An impact damping vibration absorbing device containing an acoustic black hole structure

Abstract

The application discloses an impact damping vibration absorbing device containing an acoustic black hole structure body, and belongs to the technical field of rail damping. The impact damping vibration absorbing device contains a mounting seat mounted at the bottom of a rail. The mounting seat, an elastic damping body, a resonant mass body and a damping body internally provided with the acoustic black hole structure body are sequentially connected from top to bottom. An elastic hinge is further mounted between the mounting seat and the resonant mass body, and the elastic hinge is located at one side of the elastic damping body. The elastic damping body, the resonant mass body and the elastic hinge constitute a dynamic vibration absorber. The application has the advantages of simple structure, and the resonant unit body, the impact mass body and the acoustic black hole can all play a role in vibration absorption, thereby enhancing the vibration absorption effect of the application, being easy to realize adjustment, and having wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure, belonging to the field of rail vibration reduction technology, and can be used for vibration and structural noise generated in mechanical structures such as automobiles, rail vehicles, and ships during operation. Background Technology

[0002] Vibration is ubiquitous in mechanical operation. Trains in motion, airplanes in flight, and ships in motion all generate vibrations. Vibration not only affects the performance of mechanical equipment, but it can also lead to safety issues such as loosening or even breakage of components. Therefore, vibration is generally undesirable. However, vibration during mechanical operation is inevitable and unavoidable; it is a natural phenomenon inherent in all moving machinery and engineering structures subjected to dynamic loads.

[0003] During train operation, there is a constant interaction and excitation between the wheels and the rails, causing the track system to vibrate and propagate to the surroundings. This is a major source of vibration and noise in rail transit.

[0004] Controlling vibration and noise at their source is the most effective method for reducing vibration and noise in rail transit. Patent document CN211285085U discloses a dynamic vibration absorber, whose key structures include a mass block with through holes, a spring, bolts, damping elements, and steel plates. The structure is relatively complex and absorbs vibrations in a specific frequency band. The kinetic energy of the rail absorbed by the steel ball is mainly consumed by the spring, resulting in poor vibration suppression.

[0005] Patent document CN107254814A discloses a multi-stage shear-type dynamic damping vibration absorber for rails. The main structure includes a multi-stage resonant assembly composed of a resonant mass and an elastic damping layer. After installation, it can only absorb vibrations in a specific frequency band, relying solely on the movement of the resonant mass within the damping layer to dissipate vibration energy.

[0006] The two existing technologies mentioned above consume vibration energy through a single structure, such as a spring or the movement of a resonant mass in a damping layer. As a result, the vibration absorption effect is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to design an impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole to improve its vibration absorption effect. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention addresses the technical problems mentioned in the background section by employing the following technical solution:

[0008] An impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure includes a mounting base installed at the bottom of a steel rail. The mounting base, an elastic damping body, a resonant mass, and a damping body with an acoustic black hole structure installed inside are connected sequentially from top to bottom. An elastic hinge is also installed between the mounting base and the resonant mass, and the elastic hinge is located on one side of the elastic damping body. The elastic damping body, the resonant mass, and the elastic hinge form a dynamic vibration absorber, which is used to change the resonant frequency through the elastic hinge, thereby achieving a vibration absorption effect.

[0009] It should be noted that the resonant frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the length of the elastic hinge.

[0010] As a preferred example, one end of the mounting base is provided with a groove, and the rail is fixed to the mounting base through the groove, so as to transmit the vibration of the rail to the power vibration absorber.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the damping body is further provided with a motion guide groove and an impact mass, and the acoustic black hole structure is installed below the damping body. The motion guide groove is installed above the damping body. The two ends of the motion guide groove form gaps with the resonant mass and the acoustic black hole structure, respectively. The impact mass is installed in the motion guide groove so that when the rail is undergoing vertical vibration, the impact mass reciprocates between the resonant mass, the motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure.

[0012] As a preferred example, when the impact mass does not collide with a resonant mass, the resonant frequencies ω of each order are... a The equivalent stiffness k1 of the elastic hinge and the equivalent modal mass m of the resonant mass are related to the following: a The following conditions must be met:

[0013]

[0014] Alternatively, when the impacting mass collides with the resonant mass, making contact and moving in the same direction, jointly compressing the elastic damping body and the elastic hinge, the resonant frequencies ω of each order... b The equivalent stiffness k2 of the elastic hinge and the equivalent modal mass m of the resonant mass body. a The equivalent modal mass m of the impact mass body c The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0015]

[0016] As a preferred example, there are multiple impact mass bodies;

[0017] The resonant mass m of each of the resonant mass bodies b Modal mass m corresponding to the peak vibration of the rail z The ratio μ1 = mb / m z The condition 0.1 << μ1 < 1 is satisfied;

[0018] The resonant mass m of each of the impact masses d The modal mass m corresponding to the peak vibration of the target principal vibration system being damped z The ratio μ2 = m d / m z It satisfies 0.1 << μ2 < 1.

[0019] It should be noted that the main vibration system refers to the vibration system used by vibration dampers in equipment with vibration functions such as automobiles and machine tools.

[0020] It should also be noted that the mass m of the elastic damping body t Modal mass m of the rail g The ratio μ3=m t / m z The damping loss factor of the elastic damper is in the range of 0.01-0.5, satisfying 0.01 << μ3 < 1.

[0021] As a preferred example, the motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure are fixed inside the damping body by bonding or vulcanization, and the equivalent stiffness of the motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure is greater than the equivalent stiffness of the damping body.

[0022] It should be noted that the material density and hardness of the resonant mass can be greater than, less than or equal to the material density and hardness of the main vibration system.

[0023] It should also be noted that the dynamic vibration absorber composed of the elastic damping body, resonant mass body and elastic hinge can be used for vibration control of the rail, treating the rail as the main vibration system, and installing the dynamic vibration absorber at the bottom of the rail through the mounting base.

[0024] As a preferred example, the mounting base is installed on the bottom of the rail by adhesive bonding. The mounting base, the elastic damping body, the resonant mass, and the damping body with an acoustic black hole structure installed inside are glued together in sequence from top to bottom. An elastic hinge is also glued between the mounting base and the resonant mass.

[0025] As a preferred example, the acoustic black hole structure is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; the motion guide channel is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; and the impact mass is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material.

[0026] It should be noted that the motion guide channel and acoustic black hole structure are firmly embedded in the elastic damping body by bonding or vulcanization. The motion guide channel can be made of metal materials such as 304 stainless steel or non-metallic materials such as plastic and nylon. The cross-sectional shape of the motion guide channel is a structure with one end open, including C-shaped, O-shaped, or square-shaped, and its equivalent stiffness is greater than that of the elastic damping body.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] The present invention has a simple structure. The resonant unit, the impact mass, and the acoustic black hole can all play a role in vibration absorption, thereby enhancing the vibration absorption effect of the present invention and making it easy to adjust the applicable scope of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural view of the dynamic vibration absorber with continuously adjustable resonant frequency as described in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a perspective structural view of the damping body in Example 2, which contains multiple impact masses and an acoustic black hole structure.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Damping body; 2. Acoustic black hole structure; 3. Impact mass; 4. Motion guide groove; 5. Resonant mass; 6. Elastic hinge; 7. Elastic damping body; 8. Mounting base; 9. Rail. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To facilitate a clear understanding of the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, an impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure includes a mounting base 8 installed at the bottom of a steel rail 9. The mounting base 8, an elastic damping body 7, a resonant mass 5, and a damping body 1 with an acoustic black hole structure 2 installed inside are connected sequentially from top to bottom. An elastic hinge 6 is also installed between the mounting base 8 and the resonant mass 5, and the elastic hinge 6 is located on one side of the elastic damping body 7. The elastic damping body 7, the resonant mass 5, and the elastic hinge 6 form a dynamic vibration absorber, which is used to change the resonant frequency through the elastic hinge 6, thereby achieving a vibration absorption effect.

[0036] A groove is provided at one end of the mounting base 8, and the rail 9 is fixed to the mounting base 8 through the groove, so as to transmit the vibration received by the rail 9 to the power vibration absorber.

[0037] The damper 1 is also equipped with a motion guide groove 4 and an impact mass 3. The acoustic black hole structure 2 is installed below the damper 1, and the motion guide groove 4 is installed above the damper 1. The two ends of the motion guide groove 4 form gaps with the resonant mass 5 and the acoustic black hole structure 2, respectively. The impact mass 3 is installed in the motion guide groove 4 and is used to reciprocate between the resonant mass 5, the motion guide groove 4 and the acoustic black hole structure 2 when the rail 9 is undergoing vertical vibration.

[0038] When the impact mass 3 does not collide with the resonant mass 5, the resonant frequencies ω of each order are... a The equivalent stiffness k1 of the elastic hinge and the equivalent modal mass m of the resonant mass body 5 are related to the following: a The following conditions must be met:

[0039]

[0040] Alternatively, when the impact mass 3 collides with the resonant mass 5, making contact and moving in the same direction, jointly compressing the elastic damping body 7 and the elastic hinge 6, the resonant frequencies ω of each order... b The equivalent stiffness k2 of the elastic hinge and the equivalent modal mass m of the resonant mass 5. a , Impact mass body 3 equivalent modal mass m c The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0041]

[0042] There are multiple impact mass bodies 3;

[0043] The resonant mass m of each resonant mass body 5 b The modal mass m corresponding to the peak vibration of rail 9 z The ratio μ1 = m b / m z The condition 0.1 << μ1 < 1 is satisfied;

[0044] The resonant mass m of each impact mass body 3 d The modal mass m corresponding to the peak vibration of the target principal vibration system being damped z The ratio μ2 = m d / m z It satisfies 0.1 << μ2 < 1.

[0045] Increase the equivalent modal mass m of a single resonant mass body 5 a The equivalent modal mass m of the impact mass body 3 c This can achieve the goal of reducing the peak vibration of the rail.

[0046] It should be noted that the vibration energy of the rail 9 is transferred to the acoustic black hole structure 2 by the impact mass 3, thereby accumulating energy and further consuming the vibration energy to form an impact damping vibration absorber.

[0047] Both of these motions of the impact mass 3 can dissipate the vibration energy of the rail 9 and suppress the propagation of vibration along the length of the rail 9.

[0048] The motion guide groove 4 and the acoustic black hole structure 2 are fixed inside the damping body 1 by bonding or vulcanization, and the equivalent stiffness of the motion guide groove 4 and the acoustic black hole structure 2 is greater than the equivalent stiffness of the damping body 1.

[0049] Mounting base 8 is installed at the bottom of rail 9 by adhesive. Mounting base 8, elastic damping body 7, resonant mass body 5, and damping body 1 with acoustic black hole structure 2 installed inside are glued together from top to bottom. Elastic hinge 6 is also glued between mounting base 8 and resonant mass body 5.

[0050] It should be noted that one end of the elastic hinge 6 is glued to the mounting base 8, and the other end is also glued to the resonant mass 5.

[0051] The acoustic black hole structure 2 is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; the motion guide 4 is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; and the impact mass 3 is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material.

[0052] like Figure 2 As described above, by changing the connection length of the elastic hinge 6 between the resonant mass 5 and the mounting base 8, the equivalent stiffness of the elastic hinge 6 is continuously adjusted, that is, the resonant frequency is continuously adjusted.

[0053] The applicable frequency range of this invention is 200Hz-1500Hz for lateral rail vibration and 200Hz-1500Hz for vertical rail vibration. It suppresses both lateral and vertical rail vibrations, broadening the suppression range compared to existing technologies. Under the structure of this embodiment, the expected reduction in rail vibration velocity is 10dB-15dB, and the corresponding reduction in noise radiation caused by rail vibration is 3dB(A)-8dB(A).

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1 described above, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the difference lies in that the motion guide 4 contains multiple impact masses 3 with different cross-sectional sizes, and the damping body 1 contains multiple acoustic black hole structures 2. By adjusting the size and number of impact masses and the number of acoustic black hole structures, the effect of the vibration absorption device can be adjusted.

[0056] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, all of which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure, comprising a mounting base installed at the bottom of a steel rail, characterized in that: It also includes an elastic damping body, a resonant mass, and a damping body with an acoustic black hole structure installed inside; the mounting base, the elastic damping body, the resonant mass, and the damping body with the acoustic black hole structure installed inside are connected sequentially from top to bottom, and an elastic hinge is installed between the mounting base and the resonant mass, with the elastic hinge located on one side of the elastic damping body; and the elastic damping body, the resonant mass, and the elastic hinge constitute a dynamic vibration absorber.

2. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove is provided at one end of the mounting base, and the rail is fixed to the mounting base through the groove, so as to transmit the vibration of the rail to the power vibration absorber.

3. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping body is further provided with a motion guide groove and an impact mass. The acoustic black hole structure is installed below the damping body, and the motion guide groove is installed above the damping body. The two ends of the motion guide groove form gaps with the resonant mass and the acoustic black hole structure, respectively. The impact mass is installed in the motion guide groove and is used to reciprocate between the resonant mass, the motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure when the rail is undergoing vertical vibration.

4. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the impacting mass does not collide with a resonant mass, the resonant frequencies of each order are... Equivalent stiffness of a flexible hinge Equivalent modal mass of resonant mass body The following conditions must be met: ； Alternatively, when the impacting mass collides with the resonant mass, making contact and moving in the same direction, jointly compressing the elastic damping body and the elastic hinge, the resonant frequencies of each order... Equivalent stiffness of a flexible hinge Equivalent modal mass of a resonant mass body Impact mass equivalent modal mass The following relationship must be satisfied: .

5. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of impact mass bodies is multiple; The resonant mass of each of the resonant mass bodies Modal mass corresponding to the peak vibration of the rail ratio 1 = b / z Satisfying 0.1 1<1; The resonant mass of each of the impact mass bodies d Modal mass corresponding to the peak vibration of the target principal vibration system being damped z ratio 2 = d / z Satisfying 0.1 2 < 1.

6. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure are fixed inside the damping body by bonding or vulcanization, and the equivalent stiffness of the motion guide groove and the acoustic black hole structure is greater than the equivalent stiffness of the damping body.

7. The impact damping and vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base is installed on the bottom of the rail by adhesive. The mounting base, the elastic damping body, the resonant mass, and the damping body with an acoustic black hole structure installed inside are glued together from top to bottom. An elastic hinge is also glued between the mounting base and the resonant mass.

8. The impact damping vibration absorption device containing an acoustic black hole structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The acoustic black hole structure is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; the motion guide channel is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material; and the impact mass is made of metal, non-metal, or composite material.

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