Apparatus and method for simulating the interaction of a main landing gear with a runway during an aircraft landing

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for simulating the action of a main landing gear and a runway during airplane landing, which comprises a model box and a loading system above the model box. The model box is an open-top box body; the loading system comprises a counter-force frame, a ring-shaped accelerating track, an electromagnetic accelerator, a loading track, a simulated wheel component and an automatic track-changing device; the ring-shaped accelerating track and the loading track each comprise a movable section and a fixed section fixed to the counter-force frame; the electromagnetic accelerator is installed on the fixed section of the ring-shaped accelerating track, and the simulated wheel component is installed on the ring-shaped accelerating track; a speed sensor is arranged on the counter-force frame corresponding to the near-movable section of the ring-shaped accelerating track, and speed, stress and acceleration sensors are arranged corresponding to the loading track; the automatic track-changing device is installed on the counter-force frame corresponding to the movable section area of the ring-shaped accelerating track and the loading track, so that the simulated wheel component accelerated enters the loading track from the ring-shaped accelerating track through the automatic track-changing device; the relative height and angle between the counter-force frame and the model box can be adjusted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of geotechnical test instruments, and particularly relates to a device and method for simulating the interaction between a main landing gear and a runway during airplane landing. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the main bearing body of an airport engineering, the runway closely interacts with airplanes, and the deformation characteristics and bearing capacity changes of the runway under the airplane load have guiding significance for the construction of the airport engineering. Under the action of the airplane load, the runway will produce local deformation, and the accumulated deformation will become larger and larger with the passage of time, and even damage will occur. On the other hand, under the action of the airplane load, local water enrichment may occur in the runway and the internal subgrade of the runway, which will weaken the engineering properties of the subgrade soil body and thus cause safety hazards and affect the airworthiness of the airplane.

[0003] The runway disaster under the action of the airplane load is highly concealed, the degree of airplane operation is high, and the maintenance window period is short, so it is crucial to timely discover potential disasters and take effective measures for prevention and treatment for the later operation and maintenance of the airport. However, there is no related means to effectively simulate the interaction between the airplane load and the runway structure and evaluate the disease. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a device and method capable of effectively simulating the interaction between the airplane load and the runway structure, and revealing the change rule of the runway performance under the action of the airplane landing load.

[0005] The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during airplane landing provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme: mainly comprising a model box and a loading system connected to the top of the model box, the landing load and the taxiing load of the runway during airplane landing are simulated through the loading system; the model box is an open-top box, and the subgrade soil body and the runway material are filled in layers in the model box; the loading system comprises a counterforce frame, a ring-shaped acceleration track, an electromagnetic accelerator, a loading track, a simulated wheel component and an automatic track changing device; the ring-shaped acceleration track and the loading track respectively comprise a movable section and a fixed section, and are respectively fixed to the counterforce frame through a connecting frame; the electromagnetic accelerator is installed on the fixed section of the ring-shaped acceleration track, and the simulated wheel component is installed on the ring-shaped acceleration track and accelerated through the electromagnetic accelerator; a speed sensor is arranged on the counterforce frame corresponding to the near-movable section of the ring-shaped acceleration track, and a speed sensor, a stress sensor and an acceleration sensor are arranged on the counterforce frame corresponding to the loading track; the automatic track changing device is installed on the counterforce frame corresponding to the movable section area of the ring-shaped acceleration track and the loading track, and the simulated wheel component enters the loading track from the ring-shaped acceleration track after acceleration through the automatic track changing device; the relative height and angle between the counterforce frame and the model box can be adjusted.

[0006] The model box is a rectangular box with an upper opening, and a pair of side walls are symmetrically connected with a strip-shaped horizontal support plate at the top of the outer side of the side walls, and a long circular hole parallel to the side wall of the model box is formed in the horizontal support plate.

[0007] The counterforce frame includes a rectangular plate and support rods connected at both ends of the rectangular plate, each support rod is independently telescopic, and the bottom of each support rod is slidably installed in the long circular hole on the horizontal support plate.

[0008] The overall shape of the annular acceleration track is an ellipse, and the movable section is a part of the straight edge section of the ellipse, and the loading track includes a continuously arranged horizontal arc section, a downward inclined section and a horizontal straight section, and the movable section is the starting section of the horizontal arc section.

[0009] The simulation wheel component includes a mounting wheel, a connecting rod and a simulation wheel, the mounting wheel is in an I-shaped structure and arranged vertically, the rim of the simulation wheel is arranged vertically, and the connecting rod is in an L-shaped structure, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the mounting wheel, and the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the axial center of the simulation wheel.

[0010] The annular acceleration track and the loading track are arranged left and right, and the positions of the movable sections of the two tracks correspond to each other; the annular acceleration track and the loading track are both single tracks, and the top sides of the two tracks are symmetrically provided with circular arc guide tracks; the simulation wheel components are arranged in pairs, and the wheel grooves of the mounting wheels of the simulation wheel components are respectively clamped with the circular arc guide tracks.

[0011] The rectangular plate of the counterforce frame is provided with a rectangular hole at the positions corresponding to the two movable sections, and an active plate is installed at the rectangular hole through a sliding rail.

[0012] The automatic rail changing device includes a driving motor and a working arm connected with the output shaft of the driving motor, the working arm includes at least one joint, and the mounting seat hinged at the end of the working arm is fixed to the active plate; the left and right positions of the active plate are changed through the movement of the working arm, so that the positions of the movable sections of the annular acceleration track and the loading track are replaced.

[0013] The electromagnetic accelerator is an electromagnetic coil cylinder, and at least two electromagnetic accelerators are arranged on the annular acceleration track; and the speed sensor is a laser sensor.

[0014] The test method for simulating the real-time action of the main landing gear of an airplane and a runway during landing provided by the application utilizes the device for simulating the action of the main landing gear of an airplane and a runway during landing, and includes the following steps:

[0015] (1) preparing a subgrade soil body and a pavement material;

[0016] (2) Fill the model box with roadbed soil and pavement material, and embed the earth pressure cell, multi-point displacement meter, pore pressure meter and concrete strain meter during the filling process;

[0017] (3) Install the speed sensor, stress sensor and acceleration sensor on the reaction frame of the installed ring-shaped acceleration track and loading track;

[0018] (4) Install the support rod of the reaction frame in the long circular hole on the horizontal support plate on the top of the model box;

[0019] (5) The automatic rail changing device works to make the ring-shaped acceleration track into the initial shape of a complete ellipse;

[0020] (6) According to the speed of the simulation wheel entering the loading track, the inclination angle of the loading track is determined, and the distance between the loading track and the pavement slab in the model box is adjusted through the support rod of the reaction frame;

[0021] (7) The simulation wheel component is installed on the fixed section of the ring-shaped acceleration track in front of the first electromagnetic accelerator;

[0022] (8) The simulation wheel component is accelerated, and when the simulation wheel component accelerates to the set speed, the automatic rail changing device works to push away the movable section of the ring-shaped acceleration track, so that the simulation wheel component enters the movable section of the loading track, and then slides on the downward inclined section and the horizontal straight section of the loading track in turn. The simulation wheel is compressed on the downward inclined section to simulate the aircraft landing load, and then enters the sliding track to simulate the sliding load after the aircraft lands;

[0023] (9) The speed sensor, stress sensor and acceleration sensor on the reaction frame corresponding to the loading track monitor the data changes of the simulation wheel during the sliding stage, and the earth pressure cell, multi-point displacement meter, pore pressure meter and concrete strain meter in the model box monitor the data changes of the runway, and the monitoring data is fed back to the main control computer for analysis to obtain the change rule of the runway structure performance.

[0024] The application fills the roadbed soil and pavement material through a model box, installs a loading system above the model, simulates the landing load and taxiing load of the runway when the airplane lands through the loading system. The counterforce frame of the loading system is used as the installation structure of the ring-shaped acceleration track, the combination track and the monitoring equipment, and the height and the inclination angle of the counterforce frame relative to the model box can be flexibly adjusted to meet the simulation test of different airplane models and different degrees of landing. The loading system is provided with the ring-shaped acceleration track and the loading track, the airplane main landing gear wheels are accelerated to the specified speed through the electromagnetic accelerator on the ring-shaped acceleration track, are transferred to the loading track through the automatic track switching device, the speed of the simulation wheels on the ring-shaped acceleration track is monitored through the monitoring equipment installed on the counterforce frame, the change process of the simulation wheels entering the loading track is monitored, the monitored data is fed back to the dynamic and static analysis system installed on the host computer, the performance change and the hidden disaster of the airport runway are obtained, the test device can fully reveal the performance change mechanism of the runway, and the obtained conclusion can be directly used in the airport runway maintenance and treatment engineering, and the vacancy of the hidden disaster test technology of the airport runway is made up. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of one embodiment of the application.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of one embodiment of the application. Figure 1 It is a schematic view after the rectangular plate of the counterforce frame is removed.

[0027] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic view of A part in Figure 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] As shown in the figure, the device for simulating the action of the main landing gear and the runway when the airplane lands disclosed in the embodiment comprises a model box 1 and a loading system 2 installed above the model box. Figure 1 It can be known that the model box 1 is a long rectangular box with an upper opening, and a strip-shaped horizontal support plate 11 is symmetrically connected to the top of one pair of side walls of the model box, and a long circular hole is formed in the horizontal support plate along the length direction of the horizontal support plate.

[0029] Figures 1 to 3 The loading system 2 comprises a rectangular plate 21, a support rod 22, a ring-shaped acceleration track 23, an electromagnetic accelerator 24, a loading track 25 and an automatic track switching device.

[0030] The rectangular plate 21 and the support rod 22 connected to the two ends of the rectangular plate 21 form a counterforce frame, and the lower end of the support rod 22 is slidably installed in the long circular hole on the horizontal support plate 11.

[0031] Each support rod 22 can be independently extended and retracted to flexibly adjust the distance between the rectangular plate 21 and the model box and the different inclination angles of the rectangular plate.

[0032] Each support rod 22 can be independently extended and retracted to flexibly adjust the distance between the rectangular plate 21 and the model box and the different inclination angles of the rectangular plate. ​​

[0033] The hydraulic support rod which can be automatically extended is used as the support rod in this embodiment.

[0034] The annular acceleration track 23 and the loading track 25 are both single tracks, and the top of each track is provided with symmetrical circular arc guide tracks.

[0035] The overall shape of the annular acceleration track 23 is elliptical, and the movable section is a part of the straight edge section of the ellipse.

[0036] The electromagnetic accelerator 24 is an electromagnetic coil cylinder, and at least two electromagnetic accelerators are arranged on the annular acceleration track 23, and different numbers of electromagnetic accelerators can be arranged according to different types of simulation wheels.

[0037] The loading track 25 includes continuously arranged horizontal arc sections, downward inclined sections and horizontal straight sections, and the movable section is the starting section of the horizontal arc section.

[0038] The annular acceleration track 23 and the loading track 25 are arranged on the left and right sides, and the annular acceleration track 23 and the loading track 25 are respectively connected to the lower side of the rectangular plate 21 of the counterforce frame through V-shaped frames, and the positions of the movable sections of the two tracks correspond to each other.

[0039] The rectangular plate 21 is provided with a rectangular hole corresponding to the movable section area of the annular acceleration track 23 and the loading track 25, and the movable plate HDB is mounted on the rectangular hole through a sliding rail.

[0040] The automatic rail changing device includes a driving motor 26 and an operation arm 27 connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 26, and the operation arm includes at least one joint, and the mounting seat 28 hingedly connected to the end of the operation arm is fixed to the movable plate HDB.

[0041] The simulation wheel component of the main landing gear wheel of the airplane is mounted on the annular acceleration track 23.

[0042] The simulation wheel component includes a mounting wheel 29, a connecting rod 210 and a simulation wheel 211, the mounting wheel 29 is in an I-shaped structure and arranged vertically, the rim of the simulation wheel 211 is arranged vertically, and the connecting rod 210 is in an L-shaped structure, the upper end of which is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the mounting wheel 29, and the lower end is connected to the axial center of the simulation wheel 211.

[0043] The inner core of the simulation wheel 211 is an iron core, and the outer rim is made of the same material as the main landing gear wheel of the airplane.

[0044] When the simulation wheel component is installed in pairs, the wheel grooves of the two mounting wheels 29 are respectively engaged with the circular arc guide tracks of the annular acceleration track 23, and the simulation wheels 211 are located below the annular acceleration track.

[0045] The speed sensor 3 is fixed above the movable section of the annular acceleration track 23 on the lower side of the rectangular plate 21 of the counterforce frame.

[0046] The lower side of the rectangular plate 21 of the counterforce frame is fixed with a speed sensor, a stress sensor and an acceleration sensor respectively above the loading track 25.

[0047] The initial state of the annular acceleration track of the device is that the movable section and the fixed section are assembled, and the movable section of the loading track is separated from the fixed section.

[0048] The process of simulating the real-time action of the main landing gear and the runway during the landing of the aircraft by using the above device is as follows:

[0049] The two layers of soil and pavement materials are filled in the model box in sequence to simulate the field road structure, and the soil is compacted to the specified thickness in sequence.

[0050] The data monitoring equipment is arranged under the pavement slab: multiple soil pressure gauges and multi-point displacement meters, pore pressure gauges. Multiple concrete strain gauges are arranged on the pavement slab.

[0051] When simulating, each layer of soil must be leveled after filling, and then a compaction plate slightly smaller than the size of the inner cavity of the box is laid, and then the compaction plate is loaded by a jack, and then the compaction device and the compaction plate are removed after compaction is completed, and then the next layer of soil is filled and compacted.

[0052] After the compaction of the two layers of subgrade soil is completed, the pavement material is laid and the pavement material is cured into a pavement structure.

[0053] The specific steps of simulating the dynamic interaction between the runway and the main landing gear during the landing of the aircraft by using the device are described in detail below, taking the size of the model box as 1500mm×1500mm×1200mm as an example.

[0054] The thickness of each layer of subgrade soil in the model box is determined to be 450mm for the bottom layer and the top layer respectively, and the thickness of the pavement material is 200mm.

[0055] I. Subgrade performance test:

[0056] (1) Prepare the subgrade soil and pavement material required for the test. The subgrade soil and pavement material are consistent with the actual engineering of the airport subgrade and pavement. In this embodiment, mountain stone material is used as the pavement material;

[0057] (2) Load the bottom layer of subgrade soil into the model box. The bottom layer and the top layer of subgrade soil are divided into three times of loading. After filling the soil once, the soil surface is leveled and a compaction plate is laid to compact the soil to 150mm.

[0058] (3) When compacting, load the compaction plate by a hydraulic jack to compact the soil to the specified thickness, and then remove the compaction plate.

[0059] (4) On the top layer of subgrade soil, 5 YT-200G strain micro soil pressure gauges, BFDWJ vibrating wire multi-point displacement gauges and pore pressure gauges are evenly arranged.

[0060] (5) After the surface of the soil is leveled, 200mm pavement material is laid and cured.

[0061] (6) On the underside of the rectangular plate of the reaction frame, three sensors, i.e. a speed sensor, a stress sensor and an acceleration sensor, are evenly fixed above the loading track, wherein the speed sensor is a laser sensor, to monitor the speed and acceleration changes of the simulation wheel during the landing process of the simulation aircraft main landing gear.

[0062] (7) The data lines of all monitoring devices are connected to the DM-YB1820 dynamic and static test analysis system, which is composed of a data acquisition instrument and a self-provided data recording software. The data recording software is installed in a computer, the data acquisition instrument and the data recording software are connected, the data sampling frequency is set to 100Hz, the test analysis system is debugged, and it is ensured that the data recording software can collect test data.

[0063] (8) According to the landing speed of the aircraft, the distance of the loading track from the pavement plate and the slope of the loading track are calculated, and the position of the reaction frame is adjusted and fixed.

[0064] (9) All monitoring devices, automatic track changing devices and main control computers are debugged, the sensing frequency of the speed sensor is set according to the calculated speed of the aircraft, and it is ensured that the electromagnetic accelerator and the monitoring devices and automatic track changing devices operate normally.

[0065] (10) The loading system is connected to the power supply. When the simulation wheel component is accelerated once by the electromagnetic accelerator, the speed sensor 3 above the annular acceleration track detects that the simulation wheel is accelerated to the specified speed, the drive motor of the automatic track changing device works to make the working arm act, the movable section of the annular acceleration track is pushed away to the right, and at the same time, the movable section of the loading track is moved to the right to the end to be connected with the fixed section of the annular acceleration track at one end and the arc section of the fixed section of the loading track at the other end, so that the simulation wheel component is transferred to the loading track to slide.

[0066] On the downward inclined section of the loading track, the simulation wheel is continuously pressed to simulate the landing of the aircraft, and then enters the horizontal track to simulate the sliding of the aircraft. The sensors in step (6) feed the detection data to the main control computer.

[0067] (11) Different simulation wheels are replaced, the slope of the loading track is changed by adjusting the support rods of the reaction frame, and step (10) is repeated.

[0068] (12) The loading system is removed, and the SIR-3000 portable ground penetrating radar is used to perform non-destructive detection on the surface of the pavement plate to collect waveforms.

[0069] (13) Adjust the position of the counterforce frame on the pavement slab, i.e. change the landing point of the airplane, and perform tests according to the above steps to reflect the dynamic response of the subgrade at different landing points.

[0070] II. Analysis

[0071] According to the test data reflected by each monitoring device during each loading, load-displacement curves, load-strain curves, load-stress curves, load-pore pressure curves and load-acceleration curves are drawn.

[0072] According to the curves, the performance evolution law of the pavement structure is analyzed.

[0073] The maximum stress point and the maximum settlement point of the pavement structure under the action of the airplane load are found out, the deformation law and the bearing capacity of the pavement are analyzed, and technical basis is provided for the long-term service performance sensing and disaster prevention measures of the airport pavement.

[0074] The present application discloses the interaction law of the airport pavement under the action of the airplane landing load by setting data monitoring devices under the pavement structure. The interaction between the airplane landing load and the runway structure is simulated by a load applying device. The monitoring devices are arranged under the pavement structure and on the pavement slab, including soil pressure gauges for testing the change law of the soil pressure under the airplane load condition, multi-point displacement gauges for testing the deformation law of the soil under the airplane load condition, and concrete strain gauges for testing the deformation law of the pavement slab under the airplane load condition. The data lines of the monitoring devices are connected to a dynamic and static analysis system to automatically collect the test data, and the performance change and hidden disasters of the airport runway can be obtained by analyzing the test data. The test is close to the actual airport engineering, has the advantages of high precision and simple operation, the test device disclosed by the present application can fully reveal the performance change mechanism of the pavement, and the obtained conclusion can be directly applied to the airport pavement maintenance and treatment engineering, and the vacancy of the test technology of the hidden disasters of the airport pavement is filled.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing, characterized in that: The device mainly consists of a model box and a loading system connected to it, which simulates the landing load and taxiing load on the runway when an aircraft lands. The model box is an open-top box, with the roadbed soil and pavement material filled in layers inside; the loading system includes a reaction frame, a circular acceleration track, an electromagnetic accelerator, a loading track, simulated wheel components, and an automatic track-changing device. The circular acceleration track and the loading track each include a movable section and a fixed section, which are fixed to the reaction frame by connecting frames. The electromagnetic accelerator is installed on the fixed section of the circular acceleration track, and the simulated wheel component is installed on the circular acceleration track and accelerated by the electromagnetic accelerator. The overall shape of the circular acceleration track is elliptical, and its movable segment is a part of the straight side segment of the ellipse. The loading track includes a continuously arranged horizontal arc segment, a downward inclined segment and a horizontal straight segment, and its movable segment is the starting segment of the horizontal arc segment. The simulated wheel component includes a mounting wheel, a connecting rod, and a simulated wheel. The mounting wheel has an I-shaped structure and is arranged vertically. The rim of the simulated wheel is arranged vertically. The connecting rod is L-shaped, with its upper end connected to the center of the bottom surface of the mounting wheel and its lower end connected to the axial center of the simulated wheel. The circular acceleration track and the loading track are arranged left and right, with their moving sections corresponding to each other; both the circular acceleration track and the loading track are single tracks, with symmetrical arc-shaped guide tracks on both sides of their top; the simulated wheel components are arranged in pairs, and the wheel grooves of their mounting wheels respectively engage with the arc-shaped guide tracks. A speed sensor is installed on the reaction frame near the moving section corresponding to the circular acceleration track, and a speed sensor, stress sensor and acceleration sensor are installed on the loading track. The automatic track-changing device is installed on the reaction frame in the active section area corresponding to the circular acceleration track and the loading track. The automatic track-changing device enables the simulated wheel component to accelerate and then enter the loading track from the circular acceleration track. The relative height and angle between the reaction frame and the model box can be adjusted.

2. The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The model box is a rectangular box with an opening at the top. A pair of horizontal support plates are symmetrically connected to the top outer sides of its side walls. The horizontal support plates have elongated holes parallel to the side walls of the model box.

3. The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction frame includes a rectangular plate and support rods connected to its two ends. Each support rod can be extended and retracted independently, and the bottom of each support rod can be slidably installed in an elongated hole in the horizontal support plate.

4. The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The rectangular plate of the reaction frame has rectangular holes in the corresponding two movable section areas, and a movable plate is installed at the rectangular hole via a slide rail.

5. The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic track changing device includes a drive motor and a working arm connected to its output shaft. The working arm includes at least one joint, and a mounting seat hinged to the end of the working arm is fixed to the movable plate. The left and right positions of the movable plate are changed by the movement of the working arm to realize the position change of the movable sections of the circular acceleration track and the loading track.

6. The device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic accelerator is an electromagnetic coil tube, and at least two electromagnetic accelerators are set on the annular acceleration track; the speed sensor is a laser sensor.

7. A test method for simulating the real-time interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing, utilizing the device for simulating the interaction between the main landing gear and the runway during aircraft landing as described in claim 2, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare the subgrade soil and pavement materials; (2) Fill the model box with roadbed soil and pavement material, and install earth pressure gauges, multi-point displacement gauges, pore pressure gauges and concrete strain gauges during the filling process; (3) Install speed sensors, stress sensors and acceleration sensors on the reaction frame on which the circular acceleration track and loading track are installed; (4) Install the support rod of the reaction frame into the elongated hole on the horizontal support plate at the top of the model box; (5) The automatic track changing device works to make the circular acceleration track a complete elliptical initial shape; (6) Determine the tilt angle of the loading track based on the speed at which the simulation wheel enters the loading track, and adjust the distance between the loading track and the middle track panel of the model box by means of the support rod of the reaction frame; (7) The simulated wheel component is installed on the fixed section of the circular acceleration track in front of the first electromagnetic accelerator; (8) Accelerate the simulated wheel component. When the simulated wheel component accelerates to the set speed, the automatic track changing device works to push open the movable section of the circular acceleration track so that the simulated wheel component can enter the loading track. (9) The speed sensor, stress sensor and acceleration sensor at the corresponding loading track on the reaction frame monitor the data changes during the simulated wheel sliding stage. The earth pressure gauge, multi-point displacement gauge, pore pressure gauge and concrete strain gauge in the model box monitor the data changes of the runway and feed the monitoring data back to the main control computer for analysis to obtain the runway structural performance change law.

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