A production process for chiseled pottery filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of enamel production, and more specifically, to a process for producing low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled with a chiseled base. The process comprises the following steps: 1. producing an enamel base with a shading pattern; 2. applying a base layer of low-temperature enamel material; 3. producing golden, silver, and colored floral leaves filled with the enamel; 4. applying decals; and 5. applying a surface layer of low-temperature transparent enamel material. The present invention successfully restores the lost process of producing low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled with a chiseled base and incorporates numerous improvements, significantly reducing costs and making it more accessible to the public. This process showcases the vibrant, dazzling, and elusive beauty of chiseled enamel filled with a chiseled base. At the same time, at a relatively low cost, it embodies the advancement and highest level of my country's enamel production technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of enamel production, in particular to a production process of a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel. Background Art

[0002] Chiseled champlevé enamel, commonly known as Guangzhou transparent enamel, represents the highest level of enamel production during the Qing Dynasty. During this period, Guangzhou produced the most diverse and highest-quality enamels, including cloisonné enamel, painted enamel, chiseled enamel, transparent enamel, and colored enamel.

[0003] Chiseled champlevé enamel is a technique that combines transparent enamel and chiseled enamel, with gold, silver and colorful flower pieces added in between. Therefore, the people usually call this enamel Guangdong enamel or Guangzhou transparent enamel, and the academic name recognized by this technique in the enamel craft industry is chiseled champlevé enamel.

[0004] Enamel enamel is a vibrant and dazzling craft. Through the transparent glaze, you can see the carved patterns on the base of the enamel. You can also see the gold, silver, and colorful leaves and patterns on the leaves. In other words, through the transparent glaze, you can see the faint background pattern and the gold, silver, and colorful leaves. When you look through the light, it looks like a fleeting glimpse, making the object full of brilliance and beauty. Enamel enamel can be used to make vases, boxes, plates, bowls, furniture, clocks, cosmetic boxes, accessories, pendants, and other objects, as well as ornaments or inlays.

[0005] Chiseled champlevé enamel is divided into low-temperature soft transparent enamel and high-temperature hard transparent enamel. Both types of enamel are now rare in the market, and the production techniques for both have been lost. Only a few pieces of chiseled champlevé enamel were produced by the Qing imperial court, with the vast majority in the collection of the Palace Museum. Extensive research has shown that the Qing Dynasty's chiseled champlevé enamel craft was complex and involved numerous steps. Both the engraving of the base and the champlevé floral and leaf decorations were handmade, which was time-consuming, labor-intensive, and material-intensive, resulting in high costs.

[0006] In order to restore and continue the craft of champlevé enamel, to allow the public to appreciate the beauty of champlevé enamel, and to meet the enamel needs of high-end artistic watches produced by our factory, after a long period of research and development, we have successfully developed the soft transparent enamel production process and process for champlevé enamel. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for chiseling a base and filling it with low-temperature soft transparent enamel to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel comprises the following steps:

[0010] 1. Make an enamel base with a shading: Use a copper block, aluminum block or silver block to make the enamel base; first shape the copper block, aluminum block or silver block by hammering, rolling, turning or cutting, and then make a shading on its surface by hammering, knocking or machining;

[0011] 2. Lay the base color low-temperature enamel material: Select the desired colored low-temperature transparent enamel material and mix the low-temperature transparent enamel material with the curing agent in a ratio of 10:4. Use a small spoon and a knife to spread the prepared low-temperature transparent enamel material on the shading of the enamel base, with the highest point of the shading as the standard, and the thickness should reach 0.5mm. Leave it for 24 hours to harden, then bake in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour, remove it and cool it down, and set aside.

[0012] 3. Make golden, silver and colored flower leaves

[0013] 3A. Select a 0.1mm-0.2mm thick copper plate and electroplate it with gold, silver or nickel to make the surface golden or silvery white.

[0014] 3B. Apply gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil to the surface of the copper plate. Specifically, first use a brush or writing brush to apply paint to the surface of the copper plate to a thickness of 0.1mm. Then, place the gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil on top of the paint. Press it with a hard sponge or foam cotton, and then squeeze it again with a mechanical device. Leave it for 24 hours. After the enamel solidifies, glue the gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil firmly.

[0015] 3C. Making golden or silver flower leaves: Place the textured flower-shaped chisel on the copper plate with gold, silver, or aluminum foil (made in step 3B) and hammer it to create golden or silver flower leaves. Set aside.

[0016] 3D. Make colored petal leaves: First, glue the silver petal leaves made in step 3C to a 1mm-thick copper or stainless steel plate using gold foil glue. Use a toothpick to apply the desired color of low-temperature transparent enamel prepared in step 2 to a thickness of 0.5mm on the silver petal leaves. Allow to harden for 24 hours, then bake in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour. Remove and cool, then set aside.

[0017] 4. Decals

[0018] Apply golden and colored flower leaves to the enamel base surface covered with the base color low-temperature enamel in step 2. Specifically, first use a brush or writing brush to apply a layer of low-temperature transparent enamel prepared in step 2 to a thickness of 0.1 mm on the base surface. Then, use tweezers to pick up the required golden and colored flower leaves and gold silk thread according to the flower shape to be made and place them on the base enamel surface to arrange the flower shape. After the flower shape is arranged, let it stand for about 12 hours until it is semi-solidified.

[0019] 5. Cover the surface with low-temperature transparent enamel: Use a small spoon and a small knife to spread the low-temperature transparent enamel prepared in step 2 on the flower-shaped surface arranged in step 4; leave it for 24 hours. After the enamel solidifies, place it in an electric furnace or oven and bake for 1 hour. Take it out and cool it down. The production of low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled in the chiseled body is completed.

[0020] Preferably, in step 1, if a copper block is used to make the enamel base, in order to make the background pattern presented through the transparent enamel more lifelike and better show the background pattern and set off the flowers and leaves, it is necessary to make the background pattern surface bright white. Specifically, a layer of silver or nickel is electroplated on the surface of the copper base, or a layer of silver foil or aluminum foil is attached to the surface of the copper base.

[0021] Preferably, in step 2, step 3D, and step 5, the baking temperature is: 50° C.-70° C. in an electric furnace, or not higher than 80° C. in an oven.

[0022] Preferably, in step 3C, the flower shape of the flower leaf is replaced by computer plate making, specifically: first, a 3D concave image of the required flower leaf is made on a computer using mapping software, and the 3D concave images of various styles of flower shapes are arranged closely; then the image is output to a fine engraving machine, and a concave flower-shaped plate surface is engraved on a steel block by the fine engraving machine; after the engraving is completed, the steel block is quenched to increase the hardness; the copper plate with gold foil, silver foil or aluminum foil prepared in step 3B is placed on the steel surface with the concave flower shape, and the copper plate is covered with a plastic oil film; then a 2mm thick transparent hard rubber is placed on it, and the hard transparent rubber is evenly struck with a hammer, and the copper plate is observed to be broken through the transparent rubber; if it is not completely broken, it needs to be manually trimmed with a sharp knife.

[0023] Preferably, in step 3D, when applying the low-temperature transparent enamel material with a toothpick, the low-temperature transparent enamel material must be applied to the edge of the silver flower leaf, but must not flow out of the edge of the silver flower leaf.

[0024] Preferably, in step 5, when using a small spoon and a small knife to spread the low-temperature transparent enamel material, the covering thickness of the low-temperature transparent enamel material is determined according to the object, and the height of the cast object is consistent with the flower-shaped blocking line of the object; if the height of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves is higher than the blocking line, the contact height with the blocking line is consistent, but the higher part of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves is covered with a 0.2mm protrusion; if there is no blocking line on the edge of the object, it is generally an inlaid piece, which can cover the edge and can be spread to the edge, but do not let it flow out of the edge. If there is any low-temperature transparent enamel material flowing out, it can be cleared with a small knife after solidification.

[0025] Beneficial effects: After long-term research and development, the present invention successfully restored the lost production process of low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled with chiseled body, and made many improvements, which greatly reduced the cost and made it easier for the public to accept, thus showing the world the colorful, gorgeous and elusive beauty of chiseled enamel filled with chiseled body. At the same time, at a relatively low cost, it reflects the progress and highest level of my country's enamel production technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0027] Example:

[0028] The manufacturing process of the chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0029] 1. Make an enamel base with a shading: Use copper, aluminum or silver blocks to make the enamel base; first shape the copper, aluminum or silver blocks by hammering, rolling, turning and cutting, and then make a shading (such as fish scales, wavy patterns, ring patterns, floral patterns and other patterns) on its surface by hammering, knocking or machining; in order to make the shading presented through the transparent enamel more lifelike, better show the shading and set off the flowers and leaves, the shading surface needs to be made bright white; since silver and aluminum themselves are bright white, if silver or aluminum blocks are used as the base, there is no need to make another layer of bright white on the surface; if copper blocks are used to make the base, it is necessary to electroplate a layer of silver or nickel on the surface of the copper base, or add a layer of silver foil or aluminum foil on the surface of the copper base to make the shading surface bright white.

[0030] During the Qing Dynasty, the bottom tread pattern was formed manually by hammering a chisel with a hammer. The present invention improves the process by using a variety of machines, such as lathes, stamping, hydraulics, etc. to produce the bottom tread pattern, thereby greatly saving labor and reducing costs.

[0031] 2. Lay the base color low-temperature enamel material: Select the required colored low-temperature transparent enamel material, and mix the low-temperature transparent enamel material and curing agent in a ratio of 10:4; use a small spoon and a knife to spread the prepared low-temperature transparent enamel material on the background, with the highest point of the background as the standard, and the thickness should reach 0.5mm; leave it for 24 hours to harden, then bake in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour (baking temperature: electric furnace 50℃-70℃; oven not higher than 80℃), take out and cool, and set aside.

[0032] 3. Make golden, silver and colored flower leaves

[0033] 3A. Select a 0.1mm-0.2mm thick copper plate and electroplate it with gold, silver or nickel to make the surface golden or silvery white.

[0034] 3B. Apply gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil to the surface of the copper plate. Specifically, first use a brush or writing brush to apply paint to the surface of the copper plate to a thickness of 0.1mm. Then, place the gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil on top of the paint. Press it with a hard sponge or foam cotton, and then squeeze it again with a mechanical device. Leave it for 24 hours. After the enamel solidifies, glue the gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil firmly.

[0035] 3C. Make golden or silver flower leaves: Place the textured flower-shaped chisel on the copper plate with gold, silver, or aluminum foil (made in step 3B) and hammer it (place a 2mm thick, hard rubber sheet under the copper plate) to create golden or silver flower leaves. Set aside.

[0036] The flower shape of the golden or silver flower leaves is replaced by computer plate making, specifically: first, a 3D concave image of the required flower leaves is made on a computer using mapping software, and the 3D concave images of various styles of flower shapes are arranged closely; then the image is output to a fine engraving machine, and the fine engraving machine is used to engrave a concave flower-shaped plate surface on a steel block; after the engraving is completed, the steel block is quenched to increase the hardness; the copper plate with gold foil, silver foil or aluminum foil made in step 3B is placed on the steel surface with the concave flower shape, and the copper plate is covered with a plastic oil film; then 2mm thick transparent hard rubber is placed on it, and the hard transparent rubber is evenly struck with a hammer, and the broken shape of the struck copper plate is observed through the transparent rubber; if it is not completely broken, it needs to be manually trimmed with a sharp knife; the flower leaves produced in this way save labor and time, and greatly save costs and materials.

[0037] 3D. Make colored petal leaves: First, glue the silver petal leaves made in step 3C to a 1mm-thick copper or stainless steel plate with gold foil glue. Use a toothpick to apply the desired color of low-temperature transparent enamel prepared in step 2 to a thickness of 0.5mm on the silver petal leaves (when applying the low-temperature transparent enamel with a toothpick, make sure to apply it to the edge of the silver petal leaves without letting it flow out). Leave it for 24 hours to harden, then bake in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour (baking temperature: electric furnace 50℃-70℃; oven no higher than 80℃). Remove from heat, cool, and set aside.

[0038] 4. Decals

[0039] Apply golden and colored flower leaves to the enamel base surface covered with the base color low-temperature enamel in step 2. Specifically, first use a brush or writing brush to apply a layer of low-temperature transparent enamel prepared in step 2 to a thickness of 0.1 mm on the base surface. Then, use tweezers to pick up the required golden and colored flower leaves and gold silk thread according to the flower shape to be made and place them on the base enamel surface to arrange the flower shape. After the flower shape is arranged, let it stand for about 12 hours until it is semi-solidified.

[0040] 5. Apply low-temperature transparent enamel material to the surface: Use a small spoon and a small knife to apply the low-temperature transparent enamel material prepared in step 2 on the flower-shaped surface arranged in step 4. When applying the low-temperature transparent enamel material with a small spoon and a small knife, the covering thickness of the low-temperature transparent enamel material depends on the object, and the height of the casting object and the flower-shaped blocking line of the object can be consistent. If the height of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves is higher than the blocking line, the contact height with the blocking line should be consistent, but the part of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves that is higher than the blocking line should be covered with a 0.2mm protrusion. If there is no blocking line on the edge of the object, it is usually an inlaid piece, which can cover the edge and apply the enamel material to the edge, but do not let it flow out of the edge. If the low-temperature transparent enamel material flows out, it can be cleaned with a small knife after solidification.

[0041] After 24 hours of solidification, the enamel is placed in an electric furnace or oven and baked for 1 hour (baking temperature: electric furnace 50℃-70℃; oven not higher than 80℃), taken out and cooled, and the production of low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled in the chiseled body is completed.

[0042] The present invention successfully restores the lost process of making low-temperature soft transparent enamel with an engraved base and makes many improvements, which greatly reduces the cost and makes it more acceptable to the public, thus showing the world the colorful, dazzling and elusive beauty of the engraved enamel with an engraved base. At the same time, at a relatively low cost, it embodies the progress and highest level of my country's enamel making technology.

[0043] The basic principles, main features, and technical effects of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) Making an enamel base with a shading: Select a copper block, an aluminum block or a silver block to make an enamel base; first, shape the copper block, aluminum block or silver block by hammering, rolling, turning or cutting, and then make a shading on its surface by hammering, knocking or machining; (2) Laying the bottom color low-temperature enamel material: Select the desired colored low-temperature transparent enamel material and mix the low-temperature transparent enamel material with the curing agent in a ratio of 10:4; Use a small spoon and a small knife to spread the prepared low-temperature transparent enamel material on the bottom pattern of the enamel base, with the highest point of the bottom pattern as the standard, and the thickness should reach 0.5mm; Leave it for 24 hours to harden, then bake it in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour, take it out and cool it for later use; (3) Make golden, silver and colored flower leaves (3A) Select a 0.1mm-0.2mm thick copper plate and electroplate it with gold, silver or nickel to make the surface golden or silvery white; (3B) Apply gold, silver, or aluminum foil to the copper plate. Specifically, apply enamel to the copper plate with a brush to a thickness of 0.1 mm. Then, apply gold, silver, or aluminum foil over the enamel. Press with a hard sponge or foam, then squeeze with a mechanical device. Leave for 24 hours until the enamel solidifies, then adhere the gold, silver, or aluminum foil firmly. (3C) Making golden or silver flower leaves: Place a flower-shaped chisel with a texture on the copper plate with gold foil, silver foil, or aluminum foil prepared in step (3B), and hit it with a hammer to make golden or silver flower leaves, which are set aside; (3D) Making colored flower leaves: First, glue the silver flower leaves made in step (3C) to a 1 mm thick copper plate or stainless steel plate with gold foil glue; use a toothpick to apply the low-temperature transparent enamel material of the desired color prepared in step (2) to the silver flower leaves to a thickness of 0.5 mm; let it stand for 24 hours to harden, then bake it in an electric furnace or oven for 1 hour, take it out and cool it for later use; (4) Decals The golden flower leaves and colored flower leaves are applied to the enamel base surface covered with the bottom color low-temperature enamel material in step (2). Specifically, first, a layer of the low-temperature transparent enamel material prepared in step (2) is applied to the enamel base surface with a brush or writing brush to a thickness of 0.1 mm; according to the flower shape to be made, the required golden flower leaves, colored flower leaves and golden silk thread are picked up with tweezers and placed on the bottom enamel surface to arrange the flower shape; after the flower shape is arranged, it is left to stand for about 12 hours until it is semi-solidified; (5) Laying the surface with low-temperature transparent enamel material: Use a small spoon and a small knife to spread the low-temperature transparent enamel material prepared in step (2) on the flower-shaped surface arranged in step (4); leave it for 24 hours. After the enamel material solidifies, place it in an electric furnace or oven and bake it for 1 hour. Take it out and cool it down. This completes the production of the low-temperature soft transparent enamel filled in the chiseled body.

2. The process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), if a copper block is used to make the enamel base, in order to make the background pattern presented through the transparent enamel more lifelike and better show the background pattern and set off the flowers and leaves, it is necessary to make the background pattern surface bright white. Specifically, a layer of silver or nickel is electroplated on the surface of the copper base, or a layer of silver foil or aluminum foil is attached to the surface of the copper base.

3. The process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), step (3D), and step (5), the baking temperature is: 50°C-70°C in an electric furnace, or not higher than 80°C in an oven.

4. The process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3C), the flower shape of the flower leaf is replaced by computer plate making. Specifically, first, a 3D concave image of the required flower leaf is made on a computer using mapping software, and the 3D concave images of various styles of flower shapes are arranged closely; then the image is output to a fine engraving machine, and the fine engraving machine is used to engrave a concave flower-shaped plate surface on a steel block; after the engraving is completed, the steel block is quenched to increase the hardness; the copper plate with gold foil, silver foil or aluminum foil made in step (3B) is placed on the steel surface with the concave flower shape, and the copper plate is covered with a plastic oil film; then a 2mm thick transparent hard rubber is placed on it, and the hard transparent rubber is evenly struck with a hammer, and the copper plate is observed to be broken through the transparent rubber; if it is not completely broken, it needs to be manually trimmed with a sharp knife.

5. The process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3D), when applying the low-temperature transparent enamel with a toothpick, the low-temperature transparent enamel must be applied to the edge of the silver flower leaves, but not flowing out of the edge of the silver flower leaves.

6. The process for producing a chiseled base filled with low-temperature soft transparent enamel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), when using a small spoon and a small knife to spread the low-temperature transparent enamel material, the covering thickness of the low-temperature transparent enamel material is determined according to the object, and the height of the cast object and the object flower-shaped blocking line is consistent; if the height of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves is higher than the blocking line, the contact height with the blocking line is consistent, but the higher part of the golden flower leaves and the colored flower leaves is covered with a 0.2mm protrusion; if there is no blocking line on the edge of the object, it is generally an inlaid piece, which can cover the edge and can be spread to the edge, but do not let it flow out of the edge. If there is any low-temperature transparent enamel material flowing out, it can be cleared with a small knife after solidification.