Organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device and use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device for magnetizing and pyrolyzing organic waste, and its use method. The device is used in a magnetizing and pyrolyzing organic waste process using perovskite as a catalyst. The device comprises a crushing reaction chamber integrating a crushing zone and a reaction zone. The crushing reaction chamber is equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing the waste and a heating mechanism for heating the waste. By integrating the crushing and reaction zones into one, the present invention significantly saves processing space and costs. The device enables the on-site degradation of domestic waste without leaving the village, effectively achieving daily waste clearance in rural areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garbage processing equipment, and in particular to an organic garbage magnetization pyrolysis device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, bottlenecks and problems in rural domestic waste management are primarily due to incomplete infrastructure and high investment costs. Although a three-tiered treatment model of "village collection, township transfer, and county treatment" has been established, the existing waste collection and treatment model faces economic challenges, including long transportation distances, large land requirements for treatment, high collection and transportation costs, and high infrastructure construction costs, due to the vast rural area and dispersed waste distribution. From a social and environmental perspective, the indiscriminate dumping and accumulation of domestic waste, combined with its inability to promptly remove it, can easily lead to secondary pollution of the surrounding environment, including water, soil, and air, breeding mosquitoes and flies, creating foul odors, and seriously impacting the rural living environment while also posing a health risk to villagers. From a treatment technology perspective, despite the construction of a 5t / d waste incineration facility, it is unable to operate normally due to the low transportation and collection costs and the low volume of waste generated. Landfilling occupies a significant amount of land resources and incurs high costs for leakage prevention and leachate treatment. Since the government still supports landfill treatment after volume reduction, direct landfilling of domestic waste is no longer suitable for my country's current social development.

[0003] The use of electromagnetic field technology to degrade organic waste can, to some extent, alleviate bottlenecks and challenges in rural domestic waste disposal. However, while this technology lowers the degradation temperature, existing equipment for this purpose typically separates the crushing and reaction zones, resulting in a large footprint and complex design. Further simplifying the equipment structure and reducing its footprint has become a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device and a method of use to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so that the crushing zone and the reaction zone are combined into one, thereby greatly saving processing space and costs.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] An organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device is used in the magnetization pyrolysis process of organic waste using perovskite as a catalyst, comprising a crushing reaction chamber integrating a crushing zone and a reaction zone, wherein a crushing mechanism for crushing the waste and a heating mechanism for heating the waste are provided in the crushing reaction chamber.

[0007] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes a stirring shaft that traverses the crushing reaction chamber and blades evenly arranged on the periphery of the stirring shaft, the stirring shaft and the blades are provided with interconnected exhaust gas circulation channels, and the blades are provided with vents connected to the outside world.

[0008] Preferably, a tail gas outlet is provided on the top of the crushing reaction chamber, and the tail gas outlet is connected to a tail gas purification system for purifying tail gas through a pipeline, and the tail gas purification system is connected to a negative pressure fan for extracting tail gas from the crushing reaction chamber.

[0009] Preferably, an exhaust gas recycling mechanism is provided on the pipeline between the exhaust gas outlet and the exhaust gas purification system, and the exhaust gas recycling mechanism is communicated with the exhaust gas flow channel of the stirring shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the heating mechanism comprises an electromagnetic induction heating component, and the electromagnetic induction heating component forms a high-frequency magnetic field with a neodymium magnet through an alternating voltage.

[0011] Preferably, an infrared temperature measuring device and a laser rangefinder are also provided in the upper part of the crushing reaction chamber.

[0012] A method for using the organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:

[0013] 1) Start the negative pressure fan and the tail gas recycling mechanism to maintain the system in a micro-aerobic state, open the feed port of the crushing reaction chamber, pour the collected mixed domestic waste into the crushing reaction chamber in batches until it is 20-30 cm above the crushing mechanism, and mix the mixed domestic waste with the perovskite catalyst;

[0014] 2) Close the feed port and start the crushing device for 3-7 minutes;

[0015] 3) Turn off the crushing mechanism and start the electromagnetic induction heating component to make the organic waste self-heated through electromagnetic radiation;

[0016] 4) Using an infrared temperature measuring device to detect the reaction temperature, when it reaches a certain temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned off, and when it is lower than the temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned on;

[0017] 5) Maintain heating reaction for 20-24 hours;

[0018] 6) Turn off the negative pressure fan, exhaust gas recycling mechanism and electromagnetic induction heating component, open the feed port to load the material, and repeat the above steps.

[0019] Preferably, the reaction temperature is 200-250°C.

[0020] Preferably, the added amount of the perovskite catalyst is 1 to 5% of the mass of the organic waste.

[0021] Preferably, the oxygen concentration in the microaerobic state is 0.01-0.1 ml / L.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0023] By combining the crushing zone and the reaction zone into one, the processing space and cost can be greatly saved. The device can be used to achieve on-site degradation of domestic waste without leaving the village, effectively realizing the daily collection and disposal of rural waste. At the same time, the device can also carry out targeted decomposition of organic components in mixed domestic waste, and inorganic components do not participate in the reaction, which also provides a new path for the classification of rural domestic waste.

[0024] Other technical solutions disclosed in the present invention also have the following technical advantages:

[0025] Existing technologies typically separate the crushing zone and the reaction zone. This is because the degradation reaction requires high temperatures, and other components susceptible to high temperatures, such as the crushing mechanism, cannot be placed in the reaction zone to prevent the high temperature from affecting the performance and lifespan of parts such as the crushing mechanism's shaft and blades. However, this invention uses perovskite as a degradation catalyst, allowing organic waste to be decomposed and mineralized at temperatures below 250°C. This significantly reduces the required reaction temperature and lowers the requirements for high-temperature and corrosion resistance of equipment components within the reaction chamber, thereby combining the crushing and reaction zones into one.

[0026] By using perovskite as a catalyst, the activation energy of organic waste can be reduced when mixed with it, thereby lowering the degradation temperature and time of the organic waste, thereby preventing the formation of dioxins. Experimental results show that the perovskite catalyst provided by the present invention can completely degrade organic waste within 24 hours when used in electromagnetic degradation at 200-250°C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the front and rear panels;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle crushing mechanism;

[0031] Among them, 1. Feed inlet; 2. Crushing reaction chamber; 3. Crushing mechanism; 31. Stirring shaft; 32. Blade; 33. Vent; 4. Heating mechanism; 5. Infrared temperature measuring device; 6. Laser rangefinder; 7. Ash outlet; 8. Ash vibration system; 9. Exhaust gas purification system; 10. Negative pressure fan; 11. Exhaust gas recycling mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device and a method of use, which combines the crushing zone and the reaction zone into one, greatly saving processing space and cost. The device can be used to achieve on-site degradation of domestic waste without leaving the village, effectively realizing the daily clearance of rural garbage.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides an organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device, which is used in the organic waste magnetization pyrolysis process using perovskite as a catalyst, including a crushing reaction chamber 2 integrating a crushing zone and a reaction zone, and a crushing mechanism 3 for crushing the waste and a heating mechanism 4 for heating the waste are provided in the crushing reaction chamber 2.

[0037] Among them, the crushing mechanism 3 includes a stirring shaft 31 that runs across the crushing reaction chamber 2. The two ends of the stirring shaft 31 are rotatably mounted on the side walls at both ends of the crushing reaction chamber 2. Blades 32 for chopping garbage are evenly arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft 31. A power mechanism such as a motor drives the stirring shaft 31 to rotate, and the stirring shaft 31 drives the blades 32 thereon to rotate, stirring the garbage and chopping it at the same time.

[0038] The stirring shaft 31 and the blade 32 are provided with a connected exhaust gas flow channel, and the blade 32 is provided with a vent hole 33 connecting the exhaust gas flow channel with the outside, that is, the crushing reaction chamber 2.

[0039] The top of the crushing reaction chamber 2 is provided with an outlet for the exhaust gas generated during the reaction process. The exhaust gas outlet is connected to the exhaust gas purification system 9 through a pipeline. The exhaust gas purification system 9 is connected to a negative pressure blower 10 for extracting the exhaust gas in the crushing reaction chamber 2. An exhaust gas recycling mechanism 11 is also provided on the pipeline between the exhaust gas outlet and the exhaust gas purification system 9. The exhaust gas recycling mechanism 11 is connected to the exhaust gas flow channel of the stirring shaft 31 through a pipeline. In this way, the exhaust gas generated in the crushing reaction chamber 2 flows out from the exhaust gas outlet, most of the exhaust gas flows to the exhaust gas purification system 9 and is purified and emptied. A small part of the exhaust gas is transported to the exhaust gas flow channel in the stirring mechanism by the exhaust gas recycling mechanism 11 when it flows to the exhaust gas recycling mechanism 11, and then flows out through the vent 33 on the blade 32 and returns to the inside of the crushing reaction chamber 2, thus forming a cycle, providing a suitable micro-oxygen environment for the degradation of organic waste in the crushing reaction chamber 2. The exhaust gas purification system 9 and the exhaust gas recycling mechanism 11 in the above scheme are prior art, and any technical solution in the prior art that can achieve this function can be adopted, which will not be described in detail here.

[0040] The heating mechanism 4 includes an electromagnetic induction heating component to realize electromagnetic degradation of organic waste. The electromagnetic field of electromagnetic degradation is preferably an electromagnetic field generator. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field generator is preferably a high-frequency magnetic field. The magnetic field strength is preferably 2 to 5 T, more preferably 3 to 4 T. Limiting the intensity of the magnetic field to the above range can ensure that the electromagnetic degradation has a suitable heating rate and accelerate the reaction.

[0041] A red laser rangefinder 6 and an external temperature measuring device are also provided on the upper part of the crushing reaction chamber 2. The laser rangefinder 6 is used to monitor the amount of garbage added each time it is used. For example, when the height of the garbage poured into the crushing reaction chamber 2 reaches a certain value, a reminder is issued to stop adding; the infrared temperature measuring device 5 is used to monitor the temperature of the organic material during the electromagnetic heating process. When the temperature of the organic material reaches the temperature of electromagnetic degradation, the electromagnetic field generator stops generating a high-frequency magnetic field. When the temperature of the organic material is lower than the temperature of electromagnetic degradation, the electromagnetic field generator automatically starts.

[0042] The lower part of the crushing reaction chamber 2 is also provided with an ash vibration system 8 for discharging the generated ash from the ash outlet 7. The ash vibration system 8 is a prior art and any technical solution that can achieve this function can be adopted, which will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for using an organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device, comprising the following steps:

[0045] 1) Start the negative pressure blower 10 and the tail gas recycling mechanism 11 to maintain the system in a micro-aerobic state, open the feed port 1 of the crushing reaction chamber 2, pour the collected mixed domestic waste into the crushing reaction chamber 2 in batches until it is 320-30 cm above the crushing mechanism, and mix the mixed domestic waste with the perovskite catalyst;

[0046] 2) Close the feed port 1 and start the crushing device for 3-7 minutes;

[0047] 3) Turn off the crushing mechanism 3 and start the electromagnetic induction heating component to make the organic waste self-heated through electromagnetic radiation;

[0048] 4) Using the infrared temperature measuring device 5 to detect the reaction temperature, when it reaches a certain temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned off, and when it is lower than the temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned on;

[0049] 5) Maintain heating reaction for 20-24 hours;

[0050] 6) Turn off the negative pressure fan 10, the tail gas recycling mechanism 11 and the electromagnetic induction heating component, open the feed port 1 to load the material, and repeat the above steps.

[0051] Wherein, the preparation method of the perovskite catalyst used in step 1) is as follows:

[0052] a. Mix potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, a binder and water to obtain a mixed solution;

[0053] b. The mixed solution obtained in step a is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution to perform a precipitation reaction to obtain a precursor;

[0054] c. The precursor obtained in step b is sequentially aged and calcined to obtain a perovskite catalyst;

[0055] In step a, the molar ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate and binder is (0.01-0.03): (0.6-1.25): (0.1-0.3): (0.1-0.75), so as to facilitate the subsequent preparation of the precursor and provide a good foundation for the preparation of the catalyst;

[0056] The temperature of the precipitation reaction in step b is 50-75° C., and the pH value of the precipitation reaction is 8-9, which can ensure the co-precipitation of ions in the mixed solution, improve the uniformity of the precursor, and thus improve the catalytic performance of the final catalyst.

[0057] Application Example 1

[0058] This application example provides a method for preparing a perovskite catalyst, which comprises the following steps:

[0059] a. Stir potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, a binder, and water at 60°C and 600 rpm for 5 min to obtain a mixed solution; the molar ratio of potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and the binder is 0.01:0.8:0.1:0.3; the volume ratio of the potassium nitrate to water is 0.01 mol:5.5 L;

[0060] b. The mixed solution obtained in step a. was mixed with a 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution under stirring at a speed of 300 rpm, and a precipitation reaction was carried out at 65 ° C to obtain a precursor; the pH value of the precipitation reaction was 9; the sodium hydroxide solution was 6.5% by volume of the mixed solution;

[0061] c. The precursor obtained in step b. was aged in a vacuum drying oven at 80°C for 12h, then calcined at 550°C for 3h in a muffle furnace under vacuum conditions, and ground to obtain a perovskite catalyst; the particle size of the perovskite catalyst was 1mm.

[0062] Application Example 2

[0063] This application example provides a method for using an organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device, using the perovskite catalyst prepared in Application Example 1, including the following steps:

[0064] 1) Start the negative pressure blower 10 and the tail gas recycling mechanism 11 to maintain the system oxygen concentration at a micro-aerobic state of 0.03 ml / L, open the feed port 1 of the crushing reaction chamber 2, and pour the collected mixed domestic waste consisting of glass bottles, metal bottles, kitchen waste, waste paper, nylon, and wood products into the degradation device in batches until it is 30 cm above the crushing cutter head, and mix the mixed domestic waste with a perovskite catalyst. The amount of perovskite catalyst added is 2.5% of the mass of the organic waste;

[0065] 2) Close the feed port 1 and start the crushing device for 6 minutes to crush the particles to 1.4 mm;

[0066] 3) Turn off the crushing mechanism 3 and start the electromagnetic induction heating component to make the organic waste self-heated through electromagnetic radiation;

[0067] 4) Using the infrared temperature measuring device 5 to detect the reaction temperature, when it reaches 200°C, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned off, and when it is lower than 200°C, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned on;

[0068] 5) Heating the reaction for 18 hours;

[0069] 6) Turn off the negative pressure fan 10, the tail gas recycling mechanism 11 and the electromagnetic induction heating component, turn on the ash vibration system 8, close the ash discharge device, open the feed port 1 to load the material, and repeat the above steps.

[0070] The gas generated during the degradation process is purified by the tail gas purification device (water washing spray, electric tar capture and low-temperature plasma) and then discharged in accordance with the "Standard for Pollution Control of Municipal Waste Incineration" (GB 18485-2014).

[0071] The thermal ignition loss rate of the ash produced by electromagnetic degradation of organic waste is 3%;

[0072] After the perovskite catalyst electromagnetically degrades organic waste, it is mixed with the ash and discharged as the reaction proceeds. The inorganic catalyst can be recovered and reused by applying a magnetic field.

[0073] The results of electromagnetic degradation of organic waste in Application Examples 1 to 3 show that the perovskite catalyst provided by the present invention can reduce the degradation temperature and shorten the degradation time when applied to electromagnetic degradation of organic waste. It can complete the degradation of organic waste at 200-250°C within 24 hours, and can reduce the temperature of electromagnetic degradation of organic waste to avoid the formation of dioxins.

[0074] Adaptive changes based on actual needs are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be encompassed within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

Claims

1. An organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device, used in the organic waste magnetization pyrolysis process using perovskite as a catalyst, characterized by: The invention comprises a crushing reaction chamber integrating a crushing zone and a reaction zone, wherein the crushing reaction chamber is provided with a crushing mechanism for crushing the garbage and a heating mechanism for heating the garbage; the reaction temperature of the pyrolysis process in the crushing reaction chamber is 200-250°C; the amount of perovskite added as a catalyst is 1-5% of the mass of the organic garbage; The crushing mechanism includes a stirring shaft that traverses the crushing reaction chamber and blades evenly arranged on the periphery of the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft and the blades are provided with exhaust gas flow channels connected thereto. The blades are provided with vents connected to the outside world. An exhaust gas outlet is provided at the top of the crushing reaction chamber, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to an exhaust gas purification system for purifying exhaust gas through a pipeline. The exhaust gas purification system is connected to a negative pressure fan for extracting exhaust gas from the crushing reaction chamber; A tail gas recycling mechanism is provided on the pipeline between the tail gas outlet and the tail gas purification system, and the tail gas recycling mechanism is communicated with the tail gas flow channel of the stirring shaft.

2. The organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating mechanism includes an electromagnetic induction heating component, which forms a high-frequency magnetic field with a neodymium magnet through an alternating voltage.

3. The organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper part of the crushing reaction chamber is also provided with an infrared temperature measuring device and a laser rangefinder.

4. A method for using the organic waste magnetization pyrolysis device according to claim 3, comprising the following steps: 1) Start the negative pressure fan and the tail gas recycling mechanism to maintain the system in a micro-aerobic state, open the feed port of the crushing reaction chamber, pour the collected mixed domestic waste into the crushing reaction chamber in batches until it is 20-30 cm above the crushing mechanism, and mix the mixed domestic waste with the perovskite catalyst; 2) Close the feed port and start the crushing device for 3-7 minutes; 3) Turn off the crushing mechanism and start the electromagnetic induction heating component to make the organic waste self-heated through electromagnetic radiation; 4) Using an infrared temperature measuring device to detect the reaction temperature, when it reaches a certain temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned off, and when it is lower than the temperature, the electromagnetic induction heating component is turned on; 5) Maintain heating reaction for 20-24 hours; 6) Turn off the negative pressure fan, exhaust gas recycling mechanism and electromagnetic induction heating component, open the feed port to load the material, and repeat the above steps.

5. The method of use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oxygen concentration in the micro-oxygen state is 0.01-0.1 ml / L.

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