A semi-container based method for raising seedlings for afforestation

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of afforestation methods, and particularly relates to a seedling raising and afforestation method based on a semi-container, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a seedling raising substrate; S2, preparing a seedling bed; S3, placing a container cup; S4, sowing; S5, cutting roots; during growth, the roots are cut by rotating the container cup; S6, seedling raising and afforestation; the seedling is raised after the container seedling is cultivated for 3-4 years to reach a cultivation specification, and the raising time is preferably before early spring germination; when the seedling is raised, the roots that grow out of the container cup and are too long are appropriately pruned, and the container cup does not need to be removed during afforestation, and the seedling can be directly planted into a planting hole. The method changes the cultivation method of the root system of the seedling growing completely in the container cup, avoids the limitation of the ordinary container seedling cultivation and afforestation mode on the growth and space of the root system, solves the problems of traditional container seedling afforestation, such as root lodging, root discing and scattered clumps, and can provide the seedling growth with the original nutrient soil and moisture in the nutrient cup, and has the advantages of the traditional nutrient cup.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of afforestation method, and particularly relates to a seedling raising and afforestation method based on a semi-container. BACKGROUND

[0002] Container seedling afforestation has many advantages, can keep the root system of seedling intact, does not hurt the root, the seedling can fully utilize the original nutrient soil and moisture in the container cup, does not need to be acclimated, directly grows, prolongs the afforestation time and the like. Compared with bare-root seedling afforestation, has the advantages of strong drought resistance and high afforestation survival rate, can effectively improve the afforestation survival rate in the drought and barren area in the north, and improve the afforestation quality. However, during the seedling raising period, due to the fact that the root system of the seedling grows in the container cup, is limited by the closed container cup space, the problem of insufficient growth space of the root system of the seedling often exists, the seedling is prone to the phenomena of root lodging and root winding, and after afforestation, the root system often develops poorly and the growth is hindered; especially for some broad-leaved tree species with developed taproot, the taproot system even disappears and develops into a clump root system, which has a great adverse effect on the later growth of the tree. In addition, the container seedling after being removed from the cup is also prone to the phenomenon of scattered clumps, which affects the afforestation survival rate. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a seedling raising and afforestation method based on a semi-container, which ensures the development of the root system after afforestation and improves the afforestation survival rate.

[0004] The specific technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A seedling raising and afforestation method based on a semi-container, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, preparing a seedling substrate;

[0007] S2, preparing a seedling bed; digging a ridge, ploughing the soil at the bottom of the ridge, leveling, then laying the seedling substrate at the bottom of the ridge, leveling and compacting the bed surface to form a seedling bed;

[0008] S3, placing container cups; holes for the root system to pass through are formed in the side wall and the bottom of the container cup, the seedling substrate is filled into the container cup, then the container cup is placed on the seedling bed, and the gap between the cups is filled with the prepared seedling substrate;

[0009] S4, sowing; 2-5 seeds of the tree are sown in each container cup, and the soil is covered;

[0010] S5, root cutting; during the growth period, the root is cut by rotating the container cup;

[0011] S6, seedling raising and afforestation; after the container seedling is cultivated for 3-4 years to reach the cultivation specification, the seedling is raised, and the raising time is preferably before the early spring germination; when the seedling is raised, the root system that grows out of the container cup excessively is appropriately pruned, and when the afforestation is performed, the container cup does not need to be removed, and the seedling is directly planted into the planting hole.

[0012] The container cup has a diameter of 10-15 cm and a height of 20-30 cm, the side wall is uniformly provided with holes with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm and a hole spacing of 2-4 cm; a circle of small holes with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm is arranged at the bottom of the container cup; and a hole with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm is arranged at the middle of the bottom.

[0013] In the step S1, the preparation of the seedling substrate is as follows:

[0014] S101, preparing material 1; one or more of the following is mixed: rotten leaf soil, crop straw compost, and grass charcoal soil, and crushed conifer bark is added, with a formula ratio of (55-65):(35-45) to form the material 1;

[0015] S102, preparing the adhesive; polyvinyl alcohol and corn starch are selected to form an adhesive aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of the corn starch is 2% and the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1%;

[0016] S103, mixing the materials; according to the ratio of 10 kg of material 1:1000 ml of adhesive aqueous solution, the adhesive aqueous solution is sprayed into the material 1 by a high-pressure spray pot to form material 2;

[0017] S104, the well-proportioned material 2 is adjusted to a water content of 30%-45%, and is formed into a semicircular small pile, and is covered with a plastic film and is exposed to sunlight for 7-10 days, and then 1% potassium fulvate and 1% dihydrogen potassium phosphate are added and mixed to form the seedling substrate, which is stored in a cool place for use.

[0018] In the step S101, the conifer bark is naturally stacked for more than half a year or is mechanically crushed and sieved for more than 3 months, and the particle size is 2-10 mm.

[0019] In the step S3, before the container cup is placed, a mesh cup is sleeved on the container cup, the side wall and the bottom of the mesh cup are provided with mesh holes to form a mesh structure, the diameter of the mesh cup is greater than that of the container cup by 1-2 cm, and the height of the mesh cup is greater than that of the container cup by 1-2 cm.

[0020] The holes of the container cup are broken holes in the form of a cross cut on the side wall, and the broken holes form a cross-shaped flap structure.

[0021] The inner side wall and the bottom of the mesh cup are pre-covered with a layer of wet clay, the container cup is squeezed into the mesh cup, the wet clay is squeezed into the holes of the container cup and pushes open the cross-shaped flap structure, the cross-shaped flap structure is folded towards the inside of the container cup, and then the seedling substrate is loaded into the container cup.

[0022] In the step S6, when the seedlings are transplanted, only the mesh cup is peeled off, and the container cup does not need to be removed, and at this time, the container cup is wrapped outside with the clay layer in which the roots grow.

[0023] The step S5 is performed twice,

[0024] The first time of turning cup; 3-5 months after the seedling emergence, when the main root system of the seedling has grown out of the bottom of the container cup, the container cup is lifted 1-2 cm and turned 180°, the main root is broken, and the lateral root development inside the cup is promoted;

[0025] The second time of turning cup; in the spring of the second year, the method is the same as the first time of turning cup; the lateral root growing out of the side wall is broken to promote the lateral root development and fibrous root growing out of the container cup.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0027] The method of the present application changes the cultivation method of the root system of the seedling growing completely in the container cup, avoids the limitation of the root system growth and space in the ordinary container seedling cultivation and afforestation method, solves the problems of the traditional container seedling afforestation such as the root lodging, the root discing and the scattered piling, and can provide the nutrient soil and water in the original nutrient cup for the seedling growth, and has the advantages of the traditional nutrient cup. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the container cup of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of the container cup after being sleeved with the mesh cup;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the container cup and the mesh cup combination placed on the seedling bed;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged schematic view of the cross-shaped petal structure;

[0032] In the drawings, 1 is a seedling bed, 2 is a container cup, 3 is a mesh cup, 4 is a cross-shaped petal structure, and 5 is a wet clay layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments:

[0034] The specific embodiments are shown in Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 The present application is a kind of seedling afforestation method based on semi-container, which comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1, preparing a seedling substrate;

[0036] S2, preparing a seedling bed 1; digging a ridge, plowing the soil at the bottom of the ridge, leveling, then laying the seedling substrate on the bottom of the ridge, leveling and compacting the bed surface to form the seedling bed 1;

[0037] ​​S3, placing the container cup 2; the side wall and the bottom of the container cup 2 are provided with holes for roots to pass through, the container cup 2 is filled with the seedling substrate, and then is placed on the seedling bed 1, and the gaps between the container cups are filled with the prepared seedling substrate;

[0038] S4, seeding; 2-5 seeds of the forest tree are sowed in each container cup 2, and the soil is covered;

[0039] S5, root cutting; during the growth period, the roots are cut by rotating the container cup 2;

[0040] S6, seedling raising and afforestation; the container seedlings are raised after reaching the cultivation specifications after being cultivated for 3-4 years, and the raising time is preferably before the early spring germination; the roots that grow out of the container cup 2 are appropriately pruned when the seedlings are raised, and the container cup 2 does not need to be removed and can be directly planted into the planting hole.

[0041] The method is suitable for the cultivation of common mountain afforestation tree seedlings in northern areas, including Pinus tabulaeformis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, oak species, Picea, Acer mono and the like.

[0042] When the seedling bed 1 is prepared, the size of the furrow is 1.5 m-2 m wide, 25-30 cm deep, and the length can be selected according to the seedling site or the number of seedlings, and the furrow ridge is built with bricks or is formed by soil culture; first, the soil at the bottom of the furrow is turned to a depth of about 15 cm, is leveled, then 3-5 cm thick seedling substrate is laid on the bottom of the furrow, is leveled, and the bed surface is compacted.

[0043] After the container cup 2 is placed, the bottom drip irrigation or small water sprinkling irrigation method is used to pour water thoroughly, the substrate in the container cup 2 is filled to a position 0.5-1.0 cm from the top of the container cup 2, and the seedling substrate for filling the gaps between the container cups is supplemented.

[0044] During the cultivation of the container seedlings, 0.3% urea is sprayed on the leaves twice a year from June to July, 50 mg / L chlormequat is sprayed on the leaves once in late July or early August, 0.2% dihydrogen potassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaves in the middle and late August, and the interval between each time is more than 15 days.

[0045] The roots that grow out of the container cup 2 are appropriately pruned when the seedlings are raised, generally the main root is retained to be 5-8 cm long, the lateral root is retained to be 3-5 cm long, and attention is paid to retaining the lateral roots that develop into the root hair group. The exposed lateral roots are paid attention to be kept moist during the transportation and planting process. The container cup 2 does not need to be removed and can be directly planted into the planting hole.

[0046] Further, as shown in Figure 1 the container cup 2 is 10-15 cm in diameter and 20-30 cm in height, the side wall is uniformly provided with holes, the hole diameter is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the hole spacing is 2-4 cm; a circle of small holes is provided at the bottom of the container cup 2, the hole diameter is 0.3-0.5 cm; a hole is provided at the middle part of the bottom, and the hole diameter is 0.5-0.8 cm.

[0047] The main roots and lateral roots of the container seedlings sowed in the cup can extend out of the container cup 2 through the holes with a distance of 2-4 cm, so that the holes are relatively dense, and the container cup 2 is made of regenerated plastic material and has low strength, so that the container cup 2 is broken by the gradually thickened roots after afforestation, thereby the operation of separating the container cup 2 is omitted.

[0048] Further, in the step S1, the preparation of the seedling substrate is as follows:

[0049] S101, preparing material 1; one or more of the following is mixed: rotten leaf soil, crop straw compost, and grass charcoal soil, and crushed conifer bark is added, and the formula ratio is 55-65:35-45, to form the material 1;

[0050] S102, preparing the adhesive; polyvinyl alcohol and corn starch are selected to form an adhesive aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of the corn starch is 2%, and the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1%;

[0051] S103, mixing the materials; according to the ratio of 10 kg of material 1:1000 ml of adhesive aqueous solution, the adhesive aqueous solution is sprayed into the material 1 by a high-pressure watering can to form material 2;

[0052] S104, the well-proportioned material 2 is adjusted to a water content of 30%-45%, and is formed into a semicircular small pile, and is covered with a plastic film and is exposed to sunlight for 7-10 days, and then 1% potassium fulvate and 1% dihydrogen potassium phosphate are added and mixed to form the seedling substrate, which is stored in a cool place for use.

[0053] In the step S101, the conifer bark is naturally stacked for more than half a year or is mechanically crushed and sieved for more than 3 months, and the particle size is 2-10 mm.

[0054] The adhesive is selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and corn starch, the corn starch is a natural substance, the PVA is non-toxic and harmless, is a known high molecular material that can be rarely degraded by environmental microorganisms, and can avoid soil pollution caused by the residue of the adhesive. The PVA is a water-soluble high molecular organic polymer, has strong adhesion to cellulose, has stable adhesion performance, and can increase the compressive strength of the particles, thereby ensuring the integrity of the soil ball of the seedling substrate group and further avoiding the problem of soil scattering in the process of root transfer and transfer.

[0055] Further, in the step S3, before the container cup 2 is placed, the container cup 2 is sleeved with a net cup 3, the side wall and the bottom of the net cup 3 are provided with mesh holes to form a net structure, the diameter of the net cup 3 is 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of the container cup 2, and the height of the net cup 3 is 1-2 cm higher than the height of the container cup 2.

[0056] The step S5 is performed twice,

[0057] The first time, 3-5 months after the seedlings emerge, when the main root system of the seedling has grown out of the bottom of the container cup 2, gently lift the container cup 2 up 1-2 cm and rotate 180°, breaking the main root and promoting the development of the lateral roots inside the cup.

[0058] The second time, in the spring of the second year, the method is the same as the first time; the lateral roots growing out of the side wall are broken to promote the development of the lateral roots growing out of the container cup 2.

[0059] In the first time, the container cup 2 is lifted, and the mesh cup 3 is pressed by hand to avoid being lifted together. Since the main root of the seedling is thin at this time, the main root is broken by the relatively hard clay layer. Since multiple seeds are placed in the container cup 2, after thinning, there is one seedling in each container cup 2, and the main root of the seedling can grow out from the bottom of the small hole. In the process of turning the cup, the main root is cut off.

[0060] In the second time, the mesh cup 3 is pressed in the same way, and the container cup 2 is lifted. The lateral roots are broken by the clay layer and the mesh holes of the mesh cup 3, promoting the growth of the lateral roots inside the container cup 2. The container cup 2 and the mesh cup 3 are made of degradable materials, such as degradable plastic, or the container cup 2 is made of degradable materials and the mesh cup 3 is made of metal or hard plastic, which improves the recycling frequency of the mesh cup 3 and reduces the cost.

[0061] Further, as shown in Figure 4 , the opening of the container cup 2 is a cross-shaped break cut on the side wall, and the cross-shaped flap structure 4 is formed at the break.

[0062] Further, as shown in Figure 2 , the inner wall and bottom of the mesh cup 3 are pre-coated with a wet clay layer 5, the container cup 2 is squeezed into the mesh cup 3, the wet clay is squeezed into the opening of the container cup 2 and the cross-shaped flap structure 4 is opened, so that the cross-shaped flap structure 4 is folded towards the inside of the container cup 2, and then the seedling substrate is loaded into the container cup 2.

[0063] The opening of the container cup 2 is cut into a cross-shaped break, as shown in Figure 4 , when the root system is turned and broken, if the root system is pulled outward with the rotation, since the cross-shaped flap structure 4 is directed inward, the cross-shaped flap structure 4 shrinks and clamps the root system, avoiding damage to the root system inside the cup and reducing damage. During the growth of the seedling after transplanting, when the root system increases and supports the container cup 2, by means of the cross-shaped opening, a weak structure is formed at the gap of the cross-shaped flap structure 4, facilitating the tearing of the side wall of the container cup 2.

[0064] Further, in the step S6 of transplanting and afforestation, only the net cup 3 is stripped, and the container cup 2 does not need to be removed. At this time, the clay layer outside the container cup 2 is wrapped and the roots grow.

[0065] The clay layer wrapped outside forms a protective layer for the roots growing out of the container cup 2, has the effects of moisturizing and preventing the soil ball from collapsing, and the thin clay layer does not hinder the growth of the seedling as the roots grow. Before the net cup 3 is stripped, the overgrown roots can be cut off by rotating the net cup 3, and the roots outside the soil ball are conveniently arranged. By the method, the limitation of the growth of the roots and the space in the ordinary container seedling cultivation and afforestation mode is avoided, the problems of the traditional container seedling afforestation, such as the root lodging, the root disc and the bare-root seedling collapse, are solved, and the original nutrient soil and water in the nutrient cup can be provided for the growth of the seedling, and the advantages of the traditional nutrient cup are combined.

Claims

1. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation, characterized by: It comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a seedling substrate; S2, preparing a seedling bed; digging a furrow, ploughing the soil at the bottom of the furrow, leveling, then laying the seedling substrate at the bottom of the furrow, leveling, compacting the bed surface to form a seedling bed (1); S3, placing container cups (2); the side wall and the bottom of the container cup (2) are provided with holes for roots to pass through, the seedling substrate is filled into the container cup (2), and then the container cup (2) is placed on the seedling bed (1), and the gaps between the container cups are filled with the prepared seedling substrate; S4, sowing; 2-5 seeds of forest trees are sown in each container cup (2), and the soil is covered; S5, root cutting; during the growth period, the roots are cut by rotating the container cup (2); S6, seedling raising and afforestation; the container seedlings are raised after 3-4 years of cultivation to reach the cultivation specifications, and the raising time is preferably before the early spring germination; the roots that grow out of the container cup (2) are appropriately pruned when the seedlings are raised, and the container cup (2) does not need to be removed when afforestation, and the seedlings can be directly planted into the planting hole; The step S3 is performed before placing the container cup (2), and a mesh cup (3) is sleeved on the container cup (2), the mesh cup (3) is provided with mesh holes on the side wall and the bottom to form a mesh structure, the diameter of the mesh cup (3) is 1-2 cm larger than that of the container cup (2), and the height of the mesh cup (3) is 1-2 cm higher than that of the container cup (2); The opening of the container cup (2) is a cross-shaped break formed by cutting the side wall, and the break forms a cross-shaped flap structure (4); The inner side wall and the bottom of the mesh cup (3) are pre-covered with a wet clay layer (5), the container cup (2) is squeezed into the mesh cup (3), the wet clay is squeezed into the opening of the container cup (2) and pushes open the cross-shaped flap structure (4), so that the cross-shaped flap is folded towards the inside of the container cup (2), and then the seedling substrate is filled into the container cup (2).

2. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the container cup (2) is 10-15 cm, the height is 20-30 cm, the side wall is uniformly provided with holes, the hole diameter is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the hole spacing is 2-4 cm; a circle of small holes with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm is formed at the bottom of the container cup (2); a hole with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm is formed at the middle part of the bottom.

3. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S1, the preparation steps of the seedling substrate are as follows: S101, preparing material 1; one or more of decomposed leaf soil, crop straw compost, and grass charcoal soil are mixed, and crushed conifer bark is added, and the formula ratio is (55-65):(35-45) to form the material 1; S102, preparing an adhesive; polyvinyl alcohol and corn starch are selected to prepare an adhesive solution, wherein the mass concentration of the corn starch is 2%, and the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1%; S103, mixing materials; according to the ratio of 10 kg of material 1:1000 ml of adhesive solution, the adhesive solution is sprayed into the material 1 by a high-pressure sprayer to form material 2; S104, the well-proportioned material 2 is adjusted to a water content of 30%-45%, and is formed into a semicircular small pile, is covered with a plastic film, is exposed to sunlight for 7-10 days, 1% potassium fulvate and 1% dihydrogen potassium phosphate are added, and after mixing, the seedling substrate is formed, and is stored in a cool place for use.

4. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation as claimed in claim 3 wherein: The step S101, the natural pines bark is piled up for more than half a year or is piled up for more than 3 months, is mechanically pulverized and is sieved, and the particle size is 2-10mm.

5. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S6, when the seedling is transplanted, only the net cup is stripped, and the container cup (2) is not removed, and at this time, the clay layer outside the container cup is wrapped and the roots grow.

6. A semi-container based method of raising seedlings for afforestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S5, the cup is rotated to break the roots twice, The first time, the cup is rotated 3-5 months after the seedling is grown, the main root of the seedling has grown out of the bottom of the container cup (2), the container cup (2) is lifted by 1-2cm, and the main root is broken by rotating 180°, so that the lateral root in the cup is promoted to grow; The second time, the cup is rotated; In the spring of the second year, the method is the same as the first time, the lateral root growing out of the side wall is broken, so that the lateral root growing out of the container cup (2) is promoted to grow the root hair.

Images