Airborne Stealth Ultra-Wideband Miniaturized Antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses an airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna, which includes an antenna radiation main structure, a phase control module, a high-impedance absorbing module and a metal carrier floor; an impedance transformer and a double-layer strong coupling balanced feeding system are added to the traditional tightly coupled dipole antenna structure model, so that the radiation unit can be expanded to the ultra-wideband radiation working band, and a double-layer wide bandwidth angle FSS scanning matching layer is loaded, which can stabilize the impedance bandwidth and optimize the antenna scanning angle to ±45°. At the same time, a high-impedance absorbing metasurface and a phase control metasurface are loaded to further optimize the stealth performance of the antenna. The present invention has a low structural profile, has the advantages of small size and light weight, can be well conformed to the carrier, and can be applied to high-impact and high-vibration intensity platforms, such as airborne and satellite-borne platforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-wideband tightly coupled stealth antennas, and in particular is an airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna. Background Art

[0002] Antennas are important components for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and are an important part of radio equipment and systems. Many modern wireless systems such as communications and radar systems require antennas to work effectively within a wide frequency band. The main electrical parameters of antennas, such as impedance, gain, radiation pattern, axial ratio, etc., are all limited by their own bandwidths. The bandwidth of an antenna should be defined by the narrowest bandwidth among them, that is, the main performance indicators of the antenna can meet the specified requirements within this bandwidth.

[0003] In the military field, antenna systems require not only stable radiation performance, but also certain low scattering performance. In the modern electronic warfare environment, how to reduce the probability of detection radar and other electronic systems being discovered in order to improve survivability in war is also a top priority. Therefore, how to balance the radiation performance and scattering performance of the antenna has become a hot topic in the field of electronic countermeasures and has received widespread attention from the defense and military industries of various countries. The stealth frequency band of the designed low-scattering array system reaches 15 octaves, and the RCS reduction effect is greater than 10dB within 1-13GHz, and the RCS reduction effect is greater than 5dB within 1-15GHz. This stealth bandwidth is rare in the research of antenna stealth systems at home and abroad, and is very suitable for realizing anti-reconnaissance capabilities on the battlefield. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna with simple structure, convenient processing and excellent performance, which can be mass-produced using printed circuit technology.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present invention is: an airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna, including an antenna radiation main structure, a phase control module, a high impedance absorbing module, and a metal carrier floor, wherein:

[0006] The antenna radiation main structure adds a multi-branch impedance transformer, a double-layer strongly coupled balanced feeding system and stepped slot matching structures of different sizes on a tightly coupled dipole structure, so that the feeding system and the impedance matching system of the radiating unit tend to work stably at a bandwidth of 6:1 when the radiating unit is working; the antenna radiation main structure is vertically embedded between the phase control module and the high-impedance absorbing module, and the phase control module mainly comprises a 45° zigzag metal strip loaded on the dielectric plate and divided arrows, which are centrally symmetrically distributed and are used to enhance the polarization sensitivity of the antenna system; the high-impedance absorbing module consists of two parts, one of which is a "M"-shaped resistive absorbing coating patch of the first layer, which is used to broaden the absorbing working frequency band, and the second layer is a rectangular resistive absorbing coating patch, which is located below the first layer.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) In the traditional coaxial feeding structure, the present invention loads multi-branch impedance matching, a double-layer strong coupling balanced feeding system and a stepped slot matching structure, which can stably set the antenna feeding and impedance matching to the antenna working frequency band; (2) By loading a phase control module and a high impedance absorbing module, the scattering intensity of the antenna structure itself can be effectively reduced to achieve a good electromagnetic stealth effect; (3) The height is extremely low, and the profile height is 0.12 times the height of the antenna of the same type with the same working frequency band. And the size is only 0.64 times the size of the antenna of the same type with the same working frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0009] Figure 1 It is an overall structural diagram of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 2 It is the main structure diagram of antenna radiation of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 3 It is a phase control module diagram of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the first layer of high impedance absorbing modules of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the second-layer high-impedance absorbing module of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 6 It is a unit active standing wave ratio curve of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 7It is a unit gain and efficiency curve diagram of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 8 It is a graph of active standing wave ratio of 20 feeding ports when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention forms a 6×5×4 array.

[0017] Fig. 9 It is the directional diagram of each frequency point when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention forms a 6×5×4 array.

[0018] Fig.10 It is a single-station RCS reduction curve diagram when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention forms a 6×5×4 array.

[0019] Fig.11 It is a dual-station RCS reduction curve diagram when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention forms a 6×5×4 array.

[0020] Fig.12 This is a physical picture of the processing prototype of the 6×5×4 array composed of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention proposes an airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna, comprising an antenna radiation main structure 1, a phase control module 2, a high impedance absorbing module 3, and a metal carrier floor 4, wherein:

[0022] The antenna radiation main structure 1 adds a multi-branch impedance transformer 7, a double-layer strongly coupled balanced feeding system 8 and stepped groove matching structures 9 of different sizes on the tightly coupled dipole structure, and loads a strip vertical wide-angle matching layer 6, wherein the strip vertical wide-angle matching layer 6, the multi-branch impedance transformer 7, and the stepped groove matching structure 9 are located in the middle layer of the structure, and the double-layer strongly coupled balanced feeding system 8 is located in the outer layer of the structure, so that the feeding system and the impedance matching system of the radiating unit tend to work stably at a bandwidth of 6:1 when the radiating unit is working.

[0023] The main antenna radiation structure 1 is vertically embedded between the phase control module 2 and the high impedance absorbing module 3. The main components of the phase control module 2 are a 45° zigzag metal strip loaded on the dielectric plate and a divided arrow 13, which are centrally symmetrically distributed and used to enhance the polarization sensitivity of the antenna system; the high impedance absorbing module 3 consists of two parts, one of which is a first-layer "M"-shaped resistive absorbing coating patch 14, which is used to broaden the absorbing working frequency band, and the second layer is a rectangular resistive absorbing coating patch 15, which is located below the first layer. The dark parts of the two are absorbing coatings, which are used to enhance the absorption rate.

[0024] In order to meet the stealth requirement, the present invention loads arrows 13 and "M"-shaped resistive absorbing coating patches 14 and rectangular resistive absorbing coating patches 15 placed in a 45° zigzag manner above the dielectric plate.

[0025] The antenna radiation main structure 1 is made of a double-layer Rogers RT / duroid 5880, a microwave substrate 11 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, and an embedded FR-28 type glue 12 with a dielectric constant of 2.8.

[0026] The material of the phase control module 2 is FR-4_epoxy, and the dielectric constant is 4.4.

[0027] The material of the high impedance absorbing module 3 is Rogers RT / duroid 5880, and the dielectric constant is 2.2.

[0028] The metal carrier floor 4 and the metal circular through-holes 10 are made of copper.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 The present invention is a 1GHz~6GHz stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna, which mainly includes four parts, such as Figure 1 As shown, they are the main antenna radiation structure 1, the phase control module 2, the high impedance absorbing module 3, and the metal carrier floor 4. The overall height of the antenna is 18mm (0.06λ L ,λ L The overall length and width of the antenna is 16mm (0.054λ L ,λ L 1 GHz corresponds to the wavelength of air).

[0031] The resistance value of the first layer of high impedance absorbing modules is 200Ω, and the resistance value of the second layer of high impedance absorbing modules is 100Ω.

[0032] An impedance transformer 7 and a double-layer strongly coupled balanced feeding system 8 are added to the traditional tightly coupled dipole antenna structure model, so that the radiating unit can be expanded to an ultra-wideband radiation operating band. A double-layer wide bandwidth angle FSS scanning matching layer 6 is loaded to stabilize the impedance bandwidth and optimize the scanning angle of the antenna to ±45°. At the same time, a high-impedance absorbing metasurface 3 and a phase-controlled metasurface 2 are loaded to further optimize the stealth performance of the antenna.

[0033] The antenna radiation performance of the present invention works in the 1-6GHz frequency band, the active standing wave of each port is below 2.1, the radiation efficiency is greater than 50%, and the antenna stealth performance works in the 1-15GHz frequency band, and its single-station RCS and its dual-station RCS are reduced by more than 5dB under the ±30° polarization of HH / VV. The present invention has a low structural profile, small size and light weight, can be well conformed to the carrier, and can be applied to high-impact and high-vibration intensity platforms, such as airborne and satellite-borne platforms.

[0034] Example

[0035] Combination Figures 1 to 5 The stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna of the present invention has an antenna radiation operating frequency of 1GHz to 6GHz and an antenna low scattering operating frequency of 1-15GHz. It is mainly composed of four parts: an antenna radiation main structure 1, a phase control module 2, a high impedance absorbing module 3 and a metal floor 4. The material used for the antenna radiation main structure 1 is a Rogers RT / duroid 5880 microwave substrate with a thickness of 0.254mm. Multi-branch impedance matching 7, double-layer strong coupling balanced feeding 8, stepped slot structure 9, double-layer FSS wide-angle matching 6 are added to the traditional tightly coupled dipole, and double-layer differential symmetrical distribution is performed. The dielectric plate 11 and the embedded FR-28 type glue 12 form the basic antenna plate body, forming a differential equivalent circuit. From top to bottom, the first parallel plate is the phase control module 2, which is copper-clad on the FR-4_epoxy material, and the copper-clad shape is a zigzag arrow form 13; the second parallel plate is the "M"-shaped absorbing module, which is coated with high-resistance coating on the Rogers RT / duroid 5880 material, and the resistance value is 200Ω; the third parallel plate is a rectangular absorbing module, which is coated with high-resistance coating on the Rogers RT / duroid 5880 material, and the resistance value is 100Ω; the fourth parallel plate is a metal carrier floor, and the material is copper.

[0036] Figure 6 This is the active standing wave result diagram of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna unit of the present invention when it is working. The antenna working frequency range is 1GHz to 6GHz, and the active standing wave ratio is less than 2.1.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the gain and radiation efficiency of the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna unit of the present invention when it is working. The antenna works in a frequency range of 1 GHz to 6 GHz, and the radiation efficiency is greater than 50%.

[0038] Figure 8 This is the active standing wave result of 20 feeding ports when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna unit of the present invention forms a 6×5×4 array. Within the antenna operating frequency range of 1GHz to 6GHz, the active standing wave ratio of the 20 ports is less than 2.3.

[0039] Fig. 9 This is the directional diagram result of 1 GHz-6 GHz with a step size of 1 GHz when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna units of the present invention form a 6×5×4 array.

[0040] Fig.10 When the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna units of the present invention form a 6×5×4 array, the normal single-station RCS result is compared with the metal carrier floor of the same caliber, and the effect is a reduction of more than 5dB in the frequency band of 1-15GHz.

[0041] Fig.11 When the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna units of the present invention form a 6×5×4 array, the dual-station RCS result is compared with the metal carrier floor of the same caliber, and the effect is a reduction of more than 5dB when phi=0° and theta=0°-60° in the frequency band of 1-15GHz.

[0042] Fig.12 This is a physical picture of the overall processing prototype when the stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna units of the present invention form a 6×5×4 array.

[0043] In summary, the present invention proposes a stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna with a radiation bandwidth of 1GHz to 6GHz and a stealth bandwidth of 1-15GHz. The antenna radiation main structure, phase control module, high impedance absorbing module and metal carrier floor have simple structures, light weight, small size and low profile, and are suitable for mass production using printed circuit technology; the antenna system radiation and scattering balance characteristics can be achieved.

[0044] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An airborne stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna, characterized in that: It comprises an antenna radiation main structure (1), a phase control module (2), a high impedance absorbing module (3), and a metal carrier floor (4), wherein: The antenna radiation main structure (1) adds a multi-branch impedance transformer (7), a double-layer strong coupling balanced feeding system (8) and stepped slot matching structures (9) of different sizes to the tightly coupled dipole structure, so that the feeding system and the impedance matching system of the radiation unit tend to work stably at a bandwidth of 6:1 when the radiation unit is working; the antenna radiation main structure (1) is vertically embedded between the phase control module (2) and the high impedance absorbing module (3); the phase control module (2) mainly comprises a 45° zigzag metal strip loaded on the dielectric plate and arrows (13) arranged separately, which are centrally symmetrically distributed and are used to enhance the polarization sensitivity of the antenna system; the high impedance absorbing module (3) consists of two parts, one of which is a first layer of "M"-shaped resistive absorbing coating patch (14) for widening the absorbing working frequency band, and the second layer is a rectangular resistive absorbing coating patch (15) located below the first layer.

2. The stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna radiation main structure (1) plate is made of double-layer Rogers RT / duroid 5880, a microwave substrate (11) with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and embedded FR-28 type glue (12) with a dielectric constant of 2.

8.

3. The stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the phase control module (2) is FR-4_epoxy, and the dielectric constant is 4.

4.

4. The stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the high impedance absorbing module (3) is Rogers RT / duroid 5880, and the dielectric constant is 2.

2.

5. The stealth ultra-wideband miniaturized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal carrier floor (4) is copper.

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