A formula and application of soybean yield-increasing seed coating agent

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of seed coating agents, and particularly relates to a formula and application of a soybean yield-increasing seed coating agent, wherein the coating agent components are as follows in terms of weight parts: distilled water 45-55 parts, ammonium sulfate 10-20 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-20 parts, insecticide 10-20 parts, preservative 0.2-0.7 parts, pigment 1 part, film forming agent 3-8 parts, and melatonin 25-200 micromoles per liter. The soybean leaf chlorophyll content, nodule number and yield of the soybean planted with the seed coated with the melatonin-containing coating agent are all significantly improved compared with the soybean planted with the seed coated with the coating agent without melatonin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seed coating agent technology, specifically relating to the formulation and application of a soybean yield-increasing seed coating agent. Technical Background

[0002] Seed coating, a high-tech method developed in the mid-1980s to promote increased agricultural yields, involves coating seeds with a seed coating agent. After sowing, seeds rapidly absorb water and swell. As the embryo develops and the seedling grows, the seed coating agent slowly releases its various active ingredients, which are gradually absorbed by the seedling. This process effectively prevents seedling diseases and pests, promotes growth and development, and increases crop yield. Seed coating has been listed as a key agricultural technology project promoted in my country.

[0003] Soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr. is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus *Glycine* in the legume family (Fabaceae). Native to China, it is one of China's important food crops. It grows to a height of 30-90 cm, with a stout, erect stem densely covered with long, brown, stiff hairs. Leaves typically have three leaflets, including a pair of stipules and one leaflet. Flowers are purple, pale purple, or white, with petioles at the base. Flowering occurs from June to July, and fruiting from July to September. Pods are large, slightly curved, drooping, yellowish-green, and densely covered with long, brownish-yellow hairs. Seeds are oval or nearly spherical, with a smooth seed coat, and come in various colors including pale green and yellow. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, with a protein content of 35%–40%. Soybeans are most commonly used to make various soy products, extract soybean oil, brew soy sauce, and extract protein.

[0004] Currently, my country relies on imports for over 80% of its soybean consumption. Therefore, developing a seed coating agent to increase soybean yield is of paramount importance.

[0005] Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is ubiquitous in organisms from prokaryotes to higher plants, playing a crucial role in plant growth, development, and various stress responses. In plants, melatonin participates in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, such as stomatal movement, seed germination, growth, flowering, senescence, and diurnal rhythms. While the regulatory role of melatonin in plant growth and development has been extensively studied in recent years, very few products have been developed using melatonin as a raw material to improve production. Therefore, this invention utilizes melatonin as a raw material to produce a soybean seed coating agent. Soybean seeds treated with this agent exhibit a significant increase in soybean yield. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a soybean seed coating agent to improve soybean quality and increase soybean yield.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A seed coating agent for increasing soybean yield, wherein the coating agent is composed of the following components by weight: 45-55 parts distilled water, 10-20 parts ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts insecticide, 0.2-0.7 parts preservative, 1 part pigment, 3-8 parts film-forming agent, and 25-200 μmol / L melatonin.

[0009] Preferably, the coating agent is prepared by weight as follows: 50 parts distilled water, 15 parts ammonium sulfate, 15 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts insecticide, 0.5 parts preservative, 1 part pigment, 5 parts film-forming agent, and melatonin 25-100 μmol / L.

[0010] Furthermore, the insecticide is thiamethoxam 70% water dispersible granules.

[0011] Furthermore, the preservative is potassium sorbate.

[0012] Furthermore, the film-forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for preparing a coating agent, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: Place distilled water in a container, weigh each component according to the corresponding mass ratio, and add ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, insecticide, preservative, pigment, and film-forming agent in sequence. After each addition of a new component, it is necessary to stir and sonicate in a 50°C water bath to completely dissolve it and form a mixture.

[0015] S2: Melatonin is first dissolved in methanol to prepare a mother liquor, and then added to the mixture formed in step S1 to prepare a coating agent containing the corresponding concentration of melatonin.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing soybean seeds containing the above-mentioned coating agent, the steps of which are to mix soybeans and coating agent with 1 mL of coating agent per 100 seeds, so that the surface of each seed is evenly covered with a layer of coating agent.

[0017] Finally, this invention provides a field planting method for soybean seeds, which involves planting 3 seeds per hole at a depth of 5cm, with a 20cm interval between holes and a 50cm distance between rows; before planting, apply a base fertilizer of 50kg per acre, and use drip irrigation to maintain sufficient soil moisture.

[0018] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0019] Soybean seeds coated with 25, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin showed significantly higher chlorophyll content after planting compared to soybean seeds without melatonin coating, with increases of 15.23%, 29.60%, and 35.70%, respectively.

[0020] Soybean seeds coated with 50 and 200 μmol / L melatonin showed a significantly higher number of soybean root nodules than those without melatonin coating, with an increase of 54.1% in both cases.

[0021] Soybean seeds coated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin showed significantly higher yields per acre than soybean seeds without melatonin coating, increasing by 34.63%, 35.24%, 78.80%, and 71.71%, respectively. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a comparison image of coated soybean seeds and uncoated soybean seeds, with a scale bar of 1 cm.

[0023] Figure 2 Phenotypic images of the top leaves of soybean main stems two months after planting soybean seeds coated with different concentrations of melatonin. The scale bar is 5 cm. 0MT, 25MT, 50MT, 100MT, and 200MT represent 0 μmol / L, 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L, and 200 μmol / L melatonin, respectively.

[0024] Figure 3 The graph shows the chlorophyll content of soybean leaves at the top of the main stem two months after planting soybean seeds coated with different concentrations of melatonin. 0MT, 25MT, 50MT, 100MT, and 200MT represent 0μmol / L, 25μmol / L, 50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, and 200μmol / L melatonin, respectively.

[0025] Figure 4 Phenotypic images of root nodules after two months of planting soybean seeds coated with different concentrations of melatonin. The scale bar is 5 cm. 0MT, 25MT, 50MT, 100MT, and 200MT represent 0 μmol / L, 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L, and 200 μmol / L melatonin, respectively.

[0026] Figure 5 The graph shows the number of soybean root nodules. 0MT, 25MT, 50MT, 100MT, and 200MT represent 0μmol / L, 25μmol / L, 50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, and 200μmol / L melatonin, respectively.

[0027] Figure 6 The chart shows the soybean yield per mu (unit of land area). 0MT, 25MT, 50MT, 100MT, and 200MT represent 0μmol / L, 25μmol / L, 50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, and 200μmol / L melatonin, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in this invention can be purchased commercially. The melatonin used in this invention was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company, with a relative molar mass of 232.28 g / mol.

[0029] As one embodiment, the present invention provides a seed coating agent for improving soybean yield. The coating agent is composed of the following components by weight: 45-55 parts distilled water, 10-20 parts ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts thiamethoxam 70% water-dispersible granules, 0.2-0.7 parts potassium sorbate, 1 part pigment, 3-8 parts polyvinyl alcohol 1788 type, and 25-200 μmol / L melatonin.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A seed coating agent for improving soybean yield, comprising, by weight: 50 parts distilled water, 20 parts ammonium sulfate, 20 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts 70% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules, 0.2 parts potassium sorbate, 1 part pigment, 8 parts polyvinyl alcohol 1788 type, and 200 μmol / L melatonin.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A seed coating agent for improving soybean yield, comprising, by weight: 55 parts distilled water, 15 parts ammonium sulfate, 15 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts 70% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules, 0.5 parts potassium sorbate, 1 part pigment, 5 parts polyvinyl alcohol 1788 type, and 100 μmol / L melatonin.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] A seed coating agent for improving soybean yield, comprising, by weight: 45 parts distilled water, 10 parts ammonium sulfate, 10 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts 70% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules, 0.5 parts potassium sorbate, 1 part pigment, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol 1788 type, and 25 μmol / L melatonin.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] The method for preparing the coating agent includes the following steps:

[0038] S1: Place distilled water in a container, weigh each component according to the corresponding mass ratio, and add ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, insecticide, preservative, pigment, and film-forming agent in sequence. After each addition of a new component, it is necessary to stir and sonicate in a 50°C water bath to completely dissolve it and form a mixture.

[0039] S2: Melatonin is first dissolved in methanol to prepare a mother liquor;

[0040] The preparation method for 25-200 μmol / L melatonin is as follows: First, prepare 10 mL of 50 mmol / L melatonin (i.e., accurately weigh 0.1161 g of melatonin, add 75% methanol to dissolve and make up to 10 mL), then dilute it with 75% methanol to 6.25 mmol / L, 12.5 mmol / L, and 25 mmol / L, thus obtaining 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mmol / L melatonin stock solutions; then add them to the mixture formed in step S1 to prepare coating agents containing the corresponding concentrations of melatonin.

[0041] Test case

[0042] A method for preparing a seed coating agent for increasing soybean yield includes the following steps:

[0043] (1) Add 50 mL of distilled water to a 250 mL beaker;

[0044] (2) Add 15g of ammonium sulfate to (1), and sonicate it under a 50°C water bath while stirring, until it is completely dissolved;

[0045] (3) Add 15g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to (2), and sonicate it in a 50°C water bath while stirring, until it is completely dissolved;

[0046] (4) Add 15g of thiamethoxam 70% water-dispersible granules to (3), and sonicate it in a 50℃ water bath while stirring to completely dissolve it;

[0047] (5) Add 0.5g of potassium sorbate to (4), and sonicate it in a 50°C water bath while stirring, until it is completely dissolved;

[0048] (6) Add 1g of pigment to (5), and sonicate it in a 50°C water bath while stirring, until it is completely dissolved;

[0049] (7) Add 5g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 to (6), and sonicate it under a 50°C water bath while stirring to completely dissolve it, thus obtaining a mixture that does not contain melatonin.

[0050] (8) Add 400 μL of 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mmol / L melatonin to the mixture in (7), and add 400 μL of 75% methanol as a control. Stir to mix it thoroughly with the coating agent to obtain soybean seed coating agents containing different concentrations of 0 μmol / L, 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L and 200 μmol / L melatonin.

[0051] Zhonghuang 13 soybean seeds were coated with a soybean seed coating agent containing different concentrations of melatonin. The coated soybean seeds were then sown in mid-May, with 3 seeds sown per hole at a depth of 5 cm, 20 cm between holes, and 50 cm between rows. Each treatment was randomly divided into plots of 1 m². 2 Ten soybean holes were planted in each treatment, with three plots set up for each treatment. Before planting, a base fertilizer of 50 kg per mu was applied, and no further topdressing was applied. Drip irrigation was used to keep the soil moist. The specific irrigation method was as follows: water every two days in the early stage of sowing (within 1 month after sowing), water once a week in the first 1-2 months after planting, and no more watering was needed after 2 months due to the rainy season, until harvest.

[0052] Two months after planting, the chlorophyll content of soybean leaves at the top of the main stem was measured. Leaves from the top of 10 soybean plants were taken for each treatment. After removing the veins, the leaves were cut into strips with a blade. The strips were mixed together, and 0.2g of the strips were weighed out for chlorophyll content measurement.

[0053] Two months after planting, soybean roots were collected to count the number of soybean root nodules. For each treatment, roots from 10 soybean plants were collected to count the number of root nodules.

[0054] Soybeans were harvested 5 months after planting. The yield per acre was calculated. The yield of each treatment was calculated for 3 plots. The yield per acre was then estimated based on the yield of each plot.

[0055] Analysis of Experimental Results

[0056] Figure 1 This image shows a comparison between coated and uncoated soybean seeds. As the image shows, the coated seeds show no signs of rot or discoloration. Figure 2 , Figure 3It can be seen that the chlorophyll content of the top leaves of the main stem two months after planting soybeans coated with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin was 1.09 mg / g, 1.26 mg / g, 1.11 mg / g, 1.42 mg / g, and 1.48 mg / g, respectively. Among them, the chlorophyll content of soybeans coated with 25, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin was significantly increased compared with that of soybeans without melatonin coating, by 15.23%, 29.60%, and 35.70%, respectively.

[0057] from Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the number of root nodules in soybeans coated with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin two months after planting were 10.17, 11.17, 15.67, 13.67, and 15.67, respectively. Among them, the number of root nodules in soybeans coated with 50 and 200 μmol / L melatonin was significantly higher than that in soybeans without melatonin coating, with an increase of 54.1% in both cases.

[0058] from Figure 6 It can be seen that the yields per mu (667 square meters) after 5 months of planting of soybeans coated with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin were 164.47 kg, 221.43 kg, 222.43 kg, 294.08 kg, and 282.42 kg, respectively. Among them, the yields per mu of soybeans coated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol / L melatonin were significantly higher than those of soybeans without melatonin coating, increasing by 34.63%, 35.24%, 78.80%, and 71.71%, respectively.

Claims

1. Use of a seed coating agent for increasing the number of nodules of soybean, characterized in that, The coating agent ingredient is prepared by distilled water 50 parts, ammonium sulfate 15 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 parts, insecticide 15 parts, preservative 0.5 parts, pigment 1 part, film forming agent 5 parts, and melatonin 200 μmol / L; the insecticide is thiamethoxam 70% water dispersible granules; the preservative is potassium sorbate; and the film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soybean seeds and the coating agent are mixed according to 1 mL of the coating agent per 100 seeds, so that each seed surface is uniformly covered with a layer of the coating agent; according to the sowing depth of 5 cm, 3 seeds are sown in each hole, and the interval between the holes is 20 cm, and the distance between the rows is 50 cm; before planting, 50 kg of fertilizer per mu is applied as a base fertilizer, and drip irrigation is used to keep the soil moist enough.

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