A comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and icing-resistant polyester fabric, its preparation method, and its applications.

Abstract

This invention relates to a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and anti-icing polyester fabric, its preparation method, and its applications. The preparation method of this polyester fabric includes the following steps: adding photothermal nanomaterials to a polar protic solvent and sonicating; pre-treating the polyester fabric with plasma surface etching; immersing the pre-treated polyester fabric in a nanoparticle dispersion, sonicating, and drying to obtain a polyester fabric coated with photothermal nanomaterials; adding a fluorine-free low surface energy material and the photothermal nanomaterials to a polar protic solvent and sonicating to obtain a composite dispersion; immersing the polyester fabric coated with photothermal nanomaterials in the composite dispersion, sonicating, drying, and plasma treating to obtain the final product. This polyester fabric not only has excellent water-repellent and anti-icing properties but also excellent wearing comfort, meeting people's requirements for the performance of outdoor functional textiles and showing great market application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of outdoor functional textile fabric technology, specifically relating to a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and icy polyester fabric, its preparation method, and its uses. Background Technology

[0002] Icing is ubiquitous. When ice forms on the surface of fabrics, their performance is severely affected. Outdoor functional textiles used in cold environments, such as mountaineering clothing, tents, and protective gloves, have increasingly stringent requirements for water repellency and anti-icing properties. Currently, de-icing methods mainly include mechanical ice breaking, salting, electrical heating, and solar heating. However, traditional methods cannot completely prevent icing and often consume energy, are inefficient, and have adverse environmental impacts.

[0003] In recent years, coating protection methods have gradually become a new strategy for achieving anti-icing and de-icing performance.

[0004] Currently, the main problem with anti-icing coatings is that the micro-nano structure of the non-repellent surface is damaged during repeated freezing and de-icing processes, and harsh environments can affect the durability of the coating.

[0005] CN116219739A discloses a method for preparing a unidirectional moisture-wicking, antibacterial, and multi-energy-coupling heated textile, comprising the following steps: a polyester-cotton knitted fabric is prepared by weaving polyester and cotton yarns; a layer of silver catalyst ink is screen-printed on the polyester side of the fabric; then, the fabric is placed in a chemical plating bath to grow a copper nanoparticle radiation-reflecting layer in situ; a roughened nanoporous carbon nanotube photothermal layer is prepared on the cotton side of the fabric through foam finishing. The resulting textile exhibits good unidirectional moisture-wicking, antibacterial, heat-insulating, photothermal, and electrothermal conversion properties, and can be applied in personal thermal management, antibacterial, and de-icing fields.

[0006] CN108978200A discloses a method for preparing a superhydrophobic and lubricating smooth fabric for anti-fouling and anti-icing purposes, comprising the following steps: A, Pretreatment of the fabric: Weigh zinc acetate and add it to methanol, heat and stir until dissolved, then add ethanolamine and mix. The concentrations of zinc acetate and ethanolamine are both 0.75 mol / L. After forming a transparent solution, cool to room temperature. Then weigh the above solution mixture and add 2 wt% of hydrophilic silane coupling agent KH550. After stirring and mixing, add the ultrasonically cleaned fabric, soak for 5 minutes, and then remove and air dry at 100℃ for later use; B, Growth of nano-zinc oxide: Prepare aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and potassium hydroxide of equal concentration, with the concentrations of zinc nitrate and potassium hydroxide aqueous solutions being 0.025 mol / L. Mix equal volumes of the solutions. A zinc oxide growth solution was obtained by stirring for 30 min. The pretreated fabric was vertically placed into the growth solution and reacted in an oil bath at 95℃ for 8 h, followed by 12 h at room temperature to complete the growth of nano zinc oxide. C, Low surface energy material modification: The fabric from step B was taken out, repeatedly rinsed with distilled water and then dried to obtain superhydrophilic fabric. The fabric was then immersed in a 0.005 mol / L perfluorooctanoic acid ethanol solution for 24 h to obtain superhydrophobic properties. The fabric was taken out, washed with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ to complete the preparation of superhydrophobic fabric. D, Lubricating fluid infusion: Krytox 100 perfluoropolyether was dripped onto the fabric surface and allowed to spread arbitrarily. After being completely wetted, it was hung vertically for 5 min to obtain an infusion-grade smooth surface.

[0007] CN115787306A discloses a method for preparing a highly robust superhydrophobic anti-icing fabric, comprising the following steps: adding PDMS and bisphenol A type epoxy resin to anhydrous ethanol to obtain a PDMS and bisphenol A type epoxy resin solution; adding nanoparticles and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to anhydrous ethanol and dispersing them evenly to obtain a nano-silica mixture; mixing the PDMS and bisphenol A type epoxy resin solution and the nano-silica mixture, and dispersing them evenly using ultrasound to obtain a spray; spraying the spray onto the fabric and drying it to obtain a highly robust superhydrophobic anti-icing fabric. This superhydrophobic fabric has a contact angle as high as 162° and exhibits anti-icing and self-cleaning properties. Even after 1200 abrasions with sandpaper, it can still maintain a contact angle of over 150°. After testing in other extreme physical and chemical environments, the surface still exhibits excellent hydrophobicity.

[0008] However, the processing methods in CN116219739A and CN108978200A are relatively complex, resulting in thick coatings that severely affect the fabric's hand feel and performance. In addition, the growth of surface nanomaterials is poorly controllable, and the film uniformity is poor. To improve durability, a very thick organic coating is required for protection. PDMS in CN115787306A does not have curing conditions and only provides surface energy functional groups. To achieve better hydrophobic properties on the fabric surface, a complete coating film needs to be formed on the fabric surface, which will affect the fabric's breathability and comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that the micro-nano structures of existing water-repellent surfaces are damaged during repeated icing and de-icing processes, and harsh environments affect the durability of the coating. To address this, this invention provides a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and anti-icing polyester fabric. A coating formed by non-fluorinated siloxane-based low surface energy monomers and photothermal nanoparticles is grafted onto the surface of polyester fibers via plasma crosslinking. The siloxane monomers encapsulate the nanoparticles, firmly adhering them to the fabric and effectively enhancing the durability of the anti-icing coating. This results in a water-repellent and anti-icing polyester fabric. Since this modification only occurs on the surface of the fabric fibers, it has virtually no impact on the fabric's wearing comfort and breathability. This invention further provides a method for preparing the aforementioned comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and anti-icing polyester fabric and its use as an outdoor functional textile.

[0010] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] Inspired by the "lotus effect" in nature, this invention uses low surface energy and surface roughness as the two major principles for preparing non-wetting surfaces. It replaces fluorinated polymers with fluorine-free low surface energy materials to prepare functional fabrics with certain hydrophobicity. By introducing low surface energy materials and photothermal nanomaterials into the coating, it effectively prevents water retention and wetting. Furthermore, the photothermal materials absorb solar energy and convert it into surface heat energy. Even if an ice layer forms on the fabric surface due to water vapor condensation, it can be easily removed under light conditions.

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and icing-resistant polyester fabric, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) Add the photothermal nanomaterial to a solvent and mix thoroughly (e.g., at room temperature) to obtain a photothermal nanomaterial dispersion;

[0014] (2) The polyester fabric (preferably washed polyester fabric) is subjected to plasma surface etching pretreatment to obtain the pretreated polyester fabric.

[0015] (3) The pretreated polyester fabric is immersed in the nanoparticle dispersion and ultrasonically vibrated (e.g., at high temperature) and dried to obtain a polyester fabric with photothermal nanomaterials attached.

[0016] (4) Add a fluorine-free low surface energy material and a photothermal nanomaterial to a polar protic solvent and mix thoroughly (e.g. at room temperature) to obtain a composite dispersion;

[0017] (5) The polyester fabric with photothermal nanomaterials attached is immersed in the composite dispersion (e.g. at room temperature), ultrasonically vibrated, and dried to obtain the dried polyester fabric.

[0018] (6) The dried polyester fabric is subjected to plasma treatment to crosslink it, and thus the product is obtained.

[0019] Further, in the above preparation method, in step (1), the photothermal nanomaterial is selected from metal compounds and / or carbon-based materials, preferably, the metal compound is selected from at least one of Fe3O4 and CuS, and the carbon-based material is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene; and / or,

[0020] In step (1), the solvent is an anhydrous polar solvent, preferably at least one of anhydrous alcohols, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran, more preferably anhydrous alcohols, and further selected from one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol, preferably anhydrous ethanol or isopropanol. Alcohol solvents have low toxicity and low pollution. The solvent is preferably anhydrous, otherwise it may lead to difficulty in dispersing nanoparticles; and / or,

[0021] In step (1), the concentration of photothermal nanomaterials in the photothermal nanomaterial dispersion is 0.01~0.5 g / L, preferably 0.1~0.2 g / L, for example, it can be 0.01 g / L, 0.05 g / L, 0.09 g / L, 0.3 g / L, 0.4 g / L or 0.5 g / L; and / or,

[0022] In step (1), thorough mixing is achieved by ultrasonic oscillation, with an ultrasonic oscillation time of 0.5 to 2 hours, preferably 0.5 hours, for example, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours or 2 hours.

[0023] The present invention does not have any special limitations on the equipment for providing the ultrasonic conditions. Any equipment known to those skilled in the art that can meet the above-mentioned ultrasonic conditions can be used. The process can be carried out at room temperature without the need for additional heating or cooling.

[0024] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, in step (2), the plasma surface etching pretreatment is an atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment. After the polyester fabric is etched and activated by plasma under atmospheric pressure, the bonding strength between the fiber surface and the nanoparticles is enhanced, and grooves are generated on the fiber surface, increasing the surface roughness, which is beneficial to the embedding of nanoparticles. Preferably, the power of the atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment is 50~500W, preferably 100~300W, for example, 100W, 200W or 300W; the current is 0.5~3A, preferably 1~2A, for example, 0.5A, 1A, 1.5A, 2A, 2.5A or 3A; and the processing speed is 1~20mm / s, preferably 1~10mm / s, for example, 1mm / s, 5mm / s, 10mm / s, 15mm / s or 20mm / s.

[0025] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, in step (3), the impregnation ratio is 1:20~60, preferably 1:30~50, for example, 1:30, 1:40 or 1:50; the ultrasonic vibration time is 0.1~1h, preferably 10min, for example, 0.1h, 0.5h or 1h; the drying temperature is 120~150℃, preferably 120~130℃, for example, 120℃, 130℃, 140℃ or 150℃; and the drying time is 1~2h, preferably 1h, for example, 1h, 1.5h or 2h.

[0026] Further, in the above preparation method, in step (4), the fluorine-free low surface energy substance is a siloxane polymer or a long-chain alkyl ester polymer, preferably a siloxane polymer, more preferably polydimethylsiloxane PDMS, and the concentration of the fluorine-free low surface energy substance in the composite dispersion is 10~50 g / L, preferably 20~40 g / L, for example, it can be 10 g / L, 30 g / L or 50 g / L; and / or,

[0027] In step (4), the photothermal nanomaterial is selected from metal compounds and / or carbon-based materials. Preferably, the metal compound is selected from at least one of Fe3O4 and CuS, and the carbon-based material is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene. The concentration of the photothermal nanomaterial in the composite dispersion is 0.2~1 g / L, preferably 0.2~0.8 g / L, for example, 0.2 g / L, 0.4 g / L, 0.6 g / L, 0.8 g / L, or 1 g / L; and / or,

[0028] In step (4), the solvent is an anhydrous polar solvent, preferably at least one of anhydrous alcohols, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran, more preferably anhydrous alcohols, and further preferably at least one of anhydrous ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol, preferably anhydrous ethanol and / or isopropanol. Alcohol solvents have low toxicity and low pollution; and / or,

[0029] In step (4), thorough mixing is carried out by ultrasonic oscillation; the ultrasonic oscillation time is 0.1~0.5h, preferably 0.5h, for example, it can be 0.1h, 0.3h or 0.5h.

[0030] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, in step (5), the impregnation ratio is 1:20~60, preferably 1:30~50, for example, it can be 1:30, 1:40 or 1:50; and / or,

[0031] In step (5), the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10-30 min, preferably 10 min, for example, it can be 10 min, 15 min or 20 min; and / or,

[0032] In step (5), the drying temperature is 60~100℃, preferably 60~70℃, for example, 60℃, 80℃ or 100℃, and the drying time is 0.5~1h, preferably 0.5h, for example, 0.1h, 0.5h or 1h.

[0033] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, in step (6), the plasma treatment is low-pressure plasma treatment; low-pressure plasma treatment (i.e., pressure of 60~300Pa) has a more stable treatment effect than atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, which ultimately makes the cross-linked film of doped nanomaterials cover the nanoparticles originally embedded in polyester fibers, firmly grafted onto the fiber surface, and maximizes the amount of photothermal material used on the fiber, which helps to absorb more solar energy.

[0034] Preferably, in step (6), the low-pressure plasma treatment uses a capacitively coupled plasma discharge device or an inductively coupled plasma discharge device, and DC, pulse, corona or radio frequency plasma discharge is used according to the discharge frequency.

[0035] Preferably, in step (6), low-pressure plasma treatment is performed using argon and / or helium; and / or,

[0036] In step (6), the power of the low-pressure plasma treatment is 50~500 W, preferably 100 W, for example, 50 W, 100 W, 200 W, 300 W, 400 W or 500 W; the pressure is 60~300 Pa, preferably 220 Pa, for example, 60 Pa, 100 Pa, 150 Pa, 200 Pa, 250 Pa, 300 Pa; and / or,

[0037] In step (6), the processing time of the low-pressure plasma treatment is 10~200s, preferably 60~70s, for example, it can be 10s, 40s, 60s, 100s, 150s or 200s.

[0038] Secondly, the present invention provides a polyester fabric prepared by the above preparation method, wherein the polyester fabric has a water spray protection level of 5, a water droplet freezing time of ≥130s, an ice layer adhesion strength of ≤2.4 KPa, and an ice droplet melting time of ≤28s.

[0039] Thirdly, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned polyester fabric in the preparation of outdoor functional textiles.

[0040] Fourthly, the present invention provides an outdoor functional textile, which is made of polyester fabric prepared by the above-described preparation method or the above-described polyester fabric.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] (1) The method for preparing the comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and anti-icing polyester fabric of the present invention involves loading a fluorine-free, low-surface-energy monomer and a functional nanomaterial with photothermal properties onto the surface of the polyester fabric. First, a plasma surface etching pretreatment is performed to activate the surface of the polyester fiber and enhance the adhesion strength between the coating and the fiber. On the other hand, high-energy particles bombard the fabric surface to form a pit structure on the fiber, increasing the surface roughness and facilitating the deposition of nanoparticles on the fiber surface. Then, a layer-by-layer impregnation method is adopted. The first impregnation uses a solvent to disperse the nanoparticles. The purpose is to attach an appropriate amount of nanomaterials to the fiber surface first, and then embed the nanoparticles into the polyester fiber as much as possible under the high-temperature thermal melting of the polyester fiber. The groove structure; the second impregnation uses solvent to disperse nanoparticles and low surface energy monomers, the purpose of which is to form a coating structure of siloxane monomers covering nanoparticles and increase the content of nanoparticles on the fiber surface, which can effectively reduce the shedding or oxidation of photothermal materials; finally, a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and anti-icing polyester fabric is obtained through low-pressure plasma crosslinking treatment; the modification of the polyester fabric after treatment only occurs on the fiber surface and will not damage the original fabric properties, which can meet people's special requirements for functionality and comfort; therefore, this polyester fabric not only has good water-repellent and anti-icing functions, but also has good wearing comfort, which can meet people's requirements for the performance of outdoor functional textiles and has a good market application prospect;

[0043] (2) The polyester fabric of the present invention is comfortable, breathable, water-repellent and anti-icing. It does not use fluoropolymers in the preparation process, generates less solid waste and is more environmentally friendly. The preparation process is simple, easy to operate, efficient, low cost and repeatable. It is suitable for the functional treatment of various polyester fabrics and is conducive to industrialization. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0045] Figure 1 Here is a scanning electron microscope image of the original polyester surface morphology in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface morphology of polyester after surface etching pretreatment in Example 1;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface morphology of polyester after plasma crosslinking treatment in Example 1;

[0048] Figure 4 Here is a scanning electron microscope image of the polyester fabric after plasma crosslinking treatment in Example 2;

[0049] Figure 5 In the figures, (a) and (b) show the anti-spray effect on the surface of the polyester fabric before and after plasma treatment in Example 1, respectively; (c) shows the anti-spray effect on the surface of the polyester fabric after plasma treatment in Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the following examples, the polyester knitted fabric was purchased from Zhejiang Miandu Textile Co., Ltd.;

[0052] The atmospheric pressure plasma treatment machine is a CTP-2000A corona discharge plasma machine;

[0053] The low-pressure plasma processor is AP-600, which uses a capacitively coupled plasma discharge device and employs radio frequency plasma discharge based on the discharge frequency.

[0054] Copper sulfide nanoparticles were purchased from Shanghai Yingxin Laboratory Equipment Co., Ltd., China, with a purity of ≥99.0%.

[0055] Ferric oxide nanoparticles were purchased from Beijing Deco Island Gold Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.9%.

[0056] Carbon nanotubes were purchased from Suzhou CarbonFeng Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., and were of analytical grade.

[0057] Graphene, purchased from Suzhou CarbonFeng Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., with analytical grade purity;

[0058] Polydimethylsiloxane, with a molecular weight of MW770 and a grade of 9016-00-6, was purchased from Alfaesa (China) Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0059] Anhydrous ethanol, purchased from Changzhou Hongsheng Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.7%;

[0060] Isopropanol, purchased from Merck Chemicals, with a purity of ≥99.7%. Example 1

[0061] 0.05 g of copper sulfide nanoparticles were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a CuS ethanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed (SEM image of the original polyester surface morphology is shown below). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the parameters of the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment machine were set to power 100W, current 1A, and processing speed 1mm / s. The polyester knitted fabric was subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment to obtain the pretreated polyester knitted fabric (SEM image of the polyester surface morphology after surface etching pretreatment is shown in the figure). Figure 2 (As shown in the image); Subsequently, the pretreated polyester knitted fabric was immediately immersed in a CuS ethanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min, then dried at 120℃ for 1 h to obtain a polyester knitted fabric coated with CuS; 10 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.1 g of copper sulfide particles were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a PDMS / CuS ethanol composite dispersion; the CuS-coated polyester knitted fabric was immersed in the PDMS / CuS composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:40 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min, then dried at 60℃ for 30 min to obtain a dried polyester knitted fabric; finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 60 s) to obtain a PDMS / CuS@PET coated fabric (SEM image of the surface morphology of the polyester after plasma crosslinking treatment, i.e., the PDMS / CuS@PET coated fabric, is shown in the image). Figure 3 (As shown). Example 2

[0062] 0.05 g of iron(III) oxide nanoparticles were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare an Fe3O4 ethanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed and subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment with parameters set to 100 W power, 1 A current, and 1 mm / s processing speed to obtain a pretreated polyester knitted fabric. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric was then immediately immersed in the Fe3O4 ethanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min, followed by drying at 120 °C for 1 h to obtain a polyester knitted fabric coated with Fe3O4. 10 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.1 g of... Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a PDMS / Fe3O4 ethanol composite dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric coated with Fe3O4 was immersed in the composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:40 and ultrasonically vibrated for another 10 min. It was then dried at 60℃ for 30 min to obtain the dried polyester knitted fabric. Finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (100 W power, 220 Pa pressure, 60 s treatment time) to obtain a PDMS / Fe3O4@PET coated fabric (SEM image of the polyester fabric after plasma crosslinking treatment is shown below). Figure 4 (As shown). Example 3

[0063] 0.05 g of carbon nanotubes were added to 500 mL of isopropanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a carbon nanotube-isopropanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed and subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment using a plasma treatment machine with a power of 200 W, a current of 2 A, and a processing speed of 5 mm / s. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric was then immediately immersed in the carbon nanotube-isopropanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 minutes. The polyester knitted fabric with carbon nanotubes was prepared by ultrasonically vibrating it at room temperature for 30 minutes for 1 hour, followed by drying at 130℃ for 1 hour. 10 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.3 g of carbon nanotubes were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare a PDMS / CNTs isopropanol composite dispersion. The polyester knitted fabric with carbon nanotubes was immersed in the composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:50 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 minutes. It was then dried at 70℃ for 30 minutes to obtain the dried polyester knitted fabric. Finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 60 s) to obtain PDMS / CNTs@PET coated fabric. Example 4

[0064] 0.05 g of graphene powder was added to 500 mL of isopropanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a graphene-isopropanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed, and the polyester knitted fabric was subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment with parameters set to 200 W power, 2 A current, and 5 mm / s processing speed to obtain pretreated polyester knitted fabric. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric was then immediately immersed in the graphene-isopropanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for another 10 min. The polyester knitted fabric with graphene powder was prepared by immersing the graphene powder-coated polyester knitted fabric in 500 mL of isopropanol and then drying it at 130℃ for 1 hour. 10 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.4 g of graphene powder were added to 500 mL of isopropanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a PDMS / C(n) isopropanol composite dispersion. The polyester knitted fabric with graphene powder was immersed in the composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:40 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min. It was then dried at 70℃ for 30 min to obtain the dried polyester knitted fabric. Finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 60 s) to obtain PDMS / C(n)@PET coated fabric. Example 5

[0065] 0.1 g of copper sulfide powder was added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a CuS ethanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed and subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma etching pretreatment using a plasma treatment machine with a power of 300 W, a current of 2 A, and a processing speed of 10 mm / s. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric was then immediately immersed in the CuS ethanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min. It was then dried at 130 °C for 1 h to obtain a polyester knitted fabric coated with copper sulfide. 20 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.4 g of... Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added to 500 mL of isopropanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a PDMS / Fe3O4 isopropanol composite dispersion. Polyester knitted fabric with copper sulfide coating was immersed in the composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min. It was then dried at 70℃ for 30 min to obtain the dried polyester knitted fabric. Finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 70 s) to obtain PDMS / CuS / Fe3O4@PET coated fabric. Example 6

[0066] 0.1 g of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a CNTs ethanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) was washed and subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma etching pretreatment with parameters set to 300 W power, 2 A current, and 10 mm / s. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric was then immediately immersed in the CNTs ethanol dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min. It was then dried at 130 °C for 1 h to obtain a polyester knitted fabric with attached carbon nanotubes. 20 g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.4 g of... Graphene was added to 500 mL of isopropanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a PDMS / C(n) isopropanol composite dispersion. Polyester knitted fabric with carbon nanotubes attached was immersed in the composite dispersion at an impregnation ratio of 1:30 and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min. It was then dried at 70 °C for 30 min to obtain the dried polyester knitted fabric. Finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric was subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 70 s) to obtain PDMS / CNTs / C(n)@PET coated fabric. Comparative Example 1

[0067] This comparative example is the original polyester fabric. Comparative Example 2

[0068] This comparative example is a PDMS-coated polyester fabric. The preparation method is as follows: 10 g of PDMS is added to 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 10 min to prepare a PDMS ethanol dispersion; a clean polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30 cm * 30 cm) is immersed in the PDMS anhydrous ethanol dispersion and ultrasonically vibrated for another 10 min, then dried at 80℃ for 30 min to obtain a polyester knitted fabric coated with PDMS; finally, the dried polyester knitted fabric is subjected to low-pressure Ar plasma treatment (power 100 W, pressure 220 Pa, treatment time 60 s) to obtain a PDMS@PET coated fabric. Comparative Example 3

[0069] This comparative example is a polyester fabric loaded with functional nanomaterials that only have photothermal properties. The preparation method is as follows: 0.1g CuS is added to 500ml of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically vibrated at room temperature for 30 min to prepare a CuS anhydrous ethanol dispersion. A polyester knitted fabric of a certain size (approximately 30cm*30cm) is washed. The parameters of the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment machine are set to power 300W, current 2A, and processing speed 2 mm / s. The polyester knitted fabric is subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment. The pretreated polyester knitted fabric is then immersed in the CuS anhydrous ethanol dispersion and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 min before drying at 60℃ for 30 min to prepare CuS@PET fabric.

[0070] Experimental Example

[0071] The original polyester fabric (i.e., Comparative Example 1), the PDMS-coated polyester fabric prepared by Comparative Example 2, the polyester fabric loaded with functional nanomaterials that only have photothermal properties prepared by Comparative Example 3, and the composite-coated polyester fabric prepared by Examples 1-6 were tested for spray resistance level, water droplet freezing time at -20℃, ice adhesion strength, and ice droplet melting time under simulated sunlight.

[0072] Spray resistance rating determination: based on standard GB / T 4745-2012 Determination of water resistance of textile fabric surface by water splash test.

[0073] -20℃ water droplet freezing time determination: After placing the fabric in a climate chamber with a temperature of -20℃ and a humidity of 50±5% for 2 hours, drop 3μL of ice water on the surface of the fabric and start timing. Use a surface tension tester to test. Due to the difference in reflectivity between ice and water, the transparent center can be seen to shift significantly. This is the start of freezing time. Record the final freezing time until the droplet is completely frozen and its shape no longer changes.

[0074] Measurement of ice droplet melting time under simulated sunlight: After ice forms on the coating surface, the surface is irradiated with a 75 W sun lamp, and the time required for the ice to melt is recorded, which is the ice melting time.

[0075] Ice adhesion strength test: Q321203CXA015-2016 "Anti-icing performance and test methods": Lay the fabric flat on the surface of the refrigeration panel (temperature -20℃), and place the fabric with an inner diameter of 1dm... 2 Place the circular metal clamp on top of the fabric and tighten it. Pour about 20 ml of water evenly onto the fabric surface and let it stand for 2-3 hours until it freezes completely. Remove the clamp and use a tensile tester to test the peel force between the ice layer and the fabric.

[0076] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1. Spray protection rating, water droplet freezing time, ice adhesion strength, and simulated sunlight melting time of polyester fabrics.

[0078]

[0079] As shown in Table 1, after impregnation-plasma treatment, the composite coated polyester fabrics prepared in Examples 1-6 (i.e., loading non-fluorine low surface energy monomers and functional nanomaterials with photothermal properties onto the surface of polyester fabrics) have efficient photothermal de-icing performance and good anti-spraying effect, with all anti-spraying levels at level 5.

[0080] The anti-spray effect on the surface of polyester fabric before and after plasma treatment in Example 1 is as follows: Figure 5 (a) Figure 5 As shown in (b), the anti-spray effect on the surface of the polyester fabric after plasma treatment in Comparative Example 2 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in (c). Comparison Figure 5 (a) Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (c) It can be seen that the surface of the polyester fabric after plasma treatment in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 has a better anti-spray effect, and the anti-spray effect of the surface of the polyester fabric after plasma treatment in Example 1 is better than that of the surface of the polyester fabric after plasma treatment in Comparative Example 2.

[0081] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a comfortable, breathable, water-repellent, and icing-resistant polyester fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Add the photothermal nanomaterial to the solvent and mix thoroughly to obtain a photothermal nanomaterial dispersion; the photothermal nanomaterial is selected from metal compounds and / or carbon-based materials, and the solvent is an anhydrous polar solvent; (2) The polyester fabric is subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment to obtain the pretreated polyester fabric. (3) The pretreated polyester fabric is immersed in the nanomaterial dispersion and ultrasonically vibrated, then dried at a temperature of 120~150℃ to obtain a polyester fabric with photothermal nanomaterials attached. (4) Add a fluorine-free low surface energy material and a photothermal nanomaterial to a solvent and mix thoroughly to obtain a composite dispersion; the fluorine-free low surface energy material is a siloxane polymer or a long-chain alkyl ester polymer. (5) The polyester fabric with photothermal nanomaterials attached is immersed in the composite dispersion and ultrasonically vibrated, then dried to obtain the dried polyester fabric. (6) The dried polyester fabric is subjected to plasma treatment to crosslink it, and thus the product is obtained.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the metal compound is selected from one or two of Fe3O4 and CuS nanoparticles, and the carbon-based material is selected from one or two of carbon nanotubes and graphene; and / or, In step (1), the anhydrous polar solvent is at least one of anhydrous alcohols, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran. In step (1), the concentration of photothermal nanomaterials in the photothermal nanomaterial dispersion is 0.01~0.5 g / L; and / or, The thorough mixing in step (1) is carried out by ultrasonic oscillation; in step (1), the ultrasonic oscillation time is 0.5~2h.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the power of the atmospheric pressure plasma surface etching pretreatment is 50~500W, the current is 0.5~3A, and the processing speed is 1~20mm / s.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the impregnation ratio is 1:20~60; and / or, In step (3), the ultrasonic oscillation time is 0.1~1h; and / or, In step (3), the drying time is 1~2 hours.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the fluorine-free low surface energy substance is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the concentration of the fluorine-free low surface energy substance in the composite dispersion is 10-50 g / L; and / or, In step (4), the photothermal nanomaterial is selected from metal compounds and / or carbon-based materials, wherein the metal compound is selected from at least one of Fe3O4 and CuS, and the carbon-based material is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene; the concentration of the photothermal nanomaterial in the composite dispersion is 0.2~1 g / L; and / or, In step (4), the solvent is an anhydrous polar solvent; and / or, The thorough mixing in step (4) is carried out by ultrasonic vibration; the ultrasonic vibration time is 0.1~0.5h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anhydrous polar solvent is at least one of anhydrous alcohols, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the impregnation ratio is 1:20~60; and / or, In step (5), the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10~30 min; and / or, In step (5), the drying temperature is 60~100℃ and the drying time is 0.5~1h.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the plasma treatment is a low-pressure plasma treatment; The low-pressure plasma treatment employs a capacitively coupled plasma discharge device or an inductively coupled plasma discharge device, using DC, pulse, corona, or radio frequency plasma discharge depending on the discharge frequency.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (6), low-pressure plasma treatment is performed using argon and / or helium; and / or, In step (6), the power of the low-pressure plasma treatment is 50~500 W, and the pressure is 60~300 Pa; and / or, In step (6), the processing time of the low-pressure plasma treatment is 10~200s.

10. A polyester fabric prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The polyester fabric has a spray protection rating of Level 5, with a water droplet freezing time ≥130s, an ice layer adhesion strength ≤2.4 KPa, and an ice droplet melting time ≤28s.

11. Use of the polyester fabric of claim 10 in the preparation of outdoor functional textiles.

12. An outdoor functional textile, characterized in that, The polyester fabric prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9 or the polyester fabric of claim 10 is prepared.

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