Automatic anchoring machine for sleeper spikes

Abstract

The application provides a sleeper spike automatic anchoring machine, which comprises a rack, a forming device, a driving device and the like. The forming device comprises a plurality of forming modules arranged in sequence, two adjacent forming modules are oppositely arranged, each forming module is provided with a plurality of forming grooves, the forming modules are movably installed on the rack, and the driving device is used for driving the forming modules to close or open the forming grooves on the adjacent forming modules. The sleeper spike automatic anchoring machine can realize automatic anchoring of sleeper spikes. When the forming template is closed, the sleeper spike is installed in the mold cavity, and then the anchoring material is poured into the mold cavity. The operation is simple, the steps are few, the sleeper spike anchoring can be conveniently completed, the scattered sleeper anchoring is converted into batch industrial production, the labor amount is greatly reduced, the work efficiency is improved, the overall structure is reasonably and simply designed, and the manufacturing and using costs are low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated anchoring technology for railway sleepers and spikes, and specifically to an automated anchoring machine for railway sleepers and spikes. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete sleepers possess superior load-bearing capacity and stability. Compared to wooden sleepers, they are more durable, have higher compressive strength, and are less susceptible to decay, mold, and other natural factors. This reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement, thereby lowering maintenance costs and labor. Concrete sleepers are a durable, stable, and economical alternative to wooden sleepers and are widely used in railway construction.

[0003] Track spike anchoring is an important building material in railway construction, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the track. Currently, track spike anchoring is generally carried out on-site after track laying, or after the sleepers are manufactured and anchored at the production base. This method requires a dedicated anchoring production site, which occupies a large area.

[0004] There are two methods for anchoring rail spikes at the production base: positive anchoring and reverse anchoring. For positive anchoring, the bottom of the pre-drilled hole in the sleeper must first be sealed, then anchoring material is poured in, and a spike locator is installed. The spike is then inserted into the anchor according to the locator's positioning. After the anchoring material has hardened, the locator is removed. Sealing the bottom of the sleeper hole typically uses materials such as rags, foam plastic, or sand. Manual sealing may result in insufficient anchoring depth, leading to insufficient pull-out resistance, compromised construction quality, and a high risk of grout leakage, wasting anchoring material.

[0005] Reverse anchoring is used to eliminate the need to seal the bottom of the pre-drilled holes in the sleepers. The sleepers are manually rotated multiple times for anchoring. Both positive and reverse anchoring require the neatly stacked sleepers to be dispersed before work begins, and then stacked again after completion. This not only involves a large amount of manual labor, significant investment in machinery and equipment, and high construction costs, but also requires a large area, creates a complex construction site, and is inconvenient for construction. Furthermore, manual operation makes mass production difficult, resulting in low efficiency and impacting railway laying progress. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides an automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine. This automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine can realize the automated anchoring of sleeper spikes. In use, after the forming module is closed, the spike is installed in the mold cavity and then the anchoring material is poured into it. The operation is simple and has few steps, which can easily complete the anchoring of sleeper spikes. It transforms the scattered anchoring of sleepers into mass industrial production, greatly reducing the workload of workers and improving work efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides an automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine, comprising: a frame; a forming device including a plurality of sequentially arranged forming modules, with two adjacent forming modules arranged opposite each other, each forming module having a plurality of forming grooves, the forming modules being movably mounted on the frame; and a driving device for driving the forming modules to close or open the forming grooves on adjacent forming modules. This automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine enables automated anchoring of sleepers and spikes. After the forming module closes, the spike is installed in the mold cavity and then anchoring material is poured into it. The operation is simple and involves few steps, conveniently completing sleeper spike anchoring and transforming scattered sleeper anchoring into mass industrial production. This significantly reduces the workload of workers, improves work efficiency, fills the gap in automated construction of sleeper spike anchoring, and features a reasonable overall structural design, simple structure, and low manufacturing and usage costs.

[0008] Furthermore, in the molding module, the first molding module is connected to the drive device, and the last molding module is fixed to the frame. Adjacent molding modules are connected by connectors, which are foldable or retractable to ensure the closure of adjacent molding modules. This connection method uses only one drive device to drive the opening and closing of all molding modules, reducing manufacturing costs and energy consumption.

[0009] Furthermore, the molding module includes: a substrate, slidably mounted on a frame via a support and guide device; and a molding die, fixedly connected to the substrate; wherein, each molding die has several spaced-apart molding grooves with a semi-circular cross-section, and the molding grooves on two adjacent molding dies close to form a cylindrical mold cavity. Designing the molding module as two parts, the substrate and the molding die can be processed separately, eliminating the need for large processing equipment, and different materials can be selected for the substrate and the molding die as needed, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting and guiding device includes: supporting guide rods, two of which are respectively arranged at both ends of the molding module and slidably connected to the substrate; wherein, one end of the supporting guide rod is fixed to the frame, and the other end passes through the substrates of the first molding module and the middle molding module in sequence and is then fixedly connected to the substrate of the last molding module. This supporting and guiding device has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.

[0011] The aforementioned support and guiding device further includes: a guide sleeve, fitted onto the outer surface of the support and guiding rod and slidably connected thereto; wherein, a guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the corresponding support and guiding rod of the first forming module and each intermediate forming module. The guide sleeve contributes to the smooth operation of the forming module and ensures its reliable operation.

[0012] The aforementioned automatic sleeper and track spike anchoring machine further includes an automatic demolding device mounted on the frame, positioned below the forming device. The automatic demolding device enables automatic demolding, reducing labor intensity and workload, saving labor costs, and improving production efficiency.

[0013] The aforementioned demolding device includes: a demolding template with several spaced-apart dropping holes; a lifting mechanism located below the demolding template to lift it; and a push-pull mechanism located at one end of the demolding template to push it to move horizontally. This demolding device is rationally designed and easy to use. During use, the demolding template first rises upwards, positioning the tail end of the track spike within the dropping holes. Then, the demolding template moves horizontally away from the anchoring shaft. During this movement, the demolding template touches the tail end of the track spike, causing the anchoring shaft to disengage from the forming groove. This demolding method not only achieves automatic and rapid demolding but also ensures the quality of the demolded product, preventing damage during the demolding process.

[0014] Furthermore, the forming groove is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart grooves arranged circumferentially within the forming groove. When the forming grooves of two adjacent forming modules are closed, the grooves within them connect to form a ring. Multiple inward-facing grooves are formed on the groove wall of the forming groove, resulting in outward-protruding protrusions on the produced anchor shaft. This makes the anchor shaft more firmly bonded to the sleeper body, provides higher pull-out resistance, and enhances reliability. This provides favorable conditions for improving the smoothness and safety of railway operation, extending service life, and reducing maintenance and replacement.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the groove is arc-shaped or parabolic. This design facilitates demolding and prevents the anchoring material from adhering to the bottom edge of the groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0017] 1. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine of the present invention can realize the automated anchoring of sleeper spikes. When in use, after the forming module is closed, the spikes are installed in the mold cavity and then the anchoring material is poured into it. The operation is simple and the steps are few. It can easily complete the anchoring of sleeper spikes, transforming the scattered sleeper anchoring into mass industrial production, greatly reducing the workload of workers and improving work efficiency. It fills the gap in the automated construction of sleeper spike anchoring. The overall structure is reasonable, simple, and has low manufacturing and use costs.

[0018] 2. When using the automatic rail spike anchoring machine of the present invention for production operations, construction can be carried out in the workshop. It is not only unaffected by the natural environment, but also not limited by the type of anchoring material. Operators are no longer exposed to wind and sun. The automated operation not only saves labor costs, but also ensures the quality of rail spike anchoring.

[0019] 3. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine of the present invention comprises a forming plate, a driving device for moving the forming plate, a supporting guide rod for supporting the forming plate and providing guidance, and a machine frame. The structure is reasonable, simple and compact, occupies a small area, does not require a large site, can be used in the workshop, provides a good working environment for workers, is not affected by the weather, ensures continuous production, ensures production speed, and lays the foundation for efficient track laying.

[0020] 4. The molding groove of the present invention has multiple inward grooves on its groove wall, so that the produced anchor shaft has outward protrusions, thereby making the anchor shaft more firmly connected to the sleeper body, with higher pull-out resistance and more reliable use, providing good leading conditions for improving the stability and safety of railway operation, extending service life, and reducing maintenance and replacement.

[0021] 5. The present invention features a split structure design with the mold cavity on two molding dies, which facilitates demolding and prevents damage to the protruding threads on the anchor shaft during demolding, thus ensuring product quality. In addition, the split design of the molding die facilitates processing, especially the processing of the grooves on the groove wall of the molding groove. The design is ingenious.

[0022] 6. The demolding device of the present invention not only enables automatic demolding, improving production efficiency, reducing labor intensity, and saving labor costs, but also, by opening a material dropping hole on the demolding plate, during use, the demolding plate first rises upward so that the tail end of the track spike is located in the material dropping hole. Then, the demolding plate moves horizontally away from the anchoring shaft. During the horizontal movement, the demolding plate touches the tail end of the track spike, causing the anchoring shaft to disengage from the forming groove. This demolding method not only enables automatic and rapid demolding, but also ensures the quality of the demolded product, and no product damage occurs during the demolding process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification and serve to further understand the invention, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, illustrate the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of the automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine (in the state of the forming module being separated) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic perspective view of the automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine (with the forming module in the closed state) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic perspective view of the automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine (in the state of the forming module being separated) according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic top view of the automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine (with the forming module separated) according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the forming groove of the automatic anchoring machine for sleepers and spikes of the present invention.

[0029] The following numbers are labeled in the diagram: 100, frame; 101, support plate; 200, molding device; 210, molding module; 211, molding groove; 211a, groove; 211b, positioning groove; 211c, receiving groove; 212, base plate; 213, molding mold; 220, mold cavity; 300, driving device; 400, support and guide device; 410, support and guide rod; 420, guide sleeve; 500, demolding device; 510, demolding template; 520, push-pull mechanism; 530, lifting mechanism; 540, material drop hole; 550, support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0031] Example 1: Refer to the appendix below. Figure 1 and 2 This invention provides a detailed description of a preferred embodiment of an automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine includes a frame 100, a forming device 200 mounted on the frame 100, and a driving device 300. The forming device 200 includes a plurality of sequentially arranged forming modules 210, with adjacent forming modules 210 positioned opposite each other. Each forming module 210 has a plurality of forming grooves 211. The forming modules 210 are movably mounted on the frame 100. The driving device 300 drives the forming modules 210 to close or open the forming grooves 211 on adjacent forming modules 210. Among the plurality of forming modules 210, the first forming module 210 is connected to the driving device 300, and the last forming module 210 is fixed to the frame 100. Adjacent forming modules 210 are connected by connectors that are foldable or retractable, without affecting the opening and closing of adjacent forming modules 210. In this embodiment, the connectors can be soft ropes or soft chains, such as wire ropes or iron ring chains. Each molding module has a connecting pin on its end face at both ends, and the two ends of the connector are respectively connected to the connecting pin on the corresponding molding module.

[0032] The molding module 210 of this embodiment includes a substrate 212 and a molding mold 213. The substrate 212 is slidably mounted on the frame 100 via a support and guide device. The molding mold 213 is fixedly mounted on the substrate 212. In this embodiment, the molding mold 213 is a cuboid block structure, with its two ends fixedly connected to the substrate 212. The two substrates 212 are slidably connected to the support and guide device 400. Each molding mold 213 has several spaced molding grooves 211, each with a semi-circular cross-section. When the molding grooves on two adjacent molding molds 213 are closed, a mold cavity 220 is formed. The molding module 210 is designed as a combination of the molding mold 213 and the substrate 212. The molding mold 213 and the substrate 212 can be made of different materials, making them easy to manufacture and reducing manufacturing costs while meeting usage requirements. In this embodiment, the molding mold 213 is made of rubber to reduce manufacturing costs, and the substrate 212 is made of carbon steel plate. Of course, in other embodiments, the molding mold 213 can also be made of metal.

[0033] The support and guide device 400 in this embodiment includes a support and guide rod 410. A plurality of molding modules 210 are mounted on the frame 100 via the support and guide rods 410. The support and guide rods 410 are cylindrical and arranged along the length of the frame 100. Two support and guide rods 410 are respectively arranged at both ends of the molding module 210 and slidably connected to the substrate 212. One end of the support and guide rod 410 is fixed to the frame 100 via a support plate 101, and the other end passes sequentially through the substrates 212 of the first molding module and the middle molding module before being fixedly connected to the substrate 212 of the last molding module. In this embodiment, the end of the support and guide rod 410 connected to the substrate 212 of the last molding module passes through the substrate 212 and is locked by a nut.

[0034] To improve the smoothness of the sliding of the molding module 210 on the support guide rod 410, the support guide device in this embodiment also includes a guide sleeve 420. The guide sleeve 420 is fitted on the outer surface of the support guide rod 410 and is slidably connected to the corresponding support guide rod 410 to form a sliding pair. The guide sleeve 420 is fixedly connected to the corresponding support guide rod 410 of the first molding module and each intermediate molding module. The guide sleeve 420 is connected to the corresponding substrate 212.

[0035] In this embodiment, the driving device 300 uses a hydraulic cylinder. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the frame 100 via a support plate 101. The hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder passes through the support plate 101 and connects to the base plate 212 of the first forming module. As the hydraulic rod extends and retracts, it drives the first forming module and the intermediate forming modules to move closer to or further away from the last forming module. Of course, in other embodiments, the hydraulic cylinder can also be replaced by an electric actuator or a pneumatic cylinder. When the hydraulic cylinder drives the first forming module to move towards the last forming module, each intermediate forming module 210 moves towards the last forming module under the push of the first forming module, so that the forming grooves 211 on the adjacent forming modules close to form a mold cavity 220. In use, a road stud is installed in one of the forming grooves 211 in the adjacent forming modules 210. The hydraulic cylinder is activated to close the adjacent forming grooves 211 to form the mold cavity 220, and anchoring material is poured into the mold cavity 220 for construction. After the anchoring material solidifies, the hydraulic cylinder returns and moves the first forming module away from the last forming module along the support guide rod 410. Under the action of the connector, the forming grooves 211 of each forming module separate, and the anchoring shaft can be removed.

[0036] A plurality of grooves 211a are provided in the molding groove 211, spaced apart and arranged circumferentially along the molding groove 211. After the molding grooves 211 of two adjacent molding modules 210 are closed, the grooves 211a inside them connect to form a ring. The cross-sectional shape of the grooves 211a is arc-shaped or parabolic. In this embodiment, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 211a is arc-shaped.

[0037] This embodiment enables automated anchoring of sleeper spikes, which can be carried out in the workshop. After the molding is closed, the spikes are installed in the mold cavity and then anchoring material is poured in. The operation is simple and has few steps, which can easily complete the anchoring of sleeper spikes, greatly reducing the workload of workers and improving work efficiency. It fills the gap in automated construction of sleeper spike anchoring. The overall structure is reasonably designed, simple, and has low manufacturing and usage costs.

[0038] Example 2: See also, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 and Figure 4To improve the automation level, efficiency, and further reduce manual labor intensity and operating costs of the automatic anchoring agent for railway sleepers and spikes of this invention, this embodiment adds an automatic demolding device to the above embodiment 1, while other structures remain the same. Specifically, the automatic demolding device 500 of this embodiment is located below the forming device 200. The automatic demolding device 500 includes a demolding template 510, a push-pull mechanism 520, and a lifting mechanism 530. The demolding template 510 is a long strip of plate with several spaced-apart dropping holes 540. The length of the dropping holes 540 is greater than the length of the forming mold 213, and the width of the dropping holes 540 is greater than the distance between two adjacent forming modules after separation. The lifting mechanism 530 is located below the demolding template 510 to lift the demolding template 510. The push-pull mechanism 520 is located at one end of the demolding template 510 to push the demolding template 510 to move horizontally. The push-pull mechanism 520 is mounted on the frame 100 through a support frame 550. The push-pull mechanism 520 and the lifting mechanism 530 are mounted on the frame 100, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, both the push-pull mechanism 520 and the lifting mechanism 530 employ hydraulic cylinders. The push-pull mechanism 520 is located below the drive device 300. The free end of the telescopic rod of the push-pull mechanism 520 is connected to the demolding template 510 via a hinge seat fixed to the end face of the demolding template 510 and a hinge shaft mounted on the hinge seat. Similarly, the free end of the lifting mechanism 530 is also hinged to the demolding device. This ensures that when the lifting mechanism 530 is working, the push-pull mechanism 520 does not affect the vertical movement of the demolding template 510, and when the push-pull mechanism 520 is working, the lifting mechanism does not affect the horizontal movement of the demolding template 510. In other embodiments not shown, the bottom of the lifting mechanism 530 is slidably connected to a support frame fixed to the machine frame via a slider, and its top end is fixedly connected to the demolding template 510.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, a positioning groove 211b adapted to the flange of the road spike is provided at the bottom of the forming groove 211. Below the positioning groove 211b, a receiving groove 211c is provided that penetrates the bottom surface of the forming mold 213 and is adapted to the tail of the road spike. The depth of the receiving groove 211c is less than the length of the tail of the road spike. In use, the tail of the road spike extends out of the corresponding forming mold 213. The positioning groove 211b and the receiving groove 211c are coaxially arranged and coaxially with the forming groove 211. The positioning groove facilitates the positioning of road spikes, eliminating the need for a road spike positioner and making it convenient to use. Furthermore, the design of the positioning groove and receiving groove allows the tail of the road spike to extend beyond the bottom surface of the forming module, rather than inserting the head of the road spike directly into the forming groove with its tail positioned above the forming module. This design not only allows the road spike's own structure to seal the forming groove, eliminating the need for other materials to seal the bottom of the forming groove, but also saves the sealing step during use. At the same time, the absence of obstructions above the forming groove facilitates the pouring of anchoring material into the forming groove. In addition, filling the forming groove with anchoring material during use ensures the anchoring length of each road spike.

[0040] After each molding module 210 is closed, in the initial state, the dropping hole 540 is located in the middle position of the two adjacent molding modules after separation. When demolding is required, the lifting mechanism 530 drives the demolding template 510 upward, at which point the tail end of the track spike is located inside the dropping hole 540. Then, the push-pull mechanism 520 is activated, causing the demolding template 510 to first move left / right and then right / left. During the movement, the demolding template 510 contacts the tail end of the track spike, causing the anchoring shaft to disengage from the molding groove 211, thus achieving automatic demolding. The push-pull mechanism 520 can be an SCD dual-axis double-acting cylinder. The automatic demolding device in this embodiment has a reasonable, simple, and easy-to-manufacture structure. The automatic track spike anchoring machine of this embodiment can not only complete the automatic anchoring of track spikes but also automatically demold, with a high degree of automation and high production efficiency. It reduces the labor intensity of workers, reduces the amount of labor, and saves production costs, laying the groundwork for improving railway laying speed and reducing railway construction costs.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine, characterized in that, include: frame; A molding device comprising a plurality of molding modules arranged in sequence, with two adjacent molding modules arranged opposite each other, each molding module having a plurality of molding grooves, and the molding modules being movably mounted on the frame; A driving device for driving the molding module to close or open the molding grooves on adjacent molding modules; and An automatic demolding device is installed on the frame and is located below the molding device; In the molding module, the first molding module is connected to the driving device, the last molding module is fixed to the frame, and adjacent molding modules are connected by connectors. The molding module includes: The substrate is slidably mounted on the frame via a support and guide device; and A molding die, fixedly connected to the substrate, has several semi-circular molding grooves spaced apart on each die. When the molding grooves on two adjacent molds close, they form a cylindrical mold cavity. The automatic demolding device includes: The template has several spaced-apart drop holes. A lifting mechanism, located below the stripping template, is used to lift the stripping template; and A push-pull mechanism is provided at one end of the template to push the template to translate.

2. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned support and guiding device includes: Support guide rods, the two support guide rods are respectively arranged at both ends of the molding module and slidably connected to the substrate; One end of the support guide rod is fixed to the frame, and the other end passes through the substrates of the first forming module and the middle forming module in sequence before being fixedly connected to the substrate of the last forming module.

3. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aforementioned support and guide device further includes: A guide sleeve is fitted onto the outer surface of the support guide rod and is slidably connected to it; Guide sleeves are fixedly connected to the corresponding support guide rods of the first forming module and each intermediate forming module.

4. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forming groove is provided with a plurality of spaced grooves arranged along the circumference of the forming groove; When the molding grooves of two adjacent molding modules are closed, the grooves inside them connect to form a ring.

5. The automatic sleeper spike anchoring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the groove is arc-shaped or parabolic.

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