A wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for use in icy conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environment and relates to the technical field of wind speed and direction measurement. The device comprises a first bluff body, a second bluff body, a wind speed measuring instrument and a wind direction measuring instrument. The first bluff body is located above the second bluff body, and a gap is formed between the first bluff body and the second bluff body, which forms an air inlet channel. The wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument are arranged at the air inlet channel. Alternatively, the lower surface of the first bluff body is provided with a wind speed measuring hole array and a wind direction sensing hole array, and the wind speed measuring hole array and the wind direction sensing hole array are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the first bluff body. The wind speed measuring instrument is arranged at the wind speed measuring hole array, and the wind direction measuring instrument is arranged at the wind direction sensing hole array. The device forms a pneumatic boundary layer through the first bluff body and the second bluff body, and the wind speed measuring hole array and the wind direction sensing hole array are hiddenly arranged on the lower surface of the first bluff body, so that the influence of icing on the reliability of the wind speed and direction measurement results can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind speed and direction measurement technology, and in particular to a wind speed and direction measurement device suitable for icing environments. Background Technology

[0002] In my country, wind turbines are mostly installed in the harsh, perennially icy and snowy northern regions and along the coast where humidity and salt spray are severe. Freezing can cause anemometers and wind vanes to malfunction or increase the error in the collected data, leading to a decrease in turbine output or even shutdown. Anemometers and wind vanes, as sensors for collecting wind speed and direction, are generally designed with internal heating devices to adapt to low-temperature environments, automatically heating themselves when the temperature drops below a set value. However, the heating circuit typically only heats the rotating parts of the sensor. When freezing is severe, parts such as the wind vane and tail rudder can still freeze, increasing the rotational inertia of these components and causing a significant deviation between the sensor readings and the actual values. Since wind speed and direction data are related to the turbine's control, inaccurate wind speed and direction measurements caused by freezing can significantly impact the turbine's output and safety.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous increase in my country's installed wind power capacity and policy guidance, wind farm construction has gradually shifted towards areas with weak winds, with Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan being the most prominent. Wind farms in these regions are typically built in mountainous areas, lake areas, and river valleys. These mountainous and lakeous areas experience freezing rain in early winter and late winter / early spring each year, with Guizhou experiencing it most frequently. Freezing rain is composed of a mixture of ice and water. It remains supercooled in air slightly below 0°C, appearing the same as ordinary raindrops. However, when it comes into contact with an object with a temperature below 0°C, it freezes immediately, forming a smooth and transparent layer of ice, known as rime ice.

[0004] When a wind farm is subjected to prolonged freezing rain, the wind measurement channel of the ultrasonic anemometer will freeze. By checking the data from the wind farm's central control system, it can be found that the data output by the ultrasonic anemometer is invalid, meaning that the ultrasonic anemometer can no longer work normally. In addition, it takes a long time for the ultrasonic anemometer to return to normal operation after the freezing rain ends.

[0005] This demonstrates that wind speed and direction measuring instruments suffer from poor data reliability in icy environments. To ensure the reliability of wind speed measuring instruments under extreme weather conditions, the current approach involves electrically heating key components for anti-icing. In 2022, the Harbin Meteorological Bureau deployed eight sets of heated wind speed and direction sensors and two sets of ultrasonic sensor systems. These systems automatically activate the heating function under low-temperature conditions, enabling normal observations even in extreme conditions such as -40℃ and freezing rain. However, the electric heating protection of these instruments also presents challenges, including high protection power requirements, questionable reliability in extremely cold or sleet-like weather, and limited space for heating equipment placement. These limitations restrict the effective anti-icing of wind speed and direction measuring instruments in high-wind-speed, low-temperature, and high-moisture-content environments.

[0006] Therefore, providing a wind speed and direction measurement scheme suitable for icing environments to achieve reliable wind speed and direction measurement in harsh environments is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention discloses a wind speed and wind direction measuring device suitable for icing environments, in order to solve the technical problem that the reliability of measurement data is reduced in related wind speed measuring devices under icing conditions.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] This invention relates to a wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icing environments, comprising a first blunt body, a second blunt body, a wind speed measuring instrument, and a wind direction measuring instrument. The first blunt body is located above the second blunt body, and a gap exists between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, forming an air intake channel. The wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument are disposed at the air intake channel. Alternatively, the lower surface of the first blunt body is provided with an array of wind speed measuring holes and an array of wind direction sensing holes, and the array of wind speed measuring holes and the array of wind direction sensing holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the first blunt body. The wind speed measuring instrument is arranged at the array of wind speed measuring holes, and the wind direction measuring instrument is arranged at the array of wind direction sensing holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the first blunt body is larger than the diameter of the second blunt body, the first blunt body and the second blunt body are coaxial, and the dimensions of the first blunt body satisfy: D1 > 10h and D1 = 0.5~1d, h1 > 0.5D1; the dimensions of the second blunt body satisfy: 10h < D2 < 0.8D1, h2 > 0.5D2; where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, D1 is the diameter of the first blunt body, h1 is the height of the first blunt body, D2 is the diameter of the second blunt body, h2 is the height of the second blunt body, and d is the laminar boundary layer thickness.

[0011] Furthermore, the first blunt body has an internally hollow structure, and an aerodynamic measurement surface protruding into the interior of the first blunt body is provided at the center of the lower surface of the first blunt body, and the wind speed measurement hole array is provided on the aerodynamic measurement surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the dimensions of the pneumatic measurement surface satisfy: 0.5h≤h3≤2h, l1≥6h3, where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, h3 is the height of the maximum concavity depth of the pneumatic measurement surface, and l1 is the diameter of the maximum width of the pneumatic measurement surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the wind speed measuring hole array comprises 3 to 10 groups, and the wind speed measuring hole array is rotationally symmetrically distributed. Each group of the wind speed measuring hole array includes 2 to 7 pressure measuring holes. Each group of the wind direction sensing hole array includes multiple wind direction sensing holes. A sensing hole groove is formed above the wind direction sensing hole array. The sensing hole groove is connected to the wind direction sensing holes. A lightweight air pressure sensitive float is also provided in the sensing hole groove. The lightweight air pressure sensitive float moves in the sensing hole groove based on the pressure difference in the sensing hole groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance between the wind direction sensing hole array and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body satisfies: l2 > 2h, where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, and l2 is the distance between the wind direction sensing hole array and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body.

[0015] Furthermore, the wind speed measuring hole array is a group of 3 to 7 pressure measuring holes; the wind direction measuring instrument is a wind direction sensor, the aerodynamic measuring surface and the wind direction sensor are rotatably disposed in the hollow structure inside the first blunt body, and the aerodynamic measuring surface is rotatably connected to the first blunt body through a central axis, and the wind direction sensor is fixedly connected to the central axis through a connector, and the wind direction sensor moves inside the first blunt body based on the pressure difference inside the first blunt body.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper surface of the first blunt body is an inclined structure, and a photothermal sensitive material layer is also provided on the upper surface of the first blunt body. The photothermal sensitive material layer is formed by coating the upper surface of the first blunt body with a photothermal sensitive material.

[0017] Furthermore, a water-controlling eave is provided on the circumferential direction of the lower surface of the first blunt body, and the dimensions of the water-controlling eave satisfy: h4 < 0.5h, 0.5h < l3 < 2h; where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, h4 is the thickness of the water-controlling eave, and l3 is the width of the water-controlling eave.

[0018] Furthermore, a first electric heating component is provided on the water control eaves; and / or a second electric heating component and a drain hole component are provided on the second blunt body, wherein the second electric heating component and the drain hole component are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the second blunt body.

[0019] The technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention relates to a wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icing environments, comprising a first blunt body, a second blunt body, an anemometer, and a wind direction measuring instrument. The first and second blunt bodies are arranged vertically, with a gap between them forming an air intake channel. The anemometer and wind direction measuring instrument are located at the air intake channel. Alternatively, the lower surface of the first blunt body is provided with an array of anemometer holes and an array of wind direction sensing holes, with the anemometer arranged at the array of anemometer holes and the wind direction measuring instrument arranged at the array of wind direction sensing holes. When measuring wind speed and direction... During measurement, as the airflow passes through the first and second blunt bodies, due to the characteristics of gas flow, the gas separates from the surfaces of the first and second blunt bodies. Meanwhile, cloud and fog particles with poor following properties in the airflow collide with the first and second blunt bodies and cannot enter the air intake channel. Placing the anemometer and wind direction meter at the air intake channel or inside the first blunt body can reduce the content of cloud and fog particles entering the measurement channel, thereby reducing the risk of icing at the measurement channel and improving the reliability of the measurement results of the anemometer and wind direction meter.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to wind speed and wind direction measuring devices in icing environments. Compared with the existing technology that uses electric heating for protection, the device of the present invention can achieve anti-icing without heating, which has the advantages of low energy consumption and no limitation on heating power. It can also achieve effective anti-icing in more extreme environments. Moreover, the first and second blunt bodies of the present invention are located outside the wind speed and wind direction measuring instruments, which also has the advantage of not being limited by the internal space of the wind speed and wind direction measuring instruments.

[0022] This invention relates to a wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icy environments. By setting a first blunt body and a second blunt body, and placing the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument in the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, or by hiding the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument inside the first blunt body, the impact of icing on the reliability of wind speed and direction measurement results can be reduced. At the same time, the influence of the external environment on the measurement channel can also be reduced, thus solving the technical problem of reduced reliability of measurement data in wind speed measuring devices in icy environments in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icing environments according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the first blunt body according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the first blunt body in the embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icing environments according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first blunt body according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the wind speed and direction measuring device applicable to icing environments according to the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the first blunt body in the embodiment of this application.

[0031] In the figure: 100, first blunt body; 110, wind speed measuring hole array; 111, pressure measuring hole; 120, wind direction sensing hole array; 121, wind direction sensing hole; 130, aerodynamic measurement surface; 140, sensing hole groove; 141, lightweight air pressure sensitive float; 150, wind direction sensor; 160, central shaft; 170, connector; 180, inclined structure; 190, water control eaves; 200, second blunt body; 300, air intake channel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0033] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0034] Among related technologies, the method of preventing icing by electric heating has problems such as high requirements for protection power, doubts about the reliability of protection in extremely cold weather or sleet, and limited space for the arrangement of heating materials. These limitations restrict the effective anti-icing of wind speed and direction measuring instruments in high wind speed, low temperature, and high water content environments.

[0035] Therefore, this application provides a solution for anti-icing without the need for electric heating. Specifically, this application applies to a wind speed and direction measuring device for icing environments, including a first blunt body, a second blunt body, a wind speed measuring instrument, and a wind direction measuring instrument. The wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument are disposed in the gap between the first blunt body and the second blunt body, or the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument are built into the first blunt body. By arranging the first blunt body and the second blunt body vertically, an aerodynamic boundary layer is constructed to reduce the amount of cloud and fog particles contained in the airflow entering the measuring channel, thereby reducing the risk of icing in the measuring channel.

[0036] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 7 The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments provided in this application will be described in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0037] This embodiment is applicable to a wind speed and direction measuring device in icing environments, including a first blunt body 100, a second blunt body 200, a wind speed measuring instrument, and a wind direction measuring instrument. A blunt body refers to a non-streamlined structure in fluid mechanics, such as a cylindrical structure and a sphere. Figure 1 A schematic diagram is shown showing that the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 are cylindrical structures. The anemometer can be a measuring device in the prior art, such as an ultrasonic anemometer, a fixed barometric anemometer, or a rotary barometric anemometer; the wind direction measuring device can be a measuring device in the prior art, such as a barometric float or a wind direction sensor.

[0038] The first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 are arranged vertically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown. The following explanation will take the example of the first blunt body 100 being located above the second blunt body 200.

[0039] The first blunt body 100 is located above the second blunt body 200, and there is a gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, which forms an air intake channel 300. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown. An anemometer and a wind direction meter are located at the air intake channel 300; or, an array of anemometer holes 110 and an array of wind direction sensors 120 are provided on the lower surface of the first blunt body 100, and both the array of anemometer holes 110 and the array of wind direction sensors 120 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the first blunt body 100. An anemometer is arranged at the array of anemometer holes 110, and a wind direction meter is arranged at the array of wind direction sensors 120, as shown. Figures 2-7 As shown.

[0040] When the anemometer is an ultrasonic anemometer, it can be positioned in the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, creating a low-moisture-content airflow region through the interaction of the two bodies. Similarly, the wind direction meter can also be an ultrasonic wind vane, which can also be located in the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200. Both the ultrasonic anemometer and the ultrasonic wind vane can use existing structures, and their measurement principles will not be elaborated here.

[0041] When the anemometer is a fixed barometric anemometer or a rotary barometric anemometer, the fixed or rotary barometric anemometer is housed in the wind speed measuring aperture array 110 located inside the first blunt body 100. Correspondingly, the wind direction meter is also located in the wind direction sensing aperture array 120 located inside the first blunt body 100. The specific structure of the wind direction meter is detailed below. The fixed and rotary barometric anemometers can be of existing structures, and their measurement principles will not be elaborated here.

[0042] This embodiment is applicable to wind speed and direction measurement devices in icing environments. The wind speed measurement principle is as follows: Before practical application, a standard database of wind speed and pressure under a single wind direction is established. Then, during actual detection, the detected pressure data is compared with the data stored in the standard database to obtain the current wind speed. By establishing a standard database, the influence of the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 on the airflow can be reduced, resulting in highly reliable measurement results.

[0043] When measuring wind speed and direction, as the airflow passes over the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, due to the characteristics of gas flow, the gas separates from the surfaces of the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200. Meanwhile, cloud and fog particles with poor following properties collide with the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, preventing them from entering the air intake channel 300. This reduces the content of cloud and fog particles entering the air intake channel 300. Placing the anemometer and wind direction meter at the air intake channel or inside the first blunt body 100 can further reduce the content of cloud and fog particles entering the measurement channel, thereby reducing the risk of icing at the measurement channel and improving the reliability of the measurement results.

[0044] This embodiment achieves the purpose of preventing icing of the wind speed measuring hole array 110 and the wind direction sensing hole array 120 by constructing a blunt body structure. Compared with the electric heating protection method used in the prior art, the device of this embodiment can achieve anti-icing without heating, which has the advantages of low energy consumption and no limitation of heating power. It can also achieve effective anti-icing in more extreme environments. Moreover, the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 of this embodiment are located outside the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument, which also has the advantage of not being limited by the internal space of the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument.

[0045] This embodiment is applicable to wind speed and direction measurement devices in icy environments. By setting up a first blunt body 100 and a second blunt body 200, and placing the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument in the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, or by hiding the wind speed measuring instrument and the wind direction measuring instrument inside the first blunt body 100, the impact of icing on the reliability of wind speed and direction measurement results can be reduced. At the same time, the influence of the external environment on the measurement channel can also be reduced, thus solving the technical problem of reduced reliability of measurement data in wind speed measuring devices in icy environments in related technologies.

[0046] On the other hand, the wind speed measuring hole array 110 and the wind direction sensing hole array 120 are both uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the first blunt body 100, which helps to improve the reliability of the measurement results.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the first blunt body 100 is larger than the diameter of the second blunt body 200, and the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 are coaxial. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the diameter of the first blunt body 100 is larger than that of the second blunt body 200, and the two are coaxially arranged. This avoids water droplets generated when poorly following cloud particles in the airflow collide with the first blunt body 100 falling onto the upper surface of the second blunt body 200, thus increasing the risk of icing on the upper surface of the second blunt body 200. Furthermore, the increased risk of icing on the upper surface of the second blunt body 200 not only increases the power consumption of the second electric heating component in the second blunt body 200, but also reduces the size of the air intake channel 300, thereby affecting the airflow entering the wind speed measurement hole array 110 and the wind direction sensing hole array 120, and reducing the reliability of the detection results.

[0048] Preferably, the dimensions of the first blunt body 100 satisfy: D1 > 10h and D1 = 0.5~1d, h1 > 0.5D1; the dimensions of the second blunt body 200 satisfy: 10h < D2 < 0.8D1, h2 > 0.5D2; where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, D1 is the diameter of the first blunt body 100, h1 is the height of the first blunt body 100, D2 is the diameter of the second blunt body 200, h2 is the height of the second blunt body 200, and d is the laminar boundary layer thickness. The laminar boundary layer thickness can be obtained based on existing empirical formulas. For example, when the wind speed is 5m / s, the corresponding laminar boundary layer thickness is 10cm. Specifically, h is usually set to 2~15mm to ensure that the entire measuring device maintains appropriate dimensions. The dimensions of the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 conform to the laminar boundary layer theory. Therefore, they not only help to form airflow with low cloud and fog particle content, but also reduce the change in airflow velocity when passing through the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, thereby reducing the influence of the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200 on the airflow velocity. This can reduce the change in airflow velocity entering the wind speed measurement hole array 110 and the wind direction sensing hole array 120, and improve measurement accuracy and reliability.

[0049] According to a preferred embodiment, the first blunt body 100 has an internally hollow structure, such as... Figures 4-7 As shown. The first blunt body 100 has a hollow structure to conceal the anemometer and wind direction meter within it, reducing the impact of the external environment on them. Preferably, an aerodynamic measurement surface 130 protruding into the interior of the first blunt body 100 is provided at the center of its lower surface, and the anemometer hole array 110 is disposed on the aerodynamic measurement surface 130, as shown. Figures 4-7 As shown. The aerodynamic measurement surface 130 is aerodynamically swirled configuration. By setting the wind speed measurement aperture array 110 on the aerodynamic measurement surface 130, the airflow entering each wind speed measurement aperture array 110 can have a pressure difference, that is, the pressure data collected by the anemometer (such as a differential pressure sensor) is different, so the wind speed value can be determined based on the relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed.

[0050] Preferably, the dimensions of the pneumatic measuring surface 130 satisfy: 0.5h ≤ h3 ≤ 2h, l1 ≥ 6h3, where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, h3 is the height of the maximum recess depth of the pneumatic measuring surface 130, and l1 is the diameter of the maximum width of the pneumatic measuring surface 130. More preferably, the width of the pneumatic measuring surface 130 is smaller than the diameter of the second blunt body 200, thereby ensuring that the pneumatic measuring surface 130 has sufficient width to ensure adequate utilization, while also preventing external airflow from interfering with the airflow entering the wind speed measuring aperture array 110. On the other hand, the pneumatic measurement surface 130 conforms to the above-mentioned dimensional design, which can avoid the generation of airflow separation or turbulence caused by excessive curvature of the pneumatic measurement surface 130, thereby changing the pressure distribution on the pneumatic measurement surface 130 and affecting the reliability of the measurement results; it can also avoid the excessive geometric constraint of the surface on the airflow in areas with large curvature of the pneumatic measurement surface 130, which would cause uneven pressure distribution on the pneumatic measurement surface 130, resulting in local pressure increases or decreases, and causing deviations in the measurement results.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment, the wind speed measuring hole array 110 comprises 3 to 10 groups, and the wind speed measuring hole array 110 is rotationally symmetrically distributed. Each group of wind speed measuring hole array 110 includes 2 to 7 pressure measuring holes 111, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. By setting up multiple sets of velocity measurement hole arrays, and each set of wind speed measurement hole array 110 includes multiple pressure measurement holes 111, the reliability of the measurement results can be improved by measuring multiple sets of pressure data.

[0052] Preferably, when the wind speed measuring hole array 110 consists of 3 to 10 groups, the sensors arranged within it are typically fixed barometric pressure wind speed sensors. Fixed barometric pressure wind speed sensors usually require a large number of measuring holes to introduce sufficient airflow to avoid errors caused by blockages due to pollutants, rainwater, etc.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, each wind direction sensing aperture array 120 includes a plurality of wind direction sensing apertures 121. A sensing aperture groove 140 is formed above the wind direction sensing aperture array 120, communicating with the wind direction sensing apertures 121. A lightweight pressure-sensitive float 141 is also disposed within the sensing aperture groove 140. The lightweight pressure-sensitive float 141 moves within the sensing aperture groove 140 based on the pressure difference within the sensing aperture groove 140. Figure 4 or Figure 5As shown. Preferably, the lightweight pressure-sensitive float 141 is composed of aerogel as the main material and a lightweight gas (hydrogen, helium) capsule, with a density consistent with air. Its position can be monitored using common optical, resistive, and inductive methods. Specifically, in the presence of airflow, the wind direction sensing aperture array 120 and the sensing aperture slot 140 exchange air. The lower pressure side exhausts air, while the higher pressure side intakes air. The lightweight pressure-sensitive float 141 in the sensing aperture slot 140 moves freely within the sensing aperture slot 140 due to the pressure difference and is quickly stabilized on the windward side by the pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides. Thus, the wind direction can be determined by monitoring the position of the lightweight pressure-sensitive float 141.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the distance between the wind direction sensing aperture array 120 and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body 100 satisfies: l2 > 2h, where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, and l2 is the distance between the wind direction sensing aperture array 120 and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body 100. When the airflow passes through the aerodynamic measurement surface 130, a boundary layer is formed. Specifically, the boundary layer is a layer of fluid close to the surface of the aerodynamic measurement surface 130. Phenomena such as velocity gradient, turbulence, and pressure changes exist at the boundary layer. Setting the distance between the wind direction sensing aperture array 120 and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body 100 to satisfy l2 > 2h can reduce the influence of the fluid at the boundary layer and the aerodynamic measurement surface 130 itself on the sensor data acquisition, thereby obtaining more accurate measurement results.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment, the wind speed measuring hole array 110 is a group, and the wind speed measuring hole array 110 includes 3 to 7 pressure measuring holes 111, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown. Preferably, when the wind speed measuring aperture array 110 is in one group, the sensor arranged within it is a rotary barometric anemometer. For the rotary barometric anemometer, setting fewer wind speed measuring aperture arrays 110 is beneficial for the rotary barometric anemometer to quickly sense changes in wind speed and improve the accuracy of the measurement.

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment, the wind direction measuring instrument is a wind direction sensor 150. An aerodynamic measuring surface 130 and the wind direction sensor 150 are rotatably disposed within a hollow structure inside a first blunt body 100. The aerodynamic measuring surface 130 is rotatably connected to the first blunt body 100 via a central shaft 160. The wind direction sensor 150 is fixedly connected to the central shaft 160 via a connector 170. The wind direction sensor 150 moves within the first blunt body 100 based on the pressure difference within the first blunt body 100. Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown. The wind direction sensor 150 can be in the form of a common control surface, wind cup, wind cap, etc. Specifically, there is a gap between the aerodynamic measurement surface 130 and the first blunt body 100 so that the aerodynamic measurement surface 130 can rotate. Preferably, the gap between the two is extremely small, just enough to allow the aerodynamic measurement surface 130 to rotate, avoiding the rotation of the aerodynamic measurement surface 130 from causing disturbance to the airflow. When there is airflow, the hollow structure inside the wind direction sensing hole array 120 and the first blunt body 100 is ventilated, with the lower pressure on the windward side for exhaust and the higher pressure on the leeward side for intake. The wind direction sensor 150 in the hollow structure is subjected to the pressure difference and moves freely within the hollow structure of the sensing hole groove 140. Driven by the pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides, it quickly stabilizes on the leeward side, thereby determining the wind direction by monitoring the position of the wind direction sensor 150.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the first blunt body 100 is an inclined structure 180, and the inclined direction of the inclined structure 180 is: from the center of the upper surface of the first blunt body 100 downwards towards the edge of the first blunt body 100, such as... Figure 1 , Figures 4-7 As shown. By setting the upper surface of the first blunt body 100 as an inclined structure 180, water accumulation and ice formation on a large area of ​​the upper surface of the first blunt body 100 can be prevented, which would increase the power consumption of the electric heating component of the measuring device.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, a photothermal sensitive material layer is further disposed on the upper surface of the first blunt body 100. This photothermal sensitive material layer is formed by coating the upper surface of the first blunt body 100 with a photothermal sensitive material. Preferably, the photothermal sensitive material is, for example, a semiconductor material such as gallium nitride, silicon, germanium, cadmium sulfide, or bismuth selenide. By disposing of a photothermal sensitive material layer on the upper surface of the first blunt body 100, ice accumulated on the first blunt body 100 can be removed by the photothermal sensitive material, thereby avoiding the problem of high power consumption of the electrically heated components required by the measuring device.

[0059] According to a preferred embodiment, a water-controlling eaves 190 are further provided in the circumferential direction on the lower surface of the first blunt body 100, such as... Figure 1 , Figures 4-7 As shown. Preferably, the dimensions of the water control eaves 190 satisfy: h4 < 0.5h, 0.5h < l3 < 2h; where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, h4 is the thickness of the water control eaves 190, and l3 is the width of the water control eaves 190. The water control eaves 190 are provided circumferentially on the lower surface of the first blunt body 100. The water control eaves 190 can collect rainwater or icicles, preventing rainwater or icicles from falling vertically downwards and affecting the airflow at the air intake channel 300, thereby ensuring the reliability of wind speed measurement in rainy or icy weather. Furthermore, the dimensions of the water control eaves 190 meet the above requirements, which can prevent the dimensions of the water control eaves 190 from affecting the airflow field.

[0060] According to a preferred embodiment, a first electric heating component is provided on the water control eaves 190; and / or a second electric heating component and a drain hole component are provided on the second blunt body 200, both of which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the second blunt body 200. The first and second electric heating components are structures such as electric heating wires in the prior art, and the heating components are not shown in the figure. The second blunt body 200 is also provided with drain holes so that the melted ice water can be discharged from the drain holes to prevent refreezing. Through the action of the first and / or second electric heating components, the measuring device can be assisted in electric heating and anti-icing, ensuring that the measuring device can accurately measure wind speed and wind direction even in extreme environments.

[0061] This embodiment is applicable to a wind speed and direction measuring device in icing environments. First, by setting the first blunt body 100 and the second blunt body 200, the risk of icing of the wind speed measuring hole array 110 and the wind direction sensing hole array 120 can be reduced. Then, the first electric heating component and / or the second electric heating component can assist in de-icing. This makes the measuring device of this embodiment not only applicable to more extreme environments, but also reduces the heating power requirements of the first electric heating component and / or the second electric heating component.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments, characterized in that, It includes a first blunt body (100), a second blunt body (200), an anemometer, and a wind direction meter, wherein, The first blunt body (100) is located above the second blunt body (200), and there is a gap between the first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200), the gap forming an air intake channel (300). The anemometer and the wind direction meter are located at the air intake channel (300); or The lower surface of the first blunt body (100) is provided with a wind speed measuring hole array (110) and a wind direction sensing hole array (120), and the wind speed measuring hole array (110) and the wind direction sensing hole array (120) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the first blunt body (100). A wind speed measuring instrument is arranged at the wind speed measuring hole array (110), and a wind direction measuring instrument is arranged at the wind direction sensing hole array (120). The diameter of the first blunt body (100) is larger than the diameter of the second blunt body (200). The first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200) are coaxial. The dimensions of the first blunt body (100) satisfy: D1 > 10h and D1 = 0.5~1d, h1 > 0.5D1; the dimensions of the second blunt body (200) satisfy: 10h < D2 < 0.8D1, h2 > 0.5D2; where h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200), D1 is the diameter of the first blunt body (100), h1 is the height of the first blunt body (100), D2 is the diameter of the second blunt body (200), h2 is the height of the second blunt body (200), and d is the thickness of the laminar boundary layer.

2. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first blunt body (100) has a hollow structure inside. At the center of the lower surface of the first blunt body (100), there is an aerodynamic measurement surface (130) protruding into the interior of the first blunt body (100), and the wind speed measurement hole array (110) is disposed on the aerodynamic measurement surface (130).

3. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dimensions of the pneumatic measurement surface (130) satisfy: 0.5h ≤ h3 ≤ 2h, l1 ≥ 6h3, where, h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200), h3 is the height of the maximum depth of the pneumatic measurement surface (130), and l1 is the diameter of the maximum width of the pneumatic measurement surface (130).

4. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The wind speed measuring hole array (110) consists of 3 to 10 groups, and the wind speed measuring hole array (110) is rotationally symmetrically distributed. Each group of the wind speed measuring hole array (110) includes 2 to 7 pressure measuring holes (111). Each wind direction sensing hole array (120) includes multiple wind direction sensing holes (121). A sensing hole groove (140) is formed above the wind direction sensing hole array (120). The sensing hole groove (140) is connected to the wind direction sensing holes (121). A lightweight air pressure sensitive float (141) is also provided in the sensing hole groove (140). The lightweight air pressure sensitive float (141) moves in the sensing hole groove (140) based on the pressure difference in the sensing hole groove (140).

5. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the wind direction sensing aperture array (120) and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body (100) satisfies: l2 > 2h, where, h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200), and l2 is the distance between the wind direction sensing hole array (120) and the outer edge of the lower surface of the first blunt body (100).

6. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The wind speed measuring hole array (110) is a group of 1, and the wind speed measuring hole array (110) includes 3 to 7 pressure measuring holes (111). The wind direction measuring instrument is a wind direction sensor (150). The aerodynamic measuring surface (130) and the wind direction sensor (150) are rotatably disposed in the hollow structure inside the first blunt body (100). The aerodynamic measuring surface (130) is rotatably connected to the first blunt body (100) through a central shaft (160). The wind direction sensor (150) is fixedly connected to the central shaft (160) through a connector (170). The wind direction sensor (150) moves inside the first blunt body (100) based on the pressure difference inside the first blunt body (100).

7. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the first blunt body (100) is an inclined structure (180), and the upper surface of the first blunt body (100) is also provided with a photothermal sensitive material layer, which is formed by coating the upper surface of the first blunt body (100) with a photothermal sensitive material.

8. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the first blunt body (100) is further provided with a water-controlling eave (190) in the circumferential direction, and the dimensions of the water-controlling eave (190) satisfy: h4 < 0.5h, 0.5h < l3 < 2h; wherein, h is the height of the gap between the first blunt body (100) and the second blunt body (200), h4 is the thickness of the water control eaves (190), and l3 is the width of the water control eaves (190).

9. The wind speed and direction measuring device suitable for icing environments according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water control eaves (190) are equipped with a first electric heating component; and / or The second blunt body (200) is provided with a second electric heating component and a drain hole component, and the second electric heating component and the drain hole component are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the center of the second blunt body (200).

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