Electrostatic precipitator ash plugging short circuit protection system
By installing a negative high-voltage short-circuit device and an emergency ash discharge device in the electrostatic precipitator, ash clogging in the ash hopper can be automatically detected and handled, solving the problems of high cost and error caused by manual reliance in the existing technology, and ensuring equipment safety and stable emission performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
The existing method of troubleshooting ash clogging in the ash hopper of electrostatic precipitators relies heavily on manual labor, which increases labor costs and leads to frequent errors in troubleshooting.
A negative high-voltage short-circuit device is installed between each cathode system and the ash hopper. The device detects whether the ash accumulation surface has reached the warning position through physical contact, triggers the cathode system to short-circuit and shut down, and links the emergency ash removal device to automatically remove ash, reducing manual intervention.
It has achieved automated dust blockage detection and dust removal, reducing labor costs, minimizing fault diagnosis errors, and avoiding equipment damage and safety hazards.
Smart Images
Figure CN117244691B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal power unit technology, and more specifically to a short-circuit protection system for ash blockage in electrostatic precipitators. Background Technology
[0002] In thermal power systems, coal combustion produces a large amount of smoke and dust, including particulate matter and harmful gases. This necessitates downstream environmental protection equipment for smoke filtration to ensure that the emitted flue gas meets emission standards. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are crucial environmental protection devices in thermal power units. Their function is to remove particulate matter from the flue gas emitted by coal-fired or oil-fired boilers, significantly reducing the amount of smoke and dust released into the atmosphere. This is a vital environmental protection device for improving air quality and mitigating pollution. The working principle of an ESP is as follows: when dust particles in the flue gas pass through a high-voltage electrostatic field, they collide with positive and negative ions and electrons between the electrodes, becoming charged (or charged during ion diffusion). The charged dust particles move towards the opposite electrode under the influence of the electric field and accumulate on it. Through methods such as rapping, the dust on the electrodes falls into the collection ash hopper, thus purifying the flue gas passing through the ESP and achieving the goal of protecting the atmosphere and the environment.
[0003] In practical applications, ash hoppers sometimes become clogged. Existing ash hoppers have a discharge port at the bottom. When clogging occurs, the ash accumulates and eventually overflows. To achieve optimal ash discharge performance, ash hoppers are often designed in a conical shape with the apex at the bottom. This structure makes the ash hopper unstable, requiring a steel support for fixation. However, as the ash hopper becomes clogged, a full-load ash hopper poses a significant threat to the structural stability of the steel support, easily leading to equipment damage and safety accidents. To avoid this, current methods rely on manual inspection of ash accumulation and discharge, and manual handling when clogging occurs. This method significantly increases labor costs, and troubleshooting depends heavily on human responsibility, leading to frequent omissions and errors. To address the high degree of manual reliance in existing ash hopper clogging troubleshooting methods, a new ash clogging short-circuit protection system for electrostatic precipitators needs to be developed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a short-circuit protection system for ash blockage in electrostatic precipitators, so as to at least solve the problem of high reliance on manual labor in the existing ash hopper ash blockage fault inspection.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides an electrostatic precipitator ash blockage and short-circuit protection system. The system includes: multiple cathode systems arranged in parallel along the flue gas flow direction for performing ash treatment of the flowing flue gas; a corresponding ash hopper is provided at the lower vertical end of each cathode system for collecting the ash accumulated in the corresponding cathode system; a corresponding negative high-voltage short-circuit device is provided between each cathode system and the corresponding ash hopper for triggering a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system when the ash accumulation in the corresponding ash hopper exceeds the standard and ash blockage occurs; an emergency ash discharge device is provided on each ash hopper, and each device has a linkage mechanism with the negative high-voltage short-circuit device on the corresponding ash hopper. When the short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system is triggered, the emergency ash discharge device is activated to perform emergency ash discharge from the ash hopper.
[0006] Optionally, the negative high-voltage short-circuit device contacts the ash blockage in the corresponding ash hopper, and creates a short circuit by connecting the ash blockage with the anode, thereby achieving a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system.
[0007] Optionally, each negative high-voltage short-circuit device can be moved and adjusted vertically along the plane of the corresponding ash hopper cut, and the adjustment height is determined based on the ash accumulation parameters of the corresponding ash hopper.
[0008] Optionally, the ash accumulation parameters include: the ash accumulation performance of the cathode system corresponding to the ash hopper, the rapping frequency, and the ash discharge performance of the ash hopper.
[0009] Optionally, the system further includes a control unit for determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for each ash hopper based on the ash accumulation parameters of each ash hopper, including: simulating the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper based on the ash accumulation parameters; determining the ash surface rise height of each ash hopper under the preset reaction time based on the preset reaction time; and determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for each ash hopper based on the difference between the preset warning height and the ash surface rise height; wherein, the faster the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper, the lower the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for the corresponding ash hopper.
[0010] Optionally, the negative high-voltage short-circuit device includes: an insulating arm and a metal probe disposed at the top of the insulating arm; the insulating arm can extend and retract in the vertical direction of the plane corresponding to the ash hopper cut.
[0011] Optionally, the emergency ash discharge device includes: an emergency ash discharge port located at a preset height below the side wall of the corresponding ash hopper; each emergency ash discharge port of the emergency ash discharge device extends downwards with a section of ash discharge pipe, and a solenoid valve is installed inside the ash discharge pipe.
[0012] Optionally, each ash hopper may have one or more emergency ash discharge ports arranged around the perimeter of the cross-section where the emergency ash discharge port is located.
[0013] Optionally, the system further includes: a starting device, used to start the corresponding cathode system to resume operation after the negative high voltage short-circuit device and the ash have been out of contact for a preset interval time; during the resumption of operation of the corresponding cathode system, the emergency ash removal device is continuously turned on.
[0014] Optionally, the system further includes an alarm unit, used to generate alarm information when a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system is triggered during the restart process of the corresponding cathode system.
[0015] Through the above technical solution, this invention installs a negative high-voltage short-circuit device between each cathode system and the ash hopper. This device detects whether the ash accumulation surface has risen to the position set by the negative high-voltage short-circuit device via physical contact. When it reaches this position, it triggers a short-circuit protection trip, connecting the ash blockage to the cathode (negative high-voltage power supply) and anode, thus shutting down the electric field. A corresponding emergency ash removal device is also provided. In the event of ash blockage, it can automatically perform emergency ash removal, avoiding safety hazards caused by prolonged ash blockage in the ash hopper. This invention solves the problem of high reliance on manual labor in existing ash hopper blockage fault inspection methods.
[0016] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0018] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of an electrostatic precipitator ash blockage short-circuit protection system provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures
[0020] 10 - Cathode system; 20 - Ash hopper; 30 - Negative high voltage short circuit device; 40 - Emergency ash discharge device. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0022] In thermal power systems, the combustion of coal produces a large amount of smoke and dust, including particulate matter and harmful gases. Back-end environmental protection equipment is needed to filter this smoke and dust to ensure that the emitted flue gas meets emission standards. Electrostatic precipitators are crucial environmental protection devices in thermal power units. Their function is to remove particulate matter from the flue gas emitted by coal-fired or oil-fired boilers, thereby significantly reducing the amount of smoke and dust released into the atmosphere. This is an important piece of environmental protection equipment for improving air quality and reducing environmental pollution.
[0023] The working principle of an electrostatic precipitator is as follows: when dust particles in flue gas pass through a high-voltage electrostatic field, they collide with positive and negative ions and electrons between electrodes and become charged (or become charged during ion diffusion). The dust particles carrying electrons and ions move towards the opposite electrode under the action of the electric field force and accumulate on the opposite electrode. By means of vibration, the dust on the electrode falls into the dust collection hopper 20, thus purifying the flue gas passing through the electrostatic precipitator and achieving the purpose of protecting the atmosphere and the environment.
[0024] In practical applications, ash hopper 20 sometimes experiences ash blockage. Existing ash hoppers 20 have an ash discharge port at the bottom. When blockage occurs, the accumulated ash inside the hopper 20 increases until it overflows. To achieve optimal ash discharge performance, the ash hopper 20 is often designed in a conical shape with the apex at the bottom. This structure makes the ash hopper 20 unstable, requiring a corresponding steel support for fixation. However, as ash accumulates inside the ash hopper 20, a fully loaded hopper 20 poses a significant threat to the structural stability of the steel support, easily leading to equipment damage and safety accidents. To avoid this, current methods involve manually checking the ash accumulation and discharge status of the ash hopper 20, and manually addressing blockages when they occur. This method significantly increases labor costs, and troubleshooting relies heavily on the responsibility of the personnel, leading to frequent omissions and errors.
[0025] To avoid the high reliance on manual intervention in existing ash hopper 20 ash blockage fault inspections, this invention proposes a novel ash blockage short-circuit protection system for electrostatic precipitators. This invention installs a negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 between each cathode system 10 and the ash hopper 20. This device detects whether the ash accumulation surface has risen to the position set by the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 through physical contact. When it reaches this position, it triggers a short-circuit protection trip, shutting down the electric field by connecting the ash blockage to the cathode (negative high-voltage power supply) and anode. A corresponding emergency ash removal device 40 is also included. In the event of ash blockage, it can automatically perform emergency ash removal, preventing safety hazards caused by prolonged ash blockage in the ash hopper 20. This invention solves the problem of high manual intervention in existing ash hopper 20 ash blockage fault inspections.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of an electrostatic precipitator ash blockage short-circuit protection system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, this invention provides an electrostatic precipitator ash blockage and short-circuit protection system. The system includes: multiple cathode systems 10 arranged in parallel along the flue gas flow direction for performing ash treatment of the flowing flue gas; a corresponding ash hopper 20 is provided at the lower vertical end of each cathode system 10 for collecting the ash accumulated in the corresponding cathode system 10; a corresponding negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is provided between each cathode system 10 and the corresponding ash hopper 20 for triggering a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system 10 when the amount of ash accumulated in the corresponding ash hopper 20 exceeds the standard; an emergency ash discharge device 40 is provided on each ash hopper 20, and each device has a linkage mechanism with the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 on the corresponding ash hopper 20. When the corresponding cathode system 10 is triggered to short-circuit and shut down, the emergency ash discharge device 40 is triggered to start and perform emergency ash discharge from the ash hopper 20.
[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, to improve ash accumulation performance, multiple ash accumulation electrodes need to be set in the flue gas flow direction. This is because as the amount of ash accumulated on the electrodes increases, it affects the electrodes' adsorption performance, causing a decrease in ash accumulation performance. Therefore, the electrodes need to be vibrated at predetermined intervals to shake off the dust and collect it into the ash hopper 20. During this vibration process, secondary dust re-entrainment can occur. To solve the problems of incomplete single-pass dust adsorption and secondary dust re-entrainment, multiple cathode systems 10 are set in the flue gas flow direction to achieve multi-round dust adsorption of the flue gas, ensuring thorough ash accumulation during the flue gas flow electrostatic precipitator system. Furthermore, by setting multiple cathode systems 10 and staggering their vibration, the problem of secondary dust re-entrainment can be effectively solved.
[0028] Below each electrostatic precipitator system, there is a dust hopper 20 to collect the dust dropped from the corresponding cathode system 10. In existing methods, because the dust accumulation rate of each electrode in the electrostatic precipitator system is relatively fixed, the dust in the dust hopper 20 is discharged at fixed intervals based on the dust accumulation rate of the corresponding dust hopper 20. However, when dust blockage occurs, the dust accumulation in the dust hopper 20 will continue to increase and cannot be discharged. The present invention aims to solve this dust blockage problem. Therefore, a corresponding negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is provided between each cathode system 10 and the corresponding dust hopper 20. This device is used to trigger a short circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system 10 when the dust accumulation in the corresponding dust hopper 20 exceeds the limit.
[0029] In one possible implementation, the ash hopper 20 under the electric field of the electrostatic precipitator is equipped with a vertically downward cathode short-circuit device (connected to the lower part of the cathode frame, with one set of cathode short-circuit devices added to each ash hopper 20) at the lower part of the cathode frame of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth electric fields. This causes the ash hopper 20 to become clogged at a higher position (when the ash blockage continues to rise), triggering a short circuit in the electric field by connecting the ash blockage with the cathode (negative high-voltage power supply) and the anode. On the one hand, the short circuit causes the short-circuit protection to trip and shut down the electric field, thereby reducing the amount of ash stored.
[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, when a short circuit occurs in one ash hopper 20, it only causes the corresponding cathode system 10 to short-circuit and shut down, without affecting the operation of other cathode systems 10. This is because in practical applications, if ash blockage in one ash hopper 20 causes the entire electrostatic precipitator to stop operating, all flue gas during the shutdown process will not undergo dust removal treatment, resulting in excessive emissions. However, since there are multiple cathode systems 10 and corresponding ash hoppers 20, the situation where all ash hoppers 20 become blocked simultaneously is almost impossible. Therefore, shutting down only the cathode system 10 with ash blockage will not cause the electrostatic precipitator to completely fail, thus ensuring a continuous and stable emission effect.
[0031] Furthermore, while triggering a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system 10 can prevent new ash accumulation in the corresponding ash hopper 20, the ash accumulation in the ash hopper 20 has already reached a warning level when the short-circuit shutdown is triggered. Maintaining such a high level of ash accumulation will keep the steel structure of the corresponding ash hopper 20 under continuous high load, which could easily lead to a collapse accident. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to reduce new ash accumulation, and on the other hand, it is also necessary to solve the problem of emergency ash removal from the current ash hopper 20. Based on this, the present invention provides a corresponding emergency ash removal device 40 at each ash hopper 20 location, which has a linkage mechanism with the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 on the corresponding ash hopper 20. When the corresponding cathode system 10 is triggered to short-circuit shut down, the emergency ash removal device 40 is activated to perform emergency ash removal from the ash hopper 20. This linkage relationship can be signal-driven or implemented by a circuit structure, which is not limited here.
[0032] Preferably, when the corresponding ash hopper 20 is blocked, the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30, after contacting the blocked ash, connects the blocked ash with the anode to create a short circuit, thereby achieving a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system 10.
[0033] Preferably, each negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is movable and adjustable in the vertical direction along the cut plane of the ash hopper 20, and the specific adjustment height is determined based on the ash accumulation parameters of the corresponding ash hopper 20.
[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, as the dust removal operation is performed stage by stage, the amount of ash accumulated in the subsequent cathode system 10 is significantly less than that in the front cathode system 10. Therefore, the ash accumulation rate of the front ash hopper 20 is also greater than that of the subsequent ash hopper 20. This results in the ash accumulation rate of each ash hopper 20 not being the same, because there is a system judgment and execution process, which wastes time. Furthermore, the degree of ash blockage varies, and the current amount of ash removed by vibration results in different ash surface rise rates within the ash hopper 20. If the height of each negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is fixed to the same value, then in the same amount of time, from the warning to the judgment and execution of ash hopper 201, new ash accumulation may have already caused ash hopper 20 to overflow, while the ash accumulation in ash hopper 202 may only be approaching the edge of ash hopper 20. Therefore, for different ash hoppers 20, the setting height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 in this invention is different to ensure that the time from warning to execution for each ash hopper 20 is sufficient. Similarly, by allowing time, the frequency of short-circuit shutdowns of the cathode system 10 can be minimized. The higher the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is installed, the later the shutdown time will be under the same ash accumulation rate, and the lower the frequency of shutdowns within the same time scale, which will also reduce the impact on the ash removal effect of the electrostatic precipitator.
[0035] Preferably, the ash accumulation parameters include: the ash accumulation performance of the ash hopper 20 corresponding to the cathode system 10, the rapping frequency, and the ash discharge performance of the ash hopper 20.
[0036] Preferably, the system further includes a control unit for determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 of each ash hopper 20 based on the ash accumulation parameters of each ash hopper 20, including: simulating the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper 20 based on the ash accumulation parameters of the ash hopper 20; determining the ash surface rise height of each ash hopper 20 under the preset reaction time based on the preset reaction time; and determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 of each ash hopper 20 based on the difference between the preset warning height and the ash surface rise height; wherein, the faster the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper 20, the lower the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 of the corresponding ash hopper 20.
[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, by considering the ash accumulation performance, rapping frequency, and ash discharge performance of the ash hopper 20 corresponding to the cathode system 10, the ash accumulation rate (i.e., the rising speed of the ash surface) within each ash hopper 20 can be accurately simulated. Based on this rate and a preset time, the ash surface height after a corresponding time can be determined. Using the difference between the preset warning height and the rising height of the ash surface as the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30, it is ensured that, starting from the current acquisition time, after a corresponding time, all ash hoppers 20 can stop new ash accumulation at the warning height.
[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, although the low-profile ash hopper 20 of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 will execute a short-circuit shutdown earlier, the shutdown of the cathode system 10 only reduces the duration of the shutdown. After the cathode system 10 shuts down, the dust adhering to it will fall into the ash hopper 20 due to the lack of adsorption force. Therefore, the shutdown of the cathode system 10 does not mean that the ash hopper 20 immediately stops receiving new ash. By adjusting the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30, it can be ensured that after the cathode system 10 shuts down, new dust can only reach the warning height without overflowing.
[0039] Preferably, the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 includes: an insulating arm and a metal probe disposed at the top of the insulating arm; the insulating arm can extend and retract in the vertical direction along the cut plane of the ash hopper 20.
[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 is telescopic via an insulating arm to adjust the position of the metal probe. The system automatically determines the required height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 in the ash hopper 20, and then drives the insulating arm to move the metal probe to the predetermined position. The insulating arm is used to avoid large-area exposure of the negative high-voltage power supply, thus preventing potential safety accidents. The metal probe is used to enable the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 to conduct electricity, thus facilitating subsequent short-circuit operation.
[0041] Preferably, the emergency ash discharge device 40 includes: an emergency ash discharge port located on the side wall of the lower 1 / 3 portion of the ash hopper 20; each emergency ash discharge port extends downwards with a section of ash discharge pipe, and a solenoid valve is installed inside the ash discharge pipe.
[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the emergency ash discharge device 40 functions as an emergency ash discharge outlet when ash hopper 20 becomes clogged. Since existing ash needs to be collected in a fixed container, this emergency ash discharge outlet cannot operate continuously to prevent ash from being discharged to the outside. It is only used when ash blockage occurs. Therefore, a solenoid valve needs to be installed inside the ash discharge pipe to open and urgently discharge ash in case of blockage. The emergency ash discharge device 40 is positioned on the side wall of the lower 1 / 3 of ash hopper 20 to ensure effective ash level reduction and to avoid the original blockage point as much as possible, thus ensuring the ash discharge performance of the emergency ash discharge device.
[0043] Preferably, each ash hopper 20 has one or more emergency ash discharge ports arranged around the perimeter of the cross-section where the emergency ash discharge port is located.
[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, for the best emergency ash removal effect, one or more emergency ash removal ports are provided around the perimeter of the cross-section of the ash hopper 20 along the location of the emergency ash removal port, preferably multiple ports. Multiple emergency ash removal ports can be opened simultaneously or partially. When one emergency ash removal port is also blocked, other emergency ash removal ports can be activated to perform emergency ash removal, thereby improving the fault tolerance of the entire system.
[0045] Preferably, the system further includes: a starting device for starting the electrostatic precipitator to resume operation after a preset interval time has elapsed between the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 and the accumulated ash; during the resumption of operation of the electrostatic precipitator, the emergency ash removal device 40 is continuously turned on.
[0046] During emergency ash removal, it cannot be guaranteed that relevant personnel can handle the fault in a timely manner, which would cause the corresponding cathode system 10 to remain in a shutdown state for an extended period. When other cathode systems 10 also shut down, the dust removal effect would be severely impacted. To avoid this situation, the present invention includes a starting device. When the accumulated ash surface loses contact with the negative high-voltage short-circuit device 30 due to emergency discharge, indicating that the ash in the ash hopper 20 is gradually being discharged, the starting device will restart the corresponding cathode system 10 at predetermined intervals to ensure the ash removal effect. During this process, if the original ash blockage point is not cleared, the emergency ash removal device 40 will continue to operate until the relevant personnel troubleshoot the fault and manually shut down the emergency ash removal device 40.
[0047] Preferably, the system further includes an alarm unit, used to generate alarm information when the corresponding cathode system 10 is triggered to short-circuit and shut down during the restart of the electrostatic precipitator.
[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, during the restart of the electrostatic precipitator, the corresponding cathode short-circuit device re-enters the running state and continuously detects whether there is ash blockage during the restart of the electrostatic precipitator. If ash blockage occurs again, it means that the emergency ash removal device 40 is also blocked, and the existing emergency ash removal function will be lost. At this time, an alarm message needs to be generated to remind relevant personnel to deal with the fault in time.
[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a microcontroller, chip, or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
[0050] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details described above. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not further describe the various possible combinations.
[0051] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A short-circuit protection system for ash blockage in an electrostatic precipitator, characterized in that, The system includes: Multiple cathode systems arranged in parallel along the flue gas flow direction are used to perform ash removal of the flowing flue gas; Each cathode system has a corresponding ash hopper at its lower vertical position to collect the accumulated ash from that cathode system. Each cathode system is equipped with a corresponding negative high-voltage short-circuit device between itself and its corresponding ash hopper. This device is used to trigger a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system in the event of excessive ash accumulation and ash blockage in the ash hopper. Each negative high-voltage short-circuit device can be moved and adjusted in the vertical direction along the corresponding ash hopper cut plane, and the adjustment height is determined based on the ash accumulation parameters of the corresponding ash hopper; The ash accumulation parameters include: the ash accumulation performance of the cathode system corresponding to the ash hopper, the rapping frequency, and the ash discharge performance of the ash hopper; The system also includes a control unit for determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for each ash hopper based on the ash accumulation parameters of each ash hopper. This includes: simulating the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper based on the ash accumulation parameters; determining the rise height of the ash surface in each ash hopper based on a preset reaction time; and determining the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for each ash hopper based on the difference between a preset warning height and the rise height of the ash surface. The faster the ash accumulation rate of the corresponding ash hopper, the lower the height of the negative high-voltage short-circuit device for the corresponding ash hopper. Each ash hopper is equipped with an emergency ash discharge device, and each device has a linkage mechanism with the corresponding negative high-voltage short-circuit device on the ash hopper. When the corresponding cathode system is short-circuited and shut down, the emergency ash discharge device is activated to perform emergency ash discharge from the ash hopper.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative high-voltage short-circuit device comes into contact with the ash blockage in the corresponding ash hopper, and creates a short circuit by connecting the ash blockage with the anode, thereby achieving a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative high-voltage short-circuit device includes: An insulating arm and a metal probe mounted on the top of the insulating arm; The insulating arm can extend and retract in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the corresponding ash hopper cut.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency ash removal device includes: An emergency ash discharge port is installed at a preset height below the side wall of the corresponding ash hopper; Each emergency ash discharge device has an emergency ash discharge port that extends downwards into a ash discharge pipe, and a solenoid valve is installed inside the ash discharge pipe.
5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each ash hopper has one or more emergency ash discharge ports around the circumference of the cross-section where the emergency ash discharge port is located.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The starting device is used to start the corresponding cathode system to resume operation after the negative high voltage short circuit device has been out of contact with the ash accumulation for a preset interval time. During the restart of the corresponding cathode system, the emergency ash removal device remains continuously activated.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The alarm unit is used to generate alarm information when a short-circuit shutdown of the corresponding cathode system is triggered during the restart process of the corresponding cathode system.