A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful plants on tropical coral reef islands. Using the native herbaceous plant Eragrostis atrovirens (also known as Chloris barbata), first mix red soil, coconut coir, organic fertilizer, superphosphate, coral sand, water-retaining agent, etc. in a certain proportion. Plant the grass stems of Eragrostis atrovirens on the sandy soil mixed with red soil, coconut coir, and organic fertilizer at appropriate intervals, cover with coral sand, cover with a sunshade net, and water to keep the sandy soil moist. After a period of time, the Eragrostis atrovirens grows new roots, remove the sunshade net, and continue to water and maintain until the Eragrostis atrovirens forms a turf, so as to achieve the purpose of replacing and controlling harmful weeds. This method of using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful weeds on coral sand reef islands has a high success rate, is easy to operate, saves the later maintenance cost, and is easy to promote and apply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of weed control, and more particularly to a method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants. Background Art

[0002] Each island reef in the South China Sea of our country is composed of broken sand formed by coral and shell debris. The naturally formed islands are rich in calcium and phosphorus. The soil of the island reefs is mainly coral sand, which is barren, has poor water retention, lacks real soil and fertility. Coupled with strong sea winds, high pH value of coral sand soil (pH 8.7 - pH 10), high salt mist in the air, strong light radiation, strong evaporation, long dry season and extreme drought on the island reefs. Under such habitat conditions, only plant species that are resistant to high temperature, salinity, salt mist and drought are suitable for settlement and growth.

[0003] Due to human, transportation, greening seedlings, imported soil and other transmission factors, weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia hypericifolia, etc. have been introduced into the South China Sea island reefs, resulting in the growth of weeds such as Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hypericifolia, Chromolaena odorata, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, etc. in the lawns laid with Zoysia tenuifolia, Cynodon dactylon and other species, as well as the open spaces and bare lands in sparse vegetation. These weed plants spread rapidly and have tenacious vitality, seizing the ecological niches of the original vegetation or artificial vegetation. For example, the lawns constructed by species such as Zoysia tenuifolia and Cynodon dactylon are prone to degradation itself, resulting in the rapid invasion of Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hypericifolia, seriously affecting the lawn landscape. Once these weeds settle, a large amount of manpower needs to be invested in pulling them out or using selective chemical herbicides for control. When using chemical herbicides for control, due to the limited area and special environment of the island reefs, the use of herbicides is likely to pollute the environment, especially the pollution of water sources, and it is also difficult to achieve the expected effect. Therefore, it is necessary to start from finding suitable species and improving the site conditions of coral sand, that is, water and fertilizer retention, break through the matrix formula for water and fertilizer retention, and integrate an eco-friendly control method that is economical, easy to operate, does not pollute the environment and can effectively control weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia hypericifolia.

[0004] Through field investigations and observations, it is found that where Thuarea involuta (also known as Chloris barbata) grows, there are few weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, and Euphorbia hypericifolia growing. Moreover, Thuarea involuta has the characteristics of salt tolerance, alkali tolerance, drought tolerance, and barren tolerance. Through experiments, it is found that Thuarea involuta grows rapidly and can form a dense lawn layer on coral sand in a short time. Even if there are Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, and Euphorbia hypericifolia growing beside it, it can effectively prevent the seeds of Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, and Euphorbia hypericifolia from germinating and growing on the lawn, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the growth of Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hypericifolia, etc. At the same time, Thuarea involuta has adventitious roots on its stem nodes, good creeping property, strong resistance, few pests and diseases, and the established lawn has good flatness and the advantages of less maintenance such as not needing to fertilize and prune for a long time. At the same time, because coral sand does not retain water and fertilizer and is prone to drought and water shortage, especially in the dry season, it seriously affects the growth of plants. Therefore, how to effectively use Thuarea involuta to control harmful plants on coral sand islands is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method that is simple to operate, low in cost, pollution-free to the environment, and can effectively control harmful plants such as Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, and Euphorbia hypericifolia on coral sand reefs.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral islands with native herbaceous plants, characterized by including the following steps:

[0008] (1) First, loosen the coral sand plot to be treated, remove sundries such as stones and then rake it flat, and then plant a circle of shelter forests around the plot;

[0009] (2) Loosen the red soil and water it 4 - 5 times at intervals of 3 days to moisten the soil, cover it with a plastic film to keep warm and moisturize, uncover the film after the weed seeds germinate and spray a non-selective herbicide for control. After the treated soil is left for 7 days, it is ready for use;

[0010] (3) Mix the red soil treated in step (2) with coconut coir, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and coral sand to obtain a lawn substrate, which is ready for use;

[0011] (4) Dig shallow trenches in the plot treated in step (1). First, spread a layer of the mixture of the red soil treated in step (2), coconut coir, and rice husks in the shallow trenches, then evenly sprinkle water - retaining agent, and then spread the lawn substrate prepared in (3) into the shallow trenches;

[0012] (5) Harvest the grass stems. Uproot the Ammophila arenaria and cut the grass stems close to the ground. Gather them into bundles. The diameter of each bundle of Ammophila arenaria is about 10 - 12 cm. Cut the long Ammophila arenaria into segments with 3 - 4 nodes and a length of 10 - 15 cm. Place them in a shaded area for later use and plant the grass stems within half a day.

[0013] (6) Put 1 - 3 grass stems with 3 - 4 nodes of Ammophila arenaria into the shallow trenches. Lean the grass stems against the inner edge of the shallow trenches with a plant spacing of 10 - 12 cm. Cover with fine coral sand soil, and then spray the soil with hymexazol solution once. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid.

[0014] (7) Use a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 50 - 70% to cover the lawn and press the four sides of the sunshade net tightly.

[0015] (8) After 10 days, repeat spraying the soil with hymexazol solution once. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid.

[0016] (9) From the 1st to the 10th day after planting Ammophila arenaria, water 2 times a day with a watering amount of 5 - 6 kg / ㎡ each time. From the 11th to the 30th day, water 1 time a day with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. On the 31st day, remove the sunshade net and water once every 2 days with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. Water and maintain the lawn to keep it moist until the Ammophila arenaria covers the sandy land. Do not water on rainy days.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the loosening depth is 15 - 25 cm; the shelter forest consists of two rows of Casuarina equisetifolia and one row of Acacia auriculiformis. The plant spacing of Casuarina equisetifolia is 2 - 3 m, the plant spacing of Acacia auriculiformis is 2 - 2.5 m, and the row spacing between Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis is 3 m.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the non-selective herbicide is 20% glufosinate-ammonium, diluted 200 times and sprayed with a spraying amount of 25 - 30 g / ㎡.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate with available phosphorus ≥ 12%. The mass ratio of the laterite, coconut coir, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and coral sand is 20:10:10:10:50.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the width of the shallow trench is 15 - 20 cm, the depth is 10 - 15 cm, and the trench spacing is 15 - 20 cm; the mass ratio of laterite, coconut coir, and rice husk is 5:4:1, with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm; the water-retaining agent is a highly water-absorbent resin with a spreading amount of 100 - 150 g / m; the thickness of the lawn substrate is 4 - 6 cm.

[0021] Preferably, in step (6), the fine coral sand soil is the soil sifted through an 8-mesh sieve of coral sand soil, with a covering thickness of 2 - 4 cm.

[0022] Preferably, the hymexazol solution in steps (6) and (8) is an 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution, and the spraying amount is 15 - 20 g / ㎡.

[0023] Preferably, the rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid described in steps (6) and (8) contains effective components of humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, N ≥ 120 g / L, P2O5 ≥ 30 g / L, K2O ≥ 60 g / L, and is watered with a 500-fold solution, and the watering amount is 4 - 5 L / ㎡.

[0024] Preferably, before the sand beach grass has not grown to fully cover the plot to be treated, it is necessary to manually remove weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, and Euphorbia hypericifolia.

[0025] Preferably, after the sand beach grass is planted, fertilization and pest control are carried out. Among them, 30 days after planting, an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% of N-P2O5-K2O of 15-15-15 is applied in combination with watering. After watering the fertilizer solution, a clear water is sprayed once. Then, 30 - 50 g / ㎡ of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 15-15-15 is topdressed after half a year or when the leaves of the sand beach grass turn yellow; for the damage of Spodoptera litura larvae, Tortricidae larvae, and locusts, when the pest density reaches 5 - 6 heads / ㎡, 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is diluted with water 500 times for control, and the spraying amount is 20 g / ㎡.

[0026] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful plants on coral reefs. This method for using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful weeds on coral reefs has a high success rate, is easy to operate, saves the later maintenance cost, and is easy to promote and apply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0028] Figure 1 is the harvested sand beach grass;

[0029] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the position of the sand beach grass in the shallow ditch;

[0030] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the part of the sand beach grass covered by fine coral sand;

[0031] Figure 4 is the picture of the established sand beach grass lawn. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] (1) First, loosen the coral sand plot to be treated to a depth of 10 - 15 cm, pick up large stones and other sundries, rake it flat, and then plant a circle of shelter forests around the plot. The shelter forest consists of two rows of Casuarina equisetifolia and one row of Acacia auriculiformis. The plant spacing of Casuarina equisetifolia is 2 - 3 m, the plant spacing of Acacia auriculiformis is 2 - 2.5 m, and the row spacing between Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis is 3 m; the height of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings is about 80 cm, and the height of Acacia auriculiformis seedlings is 80 cm.

[0035] (2) Loosen the red soil to be used and water it 4 - 5 times at intervals of 3 days to moisten the soil, cover it with a plastic film to keep warm and moisturize until the weed seeds in the "seed bank" germinate, then uncover the film, and use the non-selective herbicide 20% glufosinate-ammonium diluted 200 times for spraying and control, 25 - 30 g / ㎡. After treatment, the soil is left for 7 days before use.

[0036] (3) Mix the red soil treated in step (2) with coconut coir, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and coral sand in a mass ratio of 20:10:10:10:50 to obtain a lawn substrate for use. The available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is ≥12%.

[0037] (4) Dig shallow trenches in the plot treated in step (1). The trench width is 15 - 20 cm, the trench depth is 10 - 15 cm, and the trench spacing is 15 cm. First, spread a layer of the mixture of the red soil treated in step (2) and coconut coir and rice husk with a mass ratio of 5:4:1 in the shallow trench, with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm. Then evenly sprinkle a high water-absorbing resin water retainer (3005KM type AQUASORB water retainer produced by SNF Floerger) with a dosage of 100 - 150 g / m. Then spread the lawn substrate prepared in (3) into the shallow trench with a thickness of 4 - 6 cm.

[0038] (5) Harvest the grass stems. Uproot the Sporobolus virginicus and cut the grass stems with a sickle close to the ground, collect them into bundles, each bundle has a diameter of about 10 - 12 cm. Cut the long Sporobolus virginicus into Sporobolus virginicus segments with 3 - 4 nodes and a length of 10 - 15 cm. As shown in the attachment, place them in a cool place for use and plant the grass stems within half a day. Figure 1 shown, and place them in a cool place for use and plant the grass stems within half a day.

[0039] (6) Put 1 - 3 grass stems with 3 - 4 joints into the shallow ditch. The grass stems lean against the inner edge of the shallow ditch, with a plant spacing of 10 - 12 cm. Cover with fine coral sand soil that has passed through an 8 - mesh sieve (particle size about 2.36 mm), with a thickness of 2 - 4 cm. Then spray the soil once with a 800 - fold solution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution, with a spraying amount of 15 - 20 g / ㎡. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a humic acid rooting plant nutrient solution with an effective component of humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, N ≥ 120 g / L, P2O5 ≥ 30 g / L, and K2O ≥ 60 g / L, in a 500 - fold solution, with an irrigation amount of 4 - 5 L / ㎡, as shown in the appendix Figures 2-3 as shown;

[0040] (7) Cover the lawn with a 4 - needle black sunshade net (shading rate about 60%). Press the four - week of the sunshade net with stones or sandy soil to prevent it from being blown away by the wind;

[0041] (8) After 10 days, repeat spraying the soil once with a 800 - fold solution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution, with a spraying amount of 15 - 20 g / ㎡. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a humic acid rooting plant nutrient solution with an effective component of humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, N ≥ 120 g / L, P2O5 ≥ 30 g / L, and K2O ≥ 60 g / L, in a 500 - fold solution, with an irrigation amount of 4 - 5 L / ㎡;

[0042] (9) For the first 1 - 10 days after the seashore paspalum is planted, water it 2 times a day, with a watering amount of 5 - 6 kg / ㎡ each time. From the 11th to the 30th day, water it 1 time a day, with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. On the 31st day, remove the sunshade net, and water it 1 time every 2 days, with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. Water and maintain the lawn moist until the seashore paspalum covers the sandy land, as shown in the appendix Figure 4 as shown, do not water in rainy days;

[0043] (10) Remove weeds. Before the target plant, seashore paspalum, has not grown to fully cover the sandy soil, manually pull out weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia hypericifolia, etc.;

[0044] (11) Apply fertilizer. 30 days after the seashore paspalum is planted, apply fertilizer in combination with watering. Use an aqueous solution of N - P2O5 - K2O with a mass concentration of 0.3% and a ratio of 15 - 15 - 15. After pouring the fertilizer water, spray a clear water once to prevent burning the seedlings. After that, apply a compound fertilizer of N - P2O5 - K2O with a ratio of 15 - 15 - 15, 30 - 50 g / ㎡, half a year later or when the leaves of the seashore paspalum turn yellow;

[0045] (12) Pest and disease control. There are almost no pest and disease hazards. If pests such as Spodoptera litura larvae, Tortricidae larvae, locusts, etc. are found, when the number of pests reaches 5 - 6 per ㎡, spray for control. Select 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate diluted 500 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 20 g / ㎡.

[0046] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, reference can be made to the description in the method section.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs with native herbaceous plants, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) First, loosen the coral sand plot to be processed, remove stones and debris, then rake it flat, and then plant a circle of shelter forests around the plot; (2) Loosen the red soil and water it 4 - 5 times at intervals of 3 days each time to moisten the soil. Cover it with a plastic film to keep warm and moist. After the weed seeds germinate, uncover the film and spray a non-selective herbicide for control. After the treated soil is left for 7 days, it is ready for use; (3) Mix the red soil treated in step (2) with coconut coir, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and coral sand to obtain a lawn substrate, which is ready for use; (4) Dig shallow trenches in the plot treated in step (1). First, sprinkle a layer of the mixture of the red soil treated in step (2), coconut coir, and rice husks in the shallow trenches, then evenly sprinkle a water-retaining agent, and then sprinkle the lawn substrate prepared in (3) into the shallow trenches; (5) Harvest the grass stems. Uproot the sand beach grass and cut the sand beach grass stems close to the ground. Collect them in bundles. The diameter of each bundle of sand beach grass is 10 - 12 cm. Cut the long sand beach grass into sand beach grass segments with 3 - 4 nodes and a length of 10 - 15 cm, place them in a shady place for later use, and plant the grass stems within half a day; (6) Put 1 - 3 grass stems with 3 - 4 nodes of sand beach grass into the shallow trenches. The grass stems lean against the inner edge of the shallow trenches with a plant spacing of 10 - 12 cm. Cover with fine coral sand sandy soil, then spray the soil with hymexazol solution once. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid; (7) Cover the lawn with a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 50 - 70%, and press the four sides of the sunshade net tightly; (8) After 10 days, repeat spraying the soil with hymexazol solution once. After spraying the hymexazol solution, irrigate with a rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid; (9) From the 1st to the 10th day after the sand beach grass is planted, water it 2 times a day with a watering amount of 5 - 6 kg / ㎡ each time. From the 11th to the 30th day, water it 1 time a day with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. On the 31st day, remove the sunshade net, and water it 1 time every 2 days with a watering amount of 4 - 5 kg / ㎡. Water and maintain the lawn to keep it moist until the sand beach grass covers the sandy land. Do not water in rainy days.

2. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the loosening depth is 15 - 25 cm; the shelter forest consists of two rows of Casuarina equisetifolia and one row of Acacia auriculiformis. The plant spacing of Casuarina equisetifolia is 2 - 3 m, the plant spacing of Acacia auriculiformis is 2 - 2.5 m, and the row spacing between Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis is 3 m.

3. A method for using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful plants on tropical coral reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the non-selective herbicide is 20% glufosinate-ammonium, diluted 200 times and sprayed with a spraying amount of 25 - 30 g / ㎡.

4. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate with available phosphorus ≥ 12%. The mass ratio of the red soil, coconut coir, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and coral sand is 20:10:10:10:

50.

5. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the width of the shallow trench is 15 - 20 cm, the depth is 10 - 15 cm, and the trench spacing is 15 - 20 cm; the mass ratio of the red soil, coconut coir, and rice husks is 5:4:1, with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm; the water-retaining agent is a superabsorbent resin, and the amount sprinkled is 100 - 150 g / m; the thickness of the lawn substrate is 4 - 6 cm.

6. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the fine coral sand sandy soil is the soil sifted through an 8-mesh sieve of coral sand sandy soil, with a covering thickness of 2 - 4 cm.

7. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hymexazol solution described in steps (6) and (8) is a 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution, and the spraying amount is 15 - 20 g / ㎡.

8. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rooting-type plant nutrient solution containing humic acid described in steps (6) and (8) contains effective components: humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, N ≥ 120 g / L, P2O5 ≥ 30 g / L, K2O ≥ 60 g / L. It is irrigated with a 500-fold solution, and the irrigation amount is 4 - 5 L / ㎡.

9. A method for replacing and controlling harmful plants on tropical coral reefs by using native herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the sand beach grass has grown to fully cover the plot to be treated, it is necessary to manually remove weeds such as Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, and Euphorbia hypericifolia.

10. A method for using native herbaceous plants to replace and control harmful plants on tropical coral reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the sand beach grass is planted, fertilization and pest control are carried out. Among them, 30 days after planting, an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% and N-P2O5-K2O of 15-15-15 is applied in combination with watering. After watering the fertilizer solution, a clear water is sprayed once. Then, 30 - 50 g / ㎡ of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 15-15-15 is topdressed half a year later or when the leaves of the sand beach grass turn yellow; for the damage of Spodoptera litura larvae, Tortricidae larvae, and locusts, when the pest density reaches 5 - 6 heads / ㎡, 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate diluted 500 times is sprayed for control, and the spraying amount is 20 g / ㎡.

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