An ecological control technology for rice diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological pest control technology for silk rice, which relates to the field of ecological agricultural planting. The technology involves selecting rice varieties with complementary resistance and sowing them in appropriate proportions, rotating corn and garlic around the paddy field, and burying and retting winter green manure in the spring. By increasing genetic diversity within the paddy field and generating heat and organic acids during retting, the technology inhibits the reproduction and growth of soil-borne pathogens, effectively reducing the occurrence of paddy field pests and diseases and increasing the nutrient content of the soil. This technology not only improves the soil and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also reduces the occurrence of paddy field pests and diseases, lowers production costs, and ensures high and stable rice yields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological agricultural planting, and in particular to an ecological prevention and control technology for rice diseases and insect pests of silk rice. Background Art

[0002] Silky rice is a high-quality rice variety grown in Guangdong. Currently, the province's primary rice cultivation techniques rely on light seedling transplanting, high-yield procedures, and three-control methods. Labor costs remain high, and the development of precision, mechanized, and simplified rice cultivation techniques lags behind. In recent years, Guangdong Province has pursued modern, high-value, and high-yield specialty agriculture, leading to a series of problems, including a high multiple cropping index, high fertilizer input per season, severe nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss from farmland, low fertilizer utilization, increased non-point source pollution, soil compaction, and water and air pollution.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an ecological pest control technology for rice plants with silky rice. This technology involves selecting rice varieties with complementary resistance and planting them in appropriate proportions, rotating corn and garlic around the paddy field, and burying and retting winter green manure in the spring. By increasing genetic diversity within the paddy field and generating heat and organic acids during retting, the technology inhibits the growth and reproduction of soil-borne pathogens, effectively reducing the incidence of rice field pests and diseases and increasing soil nutrient content. This technology not only improves the soil and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also reduces the incidence of rice field pests and diseases, lowers production costs, and ensures high and stable rice yields.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rice pest and disease ecological control technology comprising the following steps

[0007] (1) Selection and cultivation of early and late rice seedlings: Select two varieties of early and late rice with similar growth periods and complementary resistance in the local area, mix the dry rice seeds in a certain proportion, soak the seeds with chemicals to accelerate germination, and sow and cultivate seedlings in early April each year;

[0008] (2) Field leveling: Before transplanting rice, the field should be flooded for 3 days and then plowed and harrowed. The height difference of the field should not exceed 5 cm. After the field is leveled, it should be settled for 24 hours before transplanting;

[0009] (3) Field transplanting: When the seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, transplant them with a plant spacing of 14-18 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm;

[0010] (4) Fertilizer management: Apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer one day before transplanting in the field, and apply topdressing fertilizer on the 35th day after transplanting. There is no need to apply tillering fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer applied should be 30-50% of the amount of conventional base fertilizer;

[0011] (5) Corn planting: After transplanting rice in early May, sow 1-2 rows of corn around the field with a spacing of 30-40 cm;

[0012] (6) Rice harvest: Rice is harvested after it matures;

[0013] (7) Green manure planting: After late rice harvest, directly sow milk vetch without tillage. Use rhizobia to mix the milk vetch seeds before sowing. The sowing rate of dry milk vetch seeds is 3.5-5 kg / mu;

[0014] (8) Corn harvest and garlic planting: Plant garlic after the corn around the field is mature and harvested in late September;

[0015] (9) Burying the milk vetch: After the milk vetch blooms in early to mid-April of the second year, bury the milk vetch plants 10 to 20 cm below the soil layer and moisten and ferment.

[0016] (10) Garlic harvest: Harvest garlic in mid-to-late April of the second year. The garlic leaves and Chinese milk vetch are buried together in the moist soil to ferment.

[0017] Preferably, the rice varieties selected in step (1) should have a growth period difference of no more than 5 days, and their disease resistance should be complementary. For early rice, a mixture of Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and Baiyue Si Miao can be used, and for late rice, a mixture of Zengxiang Youning Xiang Si Miao and Gengxiang You 98 Si Miao can be used.

[0018] As a preference: in the step (1), the ratio of Jinhengyou Golden Silk Seedling to Baiyue Silk Seedling should be 2:1, and the mixing ratio of Zengxiang Youning Fragrant Silk Seedling to Gengxiang You 98 Silk Seedling should be 2:1;

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), if the selected mixed rice varieties are all hybrid rice, the plant spacing is 18 cm; if the selected mixed rice varieties contain one hybrid rice, the plant spacing is 16 cm; if the selected mixed rice varieties are all conventional rice, the plant spacing is 14 cm;

[0020] Preferably, the amount of base fertilizer applied in step (4) is 40% of the amount of conventional base fertilizer applied;

[0021] Preferably, the ear fertilizer in step (4) is urea, and the dosage is 7-8 kg / mu (preferably 7.5 kg / mu).

[0022] As a preference: in step (5), the corn variety should be a summer corn variety suitable for the local area;

[0023] Preferably, in step (5), two rows of corn are sown at a spacing of 35 cm.

[0024] Preferably, in steps (9) and (10), the fermentation time is 10 to 15 days.

[0025] The present invention has the following advantages and effects compared to the prior art:

[0026] The present invention provides an ecological pest and disease control technology for silk rice. The technology comprises the following steps: mixing and planting rice varieties with complementary disease resistance in a certain proportion; rotating corn and garlic; planting milk vetch as a green manure in winter; and fermenting milk vetch plants and garlic leaves in spring around the fields. This technology improves field species diversity, thereby achieving pest and disease control while also improving soil quality and fertility, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and reducing production costs while ensuring high and stable rice yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is the process flow chart of the ecological prevention and control technology of rice diseases and insect pests in Si Miao rice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0029] The early rice varieties selected in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention are Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and Baiyue Si Miao, and the late rice varieties are Zengxiang Youning Xiangsi Miao and Gengxiang You 98 Si Miao. The implementation time is from 2022 to 2023.

[0030] The technical features not disclosed in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention are all set according to conventional planting methods.

[0031] The process flow chart of the ecological control technology of rice diseases and insect pests in the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] When sowing early rice, mix the dry seeds of Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and Baiyue Si Miao in a weight ratio of 2:1; when sowing late rice, mix Zengxiang Youning Xiangsi Miao and Gengxiang You 98 Si Miao in a weight ratio of 2:1, and then use medicine to soak the seeds and germinate. The early rice will be sown and raised by machine on April 9, 2022, and the late rice will be sown and raised on July 15, 2022. The seedlings will be transplanted when they grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart. Among them, the early rice will be transplanted at a plant spacing of 16 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm, and the late rice will be transplanted at a plant spacing of 18 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm. Before transplanting rice, the field will be flooded for 3 days and then plowed and harrowed. The height difference of the field shall not exceed 5 cm. After the field is leveled, it will be transplanted 24 hours after settlement. One day before transplanting in the field, apply compound fertilizer (Huifeng Compound Fertilizer, purchased from Henan Dingfa Chemical Co., Ltd.) at a rate of 15 kg / mu as base fertilizer. On the 35th day after transplanting, apply urea as spike fertilizer at a rate of 7.5 kg / mu. No tillering fertilizer is required, and the base fertilizer application rate is 40% of the conventional base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application rate. Harvesters are used after rice matures. After the late rice is harvested, milk vetch seeds are mixed with rhizobia and sown directly into the field at a dry weight of 5 kg / mu without tillage. After transplanting rice in early May, two rows of corn are sown around the field with a spacing of 35 cm. When the corn matures in late September, the corn is harvested and garlic is planted. The garlic is harvested on April 7, 2023, the following year. The garlic leaves are buried together with the flowering milk vetch as green manure in the soil layer 10 to 20 cm deep in the field and moistened and fermented for 15 days.

[0034] During the rice growth period, the incidence of rice blast and bacterial blight, as well as the leaf roller rate of the rice leaf roller, were measured in the paddy fields. Rice yield was measured after harvest at maturity. All data represent the sum of early and late rice. All data are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 1

[0036] Except that the dry seeds of Jinhengyou Jinsi seedlings and Baiyue Si seedlings are in a weight ratio of 1:1 when sowing early rice, and the dry seeds of Zengxiang Youning Xiangsi seedlings and Gengxiang You 98 Si seedlings are in a weight ratio of 1:1 when sowing late rice, the rest of the planting and cultivation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0037] During the rice growth period, the incidence of rice blast and bacterial blight, as well as the leaf roller rate of the rice leaf roller, were measured in the paddy fields. Rice yield was measured after harvest at maturity. All data represent the sum of early and late rice. All data are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 2

[0039] Except that the dry seeds of Jinhengyou Jinsi seedlings and Baiyue Si seedlings are in a weight ratio of 1:2 when sowing early rice, and the dry seeds of Zengxiang Youning Xiangsi seedlings and Gengxiang You 98 Si seedlings are in a weight ratio of 1:2 when sowing late rice, the rest of the planting and cultivation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0040] During the rice growth period, the incidence of rice blast and bacterial blight, as well as the leaf roller rate of the rice leaf roller, were measured in the paddy fields. Rice yield was measured after harvest at maturity. All data represent the sum of early and late rice. All data are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 3

[0042] Rice fields under normal production (early rice varieties Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and late rice varieties Xiangyouning Xiangsi Miao) were selected from local farmers and were not undergoing any pest and disease control measures. The incidence of rice blast and bacterial blight, as well as the leaf roller rate of the rice leaf roller, were measured during the rice growth period. Yield was determined after rice was harvested at maturity. All data represent the sum of both early and late rice varieties. All data are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Field disease incidence, insect pest incidence and yield of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0044]

[0045] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the examples and comparative examples (P<0.05).

[0046] As shown in Table 1, the rice blast diseased leaf rate and the rice leaf roller leaf rolling rate of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were significantly reduced compared with Comparative Example 3, and the rice yield was significantly increased. The rice blast diseased leaf rate of Example 1 was significantly reduced by 57.0%, 56.6%, and 69.1% compared with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, respectively; the bacterial blight diseased cluster rate was significantly reduced by 31.1%, 50.5%, and 53.5% compared with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, respectively; the rice leaf roller leaf rolling rate had no significant difference compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, but was significantly reduced by 55.9% compared with Comparative Example 3; and the rice yield was significantly increased by 14.4%, 16.9%, and 24.8% compared with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, respectively.

[0047] This is because in early rice and late rice, varieties with complementary resistance need to be matched in appropriate proportions to maximize the effect of mixed sowing and disease resistance. At the same time, rotating corn and garlic around the fields can form a "shield wall" through physical and chemical barriers, blocking pests outside the rice fields and reducing the occurrence of pests. The heat and large amounts of organic acids generated by the composting of green manure can effectively prevent the germination of weeds and the growth of soil-borne pathogens in the rice fields, thereby reducing the risk of rice production reduction and increasing rice yield.

[0048] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides an ecological control technology for rice diseases and insect pests of silk rice. By selecting varieties with complementary resistance and planting them in a mixed manner in an appropriate proportion, planting corn and garlic around the field, planting milk vetch as a green manure in winter, and retting and fermenting milk vetch plants and garlic leaves in spring, the occurrence of rice field diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, and the nutrient content in the soil is increased. This technology can not only improve the soil and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also reduce the occurrence of rice field diseases and insect pests, reduce production costs, and ensure high and stable rice yields.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Selection and raising of early and late rice seedlings: Select two varieties of early and late rice with similar growth periods and complementary resistance in the local area, mix the dry rice seeds in a certain proportion, soak the seeds with pesticides to accelerate germination, and then sow and raise the seedlings; for early rice, a mixture of Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and Baiyue Si Miao was selected, and for late rice, a mixture of Zengxiang Youning Xiang Si Miao and Gengxiang You 98 Si Miao was selected; the ratio of Jinhengyou Jinsi Miao and Baiyue Si Miao was 2:1, and the ratio of Zengxiang Youning Xiang Si Miao and Gengxiang You 98 Si Miao was 2:1; (2) Field leveling: Before transplanting rice, the field should be flooded for 3 days and then plowed and harrowed. The height difference of the field should not exceed 5 cm. After the field is leveled, it should be settled for 24 hours before transplanting. (3) Field transplanting: When the rice seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, they are transplanted with a plant spacing of 14-18 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm. If the selected rice mixture varieties are all hybrid rice, the plant spacing is 18 cm. If the selected rice mixture varieties contain one hybrid rice, the plant spacing is 16 cm. If the selected rice mixture varieties are all conventional rice, the plant spacing is 14 cm. (4) Fertilizer management: Apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer one day before transplanting in the field, and apply topdressing fertilizer to the spikelets on the 35th day after transplanting. There is no need to apply tillering fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer applied should be 30-50% of the amount of conventional base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The amount of urea applied to the spikelets should be 7-8 kg / mu. (5) Corn planting: After transplanting rice in early May, plant 1-2 rows of corn around the field with a spacing of 30-40 cm between plants. (6) Rice harvest: Rice is harvested after it matures; (7) Green manure planting: After late rice harvest, directly sow milk vetch without tillage. Use rhizobia to mix the milk vetch seeds before sowing. The sowing rate of dry milk vetch seeds is 3.5-5 kg / mu; (8) Corn harvest and garlic planting: Plant garlic after the corn around the field is mature and harvested in late September; (9) Burying the Milk Vetch: After the Milk Vetch blooms in early to mid-April of the following year, bury the Milk Vetch plants 10 to 20 cm below the soil layer and moisten and retting for 10 to 15 days. (10) Garlic harvest: Harvest garlic in mid-to-late April of the second year. Bury the garlic leaves and Chinese milk vetch together in the moist soil for fermentation. The fermentation time is 10 to 15 days.

2. The method for ecological prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the amount of base fertilizer applied is 40% of the amount of conventional base fertilizer applied.

3. The method for ecological prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the corn variety is selected to be a summer corn variety suitable for the local area.

4. The method for ecological prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), two rows of corn were sown with a spacing of 35 cm between plants.

Images