width of the pattern.

[0077] In terms of the height or width of the pattern, the kinematic effect can be perceived as continuous movement or motion.

[0078] The kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer (related to the viewing angle) at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the height or width of the visual object area.

[0079] Kinematic effects can be perceived as continuous or ongoing movement within the height or width of the visual object area. Kinematic effects can be motion effects. Kinematic effects can be perceived by the observer as continuous motion. This motion is particularly quasi-continuous (performing in sufficiently small partial steps). During flipping, the partial step size of this motion in one direction is preferably at least less than the (average or local) size (or extension) of the pattern element in that direction, more preferably less than 40% of that size, and more preferably less than 25%.

[0080] Kinematic effects can be pumping effects. If movement, particularly changes in size and / or shape, occurs in the opposite direction during a continuous flip (in the same flip direction), i.e., a reversed change in size and / or shape, then the movement, particularly the change in size and / or shape, can be represented as pumping. The pattern element(s), three-dimensional visual objects, or additional visual objects return to their original size and / or shape after a change in size or shape during the flipping process.

[0081] The position of a visual object can be changed through kinematic effects. The shape of a visual object can be changed through kinematic effects.

[0082] At a second viewing angle, which is different from the first viewing angle, the position of the visual object may change compared to the position of the visual object at the first viewing angle.

[0083] The shape of a visual object may change compared to the shape of a visual object at a second viewing angle, which is different from the first viewing angle.

[0084] At a second observation angle, which is different from the first observation angle, the optical impression of a visual object may change compared to the optical impression of the visual object at the first observation angle.

[0085] Under a second viewing angle, different from the first viewing angle, the shape of the pattern elements may change compared to their shape under the first viewing angle. In particular, all or some of the pattern elements may become larger or smaller. It is also possible, and often advantageous, for some pattern elements to become larger while others become smaller, as this is particularly noticeable. Adjacent pattern elements may advantageously alternate between becoming larger or smaller.

[0086] The first observation angle and the second observation angle can be different observation angles. The first observation angle and the second observation angle can differ by a maximum of 40°, preferably by a maximum of 30°, more preferably by a maximum of 20°, and even more preferably by a maximum of 10°.

[0087] The transition from the first observation angle to the second observation angle can be performed by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element around an axis located in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element.

[0088] By continuously flipping the security element, continuous motion can be perceived. The movement of the pattern element / 3D visual object / attached visual object is quasi-continuous, that is, especially in such small step sizes that the observer no longer perceives these step sizes as discrete changes. By continuously flipping the security element, the position of the visual object can be perceived as continuously changing. By continuously flipping the security element, the shape of the pattern can be perceived as continuously changing. By continuously flipping the security element, the optical impression of the visual object can be perceived as continuously changing. By continuously flipping the security element, the shape of the pattern element can be perceived as continuously changing, especially shrinking or enlarging.

[0089] The kinematic effects can be perceived by the observer through changes in the outline and / or shape of the pattern elements.

[0090] The kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer through a change in the outline and / or shape of at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90%.

[0091] The kinematic effects can be perceived by the observer through changes in the position of the pattern elements.

[0092] The kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer through a change in the position of at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the pattern elements.

[0093] The outline and / or shape of the pattern elements can be perceived by the observer based on the rotation of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around the axis.

[0094] The position of the pattern elements can be perceived by the observer based on the rotation of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements around the axis.

[0095] Kinematic effects can be perceived by the observer through changes in the size of pattern elements.

[0096] Kinematic effects can be perceived by an observer through changes in the position of an attached visual object. Preferably, kinematic effects can be perceived by an observer through changes in the position of bright color effect segments. Bright color effect segments can be continuous or consecutive segments. Bright color effect segments can include at least two, preferably more, bright color effect segments. The bright color effect segments can be spaced apart from each other.

[0097] Kinematic effects can be the movement of additional visual objects. Kinematic effects especially refer to the movement of additional visual objects with geometric shapes. Additional visual objects can include sections of bright color effect or areas of bright color effect.

[0098] In anti-counterfeiting elements or patterns, the first kinematic effect and the second kinematic effect can be perceptible to an observer. The first kinematic effect and the second kinematic effect can be different kinematic effects.

[0099] By flipping the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element about a first axis in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element, a first kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer in the pattern. By flipping the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element about a second axis in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element, a second kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer in the pattern. The second axis may not be parallel to the first axis. An angle (greater than 0°) may be formed between the second axis and the first axis. The first axis may be oriented substantially (±10%) perpendicular to the second axis.

[0100] The first kinematic effect can be the movement of pattern elements. The first kinematic effect can be the movement of three-dimensional visual objects.

[0101] The second kinematic effect can be the movement of a particularly independent additional visual object. Preferably, the second kinematic effect is the movement of a brightly colored segment, especially a brightly colored segment with an independent shape and / or width of an additional visual object. Alternatively, the second kinematic effect can be the movement of a three-dimensional visual object or a pattern element.

[0102] Each facet can be defined with a normal vector, which has a first orientation component and a second orientation component.

[0103] Normal vectors can be orthogonally oriented or defined on the corresponding facets.

[0104] The facets can be flipped relative to the xy plane defined by the anti-counterfeiting element. Different facets can be flipped differently relative to the xy plane defined by the anti-counterfeiting element. The normal vectors of the differently flipped facets can be different from each other through a first and / or a second orientation component.

[0105] The second orientation component of the normal vector of the facet can have no effect on the (first) kinematic effect.

[0106] (First) The kinematic effects can be determined independently of the second orientation component of the normal vector of the facet.

[0107] In the visual object area or anti-counterfeiting element, the additional visual object can be perceptible to the observer. The additional visual object can be perceived as a bright color effect segment.

[0108] At a given viewing angle, under non-diffuse illumination, such as illumination from the sun or a point source, the segments that are perceived as bright show a higher relative intensity of reflected light toward the observer than the segments that are perceived as dark.

[0109] Relative reflected light intensity is the ratio of reflected light intensity to incident light intensity. If all the light from the light source is reflected, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.

[0110] In areas perceived as bright, the relative reflected light intensity can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, and more preferably at least 50% greater than in areas perceived as dark. Percentages can be expressed as percentage points. In dark areas, generally less light may be reflected, or the light may be reflected in different directions, not towards the observer.

[0111] The additional visual object may extend over an area of ​​at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 12%, more preferably at least 14%, more preferably at least 16%, more preferably at least 18%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 22%, more preferably at least 24%, more preferably at least 26%, more preferably at least 28%, more preferably at least 30% of the total area of ​​the pattern.

[0112] The additional visual object may extend over an area of ​​at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 12%, more preferably at least 14%, more preferably at least 16%, more preferably at least 18%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 22%, more preferably at least 24%, more preferably at least 26%, more preferably at least 28%, more preferably at least 30% of the total area of ​​the visual object region.

[0113] Such sections can be visible in the attached visual object, and these sections do not produce a white effect, especially when the attached visual object is a bright-colored section.

[0114] The additional visual object can be seen in a strip. The additional visual object can be perceived in a strip and extends from one side of the pattern to the other side of the pattern, especially to the opposite side of the pattern.

[0115] Additional visual objects may include multiple bright-colored effect sections that reflect incident light toward the observer and are therefore perceptible to the observer.

[0116] Additional visual objects can be perceived as moving or in motion on a three-dimensional visual object.

[0117] An observer can perceive the position of an additional visual object by the rotation of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around the axis, especially around the second axis.

[0118] The position of additional visual objects, especially additional visual objects, can be determined by the second orientation component of the facet's normal vector.

[0119] The first orientation component of the facet normal vector can have no effect on the position of the additional visual object, especially the position of the additional visual object.

[0120] The position of the additional visual object, especially the additional visual object, can be determined independently of the first orientation component of the facet's normal vector.

[0121] Visual objects in a pattern can be perceived as uneven surfaces within the pattern.

[0122] Visual objects in a pattern can be perceived as the arched surface of the pattern.

[0123] Pattern elements can be at least segmented, preferably completely, perceptible to the observer in a regular grid.

[0124] Pattern elements can be at least segmentally, preferably entirely, perceptible to the observer in an irregular grid pattern.

[0125] The outline of a pattern element can have straight segments. The outline of a pattern element can have curved segments. The outline of a pattern element can have arc-shaped segments.

[0126] The segments of a pattern element's outline can be perceived as parallel to each other. The segments of a pattern element's outline can also be perceived as non-parallel to each other.

[0127] At least one pattern element, preferably all pattern elements, may have a closed outline.

[0128] At least one pattern element, preferably up to 50% of the pattern elements, may have a broken outline.

[0129] At least one pattern element, preferably all pattern elements, must be fully visible within the visual object area.

[0130] At least one pattern element, preferably up to 50% of the pattern elements, may be visible interrupted or cut off within the visual object area.

[0131] Within a section, the pattern can preferably change abruptly along a line.

[0132] The outlines of the pattern elements can be seen as bright lines.

[0133] The outlines of pattern elements can be seen as dark lines.

[0134] The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element may include a visual object region, wherein a pattern with visible pattern elements is visible to an observer at least at a first viewing angle within the visual object region. At least in a segment of the pattern, the observer can perceive a three-dimensional impression. By rotating the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element about a first axis, the observer can perceive a first kinematic effect within the pattern.

[0135] A three-dimensional impression can be perceived by an observer using exactly one eye within a segment of a pattern. A three-dimensional impression can also be perceived by an observer using both eyes. A three-dimensional impression can be perceived by an observer using either exactly one eye or both eyes. The three-dimensional impression of a visual object can also be perceived by an observer through the shape and / or arrangement of pattern elements.

[0136] The first kinematic effect can be the movement of pattern elements.

[0137] The pattern elements may each have an outline. The outline of at least one first pattern element may be different from the outline of at least one second pattern element.

[0138] The outlines and / or shapes of the pattern elements can be designed such that, at least in the said sections of the pattern, the observer can perceive a three-dimensional impression of the pattern.

[0139] Pattern elements can be arranged in such a way that, at least in the aforementioned sections of the pattern, the observer can perceive a three-dimensional impression of the pattern.

[0140] The first pattern element can be distorted relative to the second pattern element.

[0141] Pattern elements can be sub-visual objects.

[0142] The first kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer through changes in the outline and / or shape of pattern elements.

[0143] The outline and / or shape of the pattern element can be perceived by the observer based on the rotation of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around the first axis.

[0144] Optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements can include multiple facets.

[0145] These facets can be oriented differently.

[0146] Optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements may include micromirrors. The surface of the corresponding micromirrors may be faceted.

[0147] A normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component can be defined by a facet. Correspondingly, a normal vector can be defined by a facet.

[0148] The facet can be flipped relative to the xy plane defined by the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. The first kinematic effect can be determined by the first orientation component of the facet normal vector.

[0149] By flipping the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around a second axis, an observer can perceive a second kinematic effect in the pattern.

[0150] The second kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer at least 10% of the height or width of the pattern.

[0151] The second kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer through changes in the position of the additional visual object, especially changes in the position of the bright color effect section of the pattern.

[0152] The position of the additional visual object can be perceived by the observer through the rotation of an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around a second axis.

[0153] The facet can be flipped relative to the xy plane defined by the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. The second kinematic effect can be determined by the second orientation component of the facet normal vector.

[0154] Valuable documents may include any anti-counterfeiting elements disclosed herein. Valuable documents may be checks, bank cards, documents, certificates, identification documents, clothing (clothing tags), or banknotes.

[0155] The valuable document may include at least one other anti-counterfeiting element. This other anti-counterfeiting element may be perceptible to an observer. It may also be imperceptible to an observer. Furthermore, it may be machine-detectable.

[0156] A valuable document may include at least one anti-counterfeiting feature. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be printed on the valuable document. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be incorporated into the base of the valuable document. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be perceptible to an observer. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be imperceptible to an observer. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be machine-perceptible. Attached Figure Description

[0157] The invention and its other embodiments, as well as its advantages, are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which only depict embodiments of the invention. Identical components are given the same reference numerals in the drawings. The drawings should not be considered to scale, and individual elements may be exaggerated or overly simplified.

[0158] Figure 1 A valuable document 100 is displayed, which has an anti-counterfeiting element 10 and a pattern 30 in the visual object area 20;

[0159] Figure 2 Pattern 30 is displayed;

[0160] Figure 3 Pattern 30 is shown from the first viewing angle;

[0161] Figure 4 Pattern 30 is shown from the second viewing angle;

[0162] Figure 5 Pattern 30 is shown from the third viewing angle;

[0163] Figure 6 Pattern 30 is shown from the fourth viewing angle;

[0164] Figure 7 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b of pattern 30 are displayed;

[0165] Figure 8 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b of pattern 30 are displayed;

[0166] Figure 9 Pattern 30 is displayed;

[0167] Figure 10 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b of pattern 30 are displayed;

[0168] Figure 11 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b of pattern 30 are displayed;

[0169] Figure 12 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b of pattern 30 are displayed;

[0170] Figure 13 Pattern 30 is shown; and

[0171] Figure 14 A micromirror 110 with facets 111 is shown.

[0172] Figure 1 A valuable document 100 with anti-counterfeiting element 10 is displayed. Anti-counterfeiting element 10 includes at least one visual object area 20. In the visual object area 20, a pattern 30 may be visible to an observer.

[0173] The valuable document 100 may be, for example, a banknote. The carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include or be composed of one or more paper layers. Alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include or be composed of one or more plastic layers. Further alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include at least one paper layer and at least one plastic layer.

[0174] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 can be applied, for example, as an anti-counterfeiting strip or anti-counterfeiting sheet (anti-counterfeiting sticker) to the carrier (or substrate) of the valuable document 100. Typically, the anti-counterfeiting element is provided on a transfer carrier, such as a plastic film, and then (separated) from the transfer carrier to the carrier of the valuable document. Alternatively, the anti-counterfeiting element can also be embedded in the carrier of the valuable document, for example, as an anti-counterfeiting thread. The anti-counterfeiting element may be embedded in the carrier during the manufacturing process, for example, during the manufacture of paper or film, or between two sublayers of the carrier.

[0175] Figure 2 Pattern 30 is displayed. In the visual object area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10, pattern 30 is visible (perceptible) to the observer at the first viewing angle.

[0176] In pattern 30, multiple pattern elements 50 are visible. These pattern elements are generally referred to as 50 in the following figures. Specific pattern elements 50 can be represented by reference numerals 50, 50a, and 50b.

[0177] In the first section 65a, the pattern elements 50 can be arranged regularly in a grid. The outlines 51 and / or shapes of the pattern elements 50 in the first section can be identical to each other. The pattern elements 50 in the first section can be undistorted.

[0178] In the second section 65b, the pattern elements 50 can be arranged regularly in a grid. The outlines 51 and / or shapes of the pattern elements 50 in the second section can be identical to each other. The pattern elements 50 in the second section can be undistorted.

[0179] The outline 51 of pattern element 50 can define the shape of pattern element 50. The outline 51 of pattern element 50 can enclose the internal segments of pattern element 50. Pattern element 50 can also have a shape without an outline.

[0180] Generally, pattern element 50 can be a line. Alternatively, pattern element 50 can be a surface pattern element 50 or a surface outline pattern element 50.

[0181] exist Figure 2 In the example, pattern element 50 is displayed with a shaded area to highlight it technically. Normally, this shade is invisible to the observer. For Figure 9 and Figure 13 The same applies to views within the same context.

[0182] In pattern 30, the observer can perceive visual object 60. The visual object 60 has a three-dimensional effect for the observer.

[0183] exist Figure 2 In the example, visual object 60 has the effect of a segment of a sphere's surface, such as a hemisphere. In particular, it creates the impression for the observer that the regular arrangement of pattern elements 50 is placed on a three-dimensional object, such as a sphere.

[0184] An observer's three-dimensional impression of a visual object 60 can be formed by the distortion of pattern elements 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60. In particular, an observer's three-dimensional impression of a visual object 60 can be formed by the distortion of the outline 51 and / or shape of pattern elements 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60.

[0185] The outline 51 of the pattern element 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60 can be deformed or distorted relative to the outline 51 of the pattern element 50 outside the visual object 60. In particular, the outline 51 of the pattern element 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60 can be compressed, stretched, or cut relative to the outline 51 of the pattern element 50 outside the visual object 60.

[0186] The shape of the pattern element 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60 can be deformed or distorted relative to the shape of the pattern element 50 outside the visual object 60. In particular, the shape of the pattern element 50 within the area of ​​the visual object 60 can be compressed, stretched, or cut relative to the shape of the pattern element 50 outside the visual object 60.

[0187] At the first observation angle, the visual object 60 can be perceived by the observer at the first position. At the second observation angle, the visual object 60 can be perceived by the observer at the second position. At the third observation angle, the visual object 60 can be perceived by the observer at the third position.

[0188] The first, second, and third positions can be different. The first, second, and third positions can exist along a (straight) line.

[0189] Similarly, the position of the visual object 60 can be the same or unchanged at the first, second, and third observation angles.

[0190] The first, second, and third observation angles can be different. The first, second, and third observation angles can be achieved by rotating the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the first axis. When rotating the anti-counterfeiting element, the light source and the observer can maintain their positions. For example, when rotating the anti-counterfeiting element around the first axis, the position of the visual object 60 can remain unchanged or the position of the visual object 60 can remain the same.

[0191] By rotating around the first axis, an observer can perceive a first kinematic effect, such as a motion effect, within the pattern. The observer can form the impression that the visual object 60 moves through the pattern 30. Alternatively, the observer can form the impression that pattern element 50 moves within the pattern 30, particularly by changes in the size of pattern element 50 (the corresponding size of the pattern element 50).

[0192] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 can define an xy-plane. The xy-plane can define an x-axis and a y-axis. The x-axis may not be parallel to the y-axis. Specifically, the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis. The xy-plane can define a z-axis. The z-axis may not be parallel to the xy-plane. The z-axis can be oriented perpendicular to the xy-plane.

[0193] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 used for the first kinematic effect can be flipped around the y-axis. An example of the first kinematic effect will be shown in [reference]. Figure 3 and Figure 4 To elaborate further.

[0194] Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as extending along the z-axis. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as extending in front of or behind the xy-plane, or as arching into or out of the plane. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as an arched surface. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as an uneven surface.

[0195] In pattern 30, additional visual objects 70, such as bright color effect sections, can be perceptible to the observer. Additional visual objects 70 can extend from one side of pattern 30 to the other side of pattern 30.

[0196] In the additional visual object 70, the pattern 30, especially the pattern element 50 of the pattern 30, can have a brighter effect than outside the bright effect section 70.

[0197] From a first observation angle, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived by the observer at a first position. From a second observation angle, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived by the observer at a second position. From a third observation angle, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived by the observer at a third position.

[0198] The first, second, and third positions can be different. The first, second, and third positions can exist along a (straight) line.

[0199] The first, second, and third observation angles can be different. The first, second, and third observation angles can be achieved by rotating the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis. When rotating the anti-counterfeiting element, the light source and the observer can maintain their positions.

[0200] By rotating around the second axis, the observer can perceive a second kinematic effect, such as a motion effect, within the pattern. The observer can form the impression that the additional visual object 70, particularly the brightly colored sections, moves or rolls through the pattern 30.

[0201] The flipping of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 used for the second kinematic effect can be achieved around the x-axis. An example of the second kinematic effect will be shown in [reference]. Figure 3 and Figure 4 To elaborate further.

[0202] Figure 3 and Figure 4 An example of (first) kinematic effects is shown. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Pattern 30 is shown in the image, which is essentially the same as... Figure 2 The pattern 30 corresponds to the pattern. Figure 3 The pattern shown is displayed at the first viewing angle and Figure 4 The pattern is shown at the second viewing angle. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 with the pattern 30 around the first axis, for example, around the y-axis.

[0203] As in Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, pattern element 50 can be seen by an observer with a dark outline 51, which surrounds a light-colored inner section. Pattern element 50 is preferably seen by an observer with a light-colored outline 51. The inner section surrounded by the outline 51 can be seen by the observer as dark.

[0204] By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the first axis, the size or shape of the pattern elements 50 and 50a in the pattern 30 changes. By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10, the size of the pattern elements 50 and 50a can be increased or decreased. The size of the pattern elements 50 and 50a is preferably increased by flipping in one direction and decreased by flipping in another direction, such as the opposite direction.

[0205] By rotating the pattern element around the first axis, the size or shape of the pattern element can be changed within the area of ​​the visual object 60. By rotating the pattern element around the first axis, the size or shape of the pattern element can be changed in the area outside the visual object 60. By rotating the pattern element around the first axis, the size or shape of the pattern element can be changed both within and outside the visual object 60.

[0206] By increasing the size of pattern elements 50 and 50a, the distance between adjacent pattern elements can be decreased. Conversely, by decreasing the size of pattern elements 50 and 50a, the distance between adjacent pattern elements can be increased.

[0207] Furthermore, the outlines 51, 51a of the pattern elements 50, 50a in the pattern 30 can be altered by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the first axis. Flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 can increase or decrease the area enclosed by the outlines 51, 51a. Preferably, the area enclosed by the outlines 51, 51a is increased by flipping in one direction and decreased by flipping in another direction, such as the opposite direction.

[0208] Pattern 30 may include at least two, preferably more, visual objects 60.

[0209] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 An example of the (second) kinematic effect is shown in the image. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It shows Figure 3 and Figure 4 Pattern 30. Here, Figure 5 The pattern shown at the third viewing angle and Figure 6 The pattern is displayed at the fourth viewing angle. The transition from the third to the fourth viewing angle can be achieved by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 with the pattern 30 around a second axis, such as the x-axis.

[0210] In pattern 30, an observer can see one additional visual object 70 (70a, 70b, 70c) or multiple additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c from the third viewing angle.

[0211] By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis, the position of the additional visual object 70 in the pattern 30, or the position of each of the multiple additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c, can be changed. By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10, the position of the additional visual object 70, or the positions of the additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c, can be moved in one direction. Specifically, the position of the additional visual object 70, or the positions of the additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c, can be changed in a first direction by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 in one direction, and in a second direction by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 in another direction. The first and second directions can be different directions, especially opposite directions.

[0212] The additional visual object 70 can be a bright color effect segment. Each additional visual object 70a, 70b, and 70c can be a bright color effect segment. The bright color effect segment particularly includes at least two, and more particularly multiple, bright color effect sub-segments. These bright color effect sub-segments can be spaced apart from each other. The positions of different additional visual objects 70a, 70b, and 70c, or different bright color effect sub-segments, can be changed in different directions by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 in one direction.

[0213] Dark segments 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 71d) may be adjacent to (boundary of) the additional visual object 70. The additional visual object 70 may be surrounded by at least one dark segment 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 71d), and more particularly at least two dark segments 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 71d).

[0214] In pattern 30, multiple dark sections 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d may be visible to the observer.

[0215] In pattern 30, preferably at least two additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c and at least two dark segments 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d can be seen by the observer at the first viewing angle. In pattern 30, at a second viewing angle, at least two additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c and at least two dark segments 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d can be seen by the observer at a position different from the first viewing angle.

[0216] By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the axis, especially around the second axis, at least two additional visual objects 70a, 70b, 70c and at least two dark segments 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d can be perceived by an observer as moving continuously in the pattern 30.

[0217] An observer can see dark segments 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d between two additional visual objects 70a, 70b, and 70c.

[0218] The additional visual object 70 can be a bar shape. The additional visual object 70 can be a geometric shape, such as a polygon. The additional visual object 70 is particularly a triangle, quadrilateral, especially a rectangle or square, an N-shape, or a circle.

[0219] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is flipped around the first axis, the position of the additional visual object 70 or the positions of the additional visual objects 70a, 70b, and 70c may remain unchanged. Alternatively or as an addition, when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is flipped around the second axis, the shape and / or size of the pattern elements 50 and 50a may remain unchanged.

[0220] exist Figure 7 The image shows pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first sub-visual object), second pattern element 50a (second sub-visual object), and third pattern element 50b (third sub-visual object). The pattern elements of a pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element, and the third pattern element.

[0221] Generally, for display technology reasons, the outlines 51, 51a, and 51b of the pattern elements can be displayed in a dark color. In anti-counterfeiting components, these outlines can have a bright color effect to the observer.

[0222] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a are visible within the visual object 60. The third pattern element 50b is visible outside the visual object 60, for example, within the first segment 65a or the second segment 65b.

[0223] The first pattern element 50 may have an outline 51. The shape 52 (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50 can be defined by the outline 51. The first pattern element 50 may also have a shape 52 (sub-visual object shape) without an outline 51.

[0224] The second pattern element 50a may have an outline 51a. The shape 52a (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50a can be defined by the outline 51a. The second pattern element 50a may not have an outline 51a but may have a shape 52a (sub-visual object shape).

[0225] The third pattern element 50b can have an outline 51b. The shape 52b (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50b can be defined by the outline 51b. The third pattern element 50b can also have a shape 52b (sub-visual object shape) without an outline 51b.

[0226] The shape 52 of the first pattern element 50 visible in the visual object 60 and the shape 52b of the third pattern element 50b visible outside the visual object 60 can correspond to each other.

[0227] The shape 52 of the first pattern element 50 visible in the visual object 60 and the shape 52a of the second pattern element 50a visible in the visual object 60 may not correspond.

[0228] The shape 52a of the second pattern element 50a visible in the visual object 60 and the shape 52b of the third pattern element 50b visible outside the visual object 60 may not correspond.

[0229] Pattern elements outside visual object 60 can have the same shape.

[0230] Pattern elements in visual object 60 may have the same shape. Alternatively or supplementary, pattern elements in visual object 60 may have corresponding shapes. Alternatively or supplementary, pattern elements in visual object 60 may have non-corresponding shapes.

[0231] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a is visible. The distance s50ay is visible in the y-axis direction.

[0232] The distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b is visible. The distance s50by is visible in the y-axis direction.

[0233] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be greater than the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0234] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be equal to the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0235] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be less than the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0236] The distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be equal in the y-axis direction. Alternatively or supplementarily, the distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be different in the y-axis direction.

[0237] The distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be equal in the x-axis direction. Alternatively or supplementarily, the distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be different in the x-axis direction.

[0238] The distances between pattern elements outside visual object 60 can be equal in the y-axis direction. Alternatively or as an alternative, the distances between pattern elements outside visual object 60 can be different in the y-axis direction.

[0239] The distances between pattern elements outside visual object 60 can be equal in the x-axis direction. Alternatively or as an alternative, the distances between pattern elements outside visual object 60 can be different in the x-axis direction.

[0240] exist Figure 8 The image shows pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b, which are hereinafter also referred to as first pattern element 50 (first sub-visual object), second pattern element 50a (second sub-visual object), and third pattern element 50b (third sub-visual object). A pattern can include the first pattern element, the second pattern element, and the third pattern element. (See reference...) Figure 8 The described pattern elements can be references Figure 7 The pattern elements described.

[0241] The first pattern element 50 may have a first side 501. The first pattern element 50 may have a second side 502. The first pattern element 50 may have a third side 503. The first pattern element 50 may have a fourth side 504.

[0242] The first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50.

[0243] The second pattern element 50a may have a first side 501a. The second pattern element 50a may have a second side 502a. The second pattern element 50a may have a third side 503a. The second pattern element 50a may have a fourth side 504a.

[0244] The first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0245] The third pattern element 50b may have a first side 501b. The third pattern element 50b may have a second side 502b. The third pattern element 50b may have a third side 503b. The third pattern element 50b may have a fourth side 504b.

[0246] The first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0247] The first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 may be parallel to the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 may be parallel to the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50.

[0248] The first side 501 may have a first length (extension) s501. The second side 502 may have a second length (extension) s502. The third side 503 may have a third length (extension) s503. The fourth side 504 may have a fourth length (extension) s504.

[0249] At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other.

[0250] At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other.

[0251] The first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be parallel to the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a may not be parallel to the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0252] The first side 501a can have a first length (extension) s501a. The second side 502a can have a second length (extension) s502a. The third side 503a can have a third length (extension) s503a. The fourth side 504a can have a fourth length (extension) s504a.

[0253] At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other.

[0254] At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other.

[0255] The first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0256] The first side 501b can have a first length (extension) s501b. The second side 502b can have a second length (extension) s502b. The third side 503b can have a third length (extension) s503b. The fourth side 504b can have a fourth length (extension) s504b.

[0257] At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other.

[0258] At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other.

[0259] At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0260] At least one of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least one of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0261] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0262] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0263] At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0264] At least one of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least one of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0265] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503, and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0266] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503, and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0267] At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0268] At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be different from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0269] At least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a, and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0270] At least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a, and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be different from at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0271] Figure 9 Pattern 30 is displayed. Pattern 30 is visible (perceptible) to an observer at a first viewing angle within the visual object area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10.

[0272] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 can define an xy-plane. The xy-plane can define an x-axis and a y-axis. The x-axis may not be parallel to the y-axis. Specifically, the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis. The xy-plane can define a z-axis. The z-axis may not be parallel to the xy-plane. The z-axis can be oriented perpendicular to the xy-plane.

[0273] In pattern 30, multiple pattern elements 50 are visible. These pattern elements are generally referred to as 50 in the following figures. Specific pattern elements 50 can be represented by reference numerals 50, 50a, and 50b.

[0274] The outline 51 of pattern element 50 can define the shape of pattern element 50. The outline 51 of pattern element 50 can enclose the internal segments of pattern element 50. Pattern element 50 can have a shape without having an outline 51.

[0275] An observer can perceive a visual object 60 within pattern 30. The visual object 60 has a three-dimensional effect for the observer. The entire pattern 30 can be perceived in three dimensions by the observer. The entire pattern 30 can be the visual object 60.

[0276] exist Figure 9 In the example, visual object 60 includes segments A and B. Segments A and B can be perceived by the observer as extending segmentally (periodically) upward and downward. Here, upward and downward should be understood along the z-direction. The segmental extension upward and downward can have a continuous effect. In segment A or segment B, the observer can perceive a serpentine, linear curve.

[0277] Segment A and segment B can be adjacent to each other. In the segment of segment A, visual object 60 can be perceived as extending downwards, and in the adjacent segment of segment B, visual object 60 can be perceived as extending upwards. Visual object 60 can have multiple segments A and B.

[0278] An observer's three-dimensional impression of a visual object 60 is formed by the distortion of pattern elements 50 within the region of the visual object 60. Specifically, the observer's three-dimensional impression of the visual object 60 can be formed by the distortion of the outline 51 and / or the shape of the pattern elements 50 within the region of the visual object 60.

[0279] At a first observation angle, a first segment of visual object 60 can be perceived as extending upwards at a first position, and a second segment of visual object 60 can be perceived as extending downwards at a second position. At a second observation angle, a first segment of visual object 60 can be perceived as extending downwards at a first position, and a second segment of visual object 60 can be perceived as extending upwards at a second position. The first and second segments can be different segments.

[0280] The first and second observation angles can be different. The first and second observation angles can be achieved by flipping the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around a first axis. When the anti-counterfeiting element is flipped, the light source and the observer can have unchanged positions.

[0281] By rotating around a first axis, an observer can perceive a (first) kinematic effect, such as a motion effect, in the pattern. The observer may form the impression that at least one segment of the pattern is performing a serpentine or up-and-down motion. Alternatively, the observer may form the impression that pattern element 50 is in motion. The motion of pattern element 50 can be substantially related to a reference... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The movement of the described pattern element 50 is designed in the same way and can be perceived by the observer.

[0282] The flipping of the anti-counterfeiting element 10, used for the first kinematic effect, can be achieved around the y-axis.

[0283] Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as extending at least segmentally along the z-axis. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as extending at least segmentally in front of or behind the xy-plane. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as an arched surface. Visual object 60 can be perceived by an observer as an uneven surface.

[0284] In pattern 30, an observer can perceive additional visual objects 70, such as brightly colored areas. In pattern 30, at least two, preferably at least three, and more preferably at least five additional visual objects 70 can be perceived by the observer. All additional visual objects 70 possess the characteristics of additional visual objects 70.

[0285] In the pattern, the bright color effect section 70 and the non-bright color effect section can alternate (periodically).

[0286] In the bright color effect section 70, the pattern 30, especially the pattern element 50 of the pattern 30, can have a brighter effect than outside the bright color effect section 70.

[0287] At a first viewing angle, the additional pattern 70 can be perceived by the observer at a first position. At a second viewing angle, the additional pattern can be perceived by the observer at a second position. At a third viewing angle, the additional pattern 70 can be perceived by the observer at a third position.

[0288] The first, second, and third positions can be different. The first, second, and third positions can exist along a (curved) line.

[0289] The first, second, and third observation angles can be different. The first, second, and third observation angles can be achieved by rotating the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is rotated, the light source and the observer can maintain their positions.

[0290] By rotating around the second axis, the observer can perceive a second kinematic effect, such as a motion effect, in the pattern. The observer can form the impression that the additional visual object 70, especially the brightly colored section 70, moves or rolls through the pattern 30.

[0291] In pattern 30 or visual object 60, multiple additional patterns 70 can be seen moving in opposite directions through a second kinematic effect. In particular, in pattern 30 or visual object 60, the additional patterns 70 in segment A and the additional patterns 70 in segment B can be perceived as moving in opposite directions.

[0292] The flipping of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 used for the second kinematic effect can be achieved around the x-axis. The second kinematic effect can be substantially similar to the reference. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The described kinematic effects are designed in the same way and can be perceived by the observer.

[0293] exist Figure 10 The image shows pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first sub-visual object), second pattern element 50a (second sub-visual object), and third pattern element 50b (third sub-visual object). The pattern elements of a pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element, and the third pattern element.

[0294] The first pattern element 50 may have an outline 51. The shape 52 (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50 can be defined by the outline 51. The first pattern element 50 may have a shape 52 (sub-visual object shape) without having an outline 51.

[0295] The second pattern element 50a may have an outline 51a. The shape 52a (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50a can be defined by the outline 51a. The second pattern element 50a may have a shape 52a (sub-visual object shape) but not an outline 51a.

[0296] The third pattern element 50b may have an outline 51b. The shape 52b (sub-visual object shape) of the first pattern element 50b can be defined by the outline 51b. The third pattern element 50b may have a shape 52b (sub-visual object shape) but not an outline 51b.

[0297] The shapes 52 of the first pattern element 50 and 52b of the third pattern element 50b can be twisted together.

[0298] The shapes 52 of the first pattern element 50 and 52a of the second pattern element 50a may not correspond.

[0299] The shapes 52a of the second pattern element 50a and 52b of the third pattern element 50b can be twisted together.

[0300] The shapes 52a of the second pattern element 50a and 52b of the third pattern element 50b may not correspond.

[0301] The pattern elements 50 in the visual object 60 may have the same shape. Alternatively or supplementarily, the pattern elements 50 in the visual object 60 may have corresponding shapes. Alternatively or supplementarily, the pattern elements in the visual object 60 may have non-corresponding shapes.

[0302] Pattern elements 50 arranged along a direction, such as the x-axis, may have the same or corresponding shapes. At least two, preferably at least three pattern elements 50 can be visible (adjacently) in one direction.

[0303] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a is visible. The distance s50ay is visible in the y-axis direction.

[0304] The distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b is visible. The distance s50by is visible in the y-axis direction.

[0305] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be greater than the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0306] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be equal to the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0307] The distance s50ay between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be less than the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0308] The distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be equal in the y-axis direction. Alternatively or as a supplement, the distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be different in the y-axis direction.

[0309] The distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be equal in the x-axis direction. Alternatively or as an alternative, the distances between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be different in the x-axis direction.

[0310] Figure 11 Pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b are shown, and these pattern elements are hereinafter also referred to as first pattern element 50 (first sub-visual object), second pattern element 50a (second sub-visual object), and third pattern element 50b (third sub-visual object). A pattern can include the first pattern element, the second pattern element, and the third pattern element. (See reference...) Figure 11 The pattern elements mentioned can be references Figure 10 The aforementioned pattern elements.

[0311] An offset s50ax can be seen between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a. The offset s50ax is visible in the x-axis direction.

[0312] An offset s50bx can be seen between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b. The offset s50bx is visible in the x-axis direction.

[0313] Offset can be the distance in the direction of two adjacent edges of different pattern elements. Offset can also be a deviation in the position of a pattern element.

[0314] The offset s50ax between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be greater than the offset s50bx between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0315] The offset s50ax between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be equal to the offset s50bx between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0316] The offset s50ax between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be less than the offset s50bx between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.

[0317] The offsets between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be equal. Alternatively or supplementarily, the offsets between pattern elements in visual object 60 can be different in the y-axis or x-axis direction.

[0318] exist Figure 12The image shows pattern elements 50, 50a, and 50b, which are hereinafter also referred to as first pattern element 50 (first sub-visual object), second pattern element 50a (second sub-visual object), and third pattern element 50b (third sub-visual object). A pattern can include the first pattern element, the second pattern element, and the third pattern element. (See reference...) Figure 12 The pattern elements mentioned can be references Figure 10 and / or Figure 11 The aforementioned pattern elements.

[0319] The first pattern element 50 may have a first side 501. The first pattern element 50 may have a second side 502. The first pattern element 50 may have a third side 503. The first pattern element 50 may have a fourth side 504.

[0320] The first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50. The fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50 can be a segment of the outline 51 of the first pattern element 50.

[0321] The second pattern element 50a may have a first side 501a. The second pattern element 50a may have a second side 502a. The second pattern element 50a may have a third side 503a. The second pattern element 50a may have a fourth side 504a.

[0322] The first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a. The fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a can be a segment of the outline 51a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0323] The third pattern element 50b may have a first side 501b. The third pattern element 50b may have a second side 502b. The third pattern element 50b may have a third side 503b. The third pattern element 50b may have a fourth side 504b.

[0324] The first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b. The fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b can be a segment of the outline 51b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0325] The first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 may be parallel to the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 may be parallel to the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50.

[0326] An angle of less than 90°, preferably less than 85°, and more preferably less than 80° can be formed between the second side 502 and the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50.

[0327] The first side 501 may have a first length (extension) s501. The second side 502 may have a second length (extension) s502. The third side 503 may have a third length (extension) s503. The fourth side 504 may have a fourth length (extension) s504.

[0328] At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be equal to each other.

[0329] At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other.

[0330] The first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be parallel to the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a may be parallel to the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0331] An angle of less than 90°, preferably less than 85°, and more preferably less than 80° can be formed between the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0332] The first side 501a can have a first length (extension) s501a. The second side 502a can have a second length (extension) s502a. The third side 503a can have a third length (extension) s503a. The fourth side 504a can have a fourth length (extension) s504a.

[0333] At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other.

[0334] At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other.

[0335] The first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b. Alternatively or as an alternative, the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0336] The first side 501b can have a first length (extension) s501b. The second side 502b can have a second length (extension) s502b. The third side 503b can have a third length (extension) s503b. The fourth side 504b can have a fourth length (extension) s504b.

[0337] At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other.

[0338] At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other.

[0339] At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0340] At least one of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least one of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0341] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0342] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0343] At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0344] At least one of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least one of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0345] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503, and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0346] At least two of the first length s501, second length s502, third length s503, and fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 may be different from at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0347] At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0348] At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be different from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0349] At least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a, and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0350] At least two of the first length s501a, second length s502a, third length s503a, and fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a may be different from at least two of the first length s501b, second length s502b, third length s503b, and fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0351] The angle between the second side 502 and the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 can be smaller than the angle between the second side 502a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.

[0352] The angle between the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a can be smaller than the angle between the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b and the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b.

[0353] exist Figure 13 Pattern 30 is displayed. Pattern 30 is visible (perceptible) to the observer at a first viewing angle in the visual object area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10.

[0354] Pattern 30 includes multiple pattern elements 50, 50a. Pattern elements 50, 50a may have outlines 51, 51a.

[0355] In pattern 30, the observer can see the visual object 60 in three dimensions. In this example, the visual object is a human head.

[0356] The distorted patterns 50, 50a, and especially the outlines 51, 51a of patterns 50, 50a, create a three-dimensional impression of a human head. To the observer, this creates the illusion that surfaces with patterns 50, 50a are laid out in a regular grid on the human head, thus producing a three-dimensional impression.

[0357] By rotating the anti-counterfeiting element around a first axis, a first kinematic effect in pattern 30 can be perceived by an observer. For example, a person's head can rotate relative to the neck shown, thus making the face of the head more frontally visible. Alternatively, the person's head can be raised and lowered relative to the neck shown, thus vertically changing the position of the face of the head (nodding). Alternatively, the observer can form the impression that pattern element 50 is in motion. The movement of pattern element 50 can be substantially related to a reference... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The movement of the described pattern element 50 is designed in the same way and can be perceived by the observer.

[0358] In visual object 60 or pattern 30, the observer can see additional visual object 70, such as a bright color effect section.

[0359] By flipping the anti-counterfeiting element around a second axis, an observer can perceive a second kinematic effect in pattern 30. For example, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived as moving or rolling in the y-axis direction. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is flipped in one direction, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived as moving in the positive y-axis direction. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is flipped in another direction, the additional visual object 70 can be perceived as moving in the negative y-axis direction.

[0360] Figure 14A facet 111 is schematically shown. The facet 111 may be a flat surface. The facet 111 may be flipped relative to an xy plane having x-axis and y-axis. The facet 111 may be flipped along both the x-axis and y-axis directions. The z-axis may be oriented perpendicular to the xy plane.

[0361] Facet 111 can define a normal vector n. The normal vector n can extend in the z-axis direction with a first orientation component and a second orientation component.

[0362] The facet 111 can be the surface of the microreflector 110, especially the surface of the micromirror.

[0363] The first kinematic effect described herein can be determined by the first orientation component of the normal vector n. The second kinematic effect described herein can be determined by the second orientation component of the normal vector n.

[0364] The first kinematic effect can be independent of the second orientation component of the normal vector n. The second kinematic effect can be independent of the first orientation component of the normal vector n.

[0365] Multiple facets 111 can be arranged in the visual object area 20. Since the light from the light source is reflected through the multiple facets 111, the observer can perceive different optical impressions depending on the position of the anti-counterfeiting element 10.

[0366] Generally, distance can be the shortest distance between objects (e.g., between two sub-visual objects) in one direction, preferably in the x or y direction.

[0367] Generally, "difference" refers to a difference of at least 100 μm. "Difference" can also refer to a difference between 100 μm and 500 μm.

[0368] Equal can refer to a deviation of up to ±10%, preferably up to ±5%, more preferably ±3%, and even more preferably ±1%.

[0369] List of reference numerals

[0370] 10 anti-counterfeiting components

[0371] 20 visual object areas

[0372] 30 patterns

[0373] 50 pattern elements

[0374] 51 outline

[0375] 52 shapes

[0376] 50a pattern elements

[0377] 51a outline

[0378] 52a shape

[0379] Visual objects 60, 60a, 60b, and 60c

[0380] Additional visual objects for 70, 70a, 70b, and 70c

[0381] Dark effect sections 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d

[0382] The first section and the second section of patterns 65a and 65b

[0383] The distance between two pattern elements in s50ay

[0384] The distance between two pattern elements in s50by

[0385] Offset between two pattern elements in s50ax

[0386] Offset between two pattern elements on S50BX

[0387] 501 First Side

[0388] 502 Second Side

[0389] 503 Third Side

[0390] 504 Fourth Side

[0391] Length of the first side of s501

[0392] Length of the second side of s502

[0393] Length of the third side of s503

[0394] Length of the fourth side of s504

[0395] 501a First Side

[0396] 502a Second Side

[0397] 503a Third Side

[0398] 504a Fourth Side

[0399] Length of the first side of s501a

[0400] Length of the second side of s502a

[0401] Length of the third side of s503a

[0402] Length of the fourth side of s504a

[0403] 501b First Side

[0404] 502b second side

[0405] 503b Third Side

[0406] 504b Fourth Side

[0407] Length of the first side of s501b

[0408] Length of the second side of s502b

[0409] Length of the third side of s503b

[0410] Length of the fourth side of s504b

[0411] Section A

[0412] Section B

[0413] 100 valuable documents

[0414] 110 miniature reflector

[0415] 111-point face

Claims

1. An optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10), the anti-counterfeiting element having a visual object area (20), wherein, (a) Multiple facets (111) with different orientations are arranged in the visual object area (20). (b) A pattern (30) having visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) is visible to the observer at least at the first viewing angle within the visual object area (20). (c) wherein the visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are designed differently to present a visual object (60) to the observer. (d) Wherein, the visual object (60) is a three-dimensional visual object (60), (e) wherein the pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are designed differently such that the pattern elements present a three-dimensional stereoscopic image of the visual object (60) to the observer, wherein the first pattern element (50) of the pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) is distorted in a stereoscopic manner relative to the second pattern element (50a) of the pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b).

2. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is rotated around an axis in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element (10), the kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer in the pattern (30).

3. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The kinematic effect is the movement of at least one of the pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) in the visual object area (20), or the movement of the three-dimensional visual object (60), or the movement of an independent additional visual object (70).

4. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) include: - Three-dimensionally distorted pattern elements (50, 50a) visible to the observer in the visual object (60), and / or - Undistorted pattern elements (50b) visible to the observer outside the visual object (60).

5. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are: - Line drawing elements; or - Planar pattern elements; or - Face outline pattern element.

6. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are sub-visual objects.

7. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The visible pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) are either independent pattern elements (50, 50a, 50c) or connected pattern elements.

8. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The kinematic effect can be achieved by: - By changing the position of pattern elements (50, 50a); and / or - By changing the area of ​​the pattern elements (50, 50a); and / or - By changing the size of the pattern elements (50, 50a); and / or - By changing the shape of the pattern elements (50, 50a); and / or - By changing the position of the bright color effect section Perceived by the observer.

9. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The kinematic effect can be perceived by the observer through changes in the outlines (51, 51a) of the pattern elements (50, 50a).

10. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to any one of claims 2, 8, and 9, wherein, The kinematic effect is the motion of an independent additional visual object (70), which includes a bright color effect segment or a bright color effect segment.

11. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to any one of claims 2, 8, and 9, wherein, The kinematic effect is the motion of an additional visual object (70) with an independent geometric visual object shape.

12. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, By flipping the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) about a first axis in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element (10), a first kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer in the pattern (30), and by flipping the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) about a second axis in the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element (10), a second kinematic effect can be perceived by an observer in the pattern (30), wherein the first axis and the second axis are not parallel to each other.

13. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 12, wherein, The first kinematic effect is the movement of pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) or the movement of a three-dimensional visual object (60).

14. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The second kinematic effect is the motion of an independent additional visual object (70).

15. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 14, wherein, The second kinematic effect is the movement of the bright color effect segment of the independent additional visual object (70).

16. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The visual objects (60) in the pattern (30) can be perceived by the observer as uneven or arched surfaces of the pattern (30).

17. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, At least some pattern elements (50, 50a, 50b) can be perceived as regular or irregular grids, wherein the pattern elements (50b) other than the visual object (60) can be perceived as regular grids.

18. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The visual object (60) in the pattern (30) can be perceived through the distortion of the pattern elements (50, 50a).

19. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein: - The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) includes an arrangement of microreflectors, and each facet of the facets (111) is a surface of a microreflector (110), wherein the microreflector (110) is a micromirror; and / or - The facet includes a textured structure, the textured structure having: an enhanced reflective coating, an optically variable coating, or an HRI coating; and / or - The arrangement structure includes an embossed enamel layer.

20. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 19, wherein, The enhanced reflective coating is a metallic coating.

21. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 19, wherein, The optically variable coating is a liquid crystal coating.

22. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 19, wherein, The optically variable coating is an optically variable multilayer structure.

23. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein, By appropriately choosing the flipping of different facets (111), visual objects can be made visible to the observer through the reflection of light.

24. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 23, wherein, Different optical impressions are visible to the observer depending on the viewing angle.

25. A valuable document (100) having an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

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