A full solid waste seawater sea sand artificial reef and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of industrial solid recycling, in particular to a full-solid-waste seawater-seasand artificial reef and a preparation method thereof. The artificial reef material mainly comprises carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, slag powder, coral / shell and seawater; the weight parts of the components of the artificial reef material are as follows: 350-390 parts of cementing material, 740-925 parts of fine aggregate, 925-1295 parts of coarse aggregate and 56-93 parts of seawater; the cementing material comprises the following: 20-100 parts of fly ash, 100-180 parts of slag powder, 30-60 parts of carbide slag, 20-70 parts of magnesium slag and 60-120 parts of wood ash; the fine aggregate is coral / shell fine aggregate, and the coarse aggregate is coral / shell coarse aggregate. The artificial reef has high strength and long-term stability, and the energy consumption, carbon emission and cost in the preparation process are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of industrial solid waste recycling, and more particularly to a full-solid-waste seawater-seasand artificial reef and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The island reef reclamation process will damage the coral reef to some extent. The natural coral reef needs to be formed through sedimentation for many years. Once damaged, the self-recovery speed is slow, and artificial means needs to be used to supplement the reef. The traditional concrete artificial reef has poor erosion resistance, consumes a large amount of cement, sand and fresh water resources in the preparation process, is not conducive to achieving the goals of low carbon, environmental protection, resource saving and recycling, and the building materials need to be transported over a long distance. The long-distance transportation not only increases the material cost, but also is easily limited by weather conditions, thereby affecting the preparation progress.

[0003] A Chinese patent with the application publication number CN112876147A discloses a magnesium oxide-activated slag geopolymer artificial fish reef and a preparation method thereof. The components include, by mass fraction, slag 120-190 parts; shell 80-120 parts; gypsum 20-40 parts; magnesium oxide 10-20 parts; water reducing agent 2-5 parts; defoaming agent 1-2 parts; sodium hydroxide 1-2 parts; and mixing water 50-70 parts. First, the defoaming agent, sodium hydroxide and water reducing agent are added to the mixing water, stirred for 3 minutes to form a uniform mixing solution; second, the slag, magnesium oxide, gypsum and shell are added to a stirring pot and stirred uniformly, and then the mixing solution is added and stirred uniformly, and the prepared slurry is poured into a mold; finally, the sample is demolded after curing in an air environment. The artificial fish reef prepared by the invention has the characteristics of resource saving, solid waste resource utilization, high strength and high durability. However, the activator uses magnesium oxide, sodium hydroxide and gypsum as the activator to activate the slag, which faces two problems: (1) the conversion cost of magnesium oxide-activated slag geopolymer is 317-1166 yuan / ton according to the proportion of magnesium oxide (800-2000 yuan / ton), sodium hydroxide (800-2000 yuan / ton), gypsum (500-1500 yuan / ton), slag (150-200 yuan / ton), water reducing agent (3500-20000 yuan / ton) and defoaming agent (5000-30000 yuan / ton), which has no significant economic advantage compared with cement P.O.42.5R (330-500 yuan / ton); (2) tap water is used to consume fresh water resources; (3) the aggregate is not screened and the shell is directly used, which may cause uneven particle size distribution of the aggregate and affect the durability.

[0004] Chinese patent with publication number "CN115403350A" discloses a kind of artificial fish reef material prepared by using incineration slag and its preparation method.The artificial fish reef material is according to dry base mass percentage respectively: cementing material 21%-55%, aggregate 45%-75%, high efficiency water reducing agent 0-4%, the component mass percentage in the cementing material is: incineration slag micro powder 23%-33%, S115 slag micro powder 22%-38%, silicon manganese slag micro powder 8%-15%, grade II fly ash 7%-12%, steel slag micro powder 9%-15%, desulfurization gypsum 8%-12%, desulfurization ash 0-6%.The invention is essentially to use gypsum to stimulate industrial solid waste principle, the artificial fish reef prepared has the characteristics of resource saving, solid waste resource utilization etc.But in alkali-activated material, the strength of cementing material obtained by simply using weak alkali gypsum as activator is low, which cannot achieve the effect of cement and other cementing materials.

[0005] Chinese patent with publication number "CN110776279A" discloses a kind of fly ash, furnace bottom slag, water-rich calcium carbide slag based geopolymer and its preparation method.The invention geopolymer is prepared from fly ash and furnace bottom slag, water-rich calcium carbide slag, alkali activator solution, Portland cement and water reducing agent, wherein the alkali activator solution is a combination of sodium hydroxide solution and at least one of the following four sodium salt solutions: sodium silicate solution, sodium sulfate solution, sodium phosphate solution, sodium carbonate solution.The invention makes full use of fly ash, furnace bottom slag, water-rich calcium carbide slag industrial solid, is safe, non-toxic, environment-friendly, high-strength and short curing time.But it cannot completely avoid the use of cement, and uses sodium hydroxide + sodium salt compound solution as alkali activator, which brings inconvenience to construction in terms of storage and transportation of alkali solution, and is difficult to be popularized and applied in actual engineering.

[0006] A Chinese patent with publication number "CN112723843A" discloses a preparation method of weak alkali activated nickel slag high-strength concrete. The raw materials are as follows in terms of mass composition: nickel slag 350-450 parts, carbide slag 40-50 parts, sodium carbonate 20-30 parts, phosphogypsum 40-50 parts, nickel-iron tailings 550-650 parts, stone 1100-1300 parts, water 200-300 parts, grinding aid 5-10 parts, and additive 5-10 parts. The invention adopts a wet grinding superfine treatment method for nickel slag, has low energy consumption and high grinding efficiency, uses weak alkaline compounds (sodium carbonate) and industrial by-products (carbide slag and phosphogypsum) as activators, and uses nickel-iron tailings as fine aggregate, so that the prepared concrete has high strength, good volume stability, and can effectively solve the carbonization of concrete. However, there are the following problems: (1) using carbide slag and phosphogypsum as activators for nickel slag, anhydrous phosphogypsum is prepared by calcining dihydrate phosphogypsum at a temperature of 500-700°C for 15-60 minutes, which consumes a large amount of energy; (2) using ordinary stone as coarse aggregate, it is impossible to avoid the alkali-aggregate reaction between alkali-activated materials and stone; (3) using polycarboxylate superplasticizer, the properties of polycarboxylate superplasticizer change in an alkaline environment, and the alkali-water effect is greatly reduced.

[0007] In summary, the existing technology uses concrete to prepare artificial reefs, which cannot avoid high carbon emissions and consumption of natural resources in the production process of raw materials such as cement, sand, and fresh water. Using traditional alkali activation technology to prepare artificial reefs still has problems such as economic efficiency, complex preparation process, alkali-aggregate reaction, insufficient utilization of industrial solid waste, and insufficient strength. How to fully utilize industrial solid waste, avoid alkali-aggregate reaction, obtain high-strength and high-durability, simple and convenient artificial reef on-site preparation method is a technical problem that needs to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0008] The present disclosure provides a full-solid-waste seawater and sand artificial reef and a preparation method thereof. How to use carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, slag powder, and corals / shells near the island reef to prepare artificial reefs and achieve high strength and long-term stability of the reef structure, reduce energy consumption, carbon emissions, and cost in the preparation process is a technical problem solved by the present application.

[0009] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an artificial reef composed entirely of solid waste, seawater, and sea sand. The artificial reef material mainly includes carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, slag powder, coral / shells, and seawater. The weight parts of each component of the artificial reef material are as follows: 350-390 parts of cementing material, 740-925 parts of fine aggregate, 925-1295 parts of coarse aggregate, and 56-93 parts of seawater. The cementing material includes: 20-100 parts of fly ash, 100-180 parts of slag powder, 30-60 parts of carbide slag, 20-70 parts of magnesium slag, and 60-120 parts of wood ash. The fine aggregate is coral / shell fine aggregate, and the coarse aggregate is coral / shell coarse aggregate.

[0010] Preferably, the calcium carbide slag is a solid sediment obtained by static filtration of calcium carbide slag slurry produced during the hydrolysis of acetylene gas by calcium carbide, with the main chemical composition being CaO, the content of the solid sediment being greater than 70%, and the main phases of the solid sediment being calcium hydroxide and calcite.

[0011] Preferably, the magnesium slag is obtained by the Pidgeon process for magnesium smelting, the main chemical composition of the magnesium slag is CaO, SiO2, and MgO, the main mineral phase composition of the magnesium slag is γ-C2S, β-C2S, f-CaO, and MgO, the MgO content is greater than 8%, and the magnesium slag expands in volume by more than 50% after contact with water.

[0012] Preferably, the wood ash includes sunflower stalk ash and cotton hull ash, the main chemical component of the wood ash is K2CO3, the content of the wood ash is greater than 30%, and the loss on ignition rate of the wood ash is less than 2%.

[0013] Preferably, the fly ash is Grade I fly ash, and the loss on ignition of the fly ash is less than 2%.

[0014] Preferably, the slag powder grade is higher than S95, and the slag powder loss on ignition is less than 4%.

[0015] Preferably, the mud content in the coral / shell coarse and fine aggregates is less than 0.5%, the particle size of the coral / shell fine aggregates is 0-5.0 mm, and the particle size of the coral / shell coarse aggregates is 5.0-20.0 mm.

[0016] Secondly, this disclosure provides a method for preparing an artificial reef using all-solid waste seawater sand, comprising the following steps:

[0017] 1) The coral / shell is crushed, screened, and washed with seawater to obtain the coarse and fine aggregates, which are then dried at room temperature;

[0018] 2) Mix the carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, and slag powder in proportion, dry them, and then put them into a ball mill to ball mill until the particle size is less than 200 mesh to prepare a powder cementitious material.

[0019] 3) The powdered cementitious material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and seawater are thoroughly mixed and stirred in proportion to prepare artificial reef casting material;

[0020] 4) The artificial reef casting material is poured into the mold, cured in seawater at room temperature for 7 days, and then the mold is removed and put into use.

[0021] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This application utilizes solid waste such as carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, slag powder, and coral / shells as main raw materials to prepare a high-strength, high-durability material, which compensates for the loss of coral reefs caused by island reclamation, thereby achieving the goal of protecting the marine ecological environment of islands and reefs; it also eliminates the pollution of the environment caused by large amounts of carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, and slag powder, and improves the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste;

[0023] 2. This application directly prepares powdered cementitious materials to replace cement, avoiding the multiple processes of traditional alkali-activated materials. Artificial reefs are directly prepared on islands and reefs with seawater and coral / shells, reducing construction difficulty. Artificial reefs can be prepared in just 7 days, significantly shortening the traditional 28-day curing period for concrete. It also avoids the transportation of strong alkali solids or liquids. During the water-addition preparation process, the Ca in the carbide slag and magnesium slag... 2+ CO3 in wood ash 2- The reaction produces CaCO3 in aqueous solution. Due to the precipitation of CaCO3, K2CO3 is consumed and a large amount of KOH is generated, which increases the alkalinity of the slurry during the reaction process and increases the dissolution and reaction rate of fly ash and slag.

[0024] 3. This application has significant economic benefits. The cost of cementitious materials required for the preparation of artificial reefs is only 200-300 yuan / ton, and the coarse and fine aggregates and seawater are all obtained locally, reducing transportation and material costs, and further reducing the overall preparation cost of artificial reefs.

[0025] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following detailed description of this application is provided in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specified, the conditions in the following embodiments are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all from commercially available sources.

[0027] Example

[0028] The preparation steps of an artificial reef made entirely of solid waste seawater and sand are as follows:

[0029] (1) Accurately weigh carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash and slag powder, and dry them in a drying oven at 60℃ for 24 hours.

[0030] (2) The dried carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash and slag powder are put into a ball mill with a size of φ900×3000 and a ball loading capacity of 2.7 tons in a cylinder according to the proportion. The ball mill is run at a cylinder speed of 36 rpm for 1-2 hours. The resulting mixed dry material is passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed dry material. The sieve residue is continued to be ball milled with the next batch of material in the ball mill.

[0031] (3) The coral / shell is put into the crusher for crushing, and the fine and coarse aggregates with a particle size distribution of 0.5-5.0mm and 5.0-20.0mm are screened out by a vibrating screener. The coarse and fine aggregates are dried in an indoor dry environment for 3 days.

[0032] (4) Mix the dry materials, coarse and fine aggregates and seawater in a mixer for 10 minutes to prepare artificial reef casting material. Pour the casting material into a pre-prepared mold. After curing at room temperature for 7 days, remove the mold and put it into the designated sea area for use.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 40kg.

[0035] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 70kg.

[0036] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 60kg.

[0037] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0038] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0039] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0042] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 50kg.

[0043] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 90kg.

[0044] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0045] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0046] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0049] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0050] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 120kg.

[0051] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0052] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0053] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 60kg.

[0056] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0057] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 90kg.

[0058] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0059] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0060] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0063] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0064] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 120kg.

[0065] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 20kg.

[0066] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 180kg.

[0067] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0070] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0071] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 120kg.

[0072] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 60kg.

[0073] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 140kg.

[0074] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm diameter, 740 kg; 5.0 mm diameter, 1110 kg. Seawater: 50 kg.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0077] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0078] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 120kg.

[0079] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0080] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0081] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm in size, 555 kg; 5.0 mm in size, 1295 kg.

[0082] Seawater: 50kg.

[0083] Example 8

[0084] Carbide slag: Ca(OH)2 content not less than 70%, loss on ignition not more than 4%, 30kg.

[0085] Magnesium slag: MgO content not less than 8%, loss on ignition not more than 3%, 20kg.

[0086] Wood ash: K2CO3 content not less than 30%, 120kg.

[0087] Fly ash: Grade I fly ash, loss on ignition not exceeding 2%, 40kg.

[0088] Slag powder: S95 grade, loss on ignition not higher than 4%, 160kg.

[0089] Coral / shell: 5.0 mm in size, 925 kg; 5.0 mm in size, 925 kg.

[0090] Seawater: 50kg.

[0091] Comparative Example

[0092] Comparative Example 1

[0093] Slag: 150kg.

[0094] Shells: 100kg; however, the lack of particle size screening will lead to uneven aggregate particle size distribution, thus affecting durability.

[0095] Gypsum: 30kg; Magnesium oxide: 15kg; Water-reducing agent: 3kg; Defoamer: 2kg; Sodium hydroxide: 2kg; The cost of the activator is not significantly economically advantageous compared to cement.

[0096] Mixing water: 60kg; tap water is used, consuming fresh water resources.

[0097] Comparative Example 2

[0098] Cement 25%;

[0099] 4% sulfoaluminate cement;

[0100] Mortar modifier 2.5%; anti-dispersant 2%;

[0101] 10% silica fume;

[0102] 15% fly ash;

[0103] Slag 10%;

[0104] Aggregate 30%;

[0105] Mixing water 15%.

[0106] It has not escaped the use of cement, resulting in high emissions from raw material production. Its strength is also low.

[0107] Comparative Example 3

[0108] 460 kg of solid waste-based cementitious materials, including: 24 kg of mineral powder I, 40 kg of fly ash I, 150 kg of mineral powder II, 90 kg of red mud, 100 kg of fly ash II, 20 kg of silica fume, 50 kg of carbide steel slag, 34 kg of desulfurized gypsum, and 40 kg of coral powder;

[0109] 1322 kg of aggregate, including: 700 kg of coarse coral aggregate, 500 kg of coarse sea sand, and 160 kg of fine sea sand;

[0110] 7 kg of composite reinforcing fiber, including: 7 kg of straight copper-plated steel fiber and 2 kg of polypropylene fiber;

[0111] Sea water 90kg;

[0112] 170 kg of compound alkali activator includes: 80 kg of sodium silicate, 60 kg of 10% NaOH solution, 35 kg of 10% Na2SO4 solution, 1.2 kg of diethanolamine, 2.5 kg of diisopropanolamine, and 3.2 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate;

[0113] The compound flocculant consists of 45 kg of the following components: 0.5 kg of polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, 2.4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 9 kg of polyacrylamide, 7 kg of starch, 1.0 kg of dilaurate, 11 kg of bentonite, and 22 kg of diatomaceous earth.

[0114] Marine performance modification component 18kg, including: superabsorbent polymer (SAP) 0.8kg, dodecyltrimethoxysilane 4.5kg, anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers 10kg, dodecyl glucoside 0.4kg, calcium nitrite 3kg;

[0115] 4 kg of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

[0116] Using liquid activators and storing and transporting alkaline solutions can cause inconvenience to construction, making it difficult to promote and apply in actual engineering projects.

[0117] The specific mixing ratios and compressive strengths of the artificial reefs prepared in Examples 1-8 above are shown in the table below.

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] The artificial reefs prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are compared in the table below.

[0121]

[0122] In summary, the artificial reef made of all-solid waste seawater and sand provided by this invention and its preparation method can avoid the use of cement, improve the utilization efficiency of industrial solid waste, reduce production costs, and the artificial reef made has the characteristics of high strength, high durability, long-term stability, and low carbon and environmental protection.

[0123] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A type of artificial reef made entirely of solid waste seawater and sea sand, characterized in that, The artificial reef material mainly includes carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, slag powder, coral or shells, and seawater. The weight parts of each component of the artificial reef material are as follows: 350-390 parts cementitious material, 740-925 parts fine aggregate, 925-1295 parts coarse aggregate, and 56-93 parts seawater. The cementitious material includes: 20-100 parts fly ash, 100-180 parts slag powder, 30-60 parts carbide slag, 20-70 parts magnesium slag, and 60-120 parts wood ash. The magnesium slag is obtained from the Pidgeon process for magnesium smelting, and its main chemical composition... The magnesium slag is composed of CaO, SiO2, and MgO. Its main mineral phases are γ-C2S, β-C2S, f-CaO, and MgO, with an MgO content greater than 8%. The magnesium slag expands by more than 50% in volume upon contact with water. The calcium carbide slag is a solid sediment obtained by static filtration of calcium carbide slag slurry produced during the hydrolysis of acetylene gas. Its main chemical composition is CaO, with a solid sediment content greater than 70%. The main phases of the solid sediment are calcium hydroxide and calcite. The fine aggregate is coral or shell fine aggregate, and the coarse aggregate is coral or shell coarse aggregate.

2. The artificial reef made of all-solid waste seawater and sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant ash includes sunflower stalk ash and / or cotton hull ash, the main chemical component of the plant ash is K2CO3, the content of the plant ash is greater than 30%, and the loss on ignition rate of the plant ash is less than 2%.

3. The artificial reef made of all-solid waste seawater and sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fly ash is Grade I fly ash, and the loss on ignition of the fly ash is less than 2%.

4. The artificial reef made of all-solid waste seawater and sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag powder has a grade higher than S95, and the loss on ignition of the slag powder is less than 4%.

5. The artificial reef made of all-solid waste seawater and sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mud content in the coarse and fine coral or shell aggregates is less than 0.5%, the particle size of the fine coral or shell aggregates is 0-5.0 mm, and the particle size of the coarse coral or shell aggregates is 5.0-20.0 mm.

6. A method for preparing an artificial reef using all-solid waste seawater sand according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) The coral or shell is crushed, sieved, and washed with seawater to obtain the coarse and fine aggregates, which are then dried at room temperature; 2) Mix the carbide slag, magnesium slag, wood ash, fly ash, and slag powder in proportion, dry them, and then put them into a ball mill to ball mill until the particle size is less than 200 mesh to prepare a powder cementitious material. 3) The powdered cementitious material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and seawater are thoroughly mixed and stirred in proportion to prepare artificial reef casting material; 4) The artificial reef casting material is poured into the mold, cured in seawater at room temperature for 7 days, and then the mold is removed and the material is put into use.

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