Similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of different dip angle strata

Abstract

The application discloses a similar model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of different dip angle strata, relates to the field of simulation test equipment, and comprises a similar material automatic distribution system, a telescopic blanking mechanism, a three-dimensional moving frame and a dynamic and static composite loading and compaction mechanism. The telescopic blanking mechanism comprises a telescopic power mechanism, a spiral blanking mechanism, a telescopic sleeve and a blocking pneumatic sleeve. The telescopic power mechanism and the spiral blanking mechanism are arranged on a blanking plate of a cross beam. The telescopic sleeve is arranged outside the spiral blanking mechanism and is drivingly connected with the telescopic power mechanism. The blocking pneumatic sleeve is arranged on the telescopic blanking mechanism. The four mechanisms are coupled and integrated to realize precise and efficient and mechanized production of a large-scale test model in the whole process of physical simulation test. A complete physical simulation test system is formed. Mechanized operation is realized in the whole process from similar material preparation, three-dimensional fixed-point conveying to three-dimensional reconstruction of a test model. The test precision and repeatability are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of simulation test equipment, specifically relating to a similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles. Background Technology

[0002] my country has become the country with the largest scale and greatest difficulty in underground engineering construction in the world. More and more underground projects face complex conditions such as deep high stress, water abundance, and gas content, making their instability mechanisms and safety control a research challenge and hot topic. Physical simulation similarity models are an important and effective scientific research tool for dealing with nonlinear failure or dynamic disasters in deep and complex underground engineering. Physical model tests are simulation experiments based on the principle of similarity, using scaled-down models to simulate engineering geological conditions and construction processes in the laboratory, taking into account the engineering rock mass and size effects. Physical model tests have the advantages of being vivid, intuitive, and realistic, and are widely valued and applied by the geotechnical engineering community both domestically and internationally. Physical simulation tests have the advantages of being convenient, fast, and repeatable. To obtain more accurate physical simulation test data, it is essential to maximize the similarity between the simulation test and the actual site.

[0003] Currently, similar material models are generally handmade, resulting in low precision and strength. The manufacturing process is complex and time-consuming, and it's impossible to quantitatively control various physical and mechanical parameters of the experimental model. This disadvantage is particularly pronounced for complex geological conditions and large-scale experimental models. In recent years, 3D printing technology has begun to be applied in the field of physical simulation similar model testing. Several physical simulation testing devices utilizing 3D printing technology have been developed, such as:

[0004] Chinese patent CN201810835969.9 discloses a similarity simulation sand mold 3D printing device. This device includes a printing nozzle, a material extrusion section, a lifting sand box, a compaction section, and a control section. Material from a hopper is fed through a conveying pipe, the printing nozzle, and the material extrusion section onto the lifting sand box. The compaction section compacts the model, and the entire process is controlled by the control section. This device offers high printing accuracy and can perform both 2D and 3D printing. However, this device can only perform simple mixing of similar material components and is not suitable for creating complex similar materials that strictly adhere to similarity criteria. During testing, the device slowly extrudes the similar material, resulting in low efficiency. It is not suitable for creating large-scale similar models or engineering-scale models, thus exhibiting certain limitations.

[0005] Chinese patent CN201510374179.1 discloses a 3D-printed physical similarity simulation model experimental platform and its application method. This platform includes a model-building mechanism, a 3D printing mechanism, a pressure excavation mechanism, and a monitoring mechanism. The model-building mechanism constructs a mold, the 3D printing mechanism lays the model, the pressure excavation mechanism conducts physical similarity simulation experiments, and the monitoring mechanism monitors and records the stress, strain, and failure of the model. Ultimately, through efficient coordination, it simulates the construction process under different geological conditions, especially complex geological structures, achieving the goal of accurately and efficiently constructing physical models of the required dimensions and geological conditions for visualization experiments. However, this experimental platform still requires manual weighing and preparation of similar materials, the entire experimental process still requires a large amount of manpower, and the complex mechanism makes it impossible to compact the experimental model, resulting in a lower strength of the produced model.

[0006] Chinese patent CN201510475636.6 discloses a similarity simulation experimental system and method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping technology. In this system, the material dispensing module is connected to the experimental module via a printing material laying module, and a control module connects to and controls the material dispensing module, printing material laying module, and experimental module. The control module forms a three-dimensional digital model for the similarity simulation experiment, adjusts the experimental module to a state suitable for printing the three-dimensional digital model, controls the material dispensing ratio of the material dispensing module via a solenoid valve, and controls the printing material laying module to perform three-dimensional material laying in the experimental module via a direction control mechanism and a reversing valve. However, this experimental system is more suitable for creating two-dimensional models, has low overall material delivery pipeline efficiency, is not suitable for creating large models, and cannot quickly compact the similar material after laying it.

[0007] The doctoral dissertation from Northeastern University, titled "Research and Application of 3D Printing Technology for Three-Dimensional Physical Models of Rock Mass," developed a test platform for 3D printing of sample-scale models and proposed a 3D printing method for sample-scale models. It achieved the 3D printing of physical models of various engineering and geological structures such as tunnels and faults. However, the applicable test model size is small and the model printing efficiency is low.

[0008] The doctoral dissertation from Wuhan University, titled "Study on Mechanical Properties of Layered Rock Mass Based on 3D Printing Technology and FDEM Numerical Simulation," proposes a method to improve the strength and brittleness of powder-bonded 3D printed specimens. It also uses 3D printing technology to simulate the size effect of tensile strength, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of layered rock materials, but this method is only applicable to specimen size.

[0009] In summary, existing intelligent modeling systems and methods for 3D reconstruction of strata with different dip angles have the following shortcomings:

[0010] (1) A complete mechanized testing system for the entire process has not been formed, and human intervention is required to a large extent to complete the model making;

[0011] (2) The applicable test model size is relatively small, and the models made are mostly specimen-sized;

[0012] (3) It is only suitable for paste-like materials with good fluidity, and the model making efficiency and accuracy are low;

[0013] (4) It can only be simply stacked into shape, the parameters are uncontrollable, and it cannot take into account the physical and mechanical parameters such as strength and density of the test model.

[0014] (5) It is not possible to make test models containing inclined rock layers, and its applicability is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In view of this, the present invention provides a similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles. The present invention forms a complete mechanized physical simulation test system, realizing the mechanized operation of the entire process from similar material preparation, three-dimensional fixed-point transportation to three-dimensional reconstruction of the test model, which greatly improves the test accuracy and repeatability.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a similar model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, comprising a three-dimensional moving frame, the three-dimensional moving frame comprising a main frame, three-dimensional moving guide rails and a three-dimensional power mechanism, the main frame comprising vertical beams and horizontal beams, the horizontal beams being provided in parallel arrangement, the horizontal beams being slidably mounted on the top of the front and rear reaction frames of the main body of the experimental platform, the vertical beams being installed between the two horizontal beams, the vertical beams being slidably mounted on the horizontal beams, the three-dimensional moving guide rails being respectively mounted on the front and rear reaction frames of the main body of the experimental platform, the vertical beams and the horizontal beams, for driving the movement of the vertical beams and the horizontal beams, and the three-dimensional power mechanism being used to provide the power to drive the movement of the vertical beams and the horizontal beams;

[0017] A telescopic feeding mechanism includes a telescopic power mechanism, a spiral feeding mechanism, a telescopic sleeve, and a blocking pneumatic clamp. The telescopic power mechanism and the spiral feeding mechanism are both mounted on a feeding plate. The feeding plate is slidably mounted on a crossbeam via a drive mechanism. The telescopic power mechanism is located on one side of the spiral feeding mechanism, which has a spiral structure inside. The telescopic sleeve is located on the outside of the spiral feeding mechanism and is drivenly connected to the telescopic power mechanism. The blocking pneumatic clamp is mounted on the telescopic feeding mechanism to quickly stop the downward conveying of material.

[0018] An automatic similar material delivery system, which is connected to a telescopic feeding mechanism, is used to realize the storage, weighing, preparation, transportation, water addition and stirring of each component of the test model similar material in the similar material production process;

[0019] A dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism is installed at the bottom end of the vertical beam to meet the compaction requirements of models at different positions and angles.

[0020] Furthermore, the three-dimensional moving guide rail is divided into an X-axis moving guide rail, a Y-axis moving guide rail, and a Z-axis moving guide rail. The X-axis moving guide rail is arranged on the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main frame of the experimental platform. It is a slotted guide rail, which allows the crossbeam to move along the X-axis moving guide rail direction. A buckle is set between the X-axis moving guide rail and the crossbeam to prevent misalignment and slippage. In order to realize the model end production, the X-axis moving guide rail is set to be longer than the model size, which facilitates material cutting and compaction at the model end. The Y-axis moving guide rail is set in the horizontal direction on the inner side of the two crossbeams. The other side of the guide rail is connected to the vertical beam, which allows the vertical beam to move in the horizontal direction. The Z-axis moving guide rail is set on the surface where the vertical beam intersects with the crossbeam, which allows the vertical beam to move in the vertical direction.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a flipping mechanism, which is set on the side of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform and hinged to both ends of the two X-axis moving guide rails. It is used to flip the X-axis moving guide rails so that after the model is laid, the X-axis moving guide rails can be flipped outward and downward from the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform to one side of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform, so as to make room for the installation of other loading top beams.

[0022] Furthermore, the dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism includes a static load mechanism, a dynamic load mechanism, an tilting mechanism, and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism is located at the bottom of the longitudinal beam, the static load mechanism is installed at the output end of the rotating mechanism, the tilting mechanism is located inside the static load mechanism, and the dynamic load mechanism is located at the bottom end of the static load mechanism.

[0023] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a rotary motor, a reducer, a turbine mechanism, and a rotating base. The rotary motor, reducer, and turbine mechanism are all installed at the bottom end of the vertical beam. The rotary motor and reducer drive the turbine mechanism to rotate. The rotating base is installed on the output shaft of the turbine mechanism, and the turbine mechanism drives the rotating base to rotate.

[0024] Furthermore, the static load mechanism includes a static load cylinder, an upper pressure plate, a guide rod, and a lower pressure plate. The base of the static load cylinder is bolted to the rotating base. The static load cylinder faces the model making space. The top of the static load cylinder is connected to the upper pressure plate through an inclined mechanism. The lower pressure plate is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressure plate. The two are connected by a guide rod. The guide rod passes through the bolt hole of the upper pressure plate and is movably connected relative to the upper pressure plate.

[0025] Furthermore, the dynamic load mechanism includes a vibration motor and a vibration spring. The vibration motor is arranged between the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate and is fixed to the lower pressure plate by bolts. The vibration spring is fitted on the guide rod, which can transmit the static load from the upper pressure plate and make the lower pressure plate vibrate under the drive of the vibration motor.

[0026] Furthermore, the tilting mechanism includes a tilting cylinder, a guide rod, a support, and a ball joint mechanism. The ball joint mechanism is arranged on the upper pressure plate. The output shaft of the static load cylinder is fixedly connected to the universal ball in the ball joint mechanism. Supports are arranged on both the rotating mechanism and the upper pressure plate. The tilting cylinder is arranged on one side of the static load cylinder. Both the upper and lower ends of the tilting cylinder are hinged to the support. The guide rod is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder for tilting guidance. Both the upper and lower ends of the guide rod are hinged to the support.

[0027] Furthermore, the contact surfaces of the support, the rotating base, and the upper pressure plate are all provided with rotary bearings, which are used to cooperate with the rotating mechanism to achieve overall rotation and to achieve different angles of tilting of the upper and lower pressure plates.

[0028] An experimental method for a similarity model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles includes the following steps:

[0029] S01. Mechanized and automated preparation of multi-component similar materials using an automated similar material preparation system;

[0030] S02. The prepared similar material is transported to the designated three-dimensional position by the telescopic feeding mechanism driven by the three-dimensional moving frame;

[0031] S03. Similar materials are compacted at fixed points using a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism;

[0032] S04. The material compaction process controls the strength, elastic modulus, and physical and mechanical parameters of the model by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the load;

[0033] S05. The compaction position of the dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism is controlled by a three-dimensional moving frame to adapt to the requirements of dynamic-static composite compaction of model materials at different positions;

[0034] S06. During the model laying process, the material is fed at different height positions by extending and retracting the telescopic feeding mechanism;

[0035] S07. Lay the model layer by layer until the model is completed.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] (1) By coupling and integrating the similar material automatic delivery system, telescopic feeding mechanism, three-dimensional moving frame and dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism, a complete full-process mechanized physical simulation test system is formed, realizing the full-process mechanized operation from similar material preparation, three-dimensional fixed-point delivery to three-dimensional reconstruction of test model, improving the previous dirty and messy phenomena in the model test process, and greatly improving the accuracy and repeatability of physical simulation test;

[0038] (2) By developing a high-rigidity, high-power three-dimensional moving frame, the three-dimensional reconstruction of large-scale test models was realized, extending the application of 3D printing technology to the quasi-engineering scale of large-scale physical simulation tests.

[0039] (3) By developing a mechanized telescopic feeding mechanism and a three-dimensional moving frame, efficient three-dimensional fixed-point conveying of powder materials commonly used in physical simulation experiments was achieved;

[0040] (4) By developing a three-dimensional moving frame and a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism, the efficient three-dimensional fixed-point reconstruction of the large-scale test model was achieved. The physical and mechanical parameters of the test model, such as strength, density, and elastic modulus, can be precisely controlled by adjusting the pressure, vibration amplitude, and frequency of the dynamic-static composite compaction mechanism.

[0041] (5) By developing a dynamic and static composite loading and compaction mechanism, the test model containing inclined rock strata was accurately manufactured, and the test model could be leveled during the model manufacturing process, which is suitable for simulation requirements of different geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a front view of the system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic feeding mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional moving frame structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a front view of the dynamic-static combined loading and compaction mechanism of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a side view of the dynamic and static combined loading and compaction mechanism of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1. Automated material delivery system; 2. Three-dimensional moving frame; 3. Telescopic unloading mechanism; 4. Dynamic and static composite loading and compaction mechanism; 2-1. Vertical beam; 2-2. Linear guide rail; 2-3. Z-axis moving guide rail; 2-4. Crossbeam; 2-5. Y-axis moving guide rail; 2-6. Unloading drive mechanism; 2-7. X-axis moving guide rail; 3-1. Blocking pneumatic ferrule; 3-2. Spiral unloading mechanism; 3-3. Telescopic sleeve; 3-4. Telescopic power mechanism; 4-1. Rotating base; 4-2. Support; 4-3. Guide rod; 4-4. Ball joint mechanism; 4-5. Vibration motor; 4-6. Rotary motor; 4-7. Reducer; 4-8. Static load cylinder; 4-9. Tilting cylinder; 4-10. Upper pressure plate; 4-11. Vibration spring; 4-12. Lower pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and "one side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The structure of the intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles proposed in this invention is as follows: Figures 1-2 As shown, the system mainly includes: an automatic similar material delivery system 1, a telescopic unloading mechanism 3, a three-dimensional moving frame 2, and a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4. The specific structure and function of each mechanism are as follows:

[0053] The automatic similar material delivery system 1 is connected to the telescopic feeding mechanism 3. The automatic similar material delivery system 1 is mainly used to realize the storage, weighing, preparation, conveying, water addition, and stirring of various components of the experimental model similar material. The entire process of automatic delivery of powder similar materials is completed in a completely closed environment, with no dust flying, effectively preventing dust pollution of the experimental environment and safety accidents such as dust explosions. The automatic similar material delivery system 1 has a matching control program, which can remotely control various parts of the system through a PLC human-machine interface. The touch screen control is simple, intuitive, and safe. Furthermore, it achieves full monitoring and detection during the experiment, effectively saving the data parameters of material metering, and automatic backup prevents data loss.

[0054] Telescopic feeding mechanism 3: During the model laying process, the upper surface of the model continues to rise. If similar materials are poured directly from the highest point of the model, the placement position cannot be accurately located, resulting in poor controllability of the placement process and greatly reducing the placement accuracy. Therefore, a telescopic feeding mechanism 3 connected to the automatic similar material delivery system was developed.

[0055] The specific structure of the telescopic feeding mechanism 3 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the telescopic feeding mechanism 3 consists of a spiral feeding mechanism 3-2, a telescopic sleeve 3-3, and a telescopic power mechanism 3-4. Both the telescopic power mechanism 3-4 and the spiral feeding mechanism 3-2 are mounted on a feeding plate, which is slidably mounted on a crossbeam via a feeding drive mechanism 2-6 and a linear guide rail 2-2. The lower part of the spiral feeding mechanism 3-2 is located inside the telescopic sleeve 3-3. Its main body is a spiral structure, powered by a servo motor and a reducer. It can achieve forward rotation for stirring materials and reverse rotation for downward conveying materials. A blocking pneumatic ferrule 3-1 is installed on the spiral structure. When the blocking pneumatic ferrule closes, the downward conveying of materials is quickly stopped, thereby quantitatively controlling the feeding amount and the feeding process. The spiral feeding structure 3-2 can adapt to powdery materials with poor flowability, improving the applicability of material conveying. Specifically, the telescopic sleeve 3-3 consists of three sleeve sections connected at the ends and capable of telescopic movement. Driven by the telescopic power mechanism 3-4, it can continuously and adaptively adjust the pouring position of similar materials as the model is laid, accurately positioning the laying position. The telescopic power mechanism 3-4 consists of a servo motor, a reducer, gears, and a chain. The servo motor and reducer are mounted on the material feeding plate. The servo motor drives the gear to rotate through the reducer. The gear meshes with a rack, which passes through the material feeding plate and is connected to the telescopic sleeve. The rotation of the servo motor and reducer controls the rotation of the gears and chain, thus providing power for the telescopic sleeve 3-3 to extend and retract. The entire extension and retraction process can be servo-controlled according to the model laying progress.

[0056] 3D moving frame 2, the specific structure of 3D moving frame 2 is as follows Figure 4As shown, the three-dimensional moving frame 2 is the main body of the intelligent forming system for similar models used for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles. A telescopic feeding mechanism 3 and a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4 can be arranged on it to achieve automatic control of material laying and vibration compaction, improving the efficiency and quality of similar material laying. The three-dimensional moving frame mainly includes the main frame (vertical beam 2-1 and horizontal beam 2-4), three-dimensional moving guide rails (Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3, Y-axis moving guide rail 2-5, X-axis moving guide rail 2-7), and a three-dimensional power mechanism.

[0057] The main frame consists of two horizontal beams 2-4 and two vertical beams 2-1. The two horizontal beams 2-4 are arranged in parallel and span the top of the front and rear reaction frames of the main experimental platform. One vertical beam 2-1 is installed between the two horizontal beams 2-4, and a dynamic and static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4 is installed at its bottom. The other vertical beam 2-1 is installed on one side of the horizontal beam 2-4, and various auxiliary mechanisms are installed at its bottom.

[0058] The three-dimensional moving guide rails include X-axis moving guide rail 2-7, Y-axis moving guide rail 2-5, and Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3. X-axis moving guide rail 2-7, a slotted guide rail, is arranged on the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main experimental platform frame, allowing the main frame to move along the X-axis moving guide rail direction. To facilitate model end fabrication, X-axis moving guide rail 2-7 is designed to extend beyond the model dimensions, facilitating material cutting and compaction at the model ends. Since the 3D intelligent construction similar material laying system is equipped with a vibration mechanism, a snap-fit ​​is installed between the main frame and X-axis moving guide rail 2-7 to maintain the stability of the three-dimensional moving frame and prevent misalignment or slippage. Both ends of the two X-axis moving guide rails 2-7 are equipped with a flipping mechanism, located on the side beams of the reaction frame. X-axis moving guide rail 2-7 can be flipped using this mechanism. After model laying is completed, X-axis moving guide rail 2-7 is flipped outwards and downwards from the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main experimental platform frame to one side, making room for the installation of the partitioned sliding automatic locking loading top beam. A Y-axis moving guide rail 2-5 is arranged horizontally on the inner side of the main frame crossbeam. The other side of the guide rail is connected to the vertical beam 2-1, allowing the vertical beam 2-1 to move horizontally. This guide rail is a linear lead screw guide rail 2-2. A Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3 is arranged vertically on the outer side of the vertical beam 2-1 where it intersects with the crossbeam 2-4. This guide rail is also a linear lead screw guide rail 2-2, and the other side of the guide rail is connected to the crossbeam 2-4, enabling the vertical beam 2-1 to move vertically.

[0059] The three-dimensional power mechanism includes an X-axis power mechanism, a Y-axis power mechanism, and a Z-axis power mechanism, and their installation positions are as follows: Figure 2As shown, power mechanisms are arranged on each of the three moving axes. Each moving mechanism consists of a servo motor, a reducer, and a matching control system. The motor's operation can be controlled by a computer servo controller, thereby controlling the movement of the main frame's horizontal beam 2-4 and vertical beam 2-1, accurately positioning the laying points, and realizing the three-dimensional laying of the model and the reconstruction of geological structures.

[0060] Dynamic and static combined loading compaction 4, the specific structure of dynamic and static combined loading compaction mechanism 4 is as follows Figures 5-6 As shown, the dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4 is integrally arranged at the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1 of the three-dimensional moving frame 2, and mainly includes a static load mechanism, a dynamic load mechanism, an tilting mechanism, and a rotation mechanism. It can compact similar materials by combining dynamic and static loads, making the strength of similar materials more uniform; it can adjust the dynamic and static load strengths to adapt to the laying requirements of similar materials with different strengths; and it can realize the rotation and tilting of the compaction mechanism to meet the laying needs of inclined coal and rock layers.

[0061] The static load mechanism mainly includes a static load cylinder 4-8, an upper pressure plate 4-10, a guide rod 4-3, and a lower pressure plate 4-12. The base of the static load cylinder 4-8 is bolted to the rotating base 4-1, and the static load cylinder 4-8 faces the model making space. The static load cylinder 4-8 is connected to the hydraulic loading system, and the top of the static load cylinder 4-8 is connected to the upper pressure plate 4-10 through a spherical structure 4-4, which can realize the inclined transmission of static load. The lower pressure plate 4-12 is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressure plate 4-10, and the two are connected by the guide rod 4-3. The guide rod 4-3 passes through the bolt hole of the upper pressure plate 4-10 and is movable relative to the upper pressure plate 4-10.

[0062] The dynamic load mechanism mainly includes a vibratory motor 4-5 and a vibratory spring 4-10. The vibratory motor 4-5 is positioned between the upper pressure plate 4-10 and the lower pressure plate 4-12, and is fixed to the lower pressure plate 4-12 with bolts. The vibratory motor 4-5 has a set of adjustable eccentric blocks installed at each end of its rotor shaft. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the shaft and eccentric blocks provides the excitation force, which compacts similar materials more evenly and efficiently. The vibratory spring 4-11 is fitted onto the guide rod 4-3, transmitting the static load from the upper pressure plate 4-10 and enabling the lower pressure plate 4-12 to vibrate within a certain range under the drive of the vibratory motor 4-5.

[0063] The tilting mechanism mainly includes a tilting cylinder 4-9, a guide rod 4-3, a support 4-2, and a ball joint mechanism 4-4. A tilting cylinder 4-9 is arranged on one side of the static load cylinder 4-8. The bottom of the tilting cylinder 4-9 is connected to the rotating base 4-1 via the support 4-2 and a pin, while the top of the tilting cylinder 4-9 is connected to the upper pressure plate 4-10 via the support 4-2 and a pin. A guide rod 4-3 is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder 4-8 for tilting guidance. During the experiment, the extension and retraction of the tilting cylinder 4-9 can drive the extension and retraction of the guide rod 4-3, thereby tilting the upper pressure plate 4-10 and the lower pressure plate 4-12 to a specified angle. The ball joint mechanism 4-4 can both connect the tilting structure into one unit and allow for tilting and rotation. To meet the requirements for automated laying of inclined coal and rock layers, the maximum inclination angle is 60°. Since only one tilting cylinder 4-9 and one guide rod 4-3 are set, the upper and lower pressure plates can only tilt in one direction. Therefore, the contact surfaces of the support 4-2, the rotating base 4-1, and the upper pressure plate 4-10 are all equipped with rotating bearings, which cooperate with the rotating mechanism to achieve overall rotation and realize the tilting of the upper pressure plate 4-10 and the lower pressure plate 4-12 at different angles, making the automated laying function of the inclined coal and rock model more adaptable.

[0064] The rotating mechanism mainly includes a rotary motor 4-6, a reducer 4-7, a turbine mechanism, a rotary bearing, and a rotating base 4-1. The rotary motor 4-6, reducer 4-7, and turbine mechanism are all installed at the bottom end of the vertical beam. The rotary motor and reducer 4-2 drive the turbine mechanism to rotate. The rotating base is installed on the output shaft of the turbine mechanism and rotates through the turbine mechanism and bearing. The ball joint mechanism 4-4 ensures the rotating mechanism's connection meets rotation requirements. The static load mechanism, dynamic load mechanism, and tilting mechanism are all connected to the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1 via the rotating base 4-1. Rotating the rotating base 4-1 allows the static load mechanism, dynamic load mechanism, and tilting mechanism to rotate as a whole. The rotating mechanism, in conjunction with the tilting mechanism, enables automated laying of coal and rock models with different tilt directions.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This embodiment discloses a supporting experimental method for a similar model intelligent forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, including the following steps:

[0067] S01. Mechanized and automated preparation of multi-component similar materials using an automated similar material preparation system 1;

[0068] S02. The prepared similar material is transported to the designated three-dimensional position by the telescopic feeding mechanism 3 driven by the three-dimensional moving frame 2;

[0069] S03. Similar materials are compacted at fixed points using a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4;

[0070] S04. The material compaction process controls the physical and mechanical parameters of the model, such as strength and elastic modulus, by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the load.

[0071] S05. The compaction position of the dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism 4 is controlled by the three-dimensional moving frame 2 to adapt to the requirements of dynamic-static composite compaction of model materials at different positions;

[0072] S06. As the model is laid out, the material is fed at different heights by extending and retracting the telescopic feeding mechanism 3;

[0073] S07. Lay the model layer by layer until the model is completed.

[0074] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, characterized in that, include: A three-dimensional moving frame includes a main frame, three-dimensional moving guide rails, and a three-dimensional power mechanism. The main frame includes vertical beams and horizontal beams. Two horizontal beams are provided and arranged in parallel. The horizontal beams are slidably mounted on the top of the front and rear reaction frames of the main experimental platform. The vertical beams are installed between the two horizontal beams and are slidably mounted on the horizontal beams. The three-dimensional moving guide rails are respectively provided on the front and rear reaction frames, vertical beams, and horizontal beams of the main experimental platform and are used to drive the movement of the vertical beams and horizontal beams. The three-dimensional power mechanism is used to provide the power to drive the movement of the vertical beams and horizontal beams. A telescopic feeding mechanism includes a telescopic power mechanism, a spiral feeding mechanism, a telescopic sleeve, and a blocking pneumatic clamp. The telescopic power mechanism and the spiral feeding mechanism are both mounted on a feeding plate. The feeding plate is slidably mounted on a crossbeam via a feeding drive mechanism. The telescopic power mechanism is located on one side of the spiral feeding mechanism, which has a spiral structure inside. The telescopic sleeve is located on the outside of the spiral feeding mechanism and is drivenly connected to the telescopic power mechanism. The blocking pneumatic clamp is mounted on the telescopic feeding mechanism to quickly stop the downward conveying of material. An automatic similar material delivery system, which is connected to a telescopic feeding mechanism, is used to realize the storage, weighing, preparation, transportation, water addition and stirring of each component of the test model similar material in the similar material production process; A dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism is installed at the bottom end of the vertical beam to meet the compaction requirements of the model at different positions and angles. The dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism includes a static load mechanism, a dynamic load mechanism, an inclined mechanism, and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism is located at the bottom of the longitudinal beam, the static load mechanism is installed at the output end of the rotating mechanism, the inclined mechanism is located inside the static load mechanism, and the dynamic load mechanism is located at the bottom end of the static load mechanism. The static load mechanism includes a static load cylinder, an upper pressure plate, a guide rod, and a lower pressure plate. The base of the static load cylinder is bolted to the rotating base. The static load cylinder faces the model making space. The top of the static load cylinder is connected to the upper pressure plate through an tilting mechanism. The lower pressure plate is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressure plate. The two are connected by a guide rod. The guide rod passes through the bolt hole of the upper pressure plate and is movably connected relative to the upper pressure plate. The dynamic load mechanism includes a vibration motor and a vibration spring. The vibration motor is arranged between the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate and is fixed to the lower pressure plate by bolts. The vibration spring is fitted on the guide rod and can transmit the static load from the upper pressure plate and make the lower pressure plate vibrate under the drive of the vibration motor. The tilting mechanism includes a tilting cylinder, a guide rod, a support, and a ball joint mechanism. The ball joint mechanism is arranged on the upper pressure plate. The output shaft of the static load cylinder is fixedly connected to the universal ball in the ball joint mechanism. Supports are arranged on both the rotating mechanism and the upper pressure plate. The tilting cylinder is arranged on one side of the static load cylinder. Both the upper and lower ends of the tilting cylinder are hinged to the support. The guide rod is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder for tilting guidance. Both the upper and lower ends of the guide rod are hinged to the support.

2. The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional moving guide rail is divided into an X-axis moving guide rail, a Y-axis moving guide rail, and a Z-axis moving guide rail. The X-axis moving guide rail is arranged on the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main frame of the experimental platform. It is a slotted guide rail, which allows the crossbeam to move along the X-axis moving guide rail. A buckle is set between the X-axis moving guide rail and the crossbeam to prevent misalignment and slippage. In order to realize the model end production, the X-axis moving guide rail is set to be longer than the model size, which facilitates material cutting and compaction at the model end. The Y-axis moving guide rail is set in the horizontal direction on the inner side of the two crossbeams. The other side of the Y-axis moving guide rail is connected to the vertical beam, which allows the vertical beam to move in the horizontal direction. The Z-axis moving guide rail is set on the surface where the vertical beam intersects with the crossbeam, which allows the vertical beam to move in the vertical direction.

3. The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a flipping mechanism, which is set on the side of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform and hinged to both ends of the two X-axis moving guide rails. The flipping mechanism is used to flip the X-axis moving guide rails from the top of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform to the side of the front and rear reaction beams of the main body of the experimental platform after the model is laid out, so as to make room for the installation of other loading top beams.

4. The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism includes a rotary motor, a reducer, a turbine mechanism, and a rotating base. The rotary motor, reducer, and turbine mechanism are all installed at the bottom end of the vertical beam. The rotary motor and reducer drive the turbine mechanism to rotate. The rotating base is installed on the output shaft of the turbine mechanism, and the turbine mechanism drives the rotating base to rotate.

5. The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Rotary bearings are arranged on the contact surfaces of the support, rotating base, and upper pressure plate to cooperate with the rotating mechanism to achieve overall rotation and to allow the upper and lower pressure plates to tilt at different angles.

6. An experimental method for a similar model intelligent forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, characterized in that, The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, as described in claim 1, includes the following experimental steps: S01. Mechanized and automated preparation of multi-component similar materials using an automated similar material preparation system; S02. The prepared similar material is transported to the designated three-dimensional position by the telescopic feeding mechanism driven by the three-dimensional moving frame; S03. Similar materials are compacted at fixed points using a dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism; S04. The material compaction process controls the strength, elastic modulus, and physical and mechanical parameters of the model by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the load; S05. The compaction position of the dynamic-static composite loading and compaction mechanism is controlled by a three-dimensional moving frame to adapt to the requirements of dynamic-static composite compaction of model materials at different positions; S06. During the model laying process, the material is fed at different height positions by extending and retracting the telescopic feeding mechanism; S07. Lay the model layer by layer until the model is completed.

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