A small-scale peasant forestry carbon sink accounting and monitoring system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of forestry carbon sink, in particular to a small-scale peasant household forestry carbon sink accounting and monitoring system, which comprises a UAV body, a multispectral camera, a fixing frame and a shielding unit, comprises a gas collection assembly, a buffer assembly and a fertilizer feeding assembly, the multispectral camera is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the UAV body, the fixing frame is fixedly installed at the right side of the multispectral camera, the shielding unit is installed around the gas collection assembly, the gas collection assembly and the fertilizer feeding assembly are both installed on the fixing frame, the fertilizer feeding assembly is installed at the right side of the gas collection assembly, and the buffer assembly is installed below the gas collection assembly and the fertilizer feeding assembly. The application solves the problem of how to ensure the accuracy of gas collection and realizes the effect of fertilizing the peasant household forest land after the gas collection is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forestry carbon sequestration technology, specifically a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] The Small-Scale Farmers' Forestry Carbon Sequestration Accounting and Monitoring System is a system that uses modern technologies and methods to monitor and measure the forest land of small-scale farmers to understand the vegetation growth and soil carbon stock of the forest land, thereby accurately calculating its carbon sequestration capacity and developing scientific management plans for farmers to promote the stability and development of the forest land ecosystem.

[0003] Ground-based observation technology mainly involves installing observation points, observation towers, and weather stations to monitor indicators such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, soil CO2 emission rate, water evaporation, and photosynthetic rate in forest ecosystems. This allows for accurate assessment of changes in the carbon storage of forest systems. One method for monitoring atmospheric CO2 concentration involves collecting gas samples from farmland. The collected gases are processed to meet analytical requirements before being sent to analytical instruments to obtain the concentrations and trends of CO2 and other gases. Finally, the analytical results are integrated into the monitoring system for data integration and analysis to determine the changing trends of carbon sinks and carbon storage in farmland. Through these technologies, dynamic monitoring and management of carbon cycling in farmland can be achieved.

[0004] During the process of collecting gases for forestry carbon sequestration monitoring by farmers, the surrounding environment varies due to different times of day and weather conditions. Environmental factors include temperature, gas flow rate, and gas content. Under these circumstances, it is impossible to control whether the absorbed gas is the average value of the day through gas monitoring, which will affect the accuracy of forestry carbon sequestration monitoring. In addition, after multiple tests, some gas will remain in the collector, which will mix with the newly collected gas in the next use, further affecting the accuracy of forestry carbon sequestration monitoring.

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention designs a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration estimation and monitoring system, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sink estimation and monitoring system. This system aims to improve the accuracy of forestry carbon sink monitoring by monitoring the increase in greenhouse gases in aboveground biomass at different times, analyzing the changing trend of project carbon sink and carbon storage, thereby achieving the above-mentioned objective.

[0007] A small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system includes a drone, a multispectral camera, a mounting bracket, and a shielding unit. It comprises a gas collection component, a buffer component, and a fertilizer dispensing component. The drone's propellers are affected by external factors while flying over forest land; therefore, protective covers are installed on the propellers to protect them. The multispectral camera is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drone, enabling it to collect data on forest area, vegetation coverage, and vegetation growth status while collecting gas data over the forest. The mounting bracket is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drone to the right of the multispectral camera. The shielding unit is fixed... The components are installed around the gas collection component to ensure the stability of the airflow during gas collection. Both the gas collection component and the fertilizer delivery component are rotatably mounted on the fixed frame. The fertilizer delivery component is installed on the right side of the gas collection component. The gas collection component and the fertilizer delivery component work together to fertilize the forest land where the drone is located after gas collection is completed. The buffer component is fixedly installed below the gas collection component and the fertilizer delivery component to buffer and reduce shock when the drone touches the ground during takeoff and landing, thereby ensuring the safety of the drone during takeoff and landing and improving the stability of the gas collection component and the fertilizer delivery component during use.

[0008] The preferred gas collection assembly includes an air pump, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a collection box, an exhaust gas box, a collection port, an outlet, a baffle, a coil spring, a limiting plate, a first locking block, a first mounting ring, a first limiting groove, a first limiting block, a first spring, and a first rotating ring. The air pump is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body. A coil spring is fixedly installed inside the first rotating ring. The end of the coil spring away from the fixed frame is fixedly connected to the rotating ring. The coil spring can store a certain amount of elastic potential energy, thereby providing a power source for the first rotating ring. A first rotating ring is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame, causing the first mounting ring to rotate. A first limiting block is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating ring away from the fixed frame. A first limiting groove is formed on the inner side of the first mounting ring, cooperating with the first limiting block. The cooperation between the first limiting block and the first limiting groove ensures the position of the first mounting ring. A first spring is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of one end of the first limiting block. The first mounting ring rotates along with the first spring. This design facilitates the installation of the first mounting ring onto the first rotating ring. Multiple collection boxes and waste gas boxes are staggered at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the first mounting ring, allowing for the clearing of residual gas in the air pump before gas collection begins, ensuring the accuracy of the collected gas samples. A limiting plate is installed at the end of the collection box and waste gas box furthest from the fixed frame, ensuring that the collection port on the collection box aligns with the air pump outlet during the rotation of the first mounting ring. A baffle connected to the limiting plate is slidably installed inside the collection box and waste gas box, with rubber sheets around its perimeter to ensure the sealing of the collection box. A collection port is located at the end of the collection box and waste gas box furthest from the mounting ring, and an outlet is located at the end closest to the mounting ring. The gas collection assembly works in conjunction with the buffer assembly to input the residual gas sample from the previous forest area into the waste gas box, which is then fed into the buffer assembly through a pipe, thus preventing interference from the previous gas sample in the air pump for the next gas collection.

[0009] Preferably, the air inlet and outlet pipes are equipped with filters to prevent large dust particles from entering the collection box. The filter mesh size is 0.45 μm. When the air pump is working, due to the complex airflow and gas conditions above the farmland and woodland, the shielding unit, in conjunction with the air pump, can ensure that the gas in the area to be collected tends to be stable. However, the gas in the atmosphere still contains impurities. The 0.45 μm filter can filter out the impurities in the atmosphere and retain only the required gas. The 0.45 μm filter, in conjunction with the shielding unit, can ensure that the air pump collects the required gas sample. An auxiliary filter is installed in the collection port to allow the gas to enter the collection box at a uniform speed. The one-way valve can prevent pollutants in the external air from entering the collection box. The one-way valve can allow the gas to be collected to enter the collection box at a faster and more stable speed. The one-way valve can ensure that the gas to be collected is not disturbed. The one-way valve can ensure that the gas in the collection box does not flow back into the air pump's outlet pipe during the collection process, thereby avoiding contamination of the collected gas sample by the external environment and ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the collected gas sample.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of the outlet pipe diameter to the inlet pipe diameter of the air pump is 2:1. This increases the area of ​​the inlet and decreases the area of ​​the outlet, thereby increasing the gas flow rate. When collecting gas samples, the air pump can collect a large amount of gas. The reduced outlet area increases the flow rate as the gas passes through the outlet pipe, thus improving the efficiency of gas collection. The 2:1 ratio of the outlet pipe diameter to the collection port diameter also increases the flow rate of gas into the collection port, thereby increasing the speed at which the air pump collects gas.

[0011] The preferred fertilizer dispensing assembly includes a feeding box, a second baffle, a second mounting ring, a second rotating ring, a second limiting block, a second limiting groove, a second limiting plate, and a second spring. The second rotating ring is rotatably mounted on a fixed frame. A second limiting block is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the second rotating ring away from the fixed frame. A second limiting groove is formed on the inner side of the second mounting ring, which mates with the second limiting block. The cooperation between the second limiting block and the second limiting groove ensures the position of the second mounting ring and prevents it from slipping out of position during rotation. To address the displacement phenomenon, a spring is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of one end of the second limiting block. The second limiting block and the second spring cooperate to facilitate the installation of the second mounting ring onto the second rotating ring. Material boxes are installed at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the second mounting ring. A second baffle is installed at the end of the material box away from the fixed frame. One corner of the second baffle is rotatably connected to the material box. A connecting column connected to the gas collection box is fixedly installed on the side of the material box, thereby enabling fertilization of the forest land after gas collection, ensuring the accuracy of gas sample collection.

[0012] Preferably, a fixing plate is installed at the lower end of the fixing frame, and an intercepting block is provided at the lower end of the fertilizer box to lock the second baffle. The end of the second baffle away from the locking block is fixedly connected to the fertilizer box. The intercepting block is trapezoidal in shape with a groove, and the second baffle can be locked in the groove of the intercepting block. This prevents the second baffle from automatically opening the fertilizer box due to its own weight during the flight of the drone, thus preventing fertilizer spillage. The second baffle and the fixing plate work together to automatically open the fertilizer box, thereby enabling fertilizer to be applied to the collection area after collection is completed.

[0013] The preferred buffer assembly includes an airbag, a delivery pipe, a landing gear, a partition, an airbag depressurization valve, and a mounting slot. The landing gear is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the UAV body, and the bottom end of the landing gear has a mounting slot for installing the airbag. The air outlet of the delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the airbag, and the air inlet of the delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the waste box. The airbag is fixedly connected to the partition, thereby enabling the gas collection assembly to supply air to the airbag, thus enabling the UAV to play a buffering and shock-absorbing role during takeoff and landing. The airbag depressurization valve is fixedly installed on the airbag, thereby preventing the airbag from bursting due to over-inflation.

[0014] Preferably, a spring is installed between the airbag and the partition. The spring can alleviate the vibration and turbulence generated by the drone during take-off and landing. Through the cooperation of the airbag and the spring, a double buffer is achieved. On uneven ground such as in forestry, the drone is buffered on the one hand, and the stability of the gas collection component and fertilizer delivery component is ensured on the other hand.

[0015] Preferably, the shielding unit includes a shield and an electric push rod. The electric push rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body. The shield is a retractable shield. When the UAV moves to the area to be sampled, the shield is in a retracted state, thereby reducing the drag of the UAV flight and saving the UAV's energy. One end of the shield is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body, and the other end is fixedly installed at the extension end of the electric push rod. When the UAV is collecting gas samples, the shield is in an extended state, thereby ensuring that the airflow in the area to be sampled is not affected by the downward airflow of the UAV wings, thus achieving the accuracy of gas sample collection.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system, which analyzes the CO2 concentration at different locations above the forest land, and utilizes a gas collection component and a shielding unit in combination. The shielding unit ensures that the airflow in the collection area is not affected by the downward airflow when the drone hovers while the gas collection component collects gas samples, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the gas samples.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system, which uses a gas collection component and a fertilizer application component in combination to enable the fertilization of the area while collecting gas separately. The hierarchical layout ensures that no gas is mixed into the collection box before each gas collection, thereby ensuring that the fertilizer application does not change the composition of the gas sample in the area to be collected, and further improving the accuracy of the collected gas samples.

[0019] 3. The present invention provides a small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system, which uses a gas collection component and a buffer component in combination to enable the gas sample remaining in the air pump to inflate the airbag, thereby achieving buffering and shock absorption for the take-off and landing of the drone, and thus cleaning up the gas remaining in the air pump. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of the gas collection component of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the gas collection component of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the buffer component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a left view of the first mounting ring of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a front view of the fertilizer dispensing component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer dispensing component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a left view of the second mounting ring of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a front view of the occlusion component of the present invention;

[0030] In the image: 1. Drone body; 2. Multispectral camera; 3. Mounting bracket; 4. Masking unit; 41. Electric push rod;

[0031] 42. Shielding cover; 5. Gas collection assembly; 51. Air pump; 52. Gas delivery pipe; 53. Coil spring; 54. Limiting plate; 55. No. 1 baffle; 56. Collection box; 57. No. 1 mounting ring; 58. No. 1 rotating ring; 59. Collection port; 510. No. 1 limiting groove; 511. No. 1 locking block; 512. No. 1 limiting block; 513. Exhaust gas box; 514. One-way valve; 6. Fertilizer dispensing assembly; 61. Loading box; 62. No. 2 baffle; 63. No. 2 locking block; 64. No. 2 limiting groove; 65. No. 2 mounting ring;

[0032] 66. Limiting block No. 2; 67. Rotating ring No. 2; 68. Intercepting block 7. Buffer assembly; 71. Delivery pipe; 72. Airbag;

[0033] 73. Divider; 74. Landing gear.

[0034] Specific Implementation Cases

[0035] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown: This invention provides a small-scale forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system for farmers, including a drone body 1, a multispectral camera 2, a mounting bracket 3, and a shielding unit 4. It also includes a gas collection component 5, a buffer component 7, and a fertilizer dispensing component 6. The drone's propellers are affected by external factors while flying over forest land; therefore, protective covers are installed on the drone propellers to protect them. The multispectral camera 2 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drone body 1, enabling the drone to collect data on forest area, vegetation coverage, and vegetation growth status while collecting gas data over the forest. The mounting bracket 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drone body 1 to the right of the multispectral camera 2. The shielding unit... The element 4 is fixedly installed around the gas collection component 5, thus ensuring the stability of the airflow during the gas collection process. Both the gas collection component 5 and the fertilizer delivery component 6 are rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 3. The fertilizer delivery component 6 is installed on the right side of the gas collection component 5. The gas collection component 5 and the fertilizer delivery component 6 work together to fertilize the forest land where the drone is located after the gas collection is completed. The buffer component 7 is fixedly installed below the gas collection component 5 and the fertilizer delivery component 6, thus providing cushioning and shock absorption when the drone touches the ground during takeoff and landing, thereby ensuring the safety of the drone during takeoff and landing and improving the stability of the gas collection component 5 and the fertilizer delivery component 6 during use.

[0037] When the drone collects gas samples, it first uses the real-time image transmitted by the multispectral camera 2 to determine the area where samples need to be collected. Before the work begins, when the drone arrives at the area to be collected, the shielding unit 4 is in a retracted state to reduce the drag of the drone during flight. When it arrives at the area to be collected, the drone stops and the shielding unit 4 is in an extended state to ensure that the downdraft of the drone does not affect the airflow in the collection area when collecting gas samples, thus achieving the accuracy of gas collection. When the air pump 51 collects the gas sample from the previous time and arrives at the next collection area, there will be residual gas in the air pump 51. By inputting the residual gas sample in the air pump 51 into the buffer component 7, the residual gas sample in the air pump 51 is cleaned up on the one hand, and the gas source is provided to the buffer component 7 on the other hand.

[0038] Existing technologies for monitoring forest carbon sequestration typically employ handheld gas samplers for gas sample analysis. While these samplers offer advantages due to their ease of operation and portability, the accuracy of the data collected by handheld gas samplers is affected by environmental factors. Furthermore, the manual sampling process, requiring staff to collect samples at each point, hinders interference-free and multi-point sampling, thus compromising the accuracy of the collected gas samples. This application addresses this by combining a gas collection component 5, a fertilizer application component 6, a buffer component 7, and a shielding unit 4. This approach ensures the accuracy of gas sample collection while simultaneously fertilizing the vegetation in the collected area, thereby increasing the forest carbon sequestration's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.

[0039] like Figure 2-3The gas collection assembly 5 shown includes an air pump 51, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a collection box 56, an exhaust gas box 513, a collection port 59, an outlet, a baffle, a coil spring 53, a limiting plate 54, a first locking block 511, a first mounting ring 57, a first limiting groove 510, a first limiting block 512, a first spring, and a first rotating ring 58. The air pump 51 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body 1. A coil spring 53 is fixedly installed inside the first rotating ring 58. One end of the coil spring 53 is fixedly installed to the fixing frame 3, and the end of the coil spring 53 away from the fixing frame 3 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring. The coil spring 53 can... It can store a certain amount of elastic potential energy, thus providing a power source for the rotation of the first rotating ring 58. The coil spring 53 does not require any other additional energy, reducing the energy consumption of the drone during the collection process, thereby ensuring that the drone can work for a longer time. The first rotating ring 58, which rotates the first mounting ring 57, is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 3, so that the first mounting ring 57 rotates with the first rotating ring 58. A first limiting block 512 is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating ring 58 away from the fixed frame 3, and a first limiting block 512 is opened on the inner side of the first mounting ring 57. The first limiting groove 510 and the first limiting block 512 cooperate with each other to ensure the position of the first mounting ring 57, thereby ensuring that the first mounting ring 57 can rotate with the first rotating ring 58. A first spring is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of one end of the first limiting block 512. Through the cooperation of the first limiting block 512 and the first spring, the first limiting block 512 will be locked in the first limiting groove 510 during the installation process. The first limiting block 512 is L-shaped, and a first locking block 511 for installing the spring is opened on one side of the L-shaped limiting block. After mounting the first mounting ring 57 onto the first rotating ring 58, the first locking block 511 locks one end of the first mounting ring 57, thus ensuring that the first mounting ring 57 will not shift left or right during rotation. After the collection is completed, simply press down the first locking block 511 to remove the first mounting ring 57, which facilitates the disassembly of the first mounting ring. Multiple collection boxes 56 and waste gas boxes 513 are installed at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the first mounting ring 57, thereby cleaning the residual gas in the gas pump 51 before the gas collection begins, ensuring the accuracy of the collected gas samples.

[0040] A limiting plate 54 is installed at the end of the collection box 56 and the waste gas box 513 away from the fixing frame 3, so that the collection port 59 on the collection box 56 can be aligned with the gas outlet of the gas pump 51 during the rotation of the first mounting ring 57. Inside the collection box 56 and the waste gas box 513, a baffle connected to the limiting plate 54 is slidably installed. During the gas sample collection process, as more and more gas accumulates in the collection box 56, the baffle slides towards the bottom of the collection box 56 until the collection box 56 is full. Then, the first mounting ring 57 rotates to switch to the waste box, and the residual gas in the gas pump 51 is cleaned during the next gas collection. Rubber sheets are installed around the baffle to ensure that the baffle slides towards the bottom of the collection box 56 during the collection process. The gas in the collection box 56 is effectively separated to ensure that the collected gas sample does not mix with the original gas, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the collected gas sample. The collection box 56 and the exhaust gas box 513 have a collection port 59 at the end away from the mounting ring and an exhaust gas port at the end closer to the mounting ring. During the gas collection process, the original gas sample in the collection box 56 will flow out through the exhaust gas port as the baffle slides. The gas collection component 5 and the buffer component 7 work together to input the gas sample from the previous forest area remaining in the air pump 51 into the exhaust gas box 513 and then into the buffer component 7 through the pipeline, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the gas sample remaining in the air pump 51 from the previous gas collection will interfere with the gas collected next time.

[0041] The air pump has an outlet-to-inlet diameter ratio of 2:1, which increases the inlet area and decreases the outlet area, thereby increasing the gas flow rate. This allows the air pump to collect a large volume of gas during sample collection. When the pump begins collection, the inlet pipe picks up a significant amount of gas. Because the outlet pipe's diameter is half that of the inlet pipe, the gas flow rate through the outlet pipe is low, but the velocity is high, further increasing the speed at which the gas sample enters the collection chamber. The reduced outlet area also increases the flow rate, thus improving the efficiency of gas collection.

[0042] The ratio of the diameter of the outlet pipe of the air pump 51 to the diameter of the collection port 59 is 2:1. During the gas collection process, due to the gap between the collection port and the limiting plate, when the first rotating ring 58 rotates, the collection box 56 and the waste gas box 513 are in contact with the outlet pipe and are limited to rotate. Because the diameter of the outlet pipe is twice as large as the diameter of the collection port, on the one hand, the gap between the collection port and the limiting plate is reduced to avoid the phenomenon of missing collection, and on the other hand, the gas flow speed of the outlet pipe is increased, so that the collected gas can smoothly enter the collection box 56.

[0043] The lower end of the first baffle 55 is provided with a locking block that locks the first baffle 55. The thickness of the locking block is 2mm. When no gas is being collected, the locking block can prevent the first baffle 55 from slipping due to its own weight. When collecting gas, the first baffle 55 will move towards the bottom of the collection box 56. If the thickness of the locking block is greater than 2mm, the force of the gas pushing the first baffle 55 will be insufficient to push the locking block.

[0044] A one-way valve is installed inside the collection port 59 of the collection box 56. This one-way valve prevents pollutants from the outside air from entering the collection box 56. It allows the gas to be collected to enter the collection box 56 at a faster and more stable rate, ensuring that the collected gas is not disturbed. The one-way valve also prevents the gas in the collection box 56 from flowing back into the outlet pipe of the air pump 51 during the collection process, thus avoiding contamination of the collected gas sample by the external environment and ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the collected gas sample. Filters are installed at the inlet and outlet pipes to screen out large dust particles from the air and prevent them from entering the collection box. The filter screen has a mesh size of 0.45μm. When the air pump is working, the airflow and gas above the farmland are relatively complex. The shielding unit works with the air pump to ensure that the gas in the area to be collected is relatively stable. However, the gas in the atmosphere still contains impurities. The 0.45μm filter screen can filter out the impurities in the atmosphere and retain only the required gas. The 0.45μm filter screen, together with the shielding unit, can ensure that the air pump collects the required gas sample. The gas sample collected by the air pump can pass through the filter screen at a uniform speed. The filter screen works with the one-way valve to ensure that the gas sample flows stably when entering the collection box, thereby avoiding the situation of gas sample contamination when entering the collection box.

[0045] like Figure 5As shown, the fertilizer dispensing assembly 6 includes a feeding box 61, a second baffle 62, a second mounting ring 65, a second rotating ring 67, a second limiting block 66, a second limiting groove 64, a second limiting plate 54, and a second spring. The second rotating ring 67 is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 3. The second limiting block 66 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the second rotating ring 67 away from the fixed frame 3. The second limiting groove 64, which mates with the second limiting block 66, is formed on the inner side of the second mounting ring 65. The second limiting block 66 and the second limiting groove 64 mate to ensure the position of the second mounting ring 65, thereby ensuring that the second mounting ring 65 can move with the second limiting plate 54. As the rotating ring 67 rotates, a second spring is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of both ends of the second limiting block 66. Through the cooperation between the second limiting block 66 and the second spring, the second limiting block 66 will be locked in the second limiting groove 64 during the installation process. The second limiting block 66 is L-shaped, and the bottom surface of both ends of the second limiting block 66 has mounting grooves for installing springs. After the second mounting ring 65 is installed on the second rotating ring 67, the second locking block 63 locks one end of the second mounting ring 65, and the other end of the second mounting ring 65 is locked by the other end of the L-shaped limiting block, thereby ensuring that the second mounting ring 65 will not move left or right during the rotation.

[0046] After fertilization, simply press down the second locking block 63 to remove the second mounting ring 65, thus facilitating its installation and disassembly. A loading box 61 is evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the second mounting ring 65. A second baffle 62 is installed at the end of the loading box 61 away from the fixing frame 3. One corner of the baffle 62 is rotatably connected to the loading box 61. A cutting plate is installed at the bottom of the fixing frame 3 near the loading box 61. The loading box 61 can open the second baffle 62 during rotation, thus enabling fertilization of the forest land. A connecting column connected to the gas collection box is fixedly installed on the side of the loading box 61, allowing fertilization to be performed on the forest land after gas collection, ensuring that gas sample collection is not affected by fertilization.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, a fixing plate is installed at the lower end of the fixing frame 3, and an intercepting block 68 is provided at the lower end of the fertilizer box to lock the second baffle 62. The end of the second baffle 62 away from the intercepting block 68 is fixedly connected to the fertilizer box. The intercepting block 68 is trapezoidal with a groove. The second baffle 62 can be locked in the groove of the intercepting block 68. Before the drone takes off, the second baffle 62 is moved away and fertilizer is introduced. On the one hand, the fertilizer in the loading box 61 is blocked. On the other hand, the second baffle 62 will not automatically open the loading box 61 due to its own weight during the drone's flight, causing the fertilizer to spill. After the gas collection is completed, the second rotating ring is rotated by the power provided by the first rotating ring 58. The second baffle 62 and the fixing plate cooperate to automatically open the loading box, thereby realizing the fertilizer application to the collection area after the collection is completed.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the buffer assembly 7 includes an airbag 72, a delivery pipe 71, a landing gear 74, a partition 73, an airbag 72 pressure relief valve, and a mounting slot. The landing gear 74 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the UAV body 1. A mounting slot for installing the airbag 72 is provided at the bottom end of the landing gear 74. The air outlet of the delivery pipe 71 is fixedly connected to the airbag 72, and the air inlet of the delivery pipe 71 is fixedly connected to the exhaust gas box 513. An exhaust pipe is installed on the side of the exhaust gas box 513 near the air inlet, and a cover is installed at the top of the exhaust pipe. During the process of supplying air to the airbag 72, the exhaust gas box 513 rotates and touches the delivery pipe 71, which will open the cover of the exhaust pipe outlet of the exhaust gas box 513, thereby enabling the gas collection assembly to supply air to the airbag 72. Magnets are installed on both the box 513 and the outlet of the delivery pipe 71. By using the principle of like poles attracting, gas leakage will not occur at the outlet of the delivery pipe 52 and the outlet of the delivery pipe during the gas delivery process. The airbag 72 is fixedly connected to the partition 73. The partition 73 can separate the airbag 72 from the uneven road surface in the forest, preventing the airbag 72 from being damaged when it comes into contact with the road surface. This ensures that the drone plays a good role in cushioning and shock absorption during take-off and landing. Since a lot of exhaust gas is generated during the gas collection process, the exhaust gas box 513 will continuously supply air to the airbag 72. Therefore, an airbag pressure relief valve is fixedly installed on the airbag 72 to prevent the airbag 72 from bursting due to over-inflation.

[0049] like Figure 7-9 As shown, the buffer component 7 works in conjunction with the gas collection component 5 to supply gas to the airbag 72 through the waste gas box 513, thereby cleaning the residual gas sample in the air pump 51 to avoid collecting inaccurate gas samples, and supplying gas to the airbag 72 to ensure that the collected gas sample is not damaged due to lack of buffering during descent.

[0050] A spring is installed between the airbag 72 and the partition 73. The spring can alleviate the vibration and turbulence generated by the drone during take-off and landing. Through the cooperation of the airbag 72 and the spring, a double buffer is achieved. On uneven ground such as forestry, the drone is buffered on the one hand, and the stability of the gas collection component 5 and fertilizer delivery component 6 is ensured on the other hand.

[0051] The shielding unit 4 includes a shielding cover 42 and an electric push rod 41. The electric push rod 41 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body 1. The shielding cover 42 is a retractable shielding cover. When the UAV moves to the area to be collected, the shielding cover 42 is in a retracted state, thereby reducing the drag of the UAV flight and reducing the time it takes for the UAV to reach the area to be monitored. One end of the shielding cover 42 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body 1, and the other end is fixedly installed with the extension end of the electric push rod 41. When the UAV collects gas samples, the shielding cover 42 is in an extended state, thereby ensuring that the airflow in the area to be collected is not affected by the downward airflow of the UAV wings, thus achieving the accuracy of gas sample collection. The gas collection component 5 cooperates with the shielding unit 4. When the UAV reaches the area to be collected, the electric push rod 41 is activated during the gas collection process to unfold the retractable shielding cover 42, avoiding the downward airflow of the UAV wings from affecting the gas in the collection area. After the collection is completed, the push rod is activated to pull back the electric push rod 41 to retract the shielding cover 42.

[0052] When conducting forestry carbon sequestration monitoring, staff use drones to survey the forest area, measuring the forest area, vegetation cover, and monitoring areas in real time. During the drone's flight, the shield 42 is retracted, minimizing wind resistance and allowing for rapid arrival at the monitoring area. Before gas collection begins, the electric push rod 41 unfolds the retractable shield 42, and the air pump 51 is activated to transfer the existing gas into the waste gas box 513. Once the waste gas box 51 is full, the baffle descends, and the coil spring 53 rotates the rotating ring. The rotating ring drives the mounting ring containing the waste gas box 513 and the collection box 56 to rotate, switching to the collection box 56 to collect gas samples. At this time, the waste gas box 513 rotates to the delivery pipe 71 to supply gas to the airbag 72 and supplies gas to the airbag 72. After the gas collection is completed, the mounting ring rotates to switch to the waste gas box 513. The loading box 61 of the fertilizer delivery component 6 is connected to the collection box 56 through the connecting column. When switching to the waste gas box 513 after the gas collection is completed, fertilizer is delivered. After all the gas is collected, the drone is recovered and landed through the airbag 72 to achieve the effect of landing buffer.

[0053] The data collected by the multispectral camera of this invention can be used to estimate the carbon sequestration of forestry by small-scale farmers.

[0054] The following table was generated by measuring data from 6 mu of woodland belonging to a farmer.

[0055] Table 1 shows the forestry carbon sequestration statistics for small-scale farmers;

[0056] Table 2-3 shows the changes in carbon storage in the carbon pool of forest trees and bamboo forests;

[0057] Table 4-5 shows the baseline carbon storage changes in forest and bamboo forests;

[0058] 1. Forestry carbon sequestration accounting and forest statistics for small-scale farmers:

[0059]

[0060] Table 1

[0061] 2. Calculate the change in carbon storage in the forest carbon pool using the following formula based on the measured data.

[0062] Calculate the carbon storage of a single tree:

[0063]

[0064] Changes in carbon storage of large-scale forests: ΔC proj_T,A,ik,t =(C proj_T,A,ik,t -C proj_T,A,ik,t-1 )*44 / 12

[0065] ΔC proj_T,B,ik,t =(C proj_T,B,ik,t -C proj_T,B,ik,t-1 )*44 / 12

[0066] The variables in the above formula are as follows:

[0067] i: land parcel;

[0068] k: Tree species;

[0069] w: Volume of a single tree (m²) 3 .strain -1 );

[0070] d: Timber density (tons dry weight / cubic meter, tDM / m³) 3 );

[0071] bef: Biomass expansion factor;

[0072] cf: Average carbon content;

[0073] s: Area s (ha, hectares);

[0074] R: Rhizome-to-root ratio, which is the ratio of underground biomass to aboveground biomass.

[0075] Calculation of changes in carbon storage in forest carbon pool

[0076]

[0077] Table 2

[0078] 3. Calculate the change in carbon storage in the bamboo forest carbon pool using the following formula based on the measured data.

[0079] Calculate the carbon storage of a single bamboo plant: ΔCproj_Ba,A,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,A,ik,t *cf k *44 / 12

[0080] Changes in carbon storage in large bamboo forests: ΔC proj_Ba,A,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,A,ik,t *cf k *s ik *44 / 12

[0081] ΔC proj_Ba,B,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,B,ik,t *cf k *s ik *44 / 12

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The variables in the above formula are as follows:

[0085] ΔB proj_Ba,A,ik,t Changes in aboveground biomass per unit area of ​​bamboo forest (tDM.hm) -2 .Year -1 );

[0086] ΔB proj_Ba,B,ik,t Changes in underground biomass per unit area of ​​bamboo forest (tDM.hm) -2 .Year -1 );

[0087] B proj_Ba,A,ik,Max Aboveground biomass per unit area (tDM.hm) when bamboo forest reaches stability -2 );

[0088] B proj_Ba,B,ik,Max : Underground biomass per unit area (tDM.hm) when bamboo forest reaches stability -2 );

[0089] s ik Bamboo forest area (hm) 2 );

[0090] T k The number of years it takes for a bamboo forest to reach a stable state.

[0091] Calculation of carbon storage changes in bamboo forest carbon pool

[0092]

[0093] Table 3

[0094] 4. Calculate the change in baseline carbon storage of forest trees using formulas based on the measured data.

[0095] Carbon storage calculation for a single tree:

[0096]

[0097] Calculation method for baseline carbon storage change: ΔC bsl,A,i,t =(ΔC) bsl,A,i,t -ΔC bsl,A,i,t-1 )*44 / 12

[0098] ΔC bsl,B,i,t =(ΔC) bsl,B,i,t -ΔC bsl,B,i,t-1 )*44 / 12

[0099] ΔC bsl,A,i,t =ΔC bsl,B,i,t =0

[0100] According to Table 2-3 above, it can be predicted that by the end of 2023, the carbon reserve content of trees and bamboo forests in farmers' 6 mu of forest land will increase year by year, thus indicating that the development of trees and bamboo forests in this area is gradually increasing.

[0101]

[0102] Table 4

[0103] 5. Calculate the change in baseline carbon storage of bamboo forest using formulas based on the measured data.

[0104] Carbon storage calculation of a single tree: ΔC proj_Ba,A,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,A,ik,t *cf k *44 / 12

[0105] Calculation method for baseline carbon storage change: ΔC proj_Ba,A,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,A,ik,t *cf k *s ik *44 / 12

[0106] ΔC proj_Ba,B,ik,t =ΔB proj_Ba,B,ik,t *cf k *s ik *44 / 12

[0107] ΔC bsl,A,i,t =ΔC bsl,B,i,t =0

[0108] Bamboo forest baseline carbon storage change

[0109]

[0110] Table 5

[0111] Based on Table 2-3, the actual values ​​in Table 4-5 are derived. It can be seen that the baseline carbon storage of trees and bamboo forests should also increase accordingly. In subsequent actual surveys, the growth rate of actual carbon sink and baseline carbon storage can be compared to measure the range of carbon sink reduction or increase, thus providing certain data monitoring for maintaining ecological balance.

[0112] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and beneficial effects of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its effects and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system, comprising a drone body (1), a multispectral camera (2), a mounting frame (3), and a shielding unit (4), characterized in that: The system includes a gas collection component (5), a buffer component (7), and a fertilizer dispensing component (6). The multispectral camera (2) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body (1). The mounting bracket (3) is fixedly installed on the right side of the multispectral camera (2). The gas collection component (5) that can change different working states is installed on the left side of the mounting bracket (3). The gas collection component (5) is equipped with a shielding unit (4) at the top of the gas collection component (5) to stabilize the airflow when the gas collection component (5) is working. The fertilizer dispensing component (6) that works with the gas collection component (5) to fertilize the forest after collection is completed is installed on the right side of the gas collection component (5). The buffer component (7) that works with the gas collection component (5) to collect the residual waste gas inside the gas collection component (5) is installed below the gas collection component (5). The gas collection assembly (5) includes: an air pump (51), an air supply pipe (52), a collection box (56), an exhaust gas box (513), a collection port (59), a first baffle (55), a coil spring (53), a limiting plate (54), a first locking block (511), a first mounting ring (57), a first limiting groove (510), a first limiting block (512), and a first rotating ring (58). The air pump (51) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the UAV body (1). An air supply pipe (52) is fixedly installed on the air pump (51). A coil spring (53) that provides power to the first rotating ring (58) is rotatably installed on the fixing frame (3). A first limiting block (512) is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating ring (58) away from the fixing frame (3). One end of the bottom surface of the first limiting block (512) is fixed. A first locking block (511) is fixedly installed to lock the first rotating ring (58). The inner side of the first mounting ring (57) is provided with a first limiting groove (510) that cooperates with the first limiting block (512). Multiple collection boxes (56) and exhaust gas boxes (513) are installed at equal intervals on the outer circumferential surface of the first mounting ring (57). A limiting plate (54) is installed on one side inside the collection box (56) and the exhaust gas box (513) to align the exhaust port with the collection port (59). A first baffle (55) connected to the limiting plate (54) is slidably installed inside the collection box (56) and the exhaust gas box (513). An exhaust gas inlet for entering the buffer component is opened on the left side of the exhaust gas box (513). A collection port (59) is opened at the end of the collection box (56) and the exhaust gas box (513) away from the mounting ring. The fertilizer dispensing assembly includes a feeding box (61), a second baffle (62), a second mounting ring (65), a second rotating ring (67), a second limiting block (66), a second limiting groove (64), a second locking block (63), and a connecting column. The second rotating ring (67) is rotatably mounted on the fixing frame (3). A second limiting block (66) is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the second rotating ring (67) away from the fixing frame (3) to stabilize the rotation of the second rotating ring (67). A second limiting block (66) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of one end of the second limiting block (66) to prevent the feeding box (61) from rotating. 1) The second card block (63) moves left and right. The inner side of the second mounting ring (65) is provided with a second limiting groove (64) that cooperates with the second limiting block (66). The outer circumferential surface of the second mounting ring (65) is provided with a loading box (61) at equal intervals. The end of the loading box (61) away from the fixed frame (3) is provided with a second baffle (62) to block fertilizer. The side of the loading box (61) is fixedly installed with a connecting column connected to the gas collection component (5). The fertilizer dispensing component (6) can rotate with the gas collection component (5).

2. The small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas supply pipe (52) and the gas outlet pipe are equipped with a filter screen for uniformly entering the collection box (56) to collect the gas. The mesh size of the filter screen is 0.45μm. The collection port (59) is equipped with an auxiliary filter screen and a one-way valve (514) to make the gas enter the collection box (56) at a uniform speed.

3. The small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding unit (4) works with the air pump (51) to stabilize the airflow in the area to be collected. The ratio of the diameter of the air pump (51) inlet pipe to the diameter of the air outlet pipe is 2:1, and the ratio of the diameter of the air pump (51) outlet pipe to the diameter of the collection port (59) is 2:

1.

4. The small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the first baffle (55) is provided with a locking block to lock the first baffle (55). The locking block cooperates with the one-way valve (514) of the collection port (59) to collect data in sections. The thickness of the locking block is 1-3cm.

5. The small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the fixed frame (3) is equipped with a fixed plate, and the lower end of the fertilizer box is provided with an intercepting block (68) that locks the second baffle (62). The intercepting block (68) is trapezoidal in shape with a groove. The second baffle (62) can be locked in the groove of the intercepting block (68). The second baffle (62) and the fixed plate cooperate to automatically open the loading box (61).

6. The small-scale farmer forestry carbon sequestration accounting and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer assembly (7) includes an airbag (72), a delivery pipe (71), a landing gear (74), and a partition (73). The landing gear (74) is fixedly installed below the UAV body (1). The bottom of the landing gear (74) is hollow. An airbag (72) for protecting the gas collection assembly (5) is installed inside the landing gear (74). Delivery pipes (71) are installed on both sides of the airbag (72). The air inlets of the delivery pipes (71) are matched with the air inlets of the gas collection assembly (5). The airbag (72) is fixedly installed with a partition (73) below it, and a pressure relief valve is fixedly installed on the airbag (72). The shielding unit (4) includes a shielding cover (42) and an electric push rod (41). The bottom of the UAV body (1) is equipped with a shielding cover (42) that works with the gas collection component (5) to stabilize the airflow in the collection area. The shielding cover (42) is a retractable shielding cover (42). An electric push rod (41) is installed at one end of the shielding cover (42) away from the bottom surface of the UAV body (1).

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