Complex curved surface copying compliant wide line grinding and polishing mechanism and processing method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of grinding and polishing technology, and specifically discloses a complex curved surface conforming wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism and its processing method. It includes: a frame, and an abrasive belt bending module and an abrasive belt grinding and polishing module mounted on the frame. The abrasive belt bending module includes multiple parallel-arranged top rope units, each of which includes a top block and an abrasive belt conforming drive structure that drives the top block to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward, and rotational movements. The abrasive belt grinding and polishing module includes an abrasive belt sleeved on multiple top blocks and an abrasive belt drive structure. The abrasive belt is bent under the pushing force of the multiple top blocks to form a U-shaped section that conforms to the workpiece surface. Driven by the abrasive belt drive structure, it moves horizontally along the V-direction to perform conforming wide-row envelope grinding and polishing of the workpiece from line to surface. This invention simplifies the toolpath planning problem, better conforms to the surface modeling rules, and solves the problems of repeated material removal and difficulty in planning grinding toolpaths and process parameters in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grinding and polishing technology, and more specifically, relates to a complex curved surface conforming wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism and its processing method. Background Technology

[0002] Complex curved surface parts are widely used in various fields, including wind turbine blades, aircraft engine blades, and aerospace auxiliary material skins. These parts have complex shapes, severe bending and twisting, large machining areas, uneven material distribution, strict quality requirements, and are very difficult to manufacture. Their machining capabilities reflect a country's advanced manufacturing level. Grinding and polishing, as the final process in parts manufacturing, is crucial to the final part's contour accuracy and surface quality, directly affecting product quality and lifespan, making it a critical step in the manufacturing process. Currently, grinding and polishing complex curved surfaces in my country still relies primarily on manual labor, supplemented by a small number of specialized machines. This results in harsh working environments, low efficiency, and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy.

[0003] Currently, the industry is focusing on using robots for grinding and polishing, with research primarily focusing on wheel grinding and polishing and disc grinding and polishing. Both processing modes can be described as "point → line → surface processing," meaning that the end effector contacts the workpiece surface to form a point-like contact area, the point movement forms a line, and several lines form a surface. This achieves material removal from the entire surface.

[0004] This type of machining method suffers from low efficiency because the contact area between the end effector and the workpiece is small, requiring multiple toolpaths to cover the machined surface. Secondly, due to toolpath changes, there are areas of missed or repeated grinding between rows, often resulting in over- or under-grinding at cross-row points, leading to noticeable tool marks and significant surface waviness. Furthermore, because material removal is a cumulative process, progressing from points to lines and then to surfaces, it requires coordinated control of posture, force, and speed to achieve precise, point-by-point material removal, posing challenges for toolpath and process parameter planning. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a complex curved surface conforming and compliant wide-path grinding and polishing mechanism and method. Combining the characteristics of the complex curved surface itself and the features of its wide-path grinding and polishing process, a complex curved surface conforming and compliant wide-path grinding and polishing mechanism is designed accordingly. The structure and specific arrangement of its key components, such as the abrasive belt bending module and the abrasive belt grinding and polishing module, are studied and designed. Consequently, the abrasive belt can be pushed at different positions, from different angles, and with different magnitudes of force to form a controllable pressure field, adapting to different allowance distributions. Simultaneously, the processing path skips the "point" process, directly moving from line to surface, simplifying toolpath planning and better conforming to the surface modeling rules. This solves the problems of repeated material removal and difficulties in planning grinding toolpaths and process parameters in existing technologies, making it particularly suitable for high-precision, large-area, and complex curved surface grinding and polishing applications.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a complex curved surface conforming wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism is proposed, comprising: a frame and a belt bending module and a belt grinding and polishing module disposed on the frame, wherein,

[0007] The abrasive belt bending module includes multiple top rope units arranged in parallel. Each top rope unit includes a top block and an abrasive belt conforming drive structure that drives the top block to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward movements and rotation.

[0008] The belt polishing module includes a sanding belt sleeved on multiple top blocks and a sanding belt drive structure. The sanding belt is bent under the pushing force of the multiple top blocks to form a U-shaped section that fits the surface of the workpiece, and is driven by the sanding belt drive structure to perform conformal wide-line enveloping polishing on the workpiece from line to surface.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the abrasive belt conformal drive structure includes an r-direction drive assembly, an x-direction drive assembly, and an θ-direction rotation drive assembly, wherein the angle between the r-direction and the x-direction is θ.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the r-direction drive assembly includes a mounting plate and a telescopic cylinder. The mounting plate is connected to the θ-direction rotation drive assembly and rotates under the drive of the θ-direction rotation drive assembly. The telescopic cylinder is mounted on the mounting plate, and the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the top block.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the mounting plate includes a vertical plate and a horizontal plate arranged in an L-shape. The telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to the vertical plate by fasteners. The horizontal plate is arranged along the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder, and the end of the horizontal plate that is not connected to the vertical plate has a convex arc structure with a rotation hole.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the θ-direction rotation drive assembly is disposed on the x-direction drive assembly and performs reciprocating linear motion along the x-direction under the driving action of the x-direction drive assembly. The power output shaft of the θ-direction rotation drive assembly is connected to the r-direction drive assembly to drive the r-direction drive assembly to rotate.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the θ-direction rotation drive assembly includes a servo motor.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the x-direction driving assembly includes a guide rail, a slider disposed on the guide rail, and a slider driving member for driving the slider to move along the guide rail, wherein the guide rail is arranged along the x-direction.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the slider drive includes a wire fixing device fixed on the slider, a steel wire rope connected to the wire fixing device, a steel wire driver for driving the steel wire rope to move, and a guide wheel for tensioning the steel wire rope.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment, the slider drive includes at least two feed rollers, and the wire rope is arranged around the feed rollers such that at least one line segment parallel to the guide rail exists in the shape around which the wire rope is arranged.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment, three wire feeding wheels are provided, arranged in a V-shape, and the wire rope is wound sequentially around the wire driver, the three wire feeding wheels, and the wire guide wheel.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment, the inner side of the sanding belt is provided with a rubber rope for increasing the bending stiffness of the sanding belt.

[0019] Based on the above embodiments, a ball sleeve is provided on the contact surface between the top block and the sanding belt. The ball sleeve includes a ball body and a plurality of balls disposed on the ball body and rotatable relative to the ball body.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment, the abrasive belt polishing module also includes a rubber rope, which is attached parallel to or spirally wound with the abrasive belt to increase the bending stiffness of the abrasive belt.

[0021] Based on the above embodiments, a ball sleeve is provided on the contact surface between the top block and the sanding belt. The ball sleeve includes a ball body and a plurality of balls disposed on the ball body and rotatable relative to the ball body.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment, the abrasive belt has a rope-like structure, and the surface of the rope-like structure is uniformly provided with abrasive grains.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment, the sanding belt drive structure and the sanding belt conforming drive structure are respectively located on two opposite sides of the frame.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment, the sanding belt drive structure includes a drive wheel for driving the sanding belt, a tension wheel for providing a specified tension force to the sanding belt, and a plurality of driven wheels, wherein the sanding belt is wound around the drive wheel, the tension wheel, and the plurality of driven wheels.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment, the belt drive structure also includes a tensioning cylinder for driving the movement of the tensioning wheel.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, a processing method for conforming to a wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism for complex curved surfaces is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Divide the workpiece surface into curved sections to obtain the U-sections for grinding and polishing.

[0028] Step 2: According to the corresponding U-shaped line, control the sanding belt to follow the drive structure to drive multiple top blocks to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward movements and rotation, so that the sanding belt forms line contact with the workpiece surface;

[0029] Step 3: Drive the abrasive belt to rotate to perform grinding and polishing on the workpiece;

[0030] Step 4: The grinding and polishing mechanism moves relative to the workpiece in the v direction until it reaches the adjacent u-section;

[0031] Step 5: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to achieve conformal wide-area enveloping grinding and polishing of the workpiece from lines to surfaces until the grinding and polishing process is completed.

[0032] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention mainly possess the following technical advantages:

[0033] 1. This invention features multiple parallel-arranged top rope units. Each top rope unit includes a top block and a sanding belt conforming drive structure that drives the top block to reciprocate, advance, retreat, and rotate horizontally. During processing, the sanding belt bends under the pushing force of the multiple top blocks to form a U-shaped section that fits the workpiece surface. Driven by the horizontal movement structure in the V direction, the sanding belt performs conforming wide-envelope grinding and polishing from line to surface. The top blocks push the sanding belt at different positions, from different angles, and with different magnitudes of force, which can form a controllable pressure field to adapt to different allowance distributions. At the same time, it allows the processing path to skip the "point" process and go directly from line to surface, simplifying the toolpath planning problem and making it more in line with the surface modeling rules.

[0034] 2. This invention directly generates spline curves, skipping the "point" process, which simplifies the toolpath planning problem and is more in line with the rules of surface modeling.

[0035] 3. This invention allows for customized pressure fields, providing more flexible control. The top rope unit can push the sand belt from different positions, angles, and with varying forces to create a controllable pressure field, adapting to different margin distributions.

[0036] 4. The grinding and polishing removal amount of this invention is no longer the result of the convolution of "point → line → surface", making the removal model calculation simpler and the grinding parameters easier to plan.

[0037] 5. This invention offers high processing efficiency and smoother operation. The abrasive belt forms direct line contact, resulting in a large processing area. It eliminates the impact loads and accelerations caused by toolpath switching, making it particularly suitable for large-area processing. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a complex curved surface conforming and wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of a complex curved surface conforming and wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top rope unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positional structure of the top rope unit grinding and polishing process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a simplified structural diagram of the x-direction driving component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball bearing sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a structure in the prior art where the sanding belt has not been treated. Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure after the treatment of increasing the bending stiffness of the sand belt;

[0045] Figure 8 These are schematic diagrams illustrating several structures for special treatment of abrasive belts according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding and polishing process performed on the workpiece by the abrasive belt under the pushing of the top rope unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the u-section of the workpiece surface in the v direction according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 11This is a flowchart illustrating a processing method for a complex curved surface conforming to a wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-frame, 2-sand belt polishing module, 3-sand belt bending module, 4-workpiece, 21-sand belt, 22-drive wheel, 23-driven wheel, 24-tension wheel, 31-sand belt conformal drive structure, 32-top block, 33-ball sleeve, 311-x-direction drive assembly, 312-θ-direction rotation drive assembly, 313-x-direction drive assembly, 3111-telescopic cylinder, 3112-mounting plate, 3131-guide rail, 3132-slider, 3133-wire fixing device, 3134-wire rope, 3135-wire feed wheel, 3136-wire driver, 3137-grooving wheel, 331-ball body, 332-ball. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 10As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a complex curved surface conforming wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism, which provides a new "line to surface" grinding mode. It controls the bending of the abrasive belt to form a line contact with the surface to be processed, and through the movement of the U-section in the v direction, directly forms an envelope surface from the line in a grinding and polishing process. Specifically, it includes a frame and an abrasive belt bending module and an abrasive belt grinding and polishing module mounted on the frame. The abrasive belt bending module includes multiple parallel-arranged top rope units, each of which includes a top block and an abrasive belt conforming drive structure that drives the top block to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward, and rotational movements. The abrasive belt grinding and polishing module includes an abrasive belt sleeved on the multiple top blocks and an abrasive belt drive structure. The abrasive belt bends under the pushing force of the multiple top blocks to form a U-section that conforms to the workpiece surface, and under the drive of the v-direction movement structure, performs conforming wide-row envelope grinding and polishing on the workpiece from line to surface. In this invention, the abrasive belt bending module controls the abrasive belt to form a line contact (i.e., a U-section) with the workpiece surface. An additional device controls the movement in the V direction to form an envelope surface. Analogous to spline curves, control points are used to form curves, providing special treatment to the abrasive belt. N top rope units are used to achieve abrasive belt bending. The top rope units are programmable and controllable, bending the abrasive belt from different angles, positions, and with different forces, thereby ensuring the abrasive belt adheres to the workpiece surface and creates a controllable pressure distribution at different contact points in the cross-section. The abrasive belt bending module can form convex and concave curves, suitable for surfaces of various shapes.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the abrasive belt conformal drive structure includes an r-direction drive assembly 311, an x-direction drive assembly 313, and an θ-direction rotation drive assembly 312, wherein the angle between the r-direction and the x-direction is θ. That is, in the present invention, each top rope unit has three degrees of freedom: a translational degree of freedom in the x-direction, a rotational degree of freedom in the θ-direction, and a translational degree of freedom in the r-direction. The x-direction is parallel to the guide rail, and the angle between the r-direction and the x-direction is θ.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the r-direction drive assembly 311 includes a mounting plate 3112 and a telescopic cylinder 3111. The mounting plate 3112 is connected to the θ-direction rotation drive assembly 312 and rotates under the drive of the θ-direction rotation drive assembly 312. The telescopic cylinder 3111 is disposed on the mounting plate 3112, and the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder 3111 is connected to the top block 32.

[0054] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the mounting plate 3112 includes a vertical plate and a horizontal plate arranged in an L-shape. The telescopic cylinder 3111 is fixedly connected to the vertical plate by fasteners. The horizontal plate is arranged along the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder 3111, and the end of the horizontal plate not connected to the vertical plate is a convex arc structure with a rotating hole. More specifically, in this invention, the telescopic cylinder 3111 is arranged along the r-direction, and its cylinder part is set on the horizontal plate and fixedly connected to the vertical plate and the horizontal plate by fasteners. Its cylinder telescopic rod is arranged on the other side of the vertical plate, driving the top block 32 to move by telescopic movement. As an alternative embodiment of this invention, the telescopic cylinder 3111 can be replaced by a linear motor, that is, the r-direction drive assembly 311 includes a mounting plate and a linear motor, and the output shaft of the linear motor is connected to the top block 32, thereby precisely controlling the movement position of the top block 32 along the r-direction. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the center of the rotating hole provided on the convex arc structure coincides with the rotation axis of the horizontal plate.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of embodiments, in this invention, the θ-direction rotation drive component 312 is disposed on the x-direction drive component 313 and reciprocates linearly along the x-direction under the driving action of the x-direction drive component 313. The power output shaft of the θ-direction rotation drive component 312 is connected to the r-direction drive component 311 to drive the r-direction drive component 311 to rotate. More specifically, in this invention, the θ-direction rotation drive component 312 is disposed between the r-direction drive component 311 and the x-direction drive component 313, and is fixedly connected to the x-direction drive component 313 and rotatably connected to the r-direction drive component 311.

[0056] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of embodiments, in this invention, the θ-direction rotation drive assembly 312 includes a servo motor. In this invention, the θ-direction rotation drive assembly 312 also includes a servo motor housing. The top of the servo motor housing has a through hole coaxial with the rotation hole. The servo motor is fixedly mounted inside the servo motor housing. The power output shaft of the servo motor passes through the through hole and connects to the rotation hole on the horizontal plate, i.e., connects to the mounting plate, thereby driving the mounting plate to rotate. In this invention, the rotation drive device is not limited to a servo motor; other drive mechanisms capable of driving the mounting plate to rotate are also applicable to this invention, such as a rotary motor.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 5As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of embodiments, in this invention, the x-direction driving component 313 includes a guide rail 3131, a slider 3132 disposed on the guide rail 3131, and a slider driving member for driving the slider 3132 to move along the guide rail 3131, wherein the guide rail 3131 is arranged along the x-direction. In this way, by adjusting the pose of multiple top rope units arranged in the x-direction, pose control of the abrasive belt envelope shape and grinding / polishing force control are achieved. Furthermore, in this invention, each top rope unit is controlled independently in parallel, without interference.

[0058] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the slider drive includes a wire fixing device 3133 fixed on the slider 3132, a steel wire rope 3134 connected to the wire fixing device 3133, a steel wire driver 3136 for driving the steel wire rope 3134 to move, and a wire guide pulley 3137 for tensioning the steel wire rope 3134.

[0059] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the slider drive includes at least two wire feed wheels 3135, and the wire rope 3134 is arranged around the wire feed wheels 3135 such that at least one line segment of the wire rope 3134 passes parallel to the guide rail 3131 in the shape around which it is arranged.

[0060] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, three wire feeding wheels 3135 are provided, and the three wire feeding wheels 3135 are arranged in a V-shape. The wire rope 3134 is wound around the wire driver 3136, the three wire feeding wheels 3135 and the wire guide wheel 3137 in sequence.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the r-direction drive component 311 controls the r-direction degree of freedom, causing the abrasive belt to adhere to the workpiece surface with a predetermined pressure; the servo motor controls the rotational degree of freedom in the θ-direction; and the guide rail slider controls the translational degree of freedom in the x-direction. The slider is controlled by wire drive, thus placing the power source at the rear, resulting in a compact and small-sized front-end unit structure. More units can be set within a fixed width, leading to more flexible control. The slider is equipped with a wire-fixing mechanism; when the driver rotates, friction drives the steel wire rope to move, thereby moving the slider. The slider has a matching guide rail to limit its movement path.

[0062] In addition, such as Figure 7 As shown, due to the flat shape of the abrasive belt and its low bending stiffness, the radius of curvature is small under the same external force, which can create bumps that scratch the workpiece surface. Therefore, the abrasive belt is specially treated to increase its bending stiffness, making its shape change evenly and gradually during bending, and ensuring a smooth pressure field change when in contact with the workpiece, resulting in a more gentle grinding and polishing process. To increase stiffness, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the present invention can utilize any of the following processing methods:

[0063] 1. Attach the sanding belt flat to the rubber rope. During the sanding process, the rope and sanding belt move together.

[0064] 2. The abrasive belt is spirally wound around the bonded rubber rope. During the polishing process, the rope and the abrasive belt move together.

[0065] 3. Make your own rope-shaped abrasive to replace the sanding belt, and evenly adhere the abrasive grains to the rubber rope.

[0066] More specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or a combination of several embodiments, in this invention, the inner side of the sanding belt 21 is provided with a rubber rope for increasing the bending stiffness of the sanding belt 21.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, a ball sleeve 33 is provided on the contact surface between the top block 32 and the sanding belt 21. The ball sleeve 33 includes a ball body 331 and a plurality of balls 332 disposed on the ball body 331 and rotatable relative to the ball body 331.

[0068] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of embodiments, in this invention, the abrasive belt polishing module 2 further includes a rubber rope, which is spirally wound or parallelly pasted with the abrasive belt 21 to increase the bending stiffness of the abrasive belt 21. Based on the above embodiments, a ball bearing sleeve 33 is provided on the contact surface between the top block 32 and the abrasive belt 21. The ball bearing sleeve 33 includes a ball bearing body 331 and a plurality of balls 332 disposed on the ball bearing body 331 and rotatable relative to the ball bearing body 331.

[0069] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the abrasive belt 21 can be a rope-like structure, and the surface of the rope-like structure is uniformly provided with abrasive grains.

[0070] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the sanding belt drive structure and the sanding belt conforming drive structure 31 are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the frame 1.

[0071] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the sanding belt drive structure includes a drive wheel 22 for driving the sanding belt 21 to move, a tension wheel 24 for providing a specified tension force to the sanding belt 21, and a plurality of driven wheels 23, wherein the sanding belt 21 is wound around the drive wheel 22, the tension wheel 24 and the plurality of driven wheels 23.

[0072] Based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, in this invention, the belt abrasive drive structure further includes a tensioning cylinder for driving the tensioning wheel 24 to move.

[0073] like Figure 11As shown, based on any of the above embodiments or combinations of several embodiments, the present invention also provides a processing method for a complex curved surface conforming to a wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Divide the workpiece surface into curved sections to obtain the U-sections for grinding and polishing.

[0075] Step 2: According to the corresponding U-shaped line, control the sanding belt to follow the movement of the drive structure 31, so as to drive multiple top blocks 32 to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward movement and rotation, so that the sanding belt 21 forms line contact with the workpiece surface.

[0076] Step 3: Drive the abrasive belt 21 to rotate to perform grinding and polishing on the workpiece;

[0077] Step 4: Drive the grinding and polishing mechanism to move in the v direction relative to the workpiece, and move it to the adjacent u-section;

[0078] Step 5: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to achieve conformal wide-area enveloping grinding and polishing of the workpiece from lines to surfaces until the grinding and polishing process is completed.

[0079] In summary, the structure and method of this invention can push the abrasive belt at different positions, from different angles, and with different magnitudes of force to form a controllable pressure field, adapting to different allowance distributions. At the same time, it allows the machining path to skip the "point" process and go directly from line to surface, simplifying the toolpath planning problem and making it more in line with the surface modeling rules. This solves the problems of repeated material removal and difficulty in planning grinding toolpaths and process parameters in the prior art. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for applications of high-precision, large-area, and complex curved surface grinding and polishing.

[0080] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) and the belt bending module (3) and belt polishing module (2) mounted on the frame (1), wherein, The abrasive belt bending module (3) includes multiple top rope units arranged in parallel. Each top rope unit includes a top block (32) and an abrasive belt conforming drive structure (31) that drives the top block (32) to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward movements and rotation. The belt polishing module (2) includes a sanding belt (21) sleeved on multiple top blocks (32) and a sanding belt drive structure. The sanding belt (21) is bent under the pushing force of multiple top blocks (32) to form a U-shaped section that fits with the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is polished by the drive of the sanding belt drive structure in a conformal wide-line enveloping polishing manner from line to surface. The abrasive belt conformal drive structure includes an r-direction drive assembly (311), an x-direction drive assembly (313), and an θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312), wherein the angle between the r-direction and the x-direction is θ; The r-direction drive assembly (311) includes a mounting plate (3112) and a telescopic cylinder (3111). The mounting plate (3112) is connected to the θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312) and rotates under the drive of the θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312). The telescopic cylinder (3111) is mounted on the mounting plate (3112), and the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder (3111) is connected to the top block (32). The mounting plate (3112) includes a vertical plate and a horizontal plate arranged in an L-shape. The telescopic cylinder (3111) is fixedly connected to the vertical plate by fasteners. The horizontal plate is arranged along the power output shaft of the telescopic cylinder (3111). The end of the horizontal plate that is not connected to the vertical plate is a convex arc structure with a rotating hole. The processing method for the complex curved surface conforming to the wide-row grinding and polishing mechanism includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the workpiece surface into curved sections to obtain the U-sections for grinding and polishing. Step 2: According to the corresponding U-shaped line, control the sanding belt to follow the drive structure (31) to drive multiple top blocks (32) to perform horizontal reciprocating, forward and backward movement and rotation, so that the sanding belt (21) forms a line contact with the workpiece surface; Step 3: Drive the abrasive belt (21) to rotate to perform grinding and polishing on the workpiece; Step 4: The grinding and polishing mechanism moves relative to the workpiece in the v direction until it reaches the adjacent u-section; Step 5: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to achieve conformal wide-area enveloping grinding and polishing of the workpiece from lines to surfaces until the grinding and polishing process is completed.

2. The complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312) is mounted on the x-direction drive assembly (313) and reciprocates linearly along the x-direction under the driving action of the x-direction drive assembly (313). The power output shaft of the θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312) is connected to the r-direction drive assembly (311) to drive the r-direction drive assembly (311) to rotate.

3. The complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The θ-direction rotation drive assembly (312) includes a servo motor.

4. The complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The x-direction driving assembly (313) includes a guide rail (3131), a slider (3132) disposed on the guide rail (3131), and a slider driving member for driving the slider (3132) to move along the guide rail (3131), wherein the guide rail (3131) is arranged along the x-direction.

5. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slider drive includes a wire fixing device (3133) fixed on the slider (3132), a wire rope (3134) connected to the wire fixing device (3133), a wire driver (3136) for driving the wire rope (3134) to move, and a wire guide pulley (3137) for tensioning the wire rope (3134).

6. The complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slider drive includes at least two feed rollers (3135), and the wire rope (3134) is arranged around the feed rollers (3135) such that at least one line segment of the wire rope (3134) passes parallel to the guide rail (3131) in the shape around which it is arranged.

7. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are three wire feeding wheels (3135), which are arranged in a V-shape. The wire rope (3134) is wound around the wire driver (3136), the three wire feeding wheels (3135), and the wire guide wheel (3137) in sequence.

8. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The inner side of the sanding belt (21) is provided with a rubber rope for increasing the bending stiffness of the sanding belt (21).

9. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The contact surface between the top block (32) and the sand belt (21) is provided with a ball sleeve (33). The ball sleeve (33) includes a ball body (331) and a plurality of balls (332) disposed on the ball body (331) and rotatable relative to the ball body (331).

10. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The abrasive belt polishing module (2) also includes a rubber rope, which is attached parallel to or spirally wound with the abrasive belt (21) to increase the bending stiffness of the abrasive belt (21).

11. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that, The contact surface between the top block (32) and the sand belt (21) is provided with a ball sleeve (33). The ball sleeve (33) includes a ball body (331) and a plurality of balls (332) disposed on the ball body (331) and rotatable relative to the ball body (331).

12. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The abrasive belt (21) has a rope-like structure, and abrasive grains are uniformly distributed on the surface of the rope-like structure.

13. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The belt drive structure and the belt conformal drive structure (31) are respectively located on two opposite sides of the frame (1).

14. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sanding belt drive structure includes a drive wheel (22) for driving the sanding belt (21) to move, a tension wheel (24) for providing a specified tension force to the sanding belt (21), and a plurality of driven wheels (23), the sanding belt (21) being wound around the drive wheel (22), the tension wheel (24) and the plurality of driven wheels (23).

15. A complex curved surface conforming and wide-row polishing mechanism according to claim 14, characterized in that, The belt drive structure also includes a tensioning cylinder for driving the tensioning wheel (24) to move.

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