Precision fertilization device based on soil nutrient requirement and real-time detection of fertilizer nutrient

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of to be related to agricultural fertilization technical field, in particular to a kind of based on soil nutrient demand and fertilizer nutrient real-time detection precision fertilization device.The precision fertilization device includes: power device, controller module, positioning module, power module, tank, near infrared spectrum acquisition module, flowmeter, fertilizer spout, fertilizer pipeline and variable mechanism.The application also discloses a kind of based on soil nutrient demand and fertilizer nutrient real-time detection precision fertilization method, including: based on position information acquisition operation position corresponding soil nutrient demand amount;Based on near infrared spectrum data analysis fertilizer nutrient content;Based on the soil nutrient demand amount and the fertilizer nutrient content, calculate out fertilization amount, based on fertilization amount by flowmeter and variable mechanism real-time control fertilizer spreading amount, realize based on soil nutrient demand and fertilizer nutrient real-time detection precision fertilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0006] ,

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and particularly relates to a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients. Background Art

[0002] As the most important nutritional input during the growth process of crops, fertilizers have become crucial factors in high-quality and high-yield crop production. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, fertilizers account for up to 40% - 60% of the total share in crop yield increase. To achieve good fertilization effects and ensure no environmental pollution problems caused by excessive application, precise control of fertilizer application rates is required, that is, precision fertilization; insufficient fertilization cannot achieve the best yield increase and quality improvement effects, and in some cases, it will also waste the land's absorption capacity; excessive fertilization will not only lead to nutrient waste and increased production costs but also cause environmental pollution problems. Therefore, precision fertilization is considered an important means in modern agricultural production.

[0003] With the development of information technologies such as "3S", the establishment of the national soil testing and formulated fertilization database, and the progress of crop and soil sensing technologies, the conditions for precision fertilization have become increasingly perfect. A variety of fertilization operation systems designed under the concept of precision fertilization have been reported at home and abroad: The Flexi Coil series variable fertilization machines developed by Case Company in the United States consist of traditional fertilization machines equipped with electronic control systems and can complete multi-row precise variable fertilization operations; The variable control system for fertilizer spreading of AMASAT in France is equipped with a variable centrifugal spreader and a variable automatic sprayer and has been widely put into production and use; The centrifugal fertilizer hood type variable fertilizer spreader for rice on the ground developed by Nanjing Agricultural University uses PID fuzzy control to achieve precise control of fertilization for rice and winter wheat; Multiple agricultural drones developed by DJI and XAG both have the ability to control different fertilization amounts at different positions during fertilization operations.

[0004] [[ID=]14]The above fertilization operation systems achieve the application of different amounts of fertilizers at different positions, but they all regard fertilizers as substances with uniform nutrients and change the fertilization amount in real time according to factors such as crop needs and soil conditions. However, fertilizers are not ideal substances with uniform nutrients, especially organic fertilizers produced under the natural action of microorganisms such as composted manure and manure water used after fermentation, and their nutrients have great variability. If the existing variable fertilization machinery is directly used, the amount of nutrients actually input into the soil will deviate from the target amount, and precise fertilization cannot be truly achieved.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, which considers the internal differences of fertilizer nutrients, improves the regulation of fertilizer application amount to the regulation of nutrient application amount, and realizes precision fertilization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients. The device comprises: a power unit, a controller module, a positioning module, a power supply module, a tank, a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module, a flow meter, a fertilizer nozzle, a fertilizer pipeline, and a variable displacement mechanism; all components are connected via cables, integrated circuits, or wireless connections.

[0007] The power unit is equipped with a controller module, a positioning module, a power supply module, and a tank.

[0008] The controller module is connected to the positioning module, power module, near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module, flow meter, and variable mechanism via wiring.

[0009] The fertilizer pipeline is equipped with a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module, a flow meter, and a variable mechanism;

[0010] The tank is connected to the fertilizer nozzle via a fertilizer pipeline.

[0011] The fertilizer pipeline is equipped with a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module on the side near the tank body to collect near-infrared spectral information; a flow meter and a variable mechanism are equipped on the side near the fertilizer nozzle. The flow meter is used to obtain fertilizer flow information in the fertilizer pipeline; the variable mechanism is used to control fertilizer flow in the fertilizer pipeline.

[0012] The length of the fertilizer pipeline ensures that the variable mechanism can respond promptly to the control signals sent by the controller module;

[0013] The near-infrared spectral information can be either the near-infrared spectral data of the band required for fertilizer nutrient detection or the near-infrared wavelength point data required, whichever is chosen.

[0014] The near-infrared spectral acquisition module consists of a sensor, a light source, a spectrometer, and optical path components. The sensor is used to detect the near-infrared light passing through the fertilizer and convert it into an electrical signal; the light source is used to provide near-infrared light to the fertilizer; the spectrometer is used to disperse the light into different wavelengths; and the optical path components are used to guide, focus, and transmit the light, ensuring that the light is transmitted from the light source to the sample, then to the sensor after being spectrometerized.

[0015] The positioning module consists of a receiving antenna and a host unit connected by a line. The receiving antenna is used to convert the electromagnetic waves broadcast by the satellite and the base station into electrical signals of sufficient strength. The host unit is used to track, process and measure the electrical signals and output the location information.

[0016] The method for calculating the length of the fertilizer pipeline is as follows:

[0017] L = (v × t)

[0018] In the formula: L is the length of the fertilizer pipeline, v is the maximum designed flow velocity of the fertilizer pipeline, and t is the maximum response time of the controller module.

[0019] Another objective of this invention is to provide a precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, characterized by comprising: a network communication module, a cloud service module, and a precision fertilization device as described in this invention based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients; the network communication module is connected to the controller module via a line to provide internet access capability; the cloud service module is connected to the controller module via the internet to analyze fertilizer nutrient content, calculate the required amount of fertilizer to be applied to the soil, and manage data storage using a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for applied fertilizer nutrients.

[0020] Another objective of this invention is to provide a precision fertilization method based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, characterized by comprising:

[0021] Step S1: Obtain the soil nutrient requirements corresponding to the location information based on the location information;

[0022] Step S2: Analyze fertilizer nutrient content based on near-infrared spectral data;

[0023] Step S3: Calculate the fertilizer application rate based on the soil nutrient requirements and the fertilizer nutrient content. Control the fertilizer application rate in real time using a flow meter and variable mechanism based on the fertilizer application rate to achieve precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time fertilizer nutrient detection.

[0024] Step S1 specifically includes:

[0025] Step S11: Start the system and complete system initialization;

[0026] Step S12: Obtain the location information of the fertilization operation based on the positioning module;

[0027] Step S13: Based on the location information, the controller module queries the soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map to obtain the corresponding nutrient requirements.

[0028] Step S2 specifically includes:

[0029] Step S21: Dynamically and in real-time acquire near-infrared spectral data of the applied fertilizer based on the near-infrared spectral acquisition module;

[0030] Step S22: The controller module inputs the near-infrared spectral data into a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for applied fertilizer nutrients to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content.

[0031] Step S3 specifically includes:

[0032] Step S31: The controller module calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the fertilizer nutrient content obtained dynamically in real time.

[0033] Step S32: The controller module controls the amount of fertilizer applied in real time through the flow meter and variable mechanism based on the amount of fertilizer calculated in step S31.

[0034] Step S33: Repeat steps S31-S32 until the fertilization operation is completed, so as to achieve precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time monitoring of fertilizer nutrients.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0036] Based on the precision fertilization device disclosed in this invention, which is based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, it can be applied to various fertilization operation environments and achieve precision fertilization.

[0037] Compared to traditional manual or mechanical uniform fertilization, this invention can provide plants with sufficient effective nutrients, improve crop yield and quality, reduce nutrient waste and environmental pollution, save costs and increase economic benefits.

[0038] Compared to existing variable fertilization, this invention takes into account the internal differences in fertilizer nutrients, and improves the regulation of fertilizer application amount to the regulation of nutrient application amount, thus eliminating the hidden danger that the internal differences in fertilizer will affect the effect of precision fertilization. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a precision fertilization device and system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a precision fertilization method based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to the present invention.

[0043] Among them, 1-power unit, 2-controller module, 3-positioning module, 4-power supply module, 5-tank body, 6-near-infrared spectrum acquisition module, 7-flow meter, 8-fertilizer nozzle, 9-fertilizer pipeline, 10-variable mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0044] This invention provides a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] like Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention disclosed in the present invention discloses a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, including: a power unit 1, a controller module 2, a positioning module 3, a power supply module 4, a tank 5, a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module 6, a flow meter 7, a fertilizer nozzle 8, a fertilizer pipeline 9, and a variable mechanism 10; the components are connected by cables, integrated circuits, or wirelessly.

[0046] The power unit 1 is equipped with a controller module 2, a positioning module 3, a power module 4, and a tank 5, which are used to realize position movement.

[0047] The controller module 2 is connected to the positioning module 3, the power supply module 4, the near-infrared spectrum acquisition module 6, the flow meter 7, and the variable mechanism 10 via wiring.

[0048] The fertilizer pipeline 9 is equipped with a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module 6, a flow meter 7, and a variable mechanism 10;

[0049] The tank 5 is connected to the fertilizer nozzle 8 via the fertilizer pipe 9.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the power unit 1 includes: a tractor and a cargo platform, the cargo platform being loaded with other components of the precision fertilization device, and the tractor pulling the cargo platform to move along the ground direction;

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the power unit 1 is a drone, which carries other components of the precision fertilization device and pulls the precision fertilization device to fly at low altitude along the ground direction to spread fertilizer.

[0052] The positioning module 3 is connected to the controller module 2 and the power module 4 via lines respectively, and is used to obtain the current location information of the precision fertilization device in real time.

[0053] The positioning module 3 should be capable of acquiring fertilization location information in real time. In an optional embodiment, the positioning module 3 is a Beidou positioning module.

[0054] The positioning module 3 consists of a receiving antenna and a host unit connected by a line. The receiving antenna is used to convert the electromagnetic waves broadcast by the satellite and the base station into electrical signals of sufficient strength. The host unit is used to track, process and measure the electrical signals and output the location information.

[0055] In this embodiment, the positioning module 3 should have the ability to acquire fertilization location information in real time.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the positioning module 3 is a BeiDou positioning module.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the positioning module 3 may be combined with RTK technology to improve positioning accuracy.

[0058] In an optional embodiment, the positioning module 3 may be replaced by other modules that provide location information and meet the accuracy requirements, such as the BeiDou positioning system, GPS system, Galileo system, etc.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the positioning module 3 can be replaced with reliable external GNSS information input.

[0060] The controller module 2 is connected to the positioning module 3, the power supply module 4, the near-infrared spectrum acquisition module 6, the flow meter 7, and the variable mechanism 10 via lines respectively. It is used to obtain the current position information from the positioning module 3, obtain the current near-infrared spectrum information in the fertilizer pipeline 9 from the near-infrared spectrum acquisition module 6, obtain the current fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipeline 9 from the flow meter 7, obtain electrical energy from the power supply module 4, and output control signals to the variable mechanism 10.

[0061] The controller module 2 is used to implement:

[0062] The positioning module 3 acquires the location information of the fertilization operation, and the corresponding soil nutrient requirements are obtained based on the location information. The near-infrared spectral data of the applied fertilizer is dynamically acquired in real time by the near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6, and the near-infrared spectral data is input into a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for fertilizer nutrient content to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content. The amount of fertilizer is calculated based on the soil nutrient requirements and the fertilizer nutrient content, and the amount of fertilizer applied is controlled in real time by the flow meter 7 and the variable displacement mechanism 10 based on the amount of fertilizer applied.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, the controller module 2 is used for signal control. Those skilled in the art should select according to the specific application scenario, and choose to connect to the positioning module 3, the power module 4, the near-infrared spectrum acquisition module 6, the flow meter 7 and the variable mechanism 10 through a control cable, an integrated circuit or a wireless transmission method. In this embodiment, no specific limitation is made on the connection method.

[0064] The power module 4 is used to provide power to the various modules of the precision fertilization device; the power module 4 should have the ability to provide power assurance for the system. In an optional embodiment, the power module 4 directly reuses the power system of the power unit 1 itself, such as a tractor battery or a drone battery.

[0065] The tank body 5 is connected to the fertilizer nozzle 8 via the fertilizer pipe 9 and is used to load fertilizer;

[0066] In an optional embodiment, the tank 5 is fixed on the loading platform for loading fertilizer, and is sequentially connected to the near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6, the flow meter 7, the variable mechanism 10 and the fertilizer nozzle 8 through the fertilizer pipe 9.

[0067] The fertilizer pipeline 9 is equipped with a near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6 on the side near the tank 5 for acquiring near-infrared spectral information;

[0068] The near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6 is used to acquire near-infrared spectral data of the required band or near-infrared wavelength point data for nutrient detection of applied fertilizer; the near-infrared spectral information can be either near-infrared spectral data of the required band or near-infrared wavelength point data for nutrient detection of applied fertilizer.

[0069] The near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6 consists of a sensor, a light source, a spectrometer, and optical path components. The sensor is used to detect the near-infrared light passing through the fertilizer and convert it into an electrical signal, and should meet the signal-to-noise ratio requirements in the band of interest. The light source is used to provide near-infrared light to the fertilizer and should meet the energy requirements in the band of interest. The spectrometer is used to disperse the light into different wavelengths and should meet the requirements for the number of bands, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and band offset error in the band of interest. The optical path components are used to guide, focus, and transmit the light, ensuring that the light is transmitted from the light source to the sample, then split, and finally transmitted to the sensor, and should meet the required optical performance in the band of interest.

[0070] In this embodiment, the near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6 should be able to acquire near-infrared spectral data of the required band or near-infrared wavelength point data of fertilizer applied on the pipeline.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the position and number of the near-infrared spectral acquisition modules 6 are not specifically limited, and multiple near-infrared spectral acquisition modules 6 can improve detection accuracy.

[0072] A flow meter 7 and a variable mechanism 10 are provided on the side of the fertilizer pipeline 9 near the fertilizer nozzle 8. The flow meter 7 is used to collect the fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipeline 9; the variable mechanism 10 is used to control the fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipeline 9.

[0073] The length of the fertilizer pipeline 9 ensures that the variable mechanism 10 can respond to the control signals sent by the controller module 2 in a timely manner;

[0074] The length of the fertilizer pipeline 9 is calculated as follows:

[0075] L = (v × t)

[0076] In the formula: L is the length of the fertilizer pipeline, v is the maximum designed flow velocity of the fertilizer pipeline, and t is the maximum response time of the controller module.

[0077] Fertilizer nozzle 8 is used to deliver fertilizer.

[0078] The connection can be a cable, an integrated circuit, or a wireless connection. Those skilled in the art should select the appropriate connection method according to the specific application scenario. For example, the positioning module 3 can be connected via onboard, via Bluetooth wireless connection, or via wired connection via data cable, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0079] In this embodiment, the precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients is applied in fertilization operations, without limiting the type, form, or shape of the fertilization operation. The controller module 2 is an embedded hardware system, and no specific hardware configuration is limited. Those skilled in the art should select a specific device model that meets the relevant requirements for computing power, power consumption, size, etc., according to specific implementation needs. The controller module 2 is connected to the positioning module 3, power module 4, near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6, flow meter 7, and variable mechanism 10 via control cables or integrated circuits. The controller module 2 should have the ability to timely control the reliable operation of the entire system.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention also discloses a precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, comprising: a network communication module, a cloud service module, and a precision fertilization device as described in this invention; Figure 3 As shown, the network communication module is connected to the controller module 2 via a line to provide Internet access capability; the cloud service module is connected to the controller module 2 via the Internet to analyze fertilizer nutrient content, calculate the amount of fertilizer required for the soil, and manage data storage through a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for fertilizer application.

[0081] In this embodiment, the network communication module should be able to provide the system with an internet connection, and the technologies used include, but are not limited to, mobile networks, WLAN, and satellite internet.

[0082] In one optional embodiment, the network communication module can be optional and supports multiple networking methods simultaneously.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the cloud service module may selectively implement all or part of the following functions according to specific implementation requirements, including: analyzing fertilizer nutrient content through a pre-set near-infrared calibration model of applied fertilizer nutrients, calculating the amount of fertilizer required for the soil, and data storage management.

[0084] In an optional embodiment, unlike conventional near-infrared calibration models, the pre-set near-infrared calibration model for fertilizer nutrient application should meet the needs of precision fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements. To improve response speed, fertilizer nutrient information can be acquired in real time during precision fertilization. When establishing the near-infrared calibration model for fertilizer nutrient application, feature selection and data dimensionality reduction should be appropriately used according to hardware performance to reduce redundant data, and a fast-response algorithm structure should be used to reduce the computational load of the model and save time for predicting nutrient content at the fertilizer application site.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the power unit 1, controller module 2, positioning module 3, power supply module 4, tank 5, near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6, flow meter 7, variable mechanism 10, and fertilizer nozzle 8 can be arranged independently or integratedly, without being constrained by space or connection method.

[0086] like Figure 4 As shown, this invention also discloses a precision fertilization method based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, comprising:

[0087] Step S1: Obtain the soil nutrient requirements corresponding to the location information based on the location information;

[0088] Step S1 specifically includes:

[0089] Step S11: Start the system and complete system initialization;

[0090] Step S12: Obtain the location information of the fertilization operation based on the positioning module 3;

[0091] Step S13: Based on the location information, the controller module 2 queries the soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map to obtain the corresponding nutrient requirements.

[0092] In an optional embodiment, step S1 includes: starting the system and completing system initialization; the controller module 2 obtains real-time location information through the Beidou positioning module; the controller module 2 obtains real-time location information through the Beidou positioning module; and calls a local or network soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map, and combines the real-time location information to obtain the soil nutrient requirement at that location.

[0093] Step S2: Analyze fertilizer nutrient content based on near-infrared spectral data;

[0094] Step S2 specifically includes:

[0095] Step S21: Dynamically and in real-time acquire near-infrared spectral data of the applied fertilizer based on the near-infrared spectral acquisition module 6;

[0096] Step S22: The controller module 2 inputs the near-infrared spectral data into the preset near-infrared calibration model for applied fertilizer nutrients to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content.

[0097] In an optional embodiment, step S2 includes: the controller module 2 acquires near-infrared spectral data of the applied fertilizer in real time through the near-infrared spectral acquisition module; the controller module 2 uploads the near-infrared spectral data to the cloud service module through the network communication module; the cloud service module analyzes and returns the fertilizer nutrient content through a pre-set near-infrared calibration model of applied fertilizer nutrients; and the controller module 2 receives the fertilizer nutrient content from the cloud service module through the network communication module.

[0098] Step S3: Calculate the fertilizer application amount based on the soil nutrient requirements and the fertilizer nutrient content. Control the fertilizer application amount in real time through the flow meter 7 and the variable mechanism 10 based on the fertilizer application amount to achieve precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time detection of fertilizer nutrients.

[0099] Step S3 specifically includes:

[0100] Step S31: The controller module 2 calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the fertilizer nutrient content obtained dynamically in real time.

[0101] Step S32: The controller module 2 controls the amount of fertilizer applied in real time through the flow meter 7 and the variable mechanism 10, based on the amount of fertilizer calculated in step S31.

[0102] Step S33: Repeat steps S31-S32 until the fertilization operation is completed, so as to achieve precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time monitoring of fertilizer nutrients.

[0103] In an optional embodiment, step S3 includes: the controller module 2 calculates the fertilization amount based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the dynamically acquired fertilizer nutrient content; the controller module 2 controls the amount of fertilizer applied in real time according to the fertilization amount; as the fertilization operation proceeds, step 3 is repeated, ensuring a short feedback time that meets the requirements; the system is shut down after the operation is completed, thus realizing precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time detection of fertilizer nutrients.

[0104] In an optional embodiment, a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for applied fertilizer nutrients can be placed in the controller module 2 to calculate the fertilizer nutrient content locally.

[0105] In one optional embodiment, the basis for determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrient content includes, but is not limited to, different strategies such as setting formulas and expert decision-making systems, and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, the soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map refers to a data source capable of providing the soil nutrient requirements for each fertilization location, without limitation on data location, type, or format. In summary, to address the problems mentioned in the background art, this invention proposes a precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients. During fertilization operations, the corresponding nutrient requirements are retrieved and called from the soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map using real-time BeiDou positioning information; real-time analysis of the nutrient content of the applied fertilizer is achieved by deploying near-infrared spectral sensing units and deploying a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for the applied fertilizer nutrients; the fertilization amount is calculated based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the dynamically acquired real-time fertilizer nutrient content; and the fertilizer application rate is controlled in real-time based on the fertilization amount, thereby achieving precision fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements.

Claims

1. A precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, characterized in that, include: The power unit (1), controller module (2), positioning module (3), power supply module (4), tank (5), near-infrared spectrum acquisition module (6), flow meter (7), fertilizer nozzle (8), fertilizer pipeline (9) and variable mechanism (10); The controller module (2), positioning module (3), power module (4), and tank (5) are fixedly mounted on the power unit (1); The controller module (2) is connected to the positioning module (3), the power supply module (4), the near-infrared spectrum acquisition module (6), the flow meter (7), and the variable mechanism (10) via lines respectively; The fertilizer pipeline (9) is equipped with a near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition module (6), a flow meter (7), and a variable mechanism (10); The controller module (2) is used to realize the dynamic real-time acquisition of near-infrared spectral data of applied fertilizer based on the near-infrared spectral acquisition module (6), and input the near-infrared spectral data into the pre-set near-infrared calibration model of applied fertilizer nutrients to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content; The near-infrared spectral acquisition module (6) is used to acquire near-infrared spectral information, which is the near-infrared spectral data of the band required for fertilizer nutrient detection. The positioning module (3) is connected to the controller module (2) and the power module (4) respectively via lines, and is used to obtain the current location information of the precision fertilization device in real time; The tank (5) is connected to the fertilizer nozzle (8) via the fertilizer pipe (9); The method for calculating the length of the fertilizer pipeline (9) is as follows: ， In the formula: L is the length of the fertilizer pipeline, v is the maximum designed flow velocity of the fertilizer pipeline, and t is the maximum response time of the controller module; The length of the fertilizer pipeline (9) ensures that the variable mechanism (10) can respond to the control signals sent by the controller module (2) in a timely manner; The controller module (2) calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the fertilizer nutrient content obtained dynamically in real time; the controller module (2) controls the amount of fertilizer to be applied in real time through the flow meter (7) and the variable mechanism (10) based on the calculated amount of fertilizer.

2. The precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flow meter (7) and a variable mechanism (10) are provided on the side near the fertilizer nozzle (8). The flow meter (7) is used to collect the fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipeline (9); the variable mechanism (10) is used to control the fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipeline (9).

3. The precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The near-infrared spectral acquisition module (6) consists of a sensor, a light source, a beam splitter, and optical path components. The sensor is used to detect the near-infrared light passing through the fertilizer and convert it into an electrical signal; the light source is used to provide near-infrared light to the fertilizer. The spectrometer is used to disperse light into different wavelengths; the optical path components are used to guide, focus, and transmit light, ensuring that the light is transmitted from the light source to the sample, then through the spectrometer, and finally to the sensor.

4. The precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning module (3) consists of a receiving antenna and a host unit connected by a line. The receiving antenna is used to convert the electromagnetic waves broadcast by the satellite and the base station into electrical signals of sufficient strength. The host unit is used to track, process, and measure electrical signals and output position information.

5. A precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, characterized in that, include: The network communication module, the cloud service module, and the precision fertilization device based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients as described in any one of claims 1-4; The network communication module and the controller module (2) are connected by a line to provide Internet access capability; The cloud service module is connected to the controller module (2) via the Internet. It is used to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content, calculate the amount of fertilizer required for the soil, and manage data storage by using a pre-set near-infrared calibration model for fertilizer application.

6. A precision fertilization method based on the precision fertilization system of claim 5, which is based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Obtain the soil nutrient requirements corresponding to the location information based on the location information; Step S2: Analyze fertilizer nutrient content based on near-infrared spectral data; Step S3: Calculate the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements and the fertilizer nutrient content. Control the amount of fertilizer to be applied in real time through a flow meter (7) and a variable mechanism (10) based on the amount of fertilizer to achieve precise fertilization based on the soil nutrient requirements and real-time detection of fertilizer nutrients.

7. The precision fertilization method of the precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes: Step S11: Start the system and complete system initialization; Step S12: Obtain the location information of the fertilization operation based on the positioning module (3); Step S13: Based on location information, the controller module (2) queries the soil nutrient database or soil nutrient requirement prescription map to obtain the corresponding nutrient requirements; Step S3 specifically includes: Step S31: The controller module (2) calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the soil nutrient requirements determined by the location and the fertilizer nutrient content obtained dynamically in real time; Step S32: The controller module (2) controls the amount of fertilizer applied in real time through the flow meter (7) and the variable mechanism (10) based on the amount of fertilizer calculated in step S31. Step S33: Repeat steps S31-S32 until the fertilization operation is completed, so as to achieve precise fertilization based on soil nutrient requirements and real-time monitoring of fertilizer nutrients.

8. The precision fertilization method of the precision fertilization system based on real-time detection of soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer nutrients according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Based on the near-infrared spectral acquisition module (6), dynamically acquire near-infrared spectral data of the applied fertilizer in real time; Step S22: The controller module (2) inputs the near-infrared spectral data into the preset near-infrared calibration model of applied fertilizer nutrients to analyze the fertilizer nutrient content.

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