A light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber and its preparation method and application. The composite fiber comprises a polymer fiber matrix and high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles; the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the polymer fiber matrix, wherein the polymer content accounts for 85-95 wt%, and the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles account for 5-15 wt%; the polymer includes one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, and polyimide; the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles include carbon element, zirconium element, and a transition metal element group; the transition metal element group includes four or more of group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can solve the problem that it is difficult to balance the mechanical properties and photothermal properties of the light-responsive composite fiber by uniformly embedding the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles in the polymer fiber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of textiles, and in particular to a light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber, its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] Synthetic fibers have been widely used in various fields such as clothing, home textiles, industry, aerospace, etc. In recent years, with the rapid development of the synthetic fiber industry, the demands of all walks of life have gradually developed towards functionality, energy conservation and high added value. Light-responsive functional synthetic fibers are a special type of synthetic fiber that can absorb near-infrared light and convert it into thermal energy and other energies, and they have broad application prospects in the fields of warm clothing, energy and packaging. At present, light-responsive synthetic fibers mainly include a polymer matrix and a carbon-based photothermal component. Among them, the carbon-based photothermal component, as a mechanical defect, seriously reduces the mechanical properties of the synthetic fiber, thereby limiting its application fields. In order to ensure the mechanical properties of the fiber, the low proportion of the carbon-based photothermal component results in poor light-responsive performance.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient carbon-based photothermal component and increase its proportion in the polymer matrix to simultaneously improve the photothermal performance and mechanical properties of the light-responsive composite fiber. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber, its preparation method and application. By uniformly embedding high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer fiber, the problem that it is difficult to balance the mechanical properties and photothermal properties of the light-responsive composite fiber is solved.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber. The composite fiber includes a polymer fiber matrix and high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles; the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the polymer fiber matrix, where the polymer content accounts for 85-95 wt%, and the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles account for 5-15 wt%; the polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, polyimide; the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles include carbon element, zirconium element and a group of transition metal elements; the group of transition metal elements includes four or more of group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements.

[0007] Furthermore, the group of transition metal elements includes four of group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements.

[0008] Further, the polyester includes one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyarylate.

[0009] Further, the crystal structure of the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles is cubic crystal system, and the space group is The particle size is 50 - 300 nm.

[0010] Further, the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, (Ti, Hf, Nb, Tl)ZrC,

[0011] (Ti, Hf, V, Tl)ZrC, (Ti, Hf, V, Nb)ZrC, (Ti, Hf, V, W)ZrC, (Ti, Hf, Nb, W)ZrC, one or more of them.

[0012] Further, the particle size of the high-entropy carbon-based photo-responsive nanoparticles is 50 - 300 nm, the hardness of the particles is as high as 15 - 50 GPa, and the elastic modulus is as high as 400 - 500 GPa; the fineness of the photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber is 30 - 300 dtex, the strength is > 2.0 cN / dtex, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is > 4%.

[0013] The second object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0014] 1) Using a zirconium source, an inorganic precursor of a transition metal element group (inorganic precursor), and a chelating ligand as raw materials, prepare high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles;

[0015] 2) Carry out melting, extrusion molding, and pelletizing processes on the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles prepared in step 1) and the polymer masterbatch according to the mass ratio to obtain a uniformly mixed polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch;

[0016] 3) After the polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch obtained in step 2) is sufficiently dried for the second time, add it to the feed hopper of a high-speed melt spinning machine for spinning and drawing to obtain a photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber.

[0017] Further, step 1) includes the following sub-steps:

[0018] 11) Add a zirconium source, an inorganic precursor of a transition metal element group (4 or more inorganic precursors of Group IV or V), and a chelating ligand to a compounding solvent and mix them uniformly to obtain a uniform sol;

[0019] 12) Carry out high-humidity negative pressure suction on the uniform sol obtained in step 11) under stirring to obtain a zirconium-based inorganic gel;

[0020] 13) The gel obtained in step 12) is subjected to high-energy ball milling to achieve an atomic-level uniform distribution of inorganic elements, and a uniform gel is obtained;

[0021] 14) After the uniform gel obtained in step 13) is sufficiently dried for the first time, it is subjected to fractional calcination under a protective gas atmosphere. First, it is slowly heated to 800 °C at a front-stage heating rate and held for 2 hours, and then it is rapidly heated to 1500 - 2000 °C at a back-stage heating rate greater than the front-stage heating rate to obtain a single-crystal high-entropy carbon-based powder;

[0022] 15) The single-crystal high-entropy carbon-based powder obtained in step 14) is subjected to second high-energy ball milling to rapidly crush it into nano-scale particles, which is the light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 11), the transition metal element group includes four or more of the group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements.

[0024] Further preferably, in step 11), the transition metal element group includes four of the group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements, and the molar ratio of the zirconium source to the inorganic precursors of the four group IV transition metal elements or group V transition metal elements is 1:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25; the molar ratio of the zirconium source to the chelating ligand is 1:0.01 - 0.05.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 11), the mixing process is magnetic stirring at a rotation speed of 200 - 500 r / min for 4 - 10 hours at room temperature (20 - 30 °C).

[0026] Furthermore, in step 11), the zirconium source can be one or a combination of zirconium isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, zirconium n-butoxide, zirconium isobutoxide, zirconium pentanolate, zirconium acetylacetonate, or zirconium acetate.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 11), the chelating ligand can be one or a combination of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ammonium citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 11), the complexing solvent can be a mixed solvent of water and alcohol with a volume ratio of 1:4, and the alcohol can be one or a combination of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, or butanediol.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 12), the environmental humidity for high-humidity negative-pressure suction is 85 - 99%, the negative pressure is 0.5 - 5 MPa, and the humidity environment is constructed by a gas flow of a mixed liquid of 50% deionized water and 50% ethanol.

[0030] Further, in step 13), the high-energy ball milling is zirconia ball dry milling, with a rotation speed of 200 - 500 revolutions per minute and a time of 0.5 - 3 hours.

[0031] Further, in step 14), the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen (with a purity not lower than 99.99%), the heating rate in the first stage is controlled at 2 - 5 °C / min, the heating rate in the second stage is controlled at 10 - 20 °C / min, and the heat preservation time is 5 - 30 min.

[0032] Further, in step 14), the first drying process is vacuum drying at 80 °C for 4 - 10 hours.

[0033] Further, in step 15), the second high-energy ball milling is zirconia ball dry milling, with a rotation speed of 300 - 500 revolutions per minute and a time of 3 - 8 hours.

[0034] Further, in step 2), the melting temperature of the twin-screw extrusion is 180 - 320 °C, the extruded primary fiber is coagulated in a water bath, and pelletizing is carried out using a pelletizer.

[0035] Further, in step 3), the second drying condition is gradient heating. In the first stage, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 80 °C in 30 minutes. In the second stage, the temperature is raised from 80 °C to 100 - 120 °C in 30 minutes. In the third stage, the temperature is raised to 120 - 150 °C in 1 hour.

[0036] Further, in step 3), in the spinning process, the temperature is 180 °C - 320 °C, the spinning speed is 500 - 4500 meters per minute, and the draw ratio is 1 - 4 times.

[0037] Further, the particle size of the prepared high-entropy carbon-based photo-responsive nanoparticles is 50 - 300 nm, the hardness of the particles is as high as 15 - 50 GPa, and the elastic modulus is as high as 400 - 500 GPa; the fineness of the photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber is 30 - 300 dtex, the strength is > 2.0 cN / dtex, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is > 4%.

[0038] The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber, and use the photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber in the field of photo-responsive energy-saving materials.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0040] 1. The light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber of the present invention includes high-entropy carbon-based light-responsive nanoparticles. These particles have a small particle size (50 - 300 nm), high purity, no elemental segregation, high hardness, are single crystals, and have a stable crystal structure. At the same time, their light conversion efficiency is high (>80%); the polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber further prepared using these particles has both high strength and high photothermal conversion efficiency (>4%), and can be widely applied in the field of light-responsive energy conservation.

[0041] 2. The present invention realizes the preparation of highly efficient carbon-based photothermal components. When increasing their proportion in the polymer matrix, the photothermal performance and mechanical properties of the light-responsive composite fiber are improved simultaneously. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] In the technical solution of the present invention, if the preparation means, materials, structures, or composition ratios and other features are not clearly described, they are regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0044] In the following embodiments of the present invention, all raw materials can be purchased commercially.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This example provides a preparation method for a light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber, including the following steps:

[0047] To prepare single-crystalline, narrow-bandgap, high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles, the present invention uses transition metal sources with similar atomic structures, similar atomic radii, and narrow bandgaps as raw materials. Acetic acid, zirconium isopropoxide, hafnium n-propoxide, tetrabutyl titanate, vanadium acetylacetonate, and tungsten chloride are added to a mixed solvent of water and ethanol (1:4 by volume) at a stoichiometric ratio of 0.02:1:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25, and the mixture is stirred at 300 rpm for 6 hours at room temperature. A mixed wet cold gas of ethanol / water below room temperature (10°C) was passed into the solution at a flow rate of 100 mL / min, and a water pump was used to perform negative pressure suction to promote the reaction, ensuring that the humidity of the reaction system was ~90% and the negative pressure was ~2 MPa. After 30 minutes of reaction, the obtained inorganic gel was transferred to a ball mill, and the mass ratio of the gel to the zirconium ball was controlled to be 1:100. The ball milling was carried out at a speed of 500 r / min for 3 hours to allow the various inorganic sources to form an atomic-level mixture. The obtained uniform gel was fully dried in a vacuum oven (80°C, 3 hours) and subjected to graded calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. The front-stage calcination was heated to 800°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to remove organic side groups, and the back-stage calcination was heated to 1600°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min for rapid carbonization. Finally, the collected carbonized product was transferred to a ball mill, the mass ratio of carbonized product to zirconium ball was controlled to be 1:200, and the speed was 500 r / min for 6 hours to obtain high entropy carbon-based photoresponsive nanoparticles. 0.125 Hf 0.125 V 0.125 W 0.125 )Zr 0.5 The carbon is a cubic single crystal with a particle size of 85nm. All components are evenly distributed with no elemental segregation. Its photothermal conversion efficiency is 82%, its hardness is 35GPa, and its elastic modulus is 421GPa. Compared with traditional carbon-based photothermal particles, the lattice distortion effect of the high-entropy structure narrows the material's theoretical band gap and improves its photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, its highly disordered nature gives the nanoscale carbon-based particles excellent dispersibility, which facilitates the improvement of the mechanical properties of the mixed fibers.

[0048] The obtained (Ti 0.125 Hf 0.125 V 0.125 W 0.125 )Zr 0.5The C nanoparticles were mixed with polyethylene terephthalate masterbatch (CH-610 spinning grade, purchased from Yuantai Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.) at a mass ratio of 1:20 and granulated through metering twin-screw extrusion. The melting temperature of the twin-screw was: zone 1 260°C, zone 2 275°C, zone 3 290°C, zone 4 300°C, zone 5 305°C, zone 6 310°C, the screw extrusion speed was 6 m / min, and the extruded nascent fibers were solidified in tap water with a water temperature of 25°C. The speed of the granulator was 6 m / min. The prepared mixed masterbatch was vacuum dried in a drum oven. The drying process was that in the first stage, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 80°C in 30 minutes, in the second stage, the temperature was raised from 80°C to 120°C in 30 minutes, and in the third stage, the temperature was raised to 150°C in 1 hour and dried for 20 hours. The dried masterbatch was melt-spun. In the spinning process, the temperature was 260°C - 320°C, the spinning speed was 4200 m / min, the draw ratio was 2.5 times. The prepared photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber had a fineness of 121 dtex, a strength of 2.5 cN / dtex, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 4.4%.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Hydrochloric acid, zirconium isopropoxide, thallium acetate, tetrabutyl titanate, vanadyl acetylacetonate, and tungsten chloride were added to a mixed solvent of water and ethanol (volume ratio 1:4) according to a stoichiometric ratio of 0.02:1:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25. At room temperature, it was sufficiently stirred at a speed of 450 r / min for 4 hours. Ethanol / water mixed wet cold air below room temperature (10°C) was introduced into the solution at an air flow rate of 80 mL / min, and at the same time, a water pump was used for negative pressure suction to promote the reaction, ensuring that the humidity of the reaction system was ~90% and the negative pressure was ~2 MPa. After reacting for 30 min, the obtained inorganic gel was transferred to a ball mill. The mass ratio of the gel to the zirconium balls was controlled to be 1:100, and it was ball milled at a speed of 500 r / min for 4 hours to form an atomic-level mixture of each inorganic source. The obtained uniform gel was fully dried in a vacuum oven (80°C, 3 hours), and was subjected to fractional calcination in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. In the first stage of calcination, the temperature was raised to 800°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min to remove organic side groups, and in the second stage of calcination, the temperature was raised to 1500°C at a heating rate of 12°C / min for rapid carbonization. Finally, the collected carbide was transferred to a ball mill. The mass ratio of the carbide to the zirconium balls was controlled to be 1:200, and it was ball milled at a speed of 500 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the photo-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber. The obtained (Ti 0.125 Tl 0.125 V 0.125 W 0.125 )Zr 0.5C is a cubic single crystal with a particle size of 120 nm. All components are evenly distributed without elemental segregation. Its photothermal conversion efficiency is 81%, hardness is 32 GPa, and elastic modulus is 409 GPa. Compared with traditional carbon-based photothermal particles, the lattice distortion effect of the high-entropy structure makes the theoretical bandgap of the material narrower and the photothermal conversion efficiency higher. At the same time, its highly disordered characteristics endow the nanoscale carbon-based particles with better dispersibility, which is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the mixed fibers.

[0051] The prepared (Ti 0.125 Tl 0.125 V 0.125 W 0.125 )Zr 0.5 C nanoparticles are mixed with polyethylene terephthalate masterbatch (CH-610 spinning grade, purchased from Yuantai Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.) at a mass ratio of 1:20 and granulated through metering twin-screw extrusion. The melting temperature of the twin-screw is as follows: zone 1: 260 °C, zone 2: 275 °C, zone 3: 290 °C, zone 4: 300 °C, zone 5: 305 °C, zone 6: 310 °C, and the screw extrusion speed is 8 m / min. The extruded primary fiber is solidified in tap water with a water temperature of 25 °C, and the speed of the pelletizer is 8 m / min. The prepared mixed masterbatch is vacuum dried in a drum oven. The drying process is as follows: the first stage of heating is from room temperature to 80 °C in 30 minutes, the second stage of heating is from 80 °C to 120 °C in 30 minutes, and the third stage of heating is to 150 °C in 1 hour, and it is dried for 20 hours. The dried masterbatch is melt-spun. In the spinning process, the temperature is 260 °C - 320 °C, the spinning speed is 3800 m / min, the draw ratio is 2.5 times, and the fineness of the prepared polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber is 105 dtex, the strength is > 3.1 cN / dtex, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 4.8%.

[0052] The above description of the embodiments is for the convenience of those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. Persons familiar with the technology of this field can obviously make various modifications to these embodiments easily and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative labor. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber, characterized in that: The composite fiber includes a polymer fiber matrix and high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles; The high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the polymer fiber matrix, wherein the polymer content accounts for 85-95wt% and the high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles account for 5-15wt%; The polymer includes one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, and polyimide; The high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles have a cubic crystal structure, a space group of Fm3̅m, and a particle size of 50 to 300 nm; The high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles include one or more of (Ti,Hf,Nb,Tl)ZrC, (Ti,Hf,V,Tl)ZrC, (Ti,Hf,V,Nb)ZrC, (Ti,Hf,V,W)ZrC, and (Ti,Hf,Nb,W)ZrC; The polyester includes one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyarylate; The preparation method of the photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber comprises the following steps: 1) Using a zirconium source, an inorganic precursor of a metal element group, and a chelating ligand as raw materials, high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles are prepared; 2) melting, extruding, and pelletizing the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles prepared in step 1) and the polymer masterbatch according to a mass ratio to obtain a uniformly mixed polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch; 3) drying the polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch obtained in step 2) for a second time, spinning and stretching the masterbatch to obtain a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber; Step 1) includes the following sub-steps: 11) Adding the zirconium source, the inorganic precursor of the metal element group and the chelating ligand into the compound solvent and uniformly mixing them to obtain a uniform sol; 12) subjecting the uniform sol obtained in step 11) to high-humidity negative pressure suction while stirring to obtain a zirconium-based inorganic gel; 13) subjecting the gel obtained in step 12) to a first high-energy ball milling to obtain a uniform gel; 14) After first drying the uniform gel obtained in step 13), calcining in a protective gas atmosphere in stages, first heating to 800° C. at an initial heating rate and holding for 2 hours, then heating to 1500-2000° C. at a subsequent heating rate that is greater than the initial heating rate, to obtain a single crystal high-entropy carbon-based powder; 15) subjecting the single crystal high entropy carbon-based powder obtained in step 14) to a second high-energy ball milling to rapidly crush it into nano-scale particles, namely the high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles; In step 1), the metal element group is Ti, Hf, Nb, Tl, or Ti, Hf, V, Tl, or Ti, Hf, V, Nb, or Ti, Hf, V, W, or Ti, Hf, Nb, W.

2. The photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber has a fineness of 30-300 dtex, a strength of >2.0 cN / dtex, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of >4%.

3. A method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber comprises the following steps: 1) Using a zirconium source, an inorganic precursor of a metal element group, and a chelating ligand as raw materials, high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles are prepared; 2) melting, extruding, and pelletizing the high-entropy carbon-based nanoparticles prepared in step 1) and the polymer masterbatch according to a mass ratio to obtain a uniformly mixed polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch; 3) drying the polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite masterbatch obtained in step 2) for a second time, spinning and stretching the masterbatch to obtain a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber; Step 1) includes the following sub-steps: 11) Adding the zirconium source, the inorganic precursor of the metal element group and the chelating ligand into the compound solvent and uniformly mixing them to obtain a uniform sol; 12) subjecting the uniform sol obtained in step 11) to high-humidity negative pressure suction while stirring to obtain a zirconium-based inorganic gel; 13) subjecting the gel obtained in step 12) to a first high-energy ball milling to obtain a uniform gel; 14) After first drying the uniform gel obtained in step 13), calcining in a protective gas atmosphere in stages, first heating to 800° C. at an initial heating rate and holding for 2 hours, then heating to 1500-2000° C. at a subsequent heating rate that is greater than the initial heating rate, to obtain a single crystal high-entropy carbon-based powder; 15) subjecting the single crystal high entropy carbon-based powder obtained in step 14) to a second high-energy ball milling to rapidly crush it into nano-scale particles, namely the high entropy carbon-based nanoparticles; In step 1), the metal element group is Ti, Hf, Nb, Tl, or Ti, Hf, V, Tl, or Ti, Hf, V, Nb, or Ti, Hf, V, W, or Ti, Hf, Nb, W.

4. The method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the zirconium source to the four inorganic precursors of the metal elements in the metal element group is 1:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25; The molar ratio of the zirconium source to the chelating ligand is 1:0.01-0.

05.

5. The method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 12), the high humidity negative pressure suction environment humidity is 85-99%, the negative pressure is 0.5-5 MPa, and the humidity environment is constructed by a mixed liquid airflow of 50% deionized water and 50% ethanol.

6. The method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 13), the first high-energy ball milling is zirconium ball dry milling, with a rotation speed of 200-500 rpm and a time of 0.5-3 hours; In step 14), the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen, the heating rate of the front section is controlled at 2-5°C / min, the heating rate of the back section is controlled at 10-20°C / min, and the holding time is 5-30 min; In step 14), the first drying process is 80° C., vacuum drying for 4 to 10 hours; In step 15), the second high-energy ball milling is zirconium ball dry milling, with a rotation speed of 300-500 rpm and a time of 3-8 hours.

7. The method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2), the extrusion melt temperature is 180-320° C., the extruded spun fibers are solidified in a water bath, and pelletized using a pelletizer.

8. The method for preparing a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3), the second drying condition is a gradient temperature increase, the first temperature increase is from room temperature to 80°C over 30 minutes, the second temperature increase is from 80°C to 100-120°C over 30 minutes, and the third temperature increase is to 120-150°C over 1 hour.

9. An application of a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or a photoresponsive polymer / high entropy carbon-based composite fiber prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: The light-responsive polymer / high-entropy carbon-based composite fiber is used in the field of light-responsive energy-saving materials.