Method for preparing efficient organic fertilizer based on mixed fermentation of sheep manure and fire-holding plant ash

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural organic waste resource utilization, and discloses a method for preparing an efficient organic fertilizer based on mixed fermentation of sheep manure and fire-holding plant ash. The method comprises the following steps: taking fresh or preliminarily dried and crushed sheep manure and active plant ash which is just extinguished after sufficient combustion of biomass and still keeps waste heat of 40-80 DEG C as raw materials, quickly and uniformly mixing the two raw materials, adjusting the water content of the material to 50-60%, adding a fermentation inoculant, and building a pile; and controlling the pile body to ferment at a high temperature of 55-70 DEG C for 5-7 days, cooling and thoroughly decomposing, and ventilating and aging for 1-2 weeks to obtain the high-efficiency organic fertilizer. The synergistic effect of waste heat of fire-holding plant ash and strong alkalinity is utilized, rapid insect killing and sterilization are achieved, organic acid is neutralized, nutrients are activated, the air permeability of a pile body is improved, and the fermentation period is remarkably shortened; the worm egg killing rate of the prepared organic fertilizer is greater than 99%, the content of available phosphorus and available potassium is greatly increased, efficient resource utilization of agricultural wastes is realized, and the requirements of green circular agriculture development are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural organic waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a method for preparing high-efficiency organic fertilizer based on the mixed fermentation of sheep manure and fire-resistant wood ash. Background Technology

[0002] Sheep manure, a widely available and high-quality organic fertilizer in agricultural production, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements, making it an important organic material for improving soil and enhancing crop quality. However, direct application of insufficiently treated sheep manure has many drawbacks: firstly, its organic matter decomposes slowly, and the nutrient release rate is difficult to match with the crop's nutrient requirements, resulting in delayed fertilizer effectiveness; secondly, sheep manure often carries a large number of parasite eggs, pathogenic microorganisms, and weed seeds, which can easily lead to the spread of soil-borne diseases and increase the pressure on pest control when directly returned to the field; furthermore, when insufficiently decomposed sheep manure undergoes secondary fermentation in the soil, it can easily generate localized high temperatures and organic acid accumulation, causing root and seedling burn in crops, seriously affecting agricultural production safety.

[0003] Traditional sheep manure treatment often involves natural composting of a single material or adding conventional microbial agents to aid fermentation. While this can achieve organic matter decomposition to some extent, it has significant drawbacks: First, the fermentation cycle is long, typically requiring 1-3 months to reach maturity, resulting in low production efficiency. Second, its effectiveness in killing parasite eggs, pathogens, and weed seeds is limited, making it difficult to meet the stringent hygiene requirements of modern agriculture for organic fertilizers. Third, the fermentation process easily leads to the accumulation of organic acids, causing acidification of the compost pile, inhibiting the activity of beneficial microorganisms, and affecting nutrient activation and release efficiency, making it difficult to balance the safety and fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizers.

[0004] Wood ash is the residue left after the complete combustion of plant biomass (such as straw and firewood). It is rich in minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and silicon, and is strongly alkaline, possessing antibacterial, insecticidal, and soil acidification-improving properties. Current technologies mostly use completely cooled wood ash as a soil conditioner or fertilizer additive. However, its unique "fire-holding state" immediately after combustion—retaining residual heat of 40℃-80℃, strong alkalinity, and high activity—has not yet been systematically explored and utilized. After conventional cooling, the physicochemical properties of wood ash tend to stabilize, and the synergistic effect of its instantaneous high temperature and strong alkalinity disappears, making it difficult to achieve rapid insecticidal and sterilization as well as nutrient activation in the early stages of organic fertilizer preparation. This results in the incomplete release of the synergistic resource potential of sheep manure and wood ash.

[0005] Currently, there are no publicly available reports on the immediate and uniform mixing of "fire-holding" wood ash and sheep manure, utilizing residual heat and the synergistic effect of strong alkalinity to ferment and prepare organic fertilizer. Conventional processes cannot simultaneously achieve the dual goals of efficient insecticidal sterilization and nutrient activation in the early stages of fermentation. This not only fails to address the safety hazards of direct application of sheep manure but also fails to fully realize the resource value of both sheep manure and wood ash, thus restricting the efficiency of agricultural organic waste resource utilization and the improvement of product added value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for preparing sheep manure organic fertilizer with a short fermentation cycle, thorough pest and disease control, and full nutrient activation, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization of sheep manure and wood ash agricultural waste.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing high-efficiency organic fertilizer based on the fermentation of sheep manure and fire-retardant wood ash, the specific steps of which are as follows: (1) Raw material preparation: Collect fresh or partially dried sheep manure and crush it to a suitable particle size; at the same time, collect wood ash that has just been extinguished after the biomass fuel has been fully burned and is still in a state of residual heat of 40℃-80℃.

[0008] (2) Uniform mixing: Mix the burning wood ash with the crushed sheep manure quickly and evenly at a ratio of 5%-20% of the dry weight of the sheep manure, so that the residual heat and alkalinity of the wood ash can directly act on the sheep manure.

[0009] (3) Adjustment and pile building: Add an appropriate amount of water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60% (by weight); a small amount of fermentation agent (such as EM bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria, etc., the amount added is 0.1%-0.5% of the dry weight of sheep manure) can be added to accelerate the fermentation process, and then the material is piled up to build a fermentation pile.

[0010] (4) Temperature-controlled fermentation: The fermentation pile is managed by turning the pile and ventilating to control the temperature of the pile within the range of 55℃-70℃ for 5-7 days, giving full play to the high temperature insecticidal and sterilizing effect and promoting the decomposition of organic matter; then it enters the cooling and maturation stage until the material temperature approaches the ambient temperature, has no odor and is loose and dark brown.

[0011] (5) Post-fermentation and aging: After fermentation, the material is aged for 1-2 weeks under ventilated conditions to obtain high-efficiency organic fertilizer with an insect egg killing rate of >99% and effective phosphorus and available potassium content significantly higher than conventional sheep manure compost.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: 1. Highly effective insecticidal and sterilizing: The instantaneous residual heat and highly alkaline environment of the wood ash in its burning state can effectively kill or inhibit parasite eggs, pathogens and weed seeds in sheep manure in the early stage of mixing, significantly reducing the biological risks during the fermentation process and improving fertilizer safety.

[0013] 2. Enhance fertilizer efficiency and nutrient activation: The alkalinity of wood ash can neutralize some of the organic acids produced by sheep manure fermentation, stabilize the pH environment, and facilitate microbial activity; its rich potassium, calcium and other mineral elements are directly added to the fertilizer; at the same time, the alkalinity and minerals of wood ash and the organic matter of sheep manure produce a synergistic effect during fermentation, promoting the humification of organic matter and the activation of insoluble nutrients, and improving the bioavailability of elements such as phosphorus and potassium.

[0014] 3. Improve the fermentation process: Wood ash can improve the pore structure of the pile, increase air permeability, provide favorable conditions for aerobic fermentation, avoid the odor produced by anaerobic environment, and shorten the fermentation cycle.

[0015] 4. Resource recycling: This method efficiently combines two common agricultural wastes, sheep manure and straw combustion products (wood ash), turning waste into treasure and producing high-value-added organic fertilizer, which is in line with the development direction of green circular agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention for preparing high-efficiency organic fertilizer based on the fermentation of sheep manure and fire-resistant wood ash. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further illustrated by specific embodiments below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0018] Example 1 This embodiment prepares organic fertilizer through fermentation according to the following steps: 1. Raw material preparation: Collect 1 ton of fresh sheep manure (dry weight about 450 kg), crush it to a particle size of less than 5 cm using a crusher; at the same time, collect 45 kg of ash from pine wood that has just been extinguished but has not been completely cooled after it has been fully burned, with a measured temperature of about 60℃ (accounting for 10% of the dry weight of the sheep manure).

[0019] 2. Mix evenly: Before the heat of the wood ash dissipates, put it into a mixer and mix it quickly and evenly with the crushed sheep manure.

[0020] 3. Adjustment and pile building: Spray about 200 kg of clean water into the mixture to adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%, and add 1 kg of commercial organic fertilizer fermentation agent (containing EM bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria). After mixing thoroughly, pile the material into a fermentation pile with a bottom width of 2m and a height of 1.5m, and cover it with a breathable membrane to keep it warm and moist.

[0021] 4. Temperature-controlled fermentation: The fermentation pile is managed. The temperature of the pile rises to 58℃ the next day, and the high-temperature fermentation stage begins. The pile is turned over every 3 days to ensure uniform ventilation and control the temperature within the range of 55℃-70℃. The high-temperature period (temperature > 55℃) is maintained for 6 days. After the high-temperature fermentation ends, the cooling and maturation stage begins, and the temperature of the pile gradually decreases. The fermentation lasts for a total of 25 days. During this period, no obvious odor is produced in the material until the temperature of the material approaches the ambient temperature and it becomes loose and dark brown.

[0022] 5. Post-fermentation and aging: After cooling and fermentation, the material is moved to a ventilated area and aged for 10 days under ventilated conditions, eventually yielding about 650 kg of dark brown, loose, odorless, high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0023] According to professional testing, the insect egg killing rate of this high-efficiency organic fertilizer is >99%, the effective phosphorus content is about 15% higher than that of traditional sheep manure compost under the same conditions, and the available potassium content is about 25% higher. All indicators meet the application requirements of high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0024] Example 2 This embodiment prepares organic fertilizer through fermentation according to the following steps: 1. Raw material preparation: Collect 800 kg of partially dried sheep manure (dry weight about 600 kg) and crush it to a particle size of 4 cm; at the same time, collect 60 kg of the still-burning ash from corn stalks that has just been extinguished but has not been completely cooled, with a measured temperature of about 70℃ (accounting for 10% of the dry weight of sheep manure).

[0025] 2. Mix evenly: Before the heat of the wood ash dissipates, put it into a mixer and mix it quickly and evenly with the crushed sheep manure.

[0026] 3. Adjustment and pile building: Spray water into the mixture to adjust the moisture content of the material to 52%, and add 0.8 kg of EM bacteria agent. After mixing thoroughly, pile the material into a fermentation pile with a bottom width of 2m and a height of 1.5m, and cover it with a breathable membrane to keep it warm and moist.

[0027] 4. Temperature-controlled fermentation: The fermentation pile is managed. The temperature of the pile rises to 62℃ the next day, and the high-temperature fermentation stage begins. The pile is turned over every 2 days to ensure uniform ventilation and control the temperature within the range of 55℃-70℃. The high-temperature period (temperature > 55℃) is maintained for 7 days. After the high-temperature fermentation ends, the cooling and maturation stage begins, and the temperature of the pile gradually decreases. The fermentation lasts for a total of 25 days. During this period, no obvious odor is produced in the material until the material temperature approaches the ambient temperature and it becomes loose and dark brown.

[0028] 5. Post-fermentation and aging: After cooling and fermentation, the material is moved to a ventilated area and aged for 14 days under ventilated conditions, eventually yielding about 480 kg of dark brown, loose, odorless, high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0029] According to professional testing, the insect egg killing rate of this high-efficiency organic fertilizer is 99.2%, the effective phosphorus content is about 13% higher than that of traditional sheep manure compost under the same conditions, and the available potassium content is about 22% higher. All indicators meet the application requirements of high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-efficiency organic fertilizer based on the mixed fermentation of sheep manure and fire-retardant wood ash, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: collect fresh or partially dried and crushed sheep manure, as well as wood ash in a fire-holding state; (2) Mix evenly: Quickly and evenly mix the burning wood ash with sheep manure; (3) Adjustment and pile building: Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%-60%, add fermentation agent and pile it into a fermentation pile; (4) Temperature-controlled fermentation: First, control the temperature of the pile to be maintained within the range of 55℃-70℃ for 5-7 days, and then enter the cooling and maturation stage until the material temperature approaches the ambient temperature, has no odor and is loose and dark brown. (5) Post-fermentation and aging: The fermented material is aged to obtain high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire-holding ash refers to the active state of the wood ash that has just been extinguished after the biomass fuel has been fully burned, and still retains residual heat at 40℃-80℃.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of wood ash in the fire-holding state added is 5%-20% of the dry weight of sheep manure.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation agent is one or more of EM bacteria and cellulose-decomposing bacteria.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The amount of fermentation agent added is 0.1%-0.5% of the dry weight of sheep manure.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During temperature-controlled fermentation, the temperature of the pile is maintained stable by turning the pile and ventilating it.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-ripening and aging stages are carried out in a well-ventilated area and last for 1-2 weeks.

8. A high-efficiency organic fertilizer, characterized in that, Prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-7.

Images