A novel device and method for measuring axial force and torque in hole machining

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hole machining technology and discloses a novel device for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining. The device includes an axial force measuring mechanism, a torque measuring mechanism, a support disk, and a workpiece fixture. The axial force measuring mechanism includes an axial force sensor, and the torque measuring mechanism includes a torque force sensor. The torque force sensor is correspondingly disposed above the axial force sensor and is axially separated. The support disk is rotatably connected to the top of the axial force measuring mechanism and is coaxially and detachably connected to the torque force sensor. The rotation of the support disk transmits torque to the torque force sensor and can simultaneously transmit pressure to the axial force sensor. The workpiece fixture is fixedly connected to the support disk for holding the workpiece. This invention employs a separate design for the axial force measuring mechanism and the torque measuring mechanism, which can simultaneously measure axial force and torque during drilling, ensuring that the measurements of axial force and torque do not interfere with each other, thus improving the measurement accuracy of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hole machining technology, and in particular to a novel device and method for measuring axial force and torque in hole machining. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace, automotive, and other fields, higher demands are being placed on the lightweight performance of processed materials. SiCp / Al (silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix) composites, characterized by their lightweight, high strength, wear resistance, and fatigue resistance, have become ideal alternatives. Hole machining is widely used in the assembly of SiCp / Al composite components. Existing technologies using twist drills are simple and easy to operate, offering advantages such as good machining quality, high precision, and high efficiency, making them a universally applicable hole machining method. However, due to the significant difference in physical and mechanical properties between the high-hardness silicon carbide particles and the aluminum matrix, a large instantaneous impact load is generated when the tool contacts the silicon carbide particles, leading to a sharp increase in axial force and torque. This results in uneven distribution of axial force and torque, significantly affecting the accuracy of axial force and torque measurements. Furthermore, drilling axial force and torque are two important indicators for studying the material removal mechanism during drilling, significantly impacting tool life and hole machining quality.

[0003] In the existing technology, force sensors are the most commonly used detection instruments for collecting axial force and torque signals during drilling. In integrated axial force and torque devices, torque force sensors are usually stacked on top of axial force sensors. Since torque sensors are small in size, they usually need to be fixed with support columns, which also serve as supports. As a result, load interference can easily occur between the axial force sensor, torque force sensor, and support column, leading to inaccurate axial force and torque data acquisition and causing measurement errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel device and method for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, which effectively separates the axial force measuring mechanism and the torque measuring mechanism in the axial direction, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of load interference on the measurement of axial force and torque during the workpiece drilling process.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a novel device for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, the measuring device comprising:

[0006] An axial force measuring mechanism, comprising an axial force sensor for measuring the axial pressure during workpiece hole machining;

[0007] A torque measuring mechanism, comprising a torque force sensor for measuring the circumferential torque during workpiece hole machining; the torque force sensor is correspondingly disposed above the axial force sensor and is axially separated.

[0008] A support disk is rotatably connected to the top of the axial force measuring mechanism, and the support disk is coaxial with the torque force sensor but can be detachably connected; the rotation of the support disk transmits torque to the torque force sensor, and pressure can be synchronously transmitted to the axial force sensor.

[0009] A workpiece clamp is fixedly connected to the support disc for holding the workpiece in place.

[0010] Preferably, the axial force measuring mechanism includes a support base plate, the axial force sensor is fixedly mounted on the support base plate, and a gravity support plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the axial force sensor. The gravity support plate has a cross structure, and gravity support rods are fixedly mounted on the top of the branch plates of the gravity support plate. The tops of the four gravity support rods are fixedly connected to a support ring plate, and the inner ring of the support ring plate forms an installation hole.

[0011] Preferably, the torque measuring mechanism includes multiple torque support rods coaxially arranged along the support ring plate in the circumferential direction of the support base plate, and a torque support plate is provided at the top of the multiple torque support rods. The torque support plate has a cross structure and is correspondingly arranged above the gravity support plate and staggered.

[0012] The torque force sensor is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the torque support plate, and a transmission protrusion is fixedly connected to the top of the torque force sensor, with the transmission protrusion extending into the center of the mounting hole.

[0013] Preferably, a support bearing is fixedly connected to the mounting hole, a support ring groove is provided on the back side of the support disk, and a connecting groove for mounting the transmission protrusion is provided at the center of the support disk. The depth of the connecting groove is greater than the length of the transmission protrusion, and the transmission protrusion is inserted into the connecting groove without forming axial support.

[0014] Preferably, the workpiece fixture includes a fixture disk, the fixture disk having a machining groove at its center and U-shaped elongated holes symmetrically arranged along both sides of the machining groove, and connecting pins slidably disposed in the U-shaped elongated holes, the top ends of the two connecting pins being fixedly connected to the clamping claws arranged opposite to each other.

[0015] The bottom surface of the clamping disc is provided with support rails on both sides along the length of the U-shaped long hole, and guide sliders connected to connecting pins are slidably connected inside the support rails. The bottom end of the support rail is provided with a support ring and a transmission screw rotatably connected inside the support ring. One end of the transmission screw is fixedly connected to a drive handle, and the bottom end of the guide slider is provided with a transmission sleeve fitted on the transmission screw. Driving the transmission screw to rotate can cause the two guide sliders to move away from or closer to each other along the support rail.

[0016] Preferably, the inner clamping surface of the clamping claw is inclined downward.

[0017] Preferably, the clamping disc has a plurality of support feet circumferentially arranged at its bottom end, which are fixedly connected to the supporting disc; a vibration damping mechanism is provided on the supporting disc below the clamping disc, the vibration damping mechanism includes a fixed support fixedly arranged on the supporting disc and an ultrasonic transducer fixedly connected to the fixed support, the ultrasonic transducer has a sound-emitting end at its front end, a support block for supporting the sound-emitting end is provided on the supporting disc, a direction converter corresponding to the sound-emitting end is provided at the top of the support block, the direction converter has a plurality of guide holes at its top end, and the top surface of the direction converter abuts against the bottom surface of the clamping disc.

[0018] This invention also discloses a method for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Fix the support base plate of the measuring device on the high-speed drilling machine, loosen the drive handle to move the two clamping jaws away from each other, place the workpiece to be drilled in the processing station, tighten the drive handle to move the two clamping jaws to clamp the workpiece to be drilled.

[0020] Step 2: Turn on the ultrasonic power supply to conduct the ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic transducer converts the generated horizontal vibration into vertical axial vibration through the direction converter and transmits it to the clamping disk to counteract the axial vibration during the workpiece drilling process. The output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply can be controlled to adjust the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer on the clamping disk.

[0021] Step 3: Connect the axial force sensor and the torque force sensor to the computer via communication cables, and turn on the DC power supply to power the axial force sensor and the torque force sensor.

[0022] Step 4: Start the machine tool to perform drilling operations on the workpiece. During the drilling operation, the axial force sensor and torque force sensor generate voltage signals, which are transmitted to the computer via the data acquisition card to display the axial force and torque data information in real time.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device of the present invention adopts a separate design for the axial force measuring mechanism and the torque measuring mechanism. While satisfying the requirement of synchronously measuring axial force and torque during drilling, it also ensures that the axial force and torque measurements do not interfere with each other, avoids direct contact between the axial force sensor, the torque force sensor and the corresponding support structure, and improves the measurement accuracy of the measuring device.

[0025] 2. In view of the brittle-plastic bonding characteristics of SiCp / Al composite materials during processing, an ultrasonic vibration damping mechanism is used to apply pulse vibrations of specific frequency, direction and amplitude to the drilling workpiece or tool, which can effectively improve the surface processing quality of SiCp / Al composite workpieces, reduce cutting force and extend tool life.

[0026] 3. This tool fixture has the advantages of small size, light weight and compact structure, and can meet the drilling needs of various irregularly shaped workpieces. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the measuring device structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout structure of the axial force measuring mechanism and torque measuring mechanism;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the workpiece fixture structure;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamping platform;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the vibration damping mechanism;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the back structure of the central support disk.

[0033] Attached image captions:

[0034] 100. Measuring device;

[0035] 1. Axial force measuring mechanism; 11. Support base plate; 12. Axial force sensor; 13. Gravity support plate; 14. Gravity support rod; 15. Support ring plate; 151. Mounting hole;

[0036] 2. Torque measuring mechanism; 21. Torque support rod; 22. Torque support plate; 23. Torque force sensor; 231. Transmission protrusion; 24. Support bearing;

[0037] 3. Supporting disc; 31. Supporting annular groove; 32. Connecting groove;

[0038] 4. Workpiece clamp; 41. Clamping disc; 411. Supporting foot block; 412. Machining groove; 413. U-shaped elongated hole; 42. Clamping jaw; 43. Connecting pin; 44. Supporting guide rail; 45. Guide slider; 46. Support ring; 47. Transmission screw; 48. Transmission sleeve; 49. Drive handle;

[0039] 5. Vibration damping mechanism; 51. Fixed support; 52. Ultrasonic transducer; 521. Sound-generating end; 53. Support block; 54. Direction converter; 541. Guide hole. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this invention discloses a novel axial force and torque measuring device for hole machining. The measuring device 100 includes an axial force measuring mechanism 1, a torque measuring mechanism 2, a support disk 3, and a workpiece fixture 4. The axial force measuring mechanism 1 includes a support base plate 11 and an axial force sensor 12. The axial force sensor 12 is fixedly mounted on the support base plate 11, and a gravity support plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the top of the axial force sensor 12. The gravity support plate 13 has a cross structure, and gravity support rods 14 are fixedly mounted on the top of the four sets of branch plates of the gravity support plate 13. The four gravity support rods 14 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the axial force sensor 12. A support ring plate 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the four gravity support rods 14. The support ring plate 15 is located on a horizontal plane or a vertical plane, and a mounting hole 151 is provided in the inner ring of the support ring plate 15. When the support ring plate 15 is subjected to compressive load, the axial force of the borehole can be uniformly transmitted to the gravity support plate 13 and the axial force sensor 12 through the gravity support rod 14, thereby realizing the accurate detection of the axial force of the borehole.

[0043] like Figure 2As shown, the torque measuring mechanism 2 includes a torque force sensor 23 for measuring the circumferential torque of the workpiece hole machining; the torque force sensor 23 is correspondingly disposed on the upper side of the axial force sensor 12 and is axially separated. The torque measuring mechanism 2 includes multiple torque support rods 21 coaxially disposed along the support ring plate 15 in the circumferential direction of the support base plate 11. The top of the multiple torque support rods 21 is provided with a torque support plate 22. The torque support plate 22 has a cross structure and is correspondingly disposed above the gravity support plate 13, and is staggered with the gravity support plate 13 to avoid interference between the installation positions of the torque support plate 22, the gravity support plate 13, and the corresponding gravity support rods 14 and torque support rods 21. A torque sensor 23 is fixedly mounted at the center of the top of the torque support plate 22, and a transmission protrusion 231 is fixedly connected to the top of the torque sensor 23. The transmission protrusion 231 extends into the center of the mounting hole 151. The transmission protrusion 231 can be a square prism, triangular prism, or pentagonal prism to prevent axial rotational misalignment after the transmission protrusion 231 is connected. The torque sensor 23 can measure the rotational torque data of the workpiece to be drilled during the drilling process.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the support disk 3 is rotatably connected to the top of the axial force measuring mechanism 1, and the support disk 3 and the torque measuring sensor 23 are coaxially connected but detachable. The rotation of the support disk 3 transmits torque to the torque measuring sensor 23, and can also transmit pressure synchronously to the axial force measuring sensor 12. A support bearing 24 is fixedly connected in the mounting hole 151 of the support ring plate 15. The support bearing 24 can be a sealed angular contact ball bearing. The support disk 3 has a support ring groove 31 on its back side and a connecting groove 32 for mounting the transmission protrusion 231 at the center of the support disk 3. The depth of the connecting groove 32 is greater than the length of the transmission protrusion 231. The transmission protrusion 231 is inserted into the connecting groove 32 but does not form axial support. During installation, the support ring groove 31 of the support disk is aligned with the support bearing 24 and secured to the support bearing 24, allowing the support disk 3 to rotate freely in the horizontal plane along the support ring plate 15 via the support bearing 24. The transmission protrusion 231 at the top of the torque sensor 23 is inserted into the connecting groove 32 on the bottom surface of the support disk 3, so that the torque generated by the support disk 3 during rotation is transmitted to the torque sensor 23 through the transmission protrusion 231 for torque measurement. The transmission protrusion 231 is designed to be shorter than the depth of the connecting groove 32, so that the transmission protrusion 231 does not support the support disk 3 after being inserted into the connecting groove. This allows the torque sensor 23 to be relatively separated from the support ring plate 15 and the axial force sensor 12, preventing interference and improving the measurement accuracy of the axial force sensor 12 and the torque sensor 23.

[0045] like Figures 3-4As shown, the workpiece fixture 4 is fixedly connected to the support disc 3 for fixing and clamping the workpiece. The workpiece fixture 4 includes a clamping disc 41, with a machining groove 412 at the center and U-shaped elongated holes 413 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the machining groove 412. The machining groove 412 can prevent the drill bit tip from damaging the clamping disc 41 during the workpiece drilling process. Connecting pins 43 are slidably arranged in the U-shaped elongated holes 413, and the tops of the two connecting pins 43 are fixedly connected to the clamping claws 42 arranged opposite to each other. Supporting guide rails 44 are arranged on both sides of the bottom surface of the clamping disc 41 along the length direction of the U-shaped elongated holes 413. Guide sliders 45 connected to the connecting pins 43 are slidably connected in the supporting guide rails 44. A support ring 46 is provided at the bottom end of the supporting guide rails 44, and a transmission screw 47 is rotatably connected in the support ring. A drive handle 49 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission screw 47, and a transmission sleeve 48 is provided at the bottom end of the guide slider 45 and fitted on the transmission screw. Rotating the drive handle 49 drives the transmission screw 47 to rotate, which in turn causes the two guide sliders 45 to move away from or towards each other along the support guide rail 44. The guide sliders 45 then drive the connecting pin 43 to move along the U-shaped elongated hole 413, thereby causing the two clamping jaws 42 to either move away from or towards the workpiece to clamp and position it. The inner clamping surfaces of the clamping jaws 42 are inclined downwards. When the drive handle 49 is tightened to drive the two clamping jaws 42 to clamp the workpiece, a downward force is generated on the workpiece, making the workpiece clamped more securely. Furthermore, the clamping jaws 42 can rotate around the connecting pin 43 to change the clamping position according to the shape of the workpiece, adapting to clamping workpieces of different shapes.

[0046] like Figure 5As shown, the clamping disk 41 has multiple support feet 411 fixedly connected to the support disk 3 around its bottom circumference. The clamping disk 41 is fixedly connected to the support disk 3 through the support feet 411, and a mounting cavity is formed on the lower side of the clamping disk 41. A vibration damping mechanism 5 is installed in the mounting cavity located below the clamping disk 41 on the support disk 3. The vibration damping mechanism 5 includes a fixed support 51 fixedly installed on the support disk and an ultrasonic transducer 52 fixedly connected to the fixed support 51. The ultrasonic transducer 52 has a sound-emitting end 521 at its front end. The support disk 3 has a support block 53 supporting the sound-emitting end 521. The top of the support block 53 has a direction converter 54 corresponding to the sound-emitting end 521. The top of the direction converter 54 has multiple guide holes 541, and the top surface of the direction converter 54 abuts against the bottom surface of the clamping disk 41. In response to the brittle-plastic bonding characteristics of SiCp / Al composite materials during processing, the ultrasonic transducer 52 generates horizontal vibration during operation. The direction converter 54 converts the horizontal vibration into axial vibration, which is then transmitted to the workpiece. Ultrasonic vibration drilling reduces the axial force and torque fluctuations caused by SiC particles during the processing of SiCp / Al composite materials by applying pulse vibrations of specific frequency, direction, and amplitude to the workpiece or tool. This accurately reflects the changes in load fluctuations, making the measurement results more accurate, effectively improving the surface processing quality of SiCp / Al composite workpieces, extending tool life, and enhancing the hole processing quality of the workpiece.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] This invention also discloses a method for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Fix the support base plate 11 of the measuring device 100 on the high-speed drilling machine, loosen the drive handle to move the two clamping jaws 42 away from each other, place the workpiece to be drilled in the processing station, and tighten the drive handle to clamp the two clamping jaws 42 on the workpiece to be drilled.

[0050] Step 2: Turn on the ultrasonic power supply to conduct the ultrasonic transducer 52. The ultrasonic transducer 52 converts the generated horizontal vibration into vertical axial vibration through the direction converter 54 and transmits it to the clamping disk 41 to counteract the axial vibration during the workpiece drilling process. The output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply can be controlled to adjust the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer 52 on the clamping disk.

[0051] Step 3: Connect the axial force sensor 12 and the torque force sensor 23 to the computer via communication cables, and turn on the DC power supply to power the axial force sensor 12 and the torque force sensor 23.

[0052] Step 4: Start the machine tool to perform drilling operations on the workpiece to be drilled. During the drilling operation, the axial force sensor 12 and the torque force sensor 23 generate voltage signals respectively, which are transmitted to the computer through the data acquisition card to display the axial force and torque data information in real time.

[0053] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel device for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, characterized in that, The measuring device (100) includes: An axial force measuring mechanism (1) includes an axial force sensor (12) for measuring the axial pressure during workpiece hole machining. The torque measuring mechanism (2) includes a torque force sensor (23) for measuring the circumferential torque of the workpiece hole machining; the torque force sensor (23) is correspondingly arranged on the upper side of the axial force sensor (12) and is axially separated; A support disk (3) is rotatably connected to the top of the axial force measuring mechanism (1), and the support disk (3) is coaxial with the torque measuring sensor (23) and can be detachably connected; the rotation of the support disk (3) transmits torque to the torque measuring sensor (23), and can also transmit pressure synchronously to the axial force measuring sensor (12). The workpiece clamp (4) is fixedly connected to the support disc (3) for fixing and clamping the workpiece.

2. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial force measuring mechanism (1) includes a support base plate (11), the axial force sensor (12) is fixedly mounted on the support base plate (11), and a gravity support plate (13) is fixedly mounted on the top of the axial force sensor (12). The gravity support plate (13) has a cross structure, and gravity support rods (14) are fixedly mounted on the top of the branch plates of the gravity support plate (13). The tops of the four gravity support rods (14) are fixedly connected to a support ring plate (15), and the inner ring of the support ring plate (15) forms an installation hole (151).

3. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The torque measuring mechanism (2) includes multiple torque support rods (21) coaxially arranged along the support ring plate (15) in the circumferential direction of the support base plate (11). The top of the multiple torque support rods (21) is provided with a torque support plate (22). The torque support plate (22) has a cross structure and is arranged above the gravity support plate (13) and staggered. The torque force sensor (23) is fixedly installed at the top center of the torque support plate (22), and a transmission protrusion (231) is fixedly connected to the top of the torque force sensor (23), the transmission protrusion (231) extending into the center of the mounting hole (151).

4. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting hole (151) is fixedly connected to a support bearing (24). The support disc (3) has a support ring groove (31) on its back side and a connecting groove (32) for mounting a transmission protrusion (231) at the center of the support disc (3). The depth of the connecting groove (32) is greater than the length of the transmission protrusion (231). The transmission protrusion (231) is inserted into the connecting groove (32) and does not form axial support.

5. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece fixture (4) includes a fixture disk (41), the fixture disk (41) has a machining groove (412) in the center and U-shaped elongated holes (413) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the machining groove (412), and connecting pins (43) are slidably arranged in the U-shaped elongated holes (413), and the top ends of the two connecting pins (43) are fixedly connected to the clamping claws (42) arranged opposite to each other; The bottom surface of the clamping disc (41) is provided with support rails (44) on both sides along the length direction of the U-shaped elongated hole (413), and guide sliders (45) connected to the connecting pins (43) are slidably connected in the support rails (44). The bottom end of the support rails (44) is provided with a support ring (46) and a transmission screw (47) rotatably connected in the support ring. One end of the transmission screw (47) is fixedly connected with a drive handle (49), and the bottom end of the guide sliders (45) is provided with a transmission sleeve (48) fitted on the transmission screw. Driving the transmission screw (47) to rotate can drive the two guide sliders (45) to move away from or closer to each other along the support rails (44).

6. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner clamping surface of the clamping claw (42) is inclined downward.

7. The novel hole machining axial force and torque measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom end of the clamping disk (41) is provided with a plurality of support feet (411) fixedly connected to the support disk (3); a vibration damping mechanism (5) is provided on the support disk (3) below the clamping disk (41). The vibration damping mechanism (5) includes a fixed support (51) fixedly mounted on the support disk and an ultrasonic transducer (52) fixedly connected on the fixed support (51). The front end of the ultrasonic transducer (52) is provided with a sound-emitting end (521). The support disk (3) is provided with a support block (53) supporting the sound-emitting end (521). The top end of the support block (53) is provided with a direction converter (54) corresponding to the sound-emitting end (521). The top end of the direction converter (54) is provided with a plurality of guide holes (541), and the top surface of the direction converter (54) abuts against the bottom surface of the clamping disk (41).

8. A method for measuring axial force and torque during hole machining, characterized in that, The method of using the measuring device (100) as described in claim 7 includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the measuring device (100) on the high-speed drilling machine, loosen the drive handle to move the two clamping jaws (42) away from each other, place the workpiece to be drilled in the processing station, tighten the drive handle to move the two clamping jaws (42) to clamp the workpiece to be drilled. Step 2: Start the ultrasonic power supply to conduct the ultrasonic transducer (52). The ultrasonic transducer (52) converts the generated horizontal vibration into vertical axial vibration through the direction converter (54) and transmits it to the clamping disk (41) to counteract the axial vibration during the workpiece drilling process. The output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply can be controlled to adjust the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer (52) on the clamping disk. Step 3: Connect the axial force sensor (12) and the torque force sensor (23) to the computer via communication cables, and turn on the DC power supply to power the axial force sensor (12) and the torque force sensor (23); Step 4: Start the machine tool to drill the workpiece. The axial force sensor (12) and torque force sensor (23) generate voltage signals during the drilling process, which are transmitted to the computer via the data acquisition card to display the axial force and torque data in real time.

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