A floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation and tower installation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation and an installation method for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation, the floating dock comprises a floating body, a first horizontal slide rail, a slide plate, and a wave compensation platform; the floating body is provided with a placement area for components to be hoisted and an operation area for hoisting construction, and the operation area is provided with a deep pit area; the first horizontal slide rail is arranged on the surface of the floating body, one end of which extends to the placement area and the other end extends to the deep pit area, and is used to transfer the components to be hoisted from the placement area to the operation area; the wave compensation platform can be lifted and installed in the deep pit area of ​​the operation area, the wave compensation platform comprises a supporting plate, a lifting compensation mechanism for driving the supporting plate to be lifted and lowered smoothly, the supporting plate is provided with a second horizontal slide rail connected and slidably connected with the first horizontal slide rail, and the slide plate slides between the first and second horizontal slide rails. The present invention can reduce the difficulty of alignment of the tower and other components by reducing the center of gravity position of the tower during the installation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of marine engineering, and in particular to a floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of a tower installation and a tower installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of offshore resources and the limitations of geographical and environmental conditions in offshore waters, the trend of offshore wind power has shifted to deep-sea development. Pile foundations and other wind turbine foundations that are more commonly used in shallow waters cannot meet the requirements of deep-sea development. The development from fixed foundations to floating foundations has also become a new development trend.

[0003] There are generally two ways to deploy wind turbine foundations in deep sea areas. One is towing the whole machine. The floating wind turbine foundation is assembled at the shore dock and then deployed to the designated operating sea area by transport ships. However, this deployment method has high towing costs and is prone to tipping accidents during towing and transportation, resulting in large economic losses. The other is to assemble and deploy at sea. The floating wind turbine foundation is divided into multiple modules, transported to the designated deployment sea area by transport ships, and the modules are spliced ​​and deployed at sea by the crane of the operating ship. Since there are few coastal docks that meet the construction conditions for floating wind turbine foundations, it is more common to use offshore assembly and deployment.

[0004] However, the existing offshore assembly and deployment methods still have the following defects:

[0005] (1) Most of the existing offshore assembly docks are pile-leg installation docks or ballast installation docks. The installation dock needs to provide a placement area for the components to be hoisted and an operation area for the hoisting construction. The reasonable arrangement of the locations between the various areas places many design requirements on the installation dock. The size of the installation dock is usually very large and the cost is high.

[0006] (2) The existing tower installation usually uses lifting equipment to lift the entire tower to keep it in an upright state, and then install it on the wind turbine nacelle or wind turbine foundation platform. Due to the high height of the tower, its center of gravity is high, which increases the difficulty of aligning the tower with other components when assembling other components in the later stage. In addition, the tower has a high center of gravity and is more susceptible to the risk of tilting or flipping due to the influence of sea breeze and waves during the tower installation and lifting process. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation.

[0008] A second object of the present invention is to provide an installation method for lowering the center of gravity of the tower installation.

[0009] One of the purposes of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: A floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of a tower installation, comprising a floating dock body, a first horizontal slide rail, a slide plate, and a wave compensation platform; the floating dock body is provided with a placement area for components to be hoisted and an operation area for hoisting construction, and the operation area is provided with a deep pit area;

[0010] The first horizontal slide rail is arranged on the surface of the floating vessel body, one end of which extends toward the placement area, and the other end of which extends toward the deep pit area, and is used to transfer the components to be hoisted from the placement area to the operation area;

[0011] The wave compensation platform can be lifted and lowered in the deep pit area of ​​the working area. The wave compensation platform includes a supporting plate and a lifting and lowering compensation mechanism that drives the supporting plate to be lifted and lowered smoothly. The supporting plate is provided with a second horizontal slide rail that is connected and slidably connected to the first horizontal slide rail, and the slide plate slides between the first horizontal slide rail and the second horizontal slide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, a positioning card seat is provided on the slide plate, and an axis alignment sensor for capturing the central axis position of the wind turbine tower is provided at the center position of the positioning card seat.

[0013] Furthermore, the slide plate is provided with a high-position pile gripper, which includes an abutment ring, a clamping arm, and a pile gripping cylinder; the abutment ring is fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping arm, and the other end of the clamping arm is movably pivoted to the slide plate, one end of the pile gripping cylinder is pivoted to the slide plate, and the other end of the pile gripping cylinder is pivoted to the middle position of the clamping arm, and a triangular area is enclosed by the clamping arm, the pile gripping cylinder, and the slide plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the support plate is provided with a braking mechanism for stopping the skateboard; the braking mechanism includes a clamp for stopping the pulley at the bottom of the skateboard and a driving cylinder for driving the clamp to extend or retract; the clamp includes a clamp body, grippers movably arranged on both sides of the clamp body, a driving structure installed in the clamp body for driving the grippers on both sides to open or tighten, and a pulley fixed at the bottom of the clamp body.

[0015] Further, the lifting compensation mechanism includes a side lifting compensation mechanism, and the side lifting compensation mechanism includes a lifting plate, a lifting slide rail, and a side wall cylinder; there are two lifting plates, which are respectively arranged on the opposite side walls in the deep pit area, and the lifting slide rail is arranged on the side wall in a vertical direction, and the two lifting plates slide on the lifting slide rail along the length direction of the lifting slide rail; there are four side wall cylinders, and the four side wall cylinders are symmetrically arranged below the supporting plate, and one end of each side wall cylinder is pivoted to the lifting plate, and the other end is pivoted to the bottom of the supporting plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a sliding groove arranged along the vertical direction is also provided on the inner side wall of the deep pit area, and pulley groups are provided at both ends of the lifting plate. The two ends of the lifting plate are movably installed in the sliding groove through the pulley groups and slide along the vertical direction thereof.

[0017] Furthermore, the side lifting compensation mechanism also includes a guide sliding block and an upright rack; the guide sliding block includes a guide block, a climbing gear pivotally connected to the guide block, and a lifting motor connected to the climbing gear; a reduction assembly is connected between the lifting motor and the climbing gear; the upright rack is vertically arranged in the deep pit area, the climbing gear is meshed with the teeth of the upright rack, the lifting slide rail is a hollow slide groove, and the guide sliding block is fixedly connected to the lifting plate after passing through the slide groove; the climbing gear is driven to rotate by the lifting motor, driving the climbing gear to perform lifting and lowering movements on the upright rack, so that the guide sliding block and the lifting plate slide in the lifting slide rail along the length direction of the slide groove.

[0018] Furthermore, the lifting compensation mechanism also includes a bottom lifting compensation mechanism, and the bottom lifting compensation mechanism includes a bottom oil cylinder. A bottom slide rail is provided at the bottom of the deep pit area, one end of the bottom oil cylinder slides along the length direction of the bottom slide rail, and the other end is pivotally connected to the bottom of the support plate.

[0019] Furthermore, a transport rack for placing the components to be hoisted and a rotating table for rotating the transport rack are provided on the placement area; the rotating table is arranged at the bottom of the transport rack; and a crane is provided on the operation area.

[0020] The second object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: an installation method for lowering the center of gravity of the tower installation, the installation method uses the floating dock as described above to complete the installation of a split tower or the installation of the tower, the nacelle, and the impeller, and the specific installation method includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) The tower is fixedly placed on a transport frame, and a crane lifts the transport frame loaded with the tower to the placement area of ​​the floating vessel body;

[0022] (2) The floating vessel transports the tower to the designated deployment sea area, releases the fixing of the tower by the transport frame, and starts the crane on the floating vessel to flip the horizontally placed tower to a vertical state;

[0023] (3) The slide plate is first started to move along the first horizontal slide rail on the surface of the floating vessel body toward the transport rack on the placement area, and the tower is hoisted onto the slide plate by a crane and fixed on the slide plate;

[0024] (4) The slide plate carrying the tower moves along the deep pit area of ​​the operation area, and a positioning sensor for identifying the distance between the support plate and the deck on the surface of the floating vessel body is provided on the support plate. The lifting compensation mechanism in the deep pit area drives the support plate to approach the deck, so that the support plate rises to the same horizontal plane position as the deck, and adjusts the distance between the support plate and the edge of the deep pit opening in the horizontal plane, so that the support plate abuts against the deck at the edge of the deep pit opening, and the second horizontal slide rail on the support plate is aligned with the first horizontal slide rail on the deck;

[0025] (5) The slide plate slides to the support plate along the first horizontal slide rail and the second horizontal rail in sequence, and the lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate to descend into the deep pit area and return to the center, thereby driving the tower to sink into the deep pit area, and the upper part of the tower protrudes from the opening of the deep pit area;

[0026] (6) The segmented tower or nacelle and impeller located at the upper part are hoisted to the top of the deep pit area by a crane, and the crane is used to complete the vertical splicing with the tower in the deep pit area;

[0027] (7) The lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate to continue to sink, so that the height of the tower protruding above the sea level is reduced. The tower or nacelle is assembled section by section until the foundation of the wind turbine is completed, and then it is lifted out by a crane and launched into the sea.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The present invention provides a space for lowering the center of gravity of the tower by opening a deep pit area on the floating dock, and designs a slide plate for receiving, transporting and fixing the tower, and a wave compensation platform for lowering the center of gravity of the tower and keeping the tower position stable and free from the influence of sea wind or waves; when the tower is installed, the tower is transferred from the placement area to the operation area by the slide plate, and after installing a tower, the tower is moved down by the wave compensation platform, which can reduce the center of gravity of the tower during the installation process, reduce the difficulty of aligning the tower with other components, reduce the influence of offshore wind on the subsequent assembly of the tower, and improve the installation efficiency and accuracy. In addition, the floating dock structure of the present invention is light and the cost is relatively low.

[0030] (2) The lifting compensation mechanism of the present application located in the deep pit area can adjust the support plate in the deep hole in multiple directions such as the horizontal direction and the front-back direction by changing the telescopic length of the side wall cylinder and the bottom cylinder to maintain a stable installation environment for the support plate in the deep pit area. This can not only solve the problem of connecting the support plate and the upper deck of the floating vessel body at the same horizontal position during the tower transportation process, but also solve the problem of precise alignment installation between towers or between towers and nacelles and blades during the installation process.

[0031] (3) In the present invention, by designing a positioning card holder and an axis alignment sensor, the axis alignment sensor captures the central axis of the wind turbine tower, completes the alignment process of the tower and the positioning card holder, improves the precision of the tower being plugged into the positioning card holder, and avoids the wind turbine tower from tilting or flipping during the wave compensation process.

[0032] (4) In the present invention, four abutment rings and corresponding clamping arms are symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the positioning base. The longer the clamping arms are, the higher the position of the pile is. The pile grippers symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the tower can symmetrically climb on the outer wall of the tower at a high position, further reducing the risk of accidental construction and accidents such as the tower tipping over.

[0033] (5) By designing a braking mechanism, the slide plate can be fixed and limited at the center position of the load-bearing plate, providing a stable installation state for the subsequent installation process.

[0034] (6) The present invention can effectively improve the lifting stability and sliding smoothness of the lifting plate by designing a structure in which the pulley block and the sliding groove cooperate.

[0035] (7) The lifting compensation mechanism can realize the stable lifting function of the lifting compensation mechanism by designing the meshing transmission relationship between the guide sliding block and the upright rack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a floating dock according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point a in the middle;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a wave compensation platform according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a floating dock according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of the lifting compensation mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a local structure of a lifting compensation mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the braking mechanism, the supporting plate and the sliding plate in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The enlarged schematic diagram of point b in the middle;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the braking mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 This is a disassembled schematic diagram of a brake mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] In the figure: 100, floating dock; 1, floating body; 11, sliding groove; 2, first horizontal slide rail; 3, slide plate; 4, wave compensation platform; 41, supporting plate; 411, second horizontal slide rail; 412, sliding groove; 42, lifting compensation mechanism; 421, side lifting compensation mechanism; 4211, lifting plate; 4212, lifting slide rail; 4213, side wall cylinder; 4214, pulley block; 4215, guide sliding block; 42151, guide block; 42152, climbing gear; 42153, lifting motor; 42154, speed reduction assembly; 4216, upright rack; 422, bottom lifting Compensation mechanism; 4221, bottom cylinder; 4222, bottom slide rail; 5, positioning seat; 6, high-position pile gripper; 61, abutment ring; 62, clamping arm; 63, pile gripping cylinder; 7, braking mechanism; 71, clamp; 711, front clamp body; 712, rear clamp body; 713, gripper; 714, driving structure; 7141, rack; 7142, gear; 7143, sprocket assembly; 715, pulley; 716, first spring; 717, second spring; 72, driving cylinder; 8, transport frame; 9, crane; A, placement area; B, working area; C, deep pit area; T, tower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0048] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a floating dock 100 for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation includes a floating dock body 1, a first horizontal slide rail 2, a slide plate 3, and a wave compensation platform 4; the floating dock body 1 is provided with a placement area A for parts to be hoisted, and an operation area B for hoisting construction, and the operation area is provided with a deep pit area C;

[0049] Among them, the components placed in the placement area A include but are not limited to the tower T, the nacelle, the impeller, the wind turbine foundation structure, etc. In this case, the installation of the tower is taken as an example to illustrate the structure and working process of the floating dock 100. The operating area B is located in the middle of the floating body 1 to prevent deviation. The operating area B is usually provided with at least one crane, a pile clamp for fixing and clamping the tower, and other necessary lifting devices or accessories. In this embodiment, the crane preferably includes a main crane, an auxiliary crane, and a pile clamp. The function of the deep pit area C is, on the one hand, to provide a spatial position for lowering the installation center of gravity of the tower, and on the other hand, to provide an installation position for installing the wave compensation platform 4.

[0050] The first horizontal slide rail 2 is arranged on the surface of the floating vessel body 1, one end of which extends toward the placement area, and the other end of which extends toward the deep pit area, and is used to transfer the components to be hoisted from the placement area to the operation area;

[0051] The wave compensation platform 4 can be lifted and lowered in the deep pit area of ​​the working area. The wave compensation platform 4 includes a supporting plate 41 and a lifting and lowering compensation mechanism 42 that drives the supporting plate 41 to be lifted and lowered smoothly. The supporting plate 41 is provided with a second horizontal slide rail 411 that is connected and slidably connected to the first horizontal slide rail 2, and the slide plate 3 slides between the first horizontal slide rail 2 and the second horizontal slide rail 411.

[0052] The present invention provides a space for lowering the center of gravity of the tower by opening a deep pit area on the floating dock 100, and designs a slide plate 3 for receiving, transporting and fixing the tower, and a wave compensation platform 4 for lowering the center of gravity of the tower and keeping the tower position stable and free from the influence of sea wind or waves. When the tower is installed, the slide plate 3 is used to transfer the tower from the placement area to the operation area. After installing one tower, the tower is moved down by the wave compensation platform 4, which can lower the center of gravity position of the tower during the installation process, reduce the influence of offshore wind on the subsequent assembly of the tower, and improve the installation efficiency and accuracy.

[0053] As a further preferred solution, a positioning card seat 5 is provided on the slide plate 3. The positioning card seat 5 is annular and fixed at the center position of the slide plate 3. The outer wall of the positioning card seat 5 is provided with reinforcing ribs for improving the connection strength between the positioning card seat 5 and the slide plate 3. An axis alignment sensor (not shown) for capturing the center axis position of the wind turbine tower is provided at the center position of the positioning card seat 5. In this embodiment, by designing the positioning card seat 5 and the axis alignment sensor, the axis alignment sensor captures the center axis of the wind turbine tower, completes the alignment process of the tower and the positioning card seat 5, improves the precision of the tower plugging on the positioning card seat 5, and avoids the wind turbine tower from tilting, flipping, etc. during the wave compensation process.

[0054] As a further preferred embodiment, a high-position pile gripper 6 is provided on the slide plate 3, and the high-position pile gripper 6 includes an abutment ring 61, a clamping arm 62, and a pile gripping cylinder 63; the abutment ring 61 is fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping arm 62, and the other end of the clamping arm 62 is movably pivoted to the slide plate 3, one end of the pile gripping cylinder 63 is pivoted to the slide plate 3, and the other end of the pile gripping cylinder 63 is pivoted to the middle position of the clamping arm 62, and a triangular area is enclosed between the clamping arm 62, the pile gripping cylinder 63, and the slide plate 3. In this embodiment, the number of abutment rings 61 includes but is not limited to four, and the four abutment rings 61 and the corresponding clamping arms 62 are circumferentially symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the positioning card seat 5. The longer the length of the clamping arm 62 is, the higher the pile gripping position is. The circumferentially symmetrically arranged pile gripper can symmetrically climb on the outer wall of the tower at a high position, further reducing the accidental construction risks and accidents such as the tower rollover.

[0055] As a further preferred solution, the support plate 41 is provided with a brake mechanism 7 for stopping the slide plate 3; the brake mechanism 7 includes a clamp 71 for stopping the pulley at the bottom of the slide plate, and a driving cylinder 72 for driving the clamp to extend or retract; a slide groove 412 is recessed on the support plate 41, and the clamp 71 slides in the slide groove 412, and one end of the driving cylinder 72 is fixed to the support plate 41, and the other end is fixed to the clamp 71, specifically to the front clamp body 711. The clamp 71 includes a clamp body, grippers 713 movably arranged on both sides of the clamp body, a driving structure 714 installed in the clamp body for driving the grippers 713 on both sides to open or tighten, and a pulley 715 fixed to the bottom of the clamp body. Specifically, the clamp body includes a front clamp body 711 and a rear clamp body 712 arranged at the end of the front clamp body 711, and the driving structure 714 includes a rack 7141 arranged inside the front clamp body 711, a gear 7142 arranged on the rear clamp body 712, a motor (not shown in the figure), and a sprocket assembly 7143; the gear 7142 is driven to rotate by the motor through the sprocket assembly 7143, and the rack 7141 and the gear 7142 are engaged and transmitted to make the rear clamp body 712 approach or move away from the front clamp body 711, and a first spring 716 is also provided between the front clamp body 711 and the rear clamp body 712; the grippers 713 on both sides are pivotally connected to the clamp body through a pivot, and a second spring 717 is provided between the grippers 713 and the clamp body.

[0056] The working process of the brake mechanism 7 is as follows:

[0057] When the slide plate 3 moves to the center of the support plate 41, the four brake mechanisms 7 on the slide plate 3 need to fix the position of the entire slide plate 3, so as to provide a stable and immovable working platform during installation, that is, to achieve the locking function. At this time, the telescopic rod of the driving cylinder 72 extends to push the clamp 71 to the middle of the slide plate 3, and the pulley at the bottom of the slide plate 3 is buckled into the two grippers 713, so as to achieve the locking function.

[0058] After the installation of the tower is completed, when the slide plate 3 leaves the supporting plate 41, the motor on the driving structure 714 drives the sprocket of the chain assembly to rotate, and drives the gear 7142 coaxially arranged therewith to rotate. The gear 7142 rolls along the rack 7141, driving the rear clamp body 712 and the front clamp body 711 to slide relative to each other. In conjunction with the rebound of the first spring 716 and the retraction of the second spring 717, the grippers 713 on both sides open to unlock the wheels.

[0059] By designing the braking mechanism 7, the slide plate 3 can be fixed and limited at the center position of the bearing plate, providing a stable installation state for the subsequent installation process.

[0060] As a further preferred embodiment, the lifting and compensating mechanism 42 includes a side lifting and compensating mechanism 421, and the side lifting and compensating mechanism 421 includes a lifting plate 4211, a lifting slide rail 4212, and a side wall cylinder 4213; there are two lifting plates 4211, which are respectively arranged on the opposite side walls in the deep pit area, and the lifting slide rail 4212 is arranged on the side wall in a vertical direction, and the two lifting plates 4211 slide on the lifting slide rail 4212 along the length direction of the lifting slide rail 4212; there are four side wall cylinders 4213, and the four side wall cylinders 4213 are symmetrically arranged below the supporting plate 41, and one end of each side wall cylinder 4213 is pivoted to the lifting plate 4211, and the other end is pivoted to the bottom of the supporting plate 41. The lifting and lowering compensation mechanism of the present application located in the deep pit area changes the telescopic length of the side wall cylinder 4213 to adjust the support plate 41 in the horizontal direction, front and rear direction and other directions in the deep hole to maintain a stable installation environment for the support plate 41 in the deep pit area. This can solve the problem of connecting the support plate 41 and the upper deck of the floating vessel body 1 at the same horizontal position during the tower transportation process, and can also solve the problem of precise alignment installation between towers or between towers and nacelles and blades during the installation process.

[0061] As a further preferred solution, a sliding groove 11 arranged along the vertical direction is further provided on the inner side wall of the deep pit area, and pulley blocks 4214 are provided at both ends of the lifting plate 4211. Both ends of the lifting plate 4211 are movably mounted in the sliding groove 11 through the pulley blocks 4214, and slide along the vertical direction thereof. The present invention can effectively improve the lifting stability and smoothness of the lifting plate 4211 by designing a structure in which the pulley blocks 4214 cooperate with the sliding groove 11.

[0062] As a further preferred embodiment, the side lifting compensation mechanism 421 further includes a guide sliding block 4215 and an upright rack 4216; the guide sliding block 4215 includes a guide block 42151, a climbing gear 42152 pivotally connected to the guide block 42151, and a lifting motor 42153 drivingly connected to the climbing gear 42152; a speed reduction assembly 42154 is connected between the lifting motor 42153 and the climbing gear 42152; the upright rack 4216 is vertically arranged in the deep pit area, The climbing gear 42152 is meshed with the teeth of the upright rack 4216, and the lifting rail 4212 is a hollow slide groove. The guide sliding block 4215 passes through the slide groove and is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 4211; the climbing gear 42152 is driven to rotate by the lifting motor 42153, driving the climbing gear 42152 to perform lifting and lowering movements on the upright rack 4216, so that the guide sliding block 4215 and the lifting plate 4211 slide in the lifting rail 4212 along the length direction of the slide groove.

[0063] The lifting and lowering compensation mechanism 42 can realize the stable lifting and lowering function of the lifting and lowering compensation mechanism 42 by designing the meshing transmission relationship between the guide sliding block 4215 and the upright rack 4216.

[0064] As a further preferred solution, the lifting compensation mechanism 42 also includes a bottom lifting compensation mechanism 422, and the bottom lifting compensation mechanism 422 includes a bottom oil cylinder 4221. A bottom slide rail 4222 is provided at the bottom of the deep pit area. One end of the bottom oil cylinder 4221 slides along the length direction of the bottom slide rail 4222, and the other end is pivotally connected to the bottom of the support plate 41. The lifting compensation mechanism of the present application located in the deep pit area changes the telescopic length of the side wall oil cylinder 4213 to adjust the support plate 41 in the horizontal direction, front and rear direction and other directions in the deep hole to maintain a stable installation environment for the support plate 41 in the deep pit area. It can solve the problem of connecting the support plate 41 and the upper deck of the floating ship body 1 at the same horizontal position during the tower transportation process, and can also solve the problem of precise alignment installation between towers or between towers and nacelles and blades during the installation process.

[0065] As a further preferred embodiment, the placement area is provided with a transport rack 8 for placing the components to be hoisted and a rotating table (not shown) for rotating the transport rack 8; the rotating table is arranged at the bottom of the transport rack 8; and the operation area is provided with a crane 9.

[0066] The present invention also provides an installation method for lowering the center of gravity of the tower installation. The installation method uses the floating dock 100 as described above to complete the installation of a split tower or the installation of a tower, a nacelle, and an impeller. The specific installation method includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) The tower T is fixedly placed on the transport frame 8, and the crane lifts the transport frame 8 loaded with the tower to the placement area A of the floating vessel body 1;

[0068] (2) The floating vessel body 1 transports the tower T to the designated sea area for deployment, releases the fixing of the tower by the transport frame 8, and starts the crane on the floating vessel body 1 to flip the tower T in a horizontal state to a vertical state;

[0069] (3) First, the slide plate 3 is started to move along the first horizontal slide rail 2 on the surface of the floating vessel body 1 toward the transport rack 8 on the placement area. A conventional pile gripper is fixed on the top and middle of the tower. The crane lifts the pile gripper to lift the tower and hoist it above the slide plate 3. The axis alignment sensor on the slide plate 3 identifies the center axis position of the tower. After the axis center position of the tower is accurately aligned with the positioning holder 5 on the slide plate 3, the tower is inserted into the positioning holder 5 and fixed on the slide plate 3.

[0070] (4) The slide plate 3 carrying the tower moves along the deep pit area of ​​the operation area. A positioning sensor for identifying the distance between the support plate 41 and the deck on the surface of the floating ship body is provided on the support plate 41. The lifting compensation mechanism in the deep pit area changes the telescopic length of the side wall cylinder 4213 and the bottom cylinder 4221 to make the support plate 41 close to the deck, so that the support plate 41 rises to the same horizontal plane position as the deck, and adjusts the distance between the support plate 41 and the edge of the deep pit opening in the horizontal plane, so that the support plate 41 abuts against the deck at the edge of the deep pit opening, and the second horizontal slide rail 411 on the support plate 41 is aligned with the first horizontal slide rail 2 on the deck;

[0071] (5) The slide plate 3 slides onto the support plate 41 along the first horizontal slide rail 2 and the second horizontal rail in sequence, and the lifting compensation mechanism drives the climbing gear 42152 to mesh with the rack 7141, so that the support plate 41 moves up and down along the length direction of the lifting slide rail 4212, and finally drives the support plate 41 down to the deep pit area, and then returns to the center, thereby driving the tower to sink into the deep pit area, and the upper part of the tower protrudes from the opening of the deep pit area;

[0072] (6) The segmented tower or nacelle and impeller located at the upper part are hoisted to the top of the deep pit area by a crane, and the crane is used to complete the vertical splicing with the tower in the deep pit area;

[0073] (7) The lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate 41 to continue to sink, so that the height of the tower protruding from the sea level is reduced, and the tower or nacelle is assembled section by section until the wind turbine foundation is completed, and then it is lifted out by a crane and launched into the sea.

[0074] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of a tower installation, characterized in that: It includes a floating boat body, a first horizontal slide rail, a slide plate, and a wave compensation platform; the floating boat body is provided with a placement area for components to be hoisted and an operation area for hoisting construction, and the operation area is provided with a deep pit area; The first horizontal slide rail is arranged on the surface of the floating vessel body, one end of which extends toward the placement area, and the other end of which extends toward the deep pit area, and is used to transfer the components to be hoisted from the placement area to the operation area; The wave compensation platform is installed in a deep pit area of ​​the operation area in a liftable manner. The wave compensation platform includes a supporting plate and a lifting and compensating mechanism for driving the supporting plate to be lifted and lowered smoothly. The supporting plate is provided with a second horizontal slide rail connected and slidably connected to the first horizontal slide rail, and the slide plate slides between the first horizontal slide rail and the second horizontal slide rail. The slide plate slides to the support plate along the first horizontal slide rail and the second horizontal rail in sequence, and the lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate to descend into the deep pit area and return to the center, thereby driving the tower to sink into the deep pit area, and the upper part of the tower protrudes from the opening of the deep pit area; The segmented tower or nacelle and impeller located at the upper part are hoisted to the top of the deep pit area by a crane, and are vertically spliced ​​with the tower in the deep pit area by the crane.

2. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning card seat is arranged on the slide plate, and an axis alignment sensor for capturing the central axis position of the wind turbine tower is arranged at the center position of the positioning card seat.

3. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide plate is provided with a high-position pile gripper, which includes an abutment ring, a clamping arm, and a pile gripping cylinder; the abutment ring is fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping arm, and the other end of the clamping arm is movably pivoted to the slide plate; one end of the pile gripping cylinder is pivoted to the slide plate, and the other end of the pile gripping cylinder is pivoted to the middle position of the clamping arm; a triangular area is enclosed by the clamping arm, the pile gripping cylinder, and the slide plate.

4. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate is provided with a braking mechanism for stopping the skateboard; the braking mechanism includes a clamp for stopping the pulley at the bottom of the skateboard and a driving cylinder for driving the clamp to extend or retract; the clamp includes a clamp body, grippers movably arranged on both sides of the clamp body, a driving structure installed in the clamp body for driving the grippers on both sides to open or tighten, and a pulley fixed at the bottom of the clamp body.

5. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting compensation mechanism includes a side lifting compensation mechanism, and the side lifting compensation mechanism includes a lifting plate, a lifting slide rail, and a side wall cylinder; there are two lifting plates, which are respectively arranged on the opposite side walls in the deep pit area, and the lifting slide rail is arranged on the side wall in a vertical direction, and the two lifting plates slide on the lifting slide rail along the length direction of the lifting slide rail; there are four side wall cylinders, and the four side wall cylinders are symmetrically arranged below the supporting plate, and one end of each side wall cylinder is pivoted to the lifting plate, and the other end is pivoted to the bottom of the supporting plate.

6. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the deep pit area is also provided with a sliding groove arranged along the vertical direction, and pulley groups are provided at both ends of the lifting plate. The two ends of the lifting plate are movably installed in the sliding groove through the pulley groups and slide along the vertical direction thereof.

7. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side lifting compensation mechanism also includes a guide sliding block and an upright rack; the guide sliding block includes a guide block, a climbing gear pivotally connected to the guide block, and a lifting motor connected to the climbing gear; a reduction assembly is connected between the lifting motor and the climbing gear; the upright rack is vertically arranged in the deep pit area, the climbing gear is meshed with the teeth of the upright rack, the lifting slide rail is a hollow slide groove, and the guide sliding block is fixedly connected to the lifting plate after passing through the slide groove; the climbing gear is driven to rotate by the lifting motor, driving the climbing gear to perform lifting and lowering movements on the upright rack, so that the guide sliding block and the lifting plate slide in the lifting slide rail along the length direction of the slide groove.

8. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting compensation mechanism also includes a bottom lifting compensation mechanism, which includes a bottom oil cylinder. A bottom slide rail is provided at the bottom of the deep pit area. One end of the bottom oil cylinder slides along the length direction of the bottom slide rail, and the other end is pivotally connected to the bottom of the supporting plate.

9. The floating dock for lowering the center of gravity of tower installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement area is provided with a transport rack for placing the components to be hoisted and a rotating table for rotating the transport rack; the rotating table is arranged at the bottom of the transport rack; and the operation area is provided with a crane.

10. A method for lowering the tower installation center of gravity, characterized in that: The installation method uses the floating dock as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to complete the installation of a split tower or the installation of a tower, a nacelle, and an impeller. The specific installation method includes the following steps: (1) The tower is fixedly placed on a transport frame, and a crane lifts the transport frame loaded with the tower to the placement area of ​​the floating vessel body; (2) The floating vessel body transports the tower to the designated deployment sea area, releases the tower from the transport frame, and starts the crane on the floating vessel body to flip the horizontally placed tower to a vertical state; (3) The slide plate is first started to move along the first horizontal slide rail on the surface of the floating vessel body toward the transport frame on the placement area, and the crane hoists the tower onto the slide plate and fixes it on the slide plate; (4) The slide plate carrying the tower moves along the deep pit area of ​​the operation area, and a positioning sensor for identifying the distance between the support plate and the deck on the surface of the floating vessel body is provided on the support plate. The lifting compensation mechanism in the deep pit area drives the support plate to approach the deck, so that the support plate rises to the same horizontal plane position as the deck, and adjusts the distance between the support plate and the edge of the deep pit opening in the horizontal plane, so that the support plate abuts against the deck at the edge of the deep pit opening, and the second horizontal slide rail on the support plate is aligned with the first horizontal slide rail on the deck; (5) The slide plate slides to the support plate along the first horizontal slide rail and the second horizontal rail in sequence, and the lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate to descend into the deep pit area and return to the center, thereby driving the tower to sink into the deep pit area, and the upper part of the tower protrudes from the opening of the deep pit area; (6) The segmented tower or nacelle and impeller located at the upper part are hoisted to the top of the deep pit area by a crane, and the crane is used to complete the vertical splicing with the tower in the deep pit area; (7) The lifting compensation mechanism drives the support plate to continue to sink, so that the height of the tower protruding above the sea level is reduced. The tower or nacelle is assembled section by section until the foundation of the wind turbine is completed, and then it is lifted out by a crane and launched into the sea.

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