A high efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor

Abstract

The application discloses a high-efficiency magnetic resistance type transmitter circuit controlled by silicon controlled rectifier, relates to the technical field of electromagnetic emission and driving, and the transmitter unit is used for converting electric energy into magnetic energy and emitting the magnetic energy, and the residual magnetic energy is stored in an energy storage capacitor; the charging unit is used for charging the energy storage capacitor; the charging unit is formed by a full-bridge structure based on a photoelectric isolator; the charging unit is connected with the transmitter unit; the control unit provides a power supply for the charging unit; the trigger unit controls the opening and closing of the transmitter unit; the existing electromagnetic forming driving technology is improved; part of energy in the magnetic resistance type transmitter emission process is recovered to the energy storage capacitor, the rapid decay of the coil magnetic field is realized, the projectile is prevented from being subjected to reverse pulling force, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; and the power density is further improved based on the silicon controlled rectifier as a switching device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic transmission and its driving technology, specifically to a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a silicon controlled rectifier. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetoresistive electromagnetic launch technology is an emerging linear propulsion technology. Its launcher consists of a drive coil, a ferromagnetic projectile, and auxiliary components. When the solenoid is energized, magnetic induction lines are distributed inside and outside the solenoid, with the magnetic potential gradually increasing from the outside in. The ferromagnetic projectile outside the solenoid is pulled towards the center of the coil. This utilizes the change in magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit formed by the drive coil and the ferromagnetic projectile to attract and accelerate the projectile. Because it offers significantly improved projectile speed and range compared to traditional gunpowder-propelled systems, navies worldwide are investing heavily in researching electromagnetic launch technology as a future weapon system. It has broad application prospects in naval guns, anti-missile systems, and space launches.

[0003] However, current magnetoresistive electromagnetic transmitters typically require a freewheeling circuit to prevent overvoltage from damaging the switching devices. This freewheeling circuit causes energy loss due to the conversion of electrical energy into ohmic heat, and also increases the duration of the coil's magnetic field. For magnetoresistive transmitters, this can create a reverse pull, causing the projectile to decelerate and further reducing energy utilization efficiency.

[0004] For other related engineering applications, such as electromagnetic forming, magnetizing machines, electric hammers, and instantaneous solenoid valves, their traditional drive circuits have some shortcomings that need to be improved. At the same time, these devices and tools are also widely used in the nuclear industry, especially the newly developed electromagnetic forming process, which eliminates the dangers of explosive forming and is more convenient than electrohydraulic forming.

[0005] Currently, the drive circuit for electromagnetic forming processes generates an alternating magnetic field through resonance. The first half-wave is the main source of the workpiece deformation effect, while the subsequent alternating current has low work efficiency and high energy dissipation. Magnetizers use electrolytic capacitors and freewheeling diodes, which have drawbacks such as high capacitor internal resistance, short lifespan, and high energy dissipation. Electric hammers and instantaneous solenoid valves, when inductive loads are directly connected to the power grid during operation, reduce the power factor of the power grid. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that current electromagnetic forming processing drive circuits generate alternating magnetic fields through resonance, resulting in low efficiency and high energy dissipation of the subsequent alternating current. Magnetizers using electrolytic capacitors and freewheeling diodes suffer from high internal resistance, short lifespan, and energy dissipation. This invention aims to provide a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor. The half-wave circuit stores energy that would otherwise be dissipated, reduces current fall time, improves energy utilization efficiency during the transmission process of the magnetoresistive electromagnetic transmitter, and enhances the performance of drive circuits in electromagnetic forming processing, magnetizers, electric hammers, instantaneous solenoid valves, and other related applications.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] This solution provides a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor, including:

[0009] The launching unit, including an energy storage capacitor and a launching coil, is used to generate a magnetic field through electrical energy to accelerate the projectile and store the remaining magnetic energy in the energy storage capacitor;

[0010] A charging unit is used to charge an energy storage capacitor; the charging unit is based on a full-bridge structure built with an opto-isolator; the charging unit is connected to the transmitting unit;

[0011] A control unit is used to provide control signals to the charging unit; the control unit is connected to the charging unit.

[0012] A trigger unit is used to control the activation of the transmitting unit, and the trigger unit is connected to the transmitting unit.

[0013] The working principle of this solution: Current electromagnetic forming drive circuits generate alternating magnetic fields through resonance, resulting in low efficiency and high energy dissipation of the subsequent alternating current. Magnetizers using electrolytic capacitors and freewheeling diodes suffer from high internal resistance, short lifespan, and high energy dissipation. This invention aims to provide a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor, improving upon existing electromagnetic forming drive technology. It recovers a portion of the energy during the magnetoresistive transmitter's firing process to a storage capacitor, while simultaneously achieving rapid dissipation of the coil's magnetic field, preventing the projectile from experiencing reverse tension and improving energy utilization efficiency. This solution uses a thyristor as the switching device, offering advantages over IGBTs such as lower cost and higher pulse power. This solution, combined with thyristor devices, further enhances power density.

[0014] A further optimized solution is that the charging unit includes: opto-isolator U3, opto-isolator U4, opto-isolator U5, opto-isolator U6, resistor R22, and resistor R23;

[0015] The opto-isolator U3 and opto-isolator U5 are connected in series to form branch A, and the opto-isolator U2 and opto-isolator U4 are connected in series to form branch B. Branch A and branch B are connected in parallel. Opto-isolators U3 and U4 are both connected to the first DC power supply DC1, and opto-isolators U5 and U6 are both grounded. Opto-isolators U3, U4, U5, and U6 are all connected to the control unit. The connection between opto-isolators U3 and U5 serves as the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit, and the connection between opto-isolators U4 and U6 serves as the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit.

[0016] The charging unit mainly consists of a full-bridge circuit built using opto-isolators based on silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). When the control circuit applies a high level to the LEDs of opto-isolators U3 and U6, the LEDs emit light signals, and the SCRs of opto-isolators U3 and U6 conduct. At this time, the first output terminal OUT1 outputs a high level, and the second output terminal OUT2 outputs a low level. When the control circuit applies a high level to the LEDs of opto-isolators U4 and U5, the first output terminal OUT1 outputs a low level, and the second output terminal OUT2 outputs a high level. The first output terminal OUT1 and the second output terminal OUT2 represent the voltage at the midpoint of the full-bridge circuit.

[0017] A further optimized solution is to make the first DC power supply DC1 600V.

[0018] A further optimized solution is that the control unit includes: resistor R18, resistor R19, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, resistor R21, resistor R20, and single-pole double-throw switch S1;

[0019] One end of resistor R21 is connected in series with capacitor C5 and then connected to the first stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to the charging unit. Resistor R18 is connected in parallel across capacitor C5.

[0020] One end of resistor R20 is connected in series with capacitor C6 and then connected to the second stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1; the other end of resistor R20 is connected to the charging unit; resistor R19 is connected in parallel across capacitor C6.

[0021] The moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected to the second DC power supply DC2.

[0022] When the single-pole double-throw switch S1 closes the branch with the first stationary terminal, current flows through capacitor C5 and resistor R21, thereby turning on opto-isolators U4 and U6. After the transmission is completed, the polarity of the capacitor changes due to the generation of electricity. At this time, the branch with the moving terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch S1 and the second stationary terminal are closed to continue charging.

[0023] A further optimized solution is to make the second DC power supply DC2 12V.

[0024] A further optimized scheme is as follows: the transmitting unit includes N levels of transmitting units, where N≥1; each level of transmitting unit has the same circuit structure A; and the triggering unit corresponds to N levels of triggering units.

[0025] A further optimized scheme is as follows: when N=2, the transmitting unit includes a first-stage transmitting unit and a second-stage transmitting unit; the triggering unit includes a first-stage triggering unit and a second-stage triggering unit; the first-stage transmitting unit is connected to the charging unit, and the first-stage triggering unit is connected to the first-stage transmitting unit; the second-stage transmitting unit is connected to the charging unit, and the second-stage triggering unit is connected to the second-stage transmitting unit.

[0026] A further optimized scheme is that the circuit structure A includes: resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R24, resistor R25, capacitor C1, inductor L1, silicon controlled rectifier SCR1 and silicon controlled rectifier SCR2.

[0027] The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the trigger unit, and the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with resistor R24 ​​and then connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit; the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with capacitor C1 and inductor L1 and then connected to the first end of resistor R2, and the second end of resistor R2 is connected to the trigger unit; one end of resistor R25 is connected between capacitor C1 and inductor L1, and the other end is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit.

[0028] The positive terminal of SCR1 is connected to the negative terminal of SCR2. The negative terminal of SCR2 is connected to the second end of resistor R2, and the positive terminal of SCR2 is connected to the first end of resistor R1.

[0029] The transmitting circuit is used to convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store the remaining magnetic energy in the capacitor; the charging unit is used to charge the capacitor C1; after the charging unit charges the capacitor C1, under the control of the opto-isolator SCR1, the capacitor C1 discharges, and the current flows through the inductor L1 to generate a magnetic field, which powers the projectile. After the launch is completed, the remaining energy in the inductor returns to the capacitor C1 for storage, which is used for the next launch.

[0030] A further optimized solution is that the first-stage triggering unit includes: an opto-isolator U1, resistors R7 and R8, a capacitor C3, resistors R5, R3, R4, and R6.

[0031] One end of resistor R8 is connected to the third DC power supply VD3, and the other end is connected to capacitor C3 and then grounded.

[0032] In opto-isolator U1, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of resistor R7, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with switch S2 and then grounded, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected between resistor R8 and capacitor C3.

[0033] In opto-isolator U1, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R4 and R3 and then connected to the first-stage transmitter unit.

[0034] In opto-isolator U1, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R5 and R6 and then connected to the first-stage transmitter unit.

[0035] A further optimized scheme is as follows: the second-stage trigger unit includes: an infrared light-emitting diode D1, an infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, a phototransistor Q2, resistors R16, R17, and R28, an opto-isolator U2, a resistor R15, a capacitor C4, a resistor R12, and a resistor R13.

[0036] One end of resistor R16 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4, and the other end is connected to capacitor C4 and then grounded; infrared LED D1 is directly opposite the base of transistor Q1;

[0037] The positive terminal of infrared LED D1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R17, and the negative terminal of infrared LED D1 is grounded; the emitter of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R28; the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded; the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of the LED in opto-isolator U2.

[0038] In opto-isolator U2, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with resistor R15 and then between resistor R16 and capacitor C4.

[0039] In opto-isolator U2, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R12 and R11 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit.

[0040] In opto-isolator U2, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R13 and R14 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit.

[0041] The triggering unit controls the triggering state of SCR1 and SCR2 by opening and closing the opto-isolator U1.

[0042] Infrared LED D1 and infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 form a phototransistor pair for detecting the position of a projectile. When the projectile passes through the phototransistor pair, infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is blocked from light, and the second-stage trigger circuit generates a trigger signal to turn on either SCR3 or SCR4. When infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is illuminated, the base of transistor Q2 is turned off due to grounding, and the second-stage trigger circuit does not generate a trigger signal. When a projectile passes through, infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is blocked from light and turned off. At this time, the base of transistor Q2 is turned on due to being connected to a high potential through pull-up resistor R28. Then, the photodiode inside opto-isolator U2 emits a light signal as a spike single-pulse current flows through it, turning on the opto-thyristor inside opto-isolator U2, thus generating a trigger signal to turn on either SCR3 or SCR4. NPN transistor Q2 controls the photodiode inside opto-isolator U2 to generate an optical signal. It reverses the on / off logic of Q1; infrared receiving photodiode Q1 conducts when light is incident, while transistor Q2 conducts when light is blocked, thus generating a trigger signal when a projectile passes through. Resistor R18 is the pull-up resistor for transistor Q2. When infrared receiving photodiode Q1 is off, it provides the high potential required for the base of transistor Q2 to conduct. Capacitors C3 and C4 are discharge capacitors; each switch closure completes a charging and discharging cycle, ensuring that only one trigger signal is generated per switch operation.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. This invention provides a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor; it recovers a portion of the energy during the transmission process of the magnetoresistive transmitter to the energy storage capacitor, while simultaneously achieving rapid dissipation of the coil magnetic field, avoiding reverse tension on the projectile, and improving energy utilization efficiency; this solution is based on a thyristor as a switching device, which has the advantages of low cost and high pulse power compared with IGBT.

[0045] 2. The present invention provides a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a silicon controlled rectifier; the charging unit is based on a full-bridge structure built with an opto-isolator, which avoids the bootstrap boosting method of the traditional full-bridge drive circuit, so that the full-bridge circuit can be used for long-term unidirectional output. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging unit circuit structure;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control unit circuit structure;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first-stage transmitting unit;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second-stage transmitting unit;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first-stage trigger unit;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second-stage trigger unit. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0055] Electromagnetic launch technology plays a crucial role in applications such as modern shipborne weapons, anti-missile systems, and space launches. Magnetoresistive electromagnetic launch technology is one type of electromagnetic launch technology. Magnetoresistive electromagnetic launchers typically require a freewheeling circuit to prevent overvoltage from damaging the switching devices. This freewheeling circuit, on the one hand, causes energy loss due to the conversion of electrical energy into ohmic heat, and on the other hand, increases the duration of the coil's magnetic field, potentially creating a reverse pull that decelerates the projectile, further reducing energy utilization efficiency. To address the above technical problems, this invention provides the following embodiments:

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0058] The launching unit, including an energy storage capacitor and a launching coil, is used to generate a magnetic field through electrical energy to accelerate the projectile and store the remaining magnetic energy in the energy storage capacitor;

[0059] A charging unit is used to charge an energy storage capacitor; the charging unit is based on a full-bridge structure built with an opto-isolator; the charging unit is connected to the transmitting unit;

[0060] A control unit is used to provide control signals to the charging unit; the control unit is connected to the charging unit.

[0061] A trigger unit is used to control the activation of the transmitting unit, and the trigger unit is connected to the transmitting unit.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the charging unit includes: opto-isolator U3, opto-isolator U4, opto-isolator U5, opto-isolator U6, resistor R22, and resistor R23;

[0064] Opto-isolators U3 and U5 are connected in series to form branch A, and opto-isolators U2 and U4 are connected in series to form branch B. Branch A and branch B are connected in parallel. Opto-isolators U3 and U4 are both connected to the first DC power supply DC1, and opto-isolators U5 and U6 are both grounded. Opto-isolators U3, U4, U5, and U6 are all connected to the control unit. The connection between opto-isolators U3 and U5 serves as the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit, and the connection between opto-isolators U4 and U6 serves as the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit. The first DC power supply DC1 is 600V. The control unit is connected in series with the LEDs in opto-isolators U3 and U6 and then grounded. The connection between opto-isolators U4 and U5, and between opto-isolators U4 and U6, is a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) connection.

[0065] The charging unit mainly consists of a full-bridge circuit built using opto-isolators based on silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). When the control circuit applies a high level to the LEDs of opto-isolators U3 and U6, the LEDs emit light signals, and the SCRs of opto-isolators U3 and U6 conduct. At this time, the first output terminal OUT1 outputs a high level, and the second output terminal OUT2 outputs a low level. When the control circuit applies a high level to the LEDs of opto-isolators U4 and U5, the first output terminal OUT1 outputs a low level, and the second output terminal OUT2 outputs a high level. The first output terminal OUT1 and the second output terminal OUT2 represent the voltage at the midpoint of the full-bridge circuit.

[0066] Opto-isolators U3, U4, U5, and U6 are used in the charging circuit. Internally, they consist of photodiodes and photothyristors. When a certain current flows through the photodiode, it generates a light signal, which triggers the photothyristor to conduct. This achieves the conduction of the charging circuit and, because the light signal avoids direct circuit connection, effectively isolates the 600V high-voltage DC power supply from the 12V low-voltage DC power supply, ensuring circuit safety. Opto-isolators U3 and U6 form one group; when this group is conducting, it charges the energy storage capacitors C1 and C2. At this time, the right side of energy storage capacitors C1 and C2 is at a high potential, preparing for odd-numbered emissions. Opto-isolators U4 and U5 form another group; when this group is conducting, it reverse-charges energy storage capacitors C1 and C2. At this time, the left side of energy storage capacitors C1 and C2 is at a high potential, preparing for even-numbered emissions.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the control unit includes: resistor R18, resistor R19, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, resistor R21, resistor R20, and single-pole double-throw switch S1;

[0069] One end of resistor R21 is connected in series with capacitor C5 and then connected to the first stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to the charging unit. Resistor R18 is connected in parallel across capacitor C5.

[0070] One end of resistor R20 is connected in series with capacitor C6 and then connected to the second stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1. The other end of resistor R20 is connected to the charging unit. Resistor R19 is connected in parallel across capacitor C6. The second DC power supply DC2 is 12V.

[0071] The moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected to the second DC power supply DC2.

[0072] Resistor R21 is the current-limiting resistor for capacitor C5, resistor R20 is the current-limiting resistor for capacitor C6, and resistors R18 and R19 are both voltage discharge resistors. That is, after capacitor C5 is fully charged, if switch S1 connects the second DC power supply DC2 to the circuit for igniting C6, resistor R18 and capacitor C5 form a discharge circuit, and the voltage of capacitor C5 is discharged to 0V, preparing for the next charging.

[0073] The discharge time of the capacitor depends on the values ​​of resistor R18 and capacitor C5. The discharge time should not be too short to prevent accidental switching or oscillation from causing a short circuit in the charging circuit. Capacitor C5 (and similarly, capacitor C6) is the overcurrent capacitor of the control circuit. It generates a spike single pulse in the circuit, causing the photodiodes in opto-isolators U4 and U5 to generate a single-pulse optical signal, thus ensuring that the photothyristors in opto-isolators U4 and U5 are effectively triggered. After triggering, as long as there is a current greater than the holding current of the internal thyristor in opto-isolators U4 and U5, they will continue to conduct until the current is less than the holding current. Since the holding current is very small, after opto-isolators U4 and U5 are turned off, capacitors C1 and C2 can be considered fully charged.

[0074] The single-pole double-throw switch S1 can independently conduct the left and right lines. When the single-pole double-throw switch S1 conducts the left line, the second DC power supply DC2 charges capacitor C5, generating current in the line. The photodiodes in opto-isolators U4 and U5 generate optical signals, further turning on the photothyristors in opto-isolators U4 and U5. After opto-isolators U4 and U5 are turned on, the first output terminal OUT1 can be considered grounded, and the second output terminal OUT2 is connected to 600V. Then, capacitors C1 and C2 begin to charge, and the left side is at a high level. If the single-pole double-throw switch S1 conducts the right line, then after capacitors C1 and C2 are charged, the right side will eventually be at a high level.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] In this embodiment, the transmitting unit includes N levels of transmitting units, where N ≥ 1; each level of transmitting unit has the same circuit structure A; the triggering unit corresponds to the transmitting unit with N levels of triggering units.

[0077] To better control electromagnetic emission, N=2. The emission unit includes a first-stage emission unit and a second-stage emission unit; the triggering unit includes a first-stage triggering unit and a second-stage triggering unit; the first-stage emission unit is connected to the charging unit, and the first-stage triggering unit is connected to the first-stage emission unit; the second-stage emission unit is connected to the charging unit, and the second-stage triggering unit is connected to the second-stage emission unit.

[0078] Circuit structure A includes: resistors R1, R2, R24, R25, capacitor C1, inductor L1, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR1) and silicon controlled rectifier (SCR2).

[0079] The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the trigger unit, and the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with resistor R24 ​​and then connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit; the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with capacitor C1 and inductor L1 and then connected to the first end of resistor R2, and the second end of resistor R2 is connected to the trigger unit; one end of resistor R25 is connected between capacitor C1 and inductor L1, and the other end is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit.

[0080] The positive terminal of SCR1 is connected to the negative terminal of SCR2. The negative terminal of SCR2 is connected to the second end of resistor R2, and the positive terminal of SCR2 is connected to the first end of resistor R1.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, the first-stage transmitting unit includes: resistors R1, R2, R24, R25, capacitor C1, inductor L1, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR1) and silicon controlled rectifier (SCR2).

[0082] The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the first stage trigger unit, and the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with resistor R24 ​​and then connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit; the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with capacitor C1 and inductor L1 and then connected to the first end of resistor R2, and the second end of resistor R2 is connected to the first stage trigger unit; one end of resistor R25 is connected between capacitor C1 and inductor L1, and the other end is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit.

[0083] The positive terminal of SCR1 is connected to the negative terminal of SCR2. The negative terminal of SCR2 is connected to the second end of resistor R2, and the positive terminal of SCR2 is connected to the first end of resistor R1.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, the second-stage transmitting unit includes: resistors R9, R10, R26, and R27; capacitor C2; inductor L2; and silicon controlled rectifiers SCR3 and SCR4.

[0085] The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the first-stage trigger unit; the second end of resistor R9 is connected in series with resistor R26 and then connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit; the second end of resistor R9 is connected in series with capacitor C2 and inductor L2 and then connected to the first end of resistor R10, and the second end of resistor R10 is connected to the first-stage trigger unit; one end of resistor R27 is connected between capacitor C2 and inductor L2, and the other end is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit.

[0086] The positive terminal of the SCR3 is connected to the negative terminal of the SCR4. The negative terminal of the SCR4 is connected to the second end of the resistor R10, and the positive terminal of the SCR4 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9.

[0087] The transmitting circuit converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and stores the remaining magnetic energy in capacitors; the charging unit charges capacitors C1 and C2. After charging, capacitors C1 and C2 discharge under the control of opto-isolators SCR1 and SCR2. Current flows through inductors L1 and L2, generating a magnetic field that powers the projectile. After firing, the remaining energy in the inductors returns to capacitors C1 and C2 for storage, ready for future use.

[0088] Resistors R24, R25, R26, and R27 are current-limiting resistors for the two charging units. They also act as buffers connecting capacitors C1 and C2, preventing them from being directly connected while still allowing them to charge simultaneously. If capacitors C1 and C2 were directly connected, the energy storage capacitors would charge and discharge rapidly during the operation of each stage of the transmitting unit, causing the circuit to malfunction. Because the resistance values ​​of resistors R24, R25, R26, and R27 are much larger than those of resistors R1, R2, R9, and R10 in the transmitting circuit, they act as buffers, making the charging and discharging between the energy storage capacitors negligible during transmission, allowing the transmitting unit to operate normally.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] like Figure 6 As shown, the first-stage triggering unit includes: opto-isolator U1, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C3, resistor R5, resistor R3, resistor R4 and resistor R6;

[0091] One end of resistor R8 is connected to the third DC power supply VD3, and the other end is connected to capacitor C3 and then grounded.

[0092] In opto-isolator U1, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of resistor R7, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with switch S2 and then grounded, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected between resistor R8 and capacitor C3.

[0093] In opto-isolator U1, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R4 and R3 and then connected to the first-stage transmitter unit.

[0094] In opto-isolator U1, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R5 and R6 and then connected to the first-stage transmitter unit.

[0095] Resistor R8 is the charging resistor for capacitor C3. After switch S2 is open, capacitor C3 is charged through resistor R8. The charging time should not be too fast to prevent accidental switch contact or oscillation from causing the trigger circuit to malfunction. If switch S2 remains closed, after capacitor C3 has finished discharging, the current through resistor R8 must be less than the trigger current of the photodiode inside opto-isolator U1 to prevent failure of the transmitting half-wave circuit caused by continuous triggering. Therefore, resistor R8 has a relatively large value.

[0096] like Figure 7 As shown, the second-stage triggering unit includes: an infrared light-emitting diode D1, an infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, a phototransistor Q2, resistors R16, R17, and R28, an opto-isolator U2, a resistor R15, a capacitor C4, a resistor R12, and a resistor R13.

[0097] One end of resistor R16 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4, and the other end is connected to capacitor C4 and then grounded; infrared LED D1 is directly opposite the base of transistor Q1;

[0098] The positive terminal of infrared LED D1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R17, and the negative terminal of infrared LED D1 is grounded; the emitter of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R28; the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded; the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of the LED in opto-isolator U2.

[0099] In opto-isolator U2, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with resistor R15 and then between resistor R16 and capacitor C4.

[0100] In opto-isolator U2, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R12 and R11 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit.

[0101] In opto-isolator U2, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R13 and R14 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit.

[0102] Infrared LED D1 and infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 form a phototransistor pair for detecting the position of a projectile. When the projectile passes through the phototransistor pair, infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is blocked from light, and the lower-level trigger circuit generates a trigger signal to turn on either SCR3 or SCR4. When infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is illuminated, the base of transistor Q2 is turned off due to grounding, and the second-level trigger circuit does not generate a trigger signal. When a projectile passes through, infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is blocked from light and turned off. At this time, the base of transistor Q2 is turned on due to being connected to a high potential through pull-up resistor R28. Then, the photodiode inside opto-isolator U2 emits a light signal as a spike single-pulse current flows through it, turning on the opto-thyristor inside opto-isolator U2, thus generating a trigger signal to turn on either SCR3 or SCR4. NPN transistor Q2 controls the photodiode inside opto-isolator U2 to generate an optical signal. It reverses the on / off logic of Q1; infrared receiving photodiode Q1 conducts when light is incident, while transistor Q2 conducts when light is blocked, thus generating a trigger signal when a projectile passes through. Resistor R18 is the pull-up resistor for transistor Q2. When infrared receiving photodiode Q1 is off, it provides the high potential required for the base of transistor Q2 to conduct. Capacitors C3 and C4 are discharge capacitors; each switch closure completes a charging and discharging cycle, ensuring that only one trigger signal is generated per switch operation.

[0103] The gate of SCR1 is connected between resistors R5 and R6, the gate of SCR2 is connected between resistors R4 and R3, the gate of SCR3 is connected between resistors R13 and R14, and the gate of SCR4 is connected between resistors R12 and R11.

[0104] More stages of the launching circuit can be added to increase the projectile velocity. The structure of the nth stage launching circuit is exactly the same as the second stage, and they can be simply stacked. It should be noted that the capacitor and coil inductance parameters of each stage of the launching circuit will be adjusted. Generally speaking, the higher the number of stages, the greater the projectile velocity, requiring a smaller time constant for the energy storage capacitor and coil inductance, that is, both the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor and the coil inductance should be smaller.

[0105] The implementation principle of a high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor in this application embodiment is as follows: Assuming that the single-pole double-throw switch S1 in the control unit is initially thrown to the left, during the first charging, corresponding to the odd-numbered process, the single-pole double-throw switch S1 is thrown to the right. The second DC power supply DC2 discharges through capacitor C6 into the circuit containing the photodiodes inside the opto-isolators U3 and U6 in the charging unit, generating a single-pulse optical signal. The bidirectional thyristors inside the opto-isolators U3 and U6 conduct after receiving the optical signal. At this time, the first output terminal OUT1 outputs a high level, and the second output terminal OUT2 outputs a low level. Consequently, capacitors C1 and C2 in the transmitting unit are charged, and the right side is at a high level. After capacitors C1 and C2 are fully charged, the current in the charging unit approaches zero, and the bidirectional thyristors in the opto-isolators U4 and U5 automatically turn off.

[0106] When a launch is required, switch S2 in the first-stage trigger unit 3 is closed. Capacitor C3 discharges through the current-limiting resistor to the photodiode inside the opto-isolator U1, generating a single-pulse optical signal. The phototransistor inside the opto-isolator U1 receives the optical signal and conducts, triggering the gate of the thyristor SCR1 in the launching unit. After the thyristor SCR1 conducts, capacitor C1 discharges to the coil inductor L1, generating a magnetic field in the coil. The resulting electromagnetic force propels the projectile forward. After capacitor C1 discharges to zero voltage, inductor L1 recharges capacitor C1 in the reverse direction due to stored energy.

[0107] When the projectile moves to the middle position of the coil, the current in the first-stage launching unit circuit drops to near zero, the thyristor SCR1 automatically turns off, and the magnetic field in the coil and the electromagnetic force it generates on the projectile also disappear. The projectile continues to move towards the coil in the second-stage launching unit.

[0108] When the projectile reaches the LED D1 in the second-stage trigger unit, it blocks the light from the diode, turning off the phototransistor Q1. At this time, the pull-up resistor R28 turns on the phototransistor Q2. After Q2 turns on, capacitor C4, through the current-limiting resistor R15, causes the photodiode inside the opto-isolator U2 to generate a single-pulse light signal. The phototransistor U2's bidirectional thyristor is then turned on by the light, which in turn turns on the thyristor SCR3 in the second-stage transmitting unit. The discharge process of capacitor C2 to the coil inductor L2 is the same as the discharge process of the first-stage transmitting unit. After the discharge is complete, capacitor C2 is reverse-charged, and the projectile continues to move forward.

[0109] After the first launch (considered the completion of odd-numbered launches), capacitors C1 and C2 in the launching unit are reverse-charged to a certain voltage, which is close to half of their full charge voltage. In the second launch, switch S1 is thrown to the left, opto-isolators U4 and U5 are turned on, and the left side of capacitors C1 and C2 is at a high level, triggering the conduction of silicon controlled rectifiers SCR2 and SCR4. The operation of even-numbered launches is similar to that of odd-numbered launches, the main difference being that the charging voltage of energy storage capacitors C1 and C2 in launching unit 1 is reversed, but the force and motion of the projectile remain unchanged.

[0110] If the above circuit is to be applied to the drive circuit of equipment such as electromagnetic forming processing, magnetizer, electric hammer, and instantaneous solenoid valve, the control unit, charging unit, first-stage transmitting unit and first-stage triggering unit can be used. Connecting the line nodes between the single-pole double-throw switch S1 and capacitor C5 or C6 and between switch S2 and opto-isolator U1 to the corresponding control signals can better realize digital control functions.

[0111] This invention can be used in drive circuits for electromagnetic forming processes to generate a half-wave current waveform, resulting in higher efficiency of the electromagnetic force applied to the workpiece and less thermal shock to the coil. In the output circuit of a magnetizer, the thin-film capacitors used have a longer lifespan and lower internal resistance than electrolytic capacitors in traditional circuits. Because there is no freewheeling circuit, energy is recovered, resulting in higher energy utilization and less heat generation in the components. In drive circuits for electric hammers or instantaneous solenoid valves, it avoids the power factor reduction caused by direct connection of inductive loads to the power grid and can improve power density.

[0112] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), characterized in that, include: The launching unit, including an energy storage capacitor and a launching coil, is used to generate a magnetic field through electrical energy to accelerate the projectile and store the remaining magnetic energy in the energy storage capacitor; A charging unit is used to charge an energy storage capacitor; the charging unit is based on a full-bridge structure built with an opto-isolator; the charging unit is connected to the transmitting unit; A control unit is used to provide control signals to the charging unit; the control unit is connected to the charging unit. A triggering unit is used to control the activation of the transmitting unit, and the triggering unit is connected to the transmitting unit; The charging unit includes: opto-isolator U3, opto-isolator U4, opto-isolator U5, opto-isolator U6, resistor R22, and resistor R23; The opto-isolator U3 and opto-isolator U5 are connected in series to form branch A, and the opto-isolator U4 and opto-isolator U6 are connected in series to form branch B. Branch A and branch B are connected in parallel. Opto-isolators U3 and U4 are both connected to the first DC power supply DC1, and opto-isolators U5 and U6 are both grounded. Opto-isolators U3, U4, U5, and U6 are all connected to the control unit. The connection between opto-isolators U3 and U5 serves as the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit, and the connection between opto-isolators U4 and U6 serves as the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit. The transmitting unit includes N levels of transmitting units, where N ≥ 1; each level of transmitting unit has the same circuit structure A; the triggering unit corresponds to N levels of triggering units. The transmitting unit includes a first-stage transmitting unit, a second-stage transmitting unit, ..., an Nth-stage transmitting unit; the triggering unit includes a first-stage triggering unit, a second-stage transmitting unit, ..., an Nth-stage triggering unit; the first-stage transmitting unit is connected to the charging unit, and the first-stage triggering unit is connected to the first-stage transmitting unit; the second-stage transmitting unit is connected to the charging unit, and the second-stage triggering unit is connected to the second-stage transmitting unit; ...; the Nth-stage transmitting unit is connected to the charging unit, and the Nth-stage triggering unit is connected to the Nth-stage transmitting unit; The circuit structure A includes: resistors R1, R2, R24, and R25; capacitor C1; inductor L1; and silicon controlled rectifier (SCR1) and silicon controlled rectifier (SCR2). The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the trigger unit, and the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with resistor R24 ​​and then connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the charging unit; the second end of resistor R1 is connected in series with capacitor C1 and inductor L1 and then connected to the first end of resistor R2, and the second end of resistor R2 is connected to the trigger unit; one end of resistor R25 is connected between capacitor C1 and inductor L1, and the other end is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of the charging unit. The positive terminal of SCR1 is connected to the negative terminal of SCR2. The negative terminal of SCR2 is connected to the second end of resistor R2, and the positive terminal of SCR2 is connected to the first end of resistor R1.

2. The high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first DC power supply DC1 is 600V.

3. The high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes: resistor R18, resistor R19, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, resistor R21, resistor R20, and single-pole double-throw switch S1; One end of resistor R21 is connected in series with capacitor C5 and then connected to the first stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to the charging unit. Resistor R18 is connected in parallel across capacitor C5. One end of resistor R20 is connected in series with capacitor C6 and then connected to the second stationary terminal of single-pole double-throw switch S1; the other end of resistor R20 is connected to the charging unit; resistor R19 is connected in parallel across capacitor C6. The moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch S1 is connected to the second DC power supply DC2.

4. The high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second DC power supply DC2 is 12V.

5. The high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage triggering unit includes: opto-isolator U1, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C3, resistor R5, resistor R3, resistor R4 and resistor R6; One end of resistor R8 is connected to the third DC power supply VD3, and the other end is connected to capacitor C3 and then grounded. In opto-isolator U1, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of resistor R7, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with switch S2 and then grounded, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected between resistor R8 and capacitor C3. In opto-isolator U1, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected to the first-stage transmitter unit after being connected in series with resistors R4 and R3. In opto-isolator U1, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R5 and R6 and then connected to the first-stage transmitter unit.

6. The high-efficiency magnetoresistive transmitter circuit controlled by a thyristor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second-stage trigger unit includes: an infrared light-emitting diode D1, an infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, a phototransistor Q2, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R28, an opto-isolator U2, a resistor R15, a capacitor C4, a resistor R12, and a resistor R13. One end of resistor R16 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4, and the other end is connected to capacitor C4 and then grounded; infrared LED D1 is directly opposite the base of transistor Q1. The positive terminal of infrared LED D1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R17, and the negative terminal of infrared LED D1 is grounded; the emitter of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1 is connected to the fourth DC power supply VD4 via resistor R28; the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of infrared receiving phototransistor Q1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded; the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of the LED in opto-isolator U2. In opto-isolator U2, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected in series with resistor R15 and then between resistor R16 and capacitor C4. In opto-isolator U2, one end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R12 and R11 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit. In opto-isolator U2, the other end of the opto-thyristor is connected in series with resistors R13 and R14 and then connected to the second-stage transmitter unit.

Images