A ginseng field cultivation method based on oak fungus wood

Abstract

The application discloses a wild field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus materials and belongs to the technical field of Gastrodia elata cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the steps of fungus material cultivation, seed selection, land preparation and seeding and the like, and a stabilizer with good air permeability, water retention and heat preservation is prepared and applied to Gastrodia elata planting holes, so that a stable and good environment is provided for Gastrodia elata growth, the problem that Gastrodia elata is easily affected by temperature and leads to yield and quality reduction is solved, Gastrodia elata growth is promoted, and Gastrodia elata yield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, and in particular to a field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus materials. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata, also known as red arrow and bright sky hemp, is a perennial herbaceous parasitic plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is widely distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, and Anhui provinces in my country. In recent years, with the deepening of research on Gastrodia elata, and the increasing recognition of its medicinal and health benefits, demand has continued to grow, leading to an annual increase in wild harvesting. Traditional wild Gastrodia elata production can no longer meet market demand. Consequently, since the 1980s, research on its artificial cultivation has been underway in many parts of my country.

[0003] The existing methods for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata include greenhouse cultivation, hydroponic cultivation, and field soil cultivation. Greenhouse cultivation can precisely control factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, providing a suitable growth environment for Gastrodia elata, thereby improving yield and quality. However, greenhouse construction and equipment investment costs are high, and more manpower and material resources are required for management and maintenance. Hydroponics does not require soil, which can reduce the risk of soil pollution and soil-borne pests and diseases, but requires advanced technology and is costly. Field soil cultivation can maintain a more natural growth state, which is conducive to preserving the natural characteristics of the medicinal material, and is relatively low in cost, making it a more ideal method for cultivating Gastrodia elata.

[0004] During field cultivation of Gastrodia elata, temperature fluctuations significantly impact its yield and quality. Summer planting typically occurs in May. After planting, temperatures rise, reaching 30°C. This inhibits the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata, impacting yield. Currently, mulching Gastrodia elata with leaves is a common method for insulating the plant to mitigate the impact of temperature on yield. However, leaves are ineffective at retaining heat and can easily breed bacteria, leading to pests and diseases.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to find a new method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata to reduce the impact of temperature on its growth and increase its yield. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus, so as to solve the problem that outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata is easily affected by temperature, resulting in decreased yield and quality.

[0007] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0008] A method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus materials, the method being as follows:

[0009] (1) Cultivation of fungus materials: Select oak wood with a diameter of 5-16 cm, saw it to a length of 40-60 cm, cut 3-4 lines of fish scales on the skin around it to obtain oak wood segments; dig a culture pit with a depth of 40-85 cm and a width of 60-80 cm, spread a layer of leaves on the bottom of the culture pit, and then place a layer of oak wood segments side by side, place honey fungus species at the fish scales of the oak wood segments, and then fill the gaps between the oak wood segments with soil, and then place the second layer of oak wood segments and honey fungus species in sequence, repeat the operation to place 3-5 layers of oak wood segments, cover the top layer of oak wood segments with 15-20 cm of soil, and finally cover it with a layer of leaves for insulation, and obtain fungus materials after 50-70 days;

[0010] (2) Seed selection: Select fresh and healthy primary tubers that are free of pests and diseases, without damage, normal in color, and fresh as seed hemp;

[0011] (3) Site selection and land preparation: Select soil rich in humus, loose, well-ventilated and well-drained as the cultivation site, and dig planting holes in the cultivation site;

[0012] (4) Sowing: Spread a 2-3 cm thick stabilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, then place the mushroom wood and oak sections alternately, place the seeds on both sides and both ends of the mushroom wood, fill the gap between the mushroom wood and the oak section with soil, then cover with a 2-3 cm thick stabilizer, and then fill the entire planting hole with soil and compact it, and then carry out routine maintenance.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil in the cultivation site is slightly acidic sandy soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), the planting hole is 30-45 cm deep and 55-75 cm wide.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the spacing between the mushroom material and the oak wood segments when they are placed alternately is 4-7 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (4), 8-10 seeds are placed on each root of mushroom material, 1 at each end, and 3-4 on each side.

[0017] Furthermore, the stabilizer includes the following raw materials by weight:

[0018] 20-35 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 1-2 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 1-3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.05-0.08 parts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.4-0.8 parts of n-propylamine, and 0.2-0.5 parts of ethyl pyruvate.

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation method of the stabilizer is as follows:

[0020] A: Add polyacrylamide to water to prepare a 20 wt% polyacrylamide solution, heat in a water bath at 85-95°C for 3-4 hours, then add polyethylene glycol while maintaining the water bath temperature, stir and mix thoroughly, then add ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, stir and mix thoroughly, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a gel mixture.

[0021] B: Place the gel mixture and ethyl pyruvate into a homogenizer and homogenize at 700-900 rpm for 10-20 minutes. After homogenization, adjust the pH to 8.5-9.5 and transfer to a reactor to react at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours. Then, add n-propylamine while maintaining the constant temperature and continue the reaction for 1-2 hours. After the reaction is complete, place in a granulator, granulate, and dry to obtain gel particles.

[0022] C: After crushing the straw, adding sawdust, humic acid, and perlite, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, adjusting the pH and water content of the mixture, and then adding gel particles and mixing uniformly to obtain a stabilizer.

[0023] Polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate are added to a polyacrylamide solution under water bath heating conditions to react to obtain a gel mixture, ethyl pyruvate is added to the gel mixture for homogenization, and then n-propylamine is added after adjusting the pH, heated for reaction, and granulated and dried to obtain gel particles, and straw, sawdust and other raw materials are mixed and adjusted for water content and pH before being mixed with the gel particles to obtain a stabilizer. The stabilizer is applied to the planting hole, and the gel particles in the stabilizer have phase change properties. When the ambient temperature rises, the gel particles undergo phase change and absorb heat, thereby lowering the temperature in the planting hole, reducing the adverse effects of high summer temperatures on gastrodia elata, and promoting good growth of gastrodia elata. Since the suitable growth temperature of gastrodia elata is relatively low, and the phase change temperature of the gel particles prepared by polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol is relatively high, it is impossible to ensure phase change within the suitable growth temperature of gastrodia elata. Therefore, n-propylamine is added to the gel particles to change the interaction between the gel molecules, thereby lowering its phase change temperature and better maintaining a suitable environment for gastrodia elata growth. However, the addition of n-propylamine will inhibit the heat absorption effect of the gel particles. When the ambient temperature changes rapidly, the gel particles have slow heat absorption efficiency and cannot quickly adjust the temperature. Therefore, ethyl pyruvate is also added to the gel particles to increase the heat absorption effect of the gel particles, so that they can respond faster to changes in ambient temperature, better regulate the temperature in the planting hole, and provide suitable temperature conditions for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0024] Adding straw, humic acid and other raw materials into the stabilizer can increase the air permeability and water retention of the stabilizer, and work together with the gel particles to keep the Gastrodia elata warm while providing a good growth environment and nutrients for its growth, thus promoting better growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0025] Furthermore, the reaction temperature in the reactor in step B is 55-65°C.

[0026] Furthermore, in step C, the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 5-6 and the water content is adjusted to 60-75%.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The stabilizer prepared by the present invention is applied to the planting hole of Gastrodia elata to keep it warm, reduce the adverse effects of temperature increase on its growth, and solve the problem that Gastrodia elata is easily affected by temperature, resulting in reduced yield and quality. At the same time, the stabilizer provides Gastrodia elata with sufficient oxygen and moisture, creating a good environment for its growth and promoting its good growth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 :This is a picture of the oak wood segment, the raw material of the fungus material of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 : The picture of the cultivation site with loose soil selected for the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 : This is a picture of the Gastrodia elata obtained by planting in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0033] The invention discloses a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata in the wild based on oak fungus materials. Before the Gastrodia elata is cultivated in the wild, a stabilizer is first prepared. Raw materials for preparing the stabilizer are all conventionally purchased from the market, wherein the molecular weight of the purchased polyethylene glycol is 1000.

[0034] Example 1: Preparation of stabilizer

[0035] 25kg straw, 12kg sawdust, 1.5kg humic acid, 6kg perlite, 4kg polyacrylamide, 2kg polyethylene glycol, 0.06kg ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.6kg n-propylamine, and 0.3kg ethyl pyruvate.

[0036] Preparation method:

[0037] A: Add polyacrylamide to water to prepare a 20 wt% polyacrylamide solution, heat in a 90°C water bath for 3.5 hours, then add polyethylene glycol while maintaining the water bath, stir and mix thoroughly, then add ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, stir and mix thoroughly, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a gel mixture;

[0038] B: The gel mixture and ethyl pyruvate were placed in a homogenizer and homogenized at 800 rpm for 15 minutes. After homogenization, the pH was adjusted to 9 and the mixture was transferred to a reactor and reacted at 60°C for 2.5 hours. Then, n-propylamine was added while maintaining the constant temperature and the reaction continued for 1.5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was placed in a granulator, granulated, and dried to produce gel particles with a particle size of approximately 0.5 cm.

[0039] C: Crush the straw to a particle size of about 0.5 cm, then add sawdust, humic acid, and perlite and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5 and the water content to 65%, then add gel particles and mix evenly to obtain a stabilizer.

[0040] Example 2: Preparation of stabilizer 2

[0041] 20kg straw, 10kg sawdust, 1kg humic acid, 5kg perlite, 3kg polyacrylamide, 1kg polyethylene glycol, 0.05kg ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.4kg n-propylamine, and 0.2kg ethyl pyruvate.

[0042] Preparation method:

[0043] A: Polyacrylamide was added to water to prepare a 20 wt% polyacrylamide solution, which was then heated in an 85°C water bath for 3 h. Polyethylene glycol was then added while stirring to mix thoroughly, followed by the addition of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, which was then stirred to mix thoroughly. The solution was then cooled to room temperature to obtain a gel mixture.

[0044] B: The gel mixture and ethyl pyruvate were placed in a homogenizer and homogenized at 700 rpm for 10 minutes. After homogenization, the pH was adjusted to 8.5, and the mixture was transferred to a reactor and reacted at 55°C for 2 hours. Then, n-propylamine was added while maintaining the constant temperature and the reaction continued for 1 hour. After the reaction, the mixture was placed in a granulator, granulated, and dried to produce gel particles with a particle size of approximately 0.5 cm.

[0045] C: Crush the straw to a particle size of about 0.5 cm, then add sawdust, humic acid, and perlite and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5 and the water content to 60%, then add gel particles and mix evenly to obtain a stabilizer.

[0046] Example 3: Preparation of stabilizer 3

[0047] 35kg straw, 15kg sawdust, 2kg humic acid, 8kg perlite, 5kg polyacrylamide, 3kg polyethylene glycol, 0.08kg ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.8kg n-propylamine, and 0.5kg ethyl pyruvate.

[0048] Preparation method:

[0049] A: Add polyacrylamide to water to prepare a 20 wt% polyacrylamide solution, heat in a 95°C water bath for 4 hours, then add polyethylene glycol while maintaining the water bath, stir and mix thoroughly, then add ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, stir and mix thoroughly, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a gel mixture;

[0050] B: The gel mixture and ethyl pyruvate were placed in a homogenizer and homogenized at 900 rpm for 20 minutes. After homogenization, the pH was adjusted to 9.5, and the mixture was transferred to a reactor and reacted at 65°C for 3 hours. Then, n-propylamine was added while maintaining the constant temperature and the reaction continued for 2 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was placed in a granulator, granulated, and dried to produce gel particles with a particle size of approximately 0.5 cm.

[0051] C: Crush the straw to a particle size of about 0.5 cm, then add sawdust, humic acid, and perlite and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 6 and the water content to 75%, then add gel particles and mix evenly to obtain a stabilizer.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of stabilizer

[0053] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that no n-propylamine is added during the preparation of the stabilizer in Comparative Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of stabilizer

[0055] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 2, ethyl pyruvate is not added during the preparation of the stabilizer.

[0056] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of stabilizer

[0057] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 3, the pH is adjusted to 7.5 in step B during the preparation of the stabilizer.

[0058] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of stabilizer

[0059] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 4, the pH is adjusted to 10 in step B during the preparation of the stabilizer.

[0060] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of stabilizer

[0061] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation of the stabilizer in Comparative Example 5, no polyacrylamide solution is added in Step A. The specific steps of Step A are as follows:

[0062] A: Take 16 kg of water and heat it in a 90°C water bath for 3.5 hours. Then, while maintaining the water bath heating condition, add polyethylene glycol and stir to mix evenly. Then, add ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and stir to mix evenly. Then, cool to room temperature to obtain polyethylene glycol gel.

[0063] The subsequent steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of stabilizer

[0065] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 5, the pH and water content are not adjusted in Step C during the preparation of the stabilizer.

[0066] Comparative Example 7: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 5, no straw and wood chips are added during the preparation of the stabilizer.

[0067] Example 4: Gastrodia elata field cultivation method

[0068] (1) Culture of fungus material: Select an oak wood with a diameter of about 10 cm, saw it to a length of 50 cm, cut three lines of fish scales on the skin around it to obtain an oak wood segment; dig a culture pit with a depth of about 65 cm and a width of about 65 cm, spread a layer of leaves about 1 cm thick on the bottom of the culture pit, and then place a layer of oak wood segments side by side, and place the third-level honey fungus species at the fish scales of the oak wood segments according to the amount of one bottle of species for every 30 oak wood segments, then fill the gaps between the oak wood segments with soil, and then place the second layer of oak wood segments and honey fungus species in sequence, repeat the operation to place 4 layers of oak wood segments, cover the top layer of oak wood segments with about 20 cm of soil, and finally cover it with a layer of leaves to keep warm and moisturize, and obtain fungus material after about 60 days;

[0069] (2) Seed selection: Select fresh and healthy primary tubers that are free of pests and diseases, without damage, normal in color, and fresh as seed hemp;

[0070] (3) Site selection and land preparation: Select slightly acidic sandy soil rich in humus, loose, well-ventilated, well-drained, and with a pH of about 6 as the cultivation site. Dig a planting hole about 30 cm deep and 60 cm wide in the cultivation site.

[0071] (4) Sowing: Spread about 2 cm thick of the stabilizer prepared in Example 1 at the bottom of the planting hole, then place the mushroom wood and the oak section at an interval of about 5 cm, place the seed hemp on both sides and both ends of the mushroom wood, 10 seed hemp per mushroom wood, 1 at each end, and 4 on each side, fill the gap between the mushroom wood and the oak section with sand, then cover with about 2 cm thick of the stabilizer prepared in Example 1, and then fill and compact the entire planting hole with sand, and then perform routine management and maintenance on the Gastrodia elata.

[0072] Example 5: Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0073] (1) Culture of fungus material: Select an oak wood with a diameter of 12 cm, saw it to a length of 50 cm, cut 4 rows of fish scales on the skin around it to obtain an oak wood segment; dig a culture pit with a depth of about 73 cm and a width of about 65 cm, spread a layer of leaves about 1 cm thick on the bottom of the culture pit, and then place a layer of oak wood segments side by side, and place the third-level honey fungus species at the fish scales of the oak wood segments according to the amount of one bottle of species for every 30 oak wood segments, then fill the gaps between the oak wood segments with soil, and then place the second layer of oak wood segments and honey fungus species in sequence, repeat the operation to place 4 layers of oak wood segments, cover the top layer of oak wood segments with about 20 cm of soil, and finally cover it with a layer of leaves to keep warm and moisturize, and obtain fungus material after about 60 days;

[0074] (2) Seed selection: Select fresh and healthy primary tubers that are free of pests and diseases, without damage, normal in color, as seed hemp;

[0075] (3) Site selection and land preparation: Select slightly acidic sandy soil rich in humus, loose, well-ventilated, well-drained, and with a pH of about 6 as the cultivation site. Dig a planting hole about 35 cm deep and 60 cm wide in the cultivation site.

[0076] (4) Sowing: Spread about 3 cm thick stabilizer prepared in Example 2 at the bottom of the planting hole, then place the mushroom wood and oak segments alternately at a spacing of about 5 cm, place the seed hemp on both sides and both ends of the mushroom wood, 8 seed hemp per mushroom wood, 1 at each end, and 3 on each side, fill the gap between the mushroom wood and the oak segment with sand, then cover with about 3 cm thick stabilizer prepared in Example 2, and then fill the entire planting hole with sand and compact it, and then perform routine management and maintenance on the Gastrodia elata.

[0077] Example 6: Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0078] (1) Culture of fungus material: Select an oak wood with a diameter of 15 cm, saw it to a length of 60 cm, cut 4 rows of fish scales on the skin around it to obtain an oak wood segment; dig a culture pit with a depth of about 72 cm and a width of about 75 cm, spread a layer of leaves about 1 cm thick on the bottom of the culture pit, and then place a layer of oak wood segments side by side, and place the third-level honey fungus species at the fish scales of the oak wood segments according to the amount of one bottle of species for every 30 oak wood segments, then fill the gaps between the oak wood segments with soil, and then place the second layer of oak wood segments and honey fungus species in turn, repeat the operation to place 3 layers of oak wood segments, cover the top layer of oak wood segments with about 20 cm of soil, and finally cover it with a layer of leaves to keep warm and moisturize, and obtain fungus material after about 60 days;

[0079] (2) Seed selection: Select fresh and healthy primary tubers that are free of pests and diseases, without damage, normal in color, as seed hemp;

[0080] (3) Site selection and land preparation: Select slightly acidic sandy soil rich in humus, loose, well-ventilated, well-drained, and with a pH of about 6 as the cultivation site. Dig a planting hole about 40 cm deep and 70 cm wide in the cultivation site.

[0081] (4) Sowing: Spread about 3 cm thick stabilizer prepared in Example 3 at the bottom of the planting hole, then place the mushroom wood and oak segments at intervals of about 7 cm, place the seed hemp on both sides and both ends of the mushroom wood, 10 seed hemp per mushroom wood, 1 at each end, and 4 on each side, fill the gap between the mushroom wood and the oak segment with sand, then cover with about 3 cm thick stabilizer prepared in Example 3, and then fill the entire planting hole with sand and compact it, and then perform routine management and maintenance on the Gastrodia elata.

[0082] Comparative Example 8: Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0083] In contrast to Example 4, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 8, the soil pH of the cultivation site during the cultivation of Gastrodia elata was 7.5.

[0084] Comparative Example 9: Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0085] In contrast to Example 4, the only difference is that the soil pH of the cultivation site during the cultivation of Gastrodia elata in Comparative Example 9 is 4.

[0086] Comparative Example 10: Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0087] In contrast to Example 4, the difference is that in Comparative Example 10, the Gastrodia elata was not covered with a stabilizer during cultivation, but was covered with leaves of the same thickness.

[0088] Experiment 1: Determination of phase transition temperature of gel particles

[0089] The phase transition temperatures of the gel particles prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were measured, and the obtained data are shown in Table 1:

[0090] Table 1

[0091]

[0092] According to the data analysis in Table 1, we can see that:

[0093] The phase transition temperature of the gel particles prepared in Example 1 is 26.8°C. When the ambient temperature rises in summer, they can undergo phase transition to absorb heat, reduce the temperature in the planting hole, and provide a good temperature environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata; in Comparative Example 1, no n-propylamine was added during the preparation of the gel particles, and in Comparative Example 2, no ethyl pyruvate was added during the preparation of the gel particles. The phase transition temperatures were both higher than 30°C. At this temperature, the growth of Gastrodia elata will be inhibited, resulting in a decrease in yield; in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the pH values ​​were 7.5 and 10, respectively, during the preparation of the gel particles, which affected the reaction between the raw materials during the preparation of the gel particles, and the phase transition temperature of the prepared gel particles increased slightly; in Comparative Example 5, no polyacrylamide was added during the preparation of the gel particles, and the phase transition temperature of the prepared gel particles increased significantly, indicating that the phase transition temperature of the gel particles prepared according to the method of the present invention is suitable for heat preservation during Gastrodia elata planting, and provides a better temperature environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0094] Experiment 2: Field cultivation experiment of Gastrodia elata

[0095] 1. The stabilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were used for a field cultivation experiment of Gastrodia elata. The experiment was conducted on March 5, 2022, in a farmland in Wulong District, Chongqing. After the fungus culture was completed, it was sown on May 10, 2022: a separate area was divided as an experimental area, and 11 small areas of 4m×4m were divided in the experimental area, corresponding to experimental group 1 and control groups 1-10, respectively. The stabilizer used in each group and the cultivation method are as follows:

[0096] 2. Stabilizer

[0097] Experimental group 1: using the stabilizer prepared in Example 1;

[0098] Control groups 1-7: using the stabilizers prepared in Comparative Examples 1-7 respectively;

[0099] Control groups 8-9: using the stabilizer prepared in Example 1;

[0100] Control group 10: leaves were used instead of stabilizer.

[0101] 3. Field cultivation method of Gastrodia elata

[0102] Experimental group 1: using the Gastrodia elata field cultivation method of Example 4;

[0103] Control groups 1-7: using the Gastrodia elata field cultivation method of Example 4;

[0104] Control groups 8-10: The Gastrodia elata field cultivation methods of comparative examples 8-10 were respectively adopted.

[0105] 4. Randomly select 3 planting holes in the experimental group 1, control group 1-5 and control group 10 planting areas respectively, insert a thermometer in the middle of the selected planting hole, the insertion depth of the thermometer is 20 cm, and record the ambient temperature and the temperature in the planting hole at 13:00 on July 1, 2, 3, 22, 23 and 24, and obtain the data as shown in Table 2.

[0106] 5. After the ginseng is harvested, the ginseng yield of each group is counted, and the data is shown in Table 3:

[0107] Table 2

[0108] July 1 July 2 July 3 July 22 July 23 July 24 Ambient temperature 34.0℃ 31.1℃ 32.2℃ 34.4℃ 33.3℃ 35.0℃ Experimental Group 1 28.3℃ 26.8℃ 26.6℃ 28.5℃ 27.5℃ 28.9℃ Control group 1 31.2℃ 28.7℃ 29.3℃ 31.4℃ 30.4℃ 31.8℃ Control group 2 30.6℃ 27.9℃ 28.7℃ 29.9℃ 29.7℃ 31.2℃ Control group 3 29.1℃ 26.9℃ 27.7℃ 29.3℃ 28.5℃ 29.9℃ Control group 4 29.2℃ 27.4℃ 27.6℃ 29.5℃ 28.6℃ 29.8℃ Control group 5 32.4℃ 29.6℃ 30.6℃ 32.7℃ 31.7℃ 33.2℃ Control group 10 30.7℃ 27.9℃ 28.9℃ 31.0℃ 30.0℃ 31.5℃

[0109] Table 3

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] According to the data analysis of Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that:

[0113] (1) The temperature in the planting hole of the experimental group 1, the control group 1-5 and the control group 10 is lower than the ambient temperature, among which the temperature in the planting hole of the experimental group 1 is relatively the lowest, which is more suitable for the growth of ginseng. The gel particles applied in the planting hole of the control group 1 are not added with n-propylamine during preparation, and the phase change temperature of the gel particles is relatively high. Although the gel particles can also absorb heat to reduce the temperature under high temperature conditions, the effect is poor, resulting in a decrease in the yield of ginseng;

[0114] (2) The stabilizer of the control group 2 is not added with ethyl pyruvate during preparation, and the heat absorption effect of the gel particles is poor. When the ambient temperature rises, the heat absorption reaction is not timely, the temperature in the planting hole decreases slowly, which affects the growth of ginseng and reduces the yield of ginseng;

[0115] (3) The pH in the preparation process of the gel particles of the control group 3 and the control group 4 affects the properties of the gel particles, resulting in a decrease in the effect of the gel particles and a poor heat preservation effect on ginseng, which reduces the yield of ginseng;

[0116] (4) The stabilizer of the control group 5 is not added with polyacrylamide in the gel particles, and the phase change temperature increases. When the environment is not higher than the phase change temperature, the temperature in the planting hole cannot be reduced, and the temperature in the planting hole is relatively low due to the decrease of the temperature in the soil relative to the ambient temperature. The yield of ginseng in the control group 5 is significantly reduced;

[0117] (5) In control group 6, the pH and water content were not adjusted in step C during the preparation of the stabilizer, resulting in poor stabilizer effect and reduced Gastrodia elata yield; in control group 7, straw and sawdust were not added during the preparation of the stabilizer, resulting in poor air permeability of the stabilizer, which affected the growth of Gastrodia elata and reduced yield;

[0118] (6) The pH of the soil in the cultivation site of control group 8 was alkaline, and the pH of the soil in the cultivation site of control group 9 was too acidic, which had an adverse effect on the growth of Gastrodia elata and reduced its yield;

[0119] (7) In the control group 10, the stabilizer was replaced with leaves during the cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Although it could also keep Gastrodia elata warm and reduce the temperature in the planting hole, the effect was relatively poor compared with that in the experimental group 1, and the yield of Gastrodia elata was reduced. This shows that the stabilizer prepared according to the method of the present invention and applied to the Gastrodia elata planting hole can provide a good environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata, promote the good growth of Gastrodia elata, and increase the yield of Gastrodia elata.

[0120] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalents shall be encompassed by the claims of the present invention. Any techniques, shapes, and structures not described in detail herein are well known.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata in the wild based on oak fungus, characterized in that: The method is as follows: (1) Cultivation of fungus materials: Select oak wood with a diameter of 5-16 cm, saw it to a length of 40-60 cm, cut 3-4 lines of fish scales on the skin around it to obtain oak wood segments; dig a culture pit with a depth of 40-85 cm and a width of 60-80 cm, spread a layer of leaves on the bottom of the culture pit, and then place a layer of oak wood segments side by side, place honey fungus species at the fish scales of the oak wood segments, and then fill the gaps between the oak wood segments with soil, and then place the second layer of oak wood segments and honey fungus species in sequence, repeat the operation to place 3-5 layers of oak wood segments, cover the top layer of oak wood segments with 15-20 cm of soil, and finally cover it with a layer of leaves for insulation, and obtain fungus materials after 50-70 days; (2) Seed selection: Select fresh and strong primary tubers as seed hemp; (3) Site selection and land preparation: Choose soil with good drainage as the cultivation site and dig planting holes in the cultivation site; (4) Sowing: Spread a 2-3 cm thick stabilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, then place the mushroom wood and oak segments alternately, place the seed hemp on both sides and both ends of the mushroom wood, fill the gap between the mushroom wood and the oak segment with soil, then cover with a 2-3 cm thick stabilizer, and then fill the entire planting hole with soil and compact it, and then carry out routine management and maintenance; The stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 1-2 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 1-3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.05-0.08 parts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.4-0.8 parts of n-propylamine, and 0.2-0.5 parts of ethyl pyruvate; The preparation method of the stabilizer is as follows: A: Add polyacrylamide to water to prepare a 20 wt% polyacrylamide solution, heat in a water bath at 85-95°C for 3-4 hours, then add polyethylene glycol while maintaining the water bath temperature, stir and mix thoroughly, then add ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, stir and mix thoroughly, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a gel mixture. B: Place the gel mixture and ethyl pyruvate into a homogenizer and homogenize at 700-900 rpm for 10-20 minutes. After homogenization, adjust the pH to 8.5-9.5 and transfer to a reactor to react at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours. Then, add n-propylamine while maintaining the constant temperature and continue the reaction for 1-2 hours. After the reaction is complete, place in a granulator, granulate, and dry to obtain gel particles. C: After crushing the straw, adding sawdust, humic acid, and perlite, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, adjusting the pH and water content of the mixture, and then adding gel particles and mixing uniformly to obtain a stabilizer.

2. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil of the cultivation site is slightly acidic sandy soil with a pH of 5.5-6.

5.

3. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the planting hole is 30-45 cm deep and 55-75 cm wide.

4. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step (4), the spacing between the mushroom material and the oak wood segments when they are placed alternately is 4-7 cm.

5. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (4), 8-10 seed hemps are placed on each mushroom material, 1 at each end, and 3-4 on each side.

6. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reaction temperature in the reactor in step B is 55-65°C.

7. The method for outdoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata based on oak fungus material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step C, the pH of the mixed material is adjusted to 5-6, and the water content is adjusted to 60-75%.

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