Method for improving survival rate of idesia branch cutting

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, belonging to the field of *Vernicia fordii* cutting propagation technology. The method is as follows: (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand, and accelerator I are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8; (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction, set up a seedbed, lay the cutting substrate on the seedbed, and disinfect the seedbed; (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches and prune the branches. The length is 8-10cm. The pruned branches are sterilized by ultraviolet sterilization lamp and then soaked in promoter II. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained; (4) Cutting and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate, water them once immediately after cutting, cover them with shade net, and control the humidity and temperature at the same time; (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40-50 days after cutting, which solves the problem of easy rot and low survival rate of the cuttings of *Vernicia fordii*.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting propagation technology of *Vernicia fordii*, and more particularly to a method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. Background Technology

[0002] The mountain pine (Idesia polycarpa Maxim.), also known as the chair tree, water pine, and oil grape, is a deciduous tree belonging to the genus Idesia in the family Elaeagnaceae. It is characterized by its drought resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and strong adaptability. The wood is yellowish-white to light yellowish-brown, light and soft, suitable for pulp manufacturing or the production of engineered wood products such as fiberboard, plywood, and particleboard. It can also be used as a solid wood decorative material. The fruit of the mountain pine can be used to refine edible oil, produce biodiesel, and manufacture aviation fuel. Therefore, the mountain pine has considerable value, and its cultivation has become a current focus.

[0003] Propagation by cuttings is an important technique for propagating superior *Vernicia fordii* plants, and it belongs to asexual reproduction. Different vegetative organs of the plant are selected as cuttings, which can be divided into three categories according to the organ used: stem cuttings, root cuttings, and leaf cuttings. The cuttings are inserted into soil, sand, or soaked in water until they root, and then transplanted to become independent new plants. However, existing cutting techniques are prone to cutting rot, leading to a low survival rate. Browning of the cuttings is a significant process leading to rot. Browned areas usually soften, damaging the plant tissue and providing an opportunity for pathogens to invade. Harmful fungi and bacteria can enter the plant through the damaged tissue in the browned areas, causing infection and rot.

[0004] Therefore, it is currently necessary to find a method to improve the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, inhibit browning of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, and solve the problems of easy rotting and low survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, and to solve the problems of easy rotting and low survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and accelerator I are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8;

[0008] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction, set up the seedbed, lay the cutting substrate on the seedbed, and disinfect the seedbed;

[0009] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches, prune the branches to a length of 8-10cm, sterilize the pruned branches with ultraviolet sterilization lamp, and then soak them in accelerator II. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0010] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate, water them immediately after cutting, cover them with a shade net, and control the humidity and temperature at the same time;

[0011] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40-50 days after cutting.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), a 1% potassium permanganate solution is used to disinfect the seedbed.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific operation of step (3) is as follows: use a 40W ultraviolet sterilization lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m with the pruned branches for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment is completed, put the branches into the promoter II and soak them up to 2-3cm above the cut of the cutting for 15-20 minutes. After soaking, the cutting is obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, the spacing between the cuttings in step (4) is 10cm × 12cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the soil moisture is maintained at 80-90% and the air temperature is maintained at 20-25℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the accelerator I comprises the following raw materials: sodium benzoate, glutaraldehyde, silver nitrate, and sodium alginate.

[0017] Furthermore, the raw material ratio of the accelerator I is as follows:

[0018] The mass ratio of sodium benzoate, glutaraldehyde, silver nitrate, and sodium alginate is (1.2-1.5):(1-1.5):(0.001-0.0015):5.

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation method of the accelerator I is as follows:

[0020] Sodium benzoate was added to deionized water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain sodium benzoate solution 1. Then glutaraldehyde and silver nitrate were added and stirred evenly. Sodium alginate was added and mixed evenly to obtain accelerator I.

[0021] Furthermore, the promoter II comprises the following raw materials: mannan, gum arabic, sorbitol, alanine, and gliadin.

[0022] Furthermore, the raw material ratio of the accelerator II is as follows:

[0023] The mass ratio of mannan, gum arabic, sorbitol, alanine, and gliadin is (1.5-2):(1.3-1.5):(1-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.6-0.8).

[0024] Furthermore, the preparation of the accelerator II is as follows:

[0025] Add gliadin to a 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3-5 minutes at 300-350 rpm. Add deionized water to obtain a gliadin solution. Then add mannan, sorbitol, and alanine to the gliadin solution and stir until homogeneous. Add gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain promoter II.

[0026] The cuttings of *Vernicia fordii* are prone to rotting during propagation, especially in the later stages after they are inserted into the substrate, leading to plant death. Experiments have shown that conventional antibacterial agents are not very effective. Therefore, this invention combines a substrate-mixed growth promoter I with a cutting treatment agent II to synergistically treat the cuttings, reducing the problems of easy rotting and low survival rate.

[0027] The cuttings of *Vernicia fordii* were soaked in promoter II. Promoter II contains mannan, which interacts with the lipid bilayer of the *Vernicia fordii* cell membrane, filling any gaps or defects in the cell membrane, helping to maintain membrane integrity, increasing membrane stability, and reducing the precipitation of polyphenols. Furthermore, gum arabic and sorbitol can cross-link with protein molecules on the cell membrane, further increasing cell membrane stability. Therefore, mannan, gum arabic, and sorbitol work synergistically to inhibit the leakage of polyphenols, reduce browning, and thus reduce the rot rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. The added alanine promotes cell division in *Vernicia fordii* and increases the absorption rate and amount of promoter II by the cell membrane, enabling rapid healing of the cutting's cell membrane and preventing browning during soaking and after planting, thereby reducing the rot rate.

[0028] Cuttings soaked in promoter II were inserted into the propagation substrate, which contained promoter I. The gliadin in promoter II at the cut surface attracted small amounts of polyphenols that had leaked from the cuttings, drawing them to the surface of the cut. The leaked polyphenols were then adsorbed into promoter I. Simultaneously, gliadin and silver nitrate synergistically precipitated and fixed the polyphenols in the substrate, inhibiting further oxidation and reducing browning of the cuttings. Furthermore, promoter I also contained sodium benzoate and glutaraldehyde, which synergistically promoted the formation and differentiation of root primordia in the callus tissue at the cutting cut, promoting the growth of the main root and thus increasing the survival rate. Sodium alginate was added to form promoter I into a hydrogel, fixing the precipitate and allowing it to act on the cuttings for a longer period. Sodium alginate also has excellent water-releasing properties, replenishing moisture. Therefore, promoters II and I synergistically promoted cutting growth, inhibited rotting, and thus improved the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention improves the cutting propagation technique of *Vernicia fordii* by adding promoters I and II during the cutting process. These two promoters work synergistically to treat the *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, reducing the impact of polyphenols on the cuttings, inhibiting browning, and thus lowering the rot rate and increasing the survival rate. *Vernicia fordii* cuttings propagated using this invention are easier to establish, have higher resistance to adverse conditions, and can effectively improve the efficiency of *Vernicia fordii* cultivation. Furthermore, the method of this invention is simple, easy to operate, and worthy of promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 : This refers to the *Vernicia fordii* cuttings obtained by cutting propagation in Example 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0033] Example 1: Propagation of *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings

[0034] Preparation of Accelerator I:

[0035] Add 1.2g of sodium benzoate to 100ml of deionized water and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium benzoate solution. Then add 1g of glutaraldehyde and 0.001g of silver nitrate, stir evenly, add 5g of sodium alginate, and continue to mix evenly to obtain accelerator I.

[0036] Preparation of Accelerator II:

[0037] Add 0.6g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir at 300r / min for 3min. Add 500ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 1.5g of mannan, 1g of sorbitol and 0.8g of alanine to gliadin solution and stir evenly. Add 1.3g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain accelerator II.

[0038] Methods for propagating *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings:

[0039] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and the promoter I prepared by the above method are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8 to obtain the cutting substrate;

[0040] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0041] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from disease, pests and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20min. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the promoter II prepared by the above method and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15min. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0042] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is about 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0043] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the rooted cuttings about 40 days after they have been planted. Be careful not to damage the roots during transplanting.

[0044] Example 2: Propagation of *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings

[0045] Preparation of Accelerator I:

[0046] Add 1.3g of sodium benzoate to 100ml of deionized water and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium benzoate solution. Then add 1.3g of glutaraldehyde and 0.0013g of silver nitrate, stir well, and then add 5g of sodium alginate. Continue mixing until homogeneous to obtain accelerator I.

[0047] Preparation of Accelerator II:

[0048] Add 0.7g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir at 330r / min for 4min. Add 600ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 1.8g of mannan, 1.1g of sorbitol and 1g of alanine to gliadin solution and stir evenly. Add 1.4g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain accelerator II.

[0049] Methods for propagating *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings:

[0050] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and the promoter I prepared by the above method are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8 to obtain the cutting substrate;

[0051] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0052] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from disease, pests and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20min. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the promoter II prepared by the above method and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15min. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0053] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 85% and the air temperature to 23℃.

[0054] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40 days after cutting.

[0055] Example 3: Propagation of *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings

[0056] Preparation of Accelerator I:

[0057] Add 1.5g of sodium benzoate to 100ml of deionized water and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium benzoate solution. Then add 1.2g of glutaraldehyde and 0.0015g of silver nitrate, stir evenly, add 5g of sodium alginate, and continue to mix evenly to obtain accelerator I.

[0058] Preparation of Accelerator II:

[0059] Add 0.8g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3min at 350r / min. Add 660ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 2g of mannan, 1.2g of sorbitol and 1.2g of alanine to gliadin solution and stir evenly. Add 1.5g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain accelerator II.

[0060] Methods for propagating *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings:

[0061] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and the promoter I prepared by the above method are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8 to obtain the cutting substrate;

[0062] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0063] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from disease, pests and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20min. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the promoter II prepared by the above method and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15min. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0064] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 90% and the air temperature to 25℃.

[0065] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40 days after cutting.

[0066] Comparative Example 1:

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator II. Specifically, no mannan is added during the preparation process. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0068] Add 0.6g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3min at 300r / min. Add 500ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 1g of sorbitol and 0.8g of alanine to gliadin solution and stir evenly. Add 1.3g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain promoter II.

[0069] The accelerator I used in this comparative example and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* were the same as in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator II. Specifically, gum arabic and sorbitol are not added during the preparation process. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0072] Add 0.6g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3min at 300r / min. Add 500ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 1.5g of mannan and 0.8g of alanine to gliadin solution and stir evenly to obtain promoter II.

[0073] The accelerator I used in this comparative example and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* were the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 3:

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator II. Specifically, alanine is not added during the preparation process. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0076] Add 0.6g of gliadin to 10ml of 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3min at 300r / min. Add 500ml of deionized water to obtain gliadin solution. Then add 1.5g of mannan and 1g of sorbitol to gliadin solution and stir evenly. Add 1.3g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain promoter II.

[0077] The accelerator I used in this comparative example and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* were the same as in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 4:

[0079] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator II. Specifically, gliadin is not added during the preparation process. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0080] Add 1.5g of mannan to 500ml of deionized water and stir for 3min at 300r / min to obtain a mannan solution. Then add 1g of sorbitol and 0.8g of alanine and stir until homogeneous. Then add 1.3g of gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain accelerator II.

[0081] The accelerator I used in this comparative example and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* were the same as in Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 5:

[0083] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator II, which is composed only of gliadin. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0084] Gliadin was mixed with a 50 wt% ethanol solution to prepare a 0.2 wt% gliadin solution, thus obtaining promoter II.

[0085] The accelerator I used in this comparative example and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* were the same as in Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 6:

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is the raw material of accelerator I. Specifically, sodium benzoate and glutaraldehyde are not added during the preparation process; only silver nitrate and sodium alginate are used. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0088] Add 0.001g of silver nitrate to 100ml of deionized water, stir well, then add 5g of sodium alginate, and continue to mix well to obtain accelerator I.

[0089] The accelerator II and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* used in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 7:

[0091] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the accelerator I is prepared as a solution, i.e., sodium alginate is not added. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0092] Add 1.2g of sodium benzoate to 100ml of deionized water and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium benzoate solution. Then add 1g of glutaraldehyde and 0.001g of silver nitrate and continue stirring until homogeneous to obtain accelerator I.

[0093] The accelerator II and the cutting method of *Vernicia fordii* used in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 8:

[0095] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that accelerator II was not used in the preparation of the cutting substrate during the cutting process. The specific cutting process is as follows:

[0096] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and the promoter I prepared in Example 1 were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8 to obtain the cutting substrate;

[0097] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0098] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilization lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment is completed, the cuttings are obtained.

[0099] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0100] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40 days after cutting.

[0101] Comparative Example 9:

[0102] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that accelerator I was not used in the preparation of the cutting substrate during the cutting process. The specific cutting process is as follows:

[0103] Methods for propagating *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings:

[0104] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite and river sand are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain cutting substrate;

[0105] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0106] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from disease, pests and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilization lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20min. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the promoter II prepared in Example 1 and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15min. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0107] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0108] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the rooted cuttings about 40 days after they have been planted. Be careful not to damage the roots during transplanting.

[0109] Comparative Example 10:

[0110] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that accelerators I and II were not used in the preparation of the cutting substrate during the cutting process. The specific cutting process is as follows:

[0111] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite and river sand are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain cutting substrate;

[0112] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0113] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage. Prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune them to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate the cut of the cuttings at a distance of 1m for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the treatment agent and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cuttings for 15 minutes. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0114] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0115] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40 days after cutting.

[0116] Comparative Example 11:

[0117] Compared with Example 1, the only difference was that a 0.2 wt% silver nitrate solution and a 0.2 wt% gliadin solution dissolved in 50 wt% ethanol were mixed and added to sodium alginate gel at a mass ratio of 1:1:10. After thorough mixing, 200 mg / kg of naphthaleneacetic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred again to obtain the growth promoter. This growth promoter was then used to treat *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. The cutting method is as follows:

[0118] Methods for propagating *Vernicia fordii* by cuttings:

[0119] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite and river sand are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain cutting substrate;

[0120] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0121] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from pests, diseases and mechanical damage, prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilization lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into the accelerator and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15 minutes. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0122] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0123] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the rooted cuttings about 40 days after they have been planted. Be careful not to damage the roots during transplanting.

[0124] Comparative Example 12:

[0125] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the silver nitrate in accelerator I and the gliadin in accelerator II are respectively prepared into gel form for treating the *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0126] Treatment Agent I: Weigh 0.0013g of silver nitrate and 5g of sodium alginate, prepare a 0.2wt% silver nitrate solution from the silver nitrate, then add sodium alginate and mix well to obtain Treatment Agent I.

[0127] Treatment Agent II: Weigh 0.7g gliadin and 1.4g gum arabic, dissolve gliadin in 50wt% ethanol to make a 0.2wt% gliadin solution, then add gum arabic and stir well to obtain Treatment Agent II.

[0128] The method of propagating *Vernicia fordii* using cuttings in this comparative example is the same as in Example 1.

[0129] Blank comparison:

[0130] The blank control differed from Example 1 only in that the cuttings were directly soaked in a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution during the cutting process. The specific cutting process is as follows:

[0131] (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite and river sand are mixed evenly with the promoter I prepared by the above method at a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain the cutting substrate;

[0132] (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction and set up a seedbed that is 15cm high and 1m wide. Lay a layer of river sand about 3cm thick on the seedbed, and then lay a cutting substrate about 10cm thick on top of the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with a 1% potassium permanganate solution 7 days before cutting.

[0133] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches that are free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage. Prune the branches, make a flat cut at the top and a slanted cut at about 45° at the bottom, and prune them to a length of about 8cm. Use a 40W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment, put the branches into mercuric chloride solution and soak them up to 2cm above the cut of the cutting for 15 minutes. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

[0134] (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate at a spacing of 10cm×12cm. The cutting depth is 2 / 3 of the length of the cutting. Water once immediately after cutting, cover with shade netting, and control the soil moisture to 80% and the air temperature to 20℃.

[0135] (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40 days after cutting.

[0136] experiment:

[0137] The *Vernicia fordii* was propagated by cuttings according to the methods of Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-12, and blank control. Each group used 200 cuttings and the cuttings were repeated three times. The number of brownings was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 40th days after cutting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0138] On day 40, the number of rotten and surviving *Vernicia fordii* cuttings was counted, and the rot rate and survival rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0139] Table 1

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] Table 2

[0143] Rot rate (%) Survival rate (%) Example 1 1 98 Comparative Example 1 6 92 Comparative Example 2 7 92 Comparative Example 3 5 93 Comparative Example 4 19 79 Comparative Example 5 21 77 Comparative Example 6 3 93 Comparative Example 7 26 72 Comparative Example 8 26 72 Comparative Example 9 36 63 Comparative Example 10 43 56 Comparative Example 11 14 85 Comparative Example 12 15 83 Blank control 36 62

[0144] Analysis of Tables 1 and 2 shows that:

[0145] 1. Compared with Example 1, the blank control group, which was directly soaked in a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution, showed severe browning, high rot, and low survival rates in its *Vernicia fordii* cuttings. This indicates that simply using a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution cannot effectively inhibit cutting rot. This is because the 0.1% mercuric chloride solution cannot suppress the continuous release of polyphenols, leading to severe browning and subsequent rot. The increase in browning was particularly significant in the early stages, likely due to incomplete healing of the cutting wounds, making browning more likely. In contrast, the change in browning in Example 1 from day 1 to day 40 was minimal. This demonstrates that the promoters I and II of this invention act rapidly, have excellent sustained-release effects, and can continuously act on the cuttings.

[0146] 2. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1, which did not contain mannan, showed a higher number of browned *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, a higher rate of decay, and a lower survival rate. This is because mannan can interact with the lipid bilayer of the *Vernicia fordii* cell membrane, filling any gaps or defects in the cell membrane, increasing membrane stability, reducing the release of polyphenols, and thus reducing browning. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2, which did not contain gum arabic or sorbitol, also showed a higher number of browned *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, a higher rate of decay, and a lower survival rate. Gum arabic and sorbitol can cross-link with protein molecules on the cell membrane, further increasing cell membrane stability, inhibiting polyphenol leakage, and thus reducing browning.

[0147] 3. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 did not contain alanine, resulting in a higher number of browned cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This is because alanine promotes plant cell division, increases the specific surface area for absorption, and accelerates the absorption rate and amount of promoter II by the cuttings. This allows the cell membranes of the cuttings to heal in a shorter time, preventing browning during soaking and thus reducing the rotting rate.

[0148] 4. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 4 did not contain gliadin, and its cuttings had a higher browning rate, higher rot rate, and lower survival rate. This is because without gliadin, the overflowing polyphenols would gather at the cutting end of the cutting and combine with the silver nitrate in the promoter I to form a precipitate, resulting in less polyphenol precipitation. At this time, the polyphenols had a greater impact on the cutting end of the cutting, and the degree of rot was aggravated.

[0149] 5. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 5, which only contains gliadin, showed a higher number of browned cuttings, a higher rot rate, and a lower survival rate. Although gliadin in Comparative Example 5 could still concentrate polyphenols at the cut and bind with silver nitrate to form a precipitate, the lack of inhibitory effects of mannan, gum arabic, and sorbitol on the polyphenols in the cuttings resulted in excessively rapid polyphenol leakage, preventing timely binding with silver nitrate and leading to browning, which in turn caused the cuttings to rot and reduced the survival rate.

[0150] 6. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 6, which did not add sodium benzoate and glutaraldehyde during the preparation of promoter I, but only used silver nitrate and sodium alginate, had a higher number of browned cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This is because sodium benzoate and glutaraldehyde can synergistically promote the growth of the root system of the cuttings, thereby promoting the healing of the cut and reducing the occurrence of browning, thus improving the survival rate.

[0151] 7. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 7, where promoter I was prepared as a solution without sodium alginate, showed a higher number of browning cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This is because sodium alginate can adsorb and fix polyphenol precipitates in the cutting substrate, preventing bacterial infection caused by polyphenol precipitates fixing the cut surface, which in turn leads to rotting and reduces the survival rate.

[0152] 8. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 8, without the use of promoter II, had a higher number of browned cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This is because promoter II effectively promotes the inhibition of polyphenol precipitation and precipitates the precipitated polyphenols in the cutting substrate, reducing the impact of polyphenols on the cutting cut and thus reducing browning. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 9, without the use of promoter I, had a higher number of browned cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This is because promoter I promotes rooting of the cuttings, thereby promoting cell differentiation and growth at the cut, accelerating wound healing, reducing browning, and improving the survival rate.

[0153] 9. Comparative Example 10, compared to Example 1, did not use promoters I and II during the cutting process. Its cuttings showed a higher number of browning, a higher rot rate, and a lower survival rate. This is because the synergistic effect of promoters II and I reduces polyphenol leakage and fixes the leaked polyphenols in the cutting substrate, inhibiting browning of the cutting cut, reducing rot, and improving the survival rate of the cuttings.

[0154] 10. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 11, treated with a promoter prepared from silver nitrate, gliadin, naphthaleneacetic acid, and sodium alginate, showed a higher number of browning cuttings, a higher rate of rot, and a lower survival rate. This indicates that directly treating cuttings with a mixture of silver nitrate and gliadin is not ideal for inhibiting browning. This is because when cuttings are directly immersed in a promoter containing gliadin, the gliadin cannot promptly collect and seal the cut surfaces by collecting the polyphenols that overflow from the cuttings. The sap overflows from the cut surfaces, washing away the silver nitrate near the cut surfaces, resulting in poor browning inhibition, increased rot, and a decreased survival rate.

[0155] 11. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 11, where silver nitrate from Promoter I and gliadin from Promoter II were separately formulated into gels for treating *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, showed a higher number of browning cuttings, a higher rate of rotting, and a lower survival rate. This indicates that simply treating cuttings with silver nitrate and gliadin is not ideal in inhibiting browning. This is because the lack of inhibition of polyphenol leakage by mannan, gum arabic, and sorbitol leads to polyphenol leakage being too rapid and failing to bind with silver nitrate in time, resulting in browning.

[0156] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of cutting substrate: Vermiculite, river sand and accelerator I are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8; (2) Preparation of seedbed: Select a sunny direction, set up a seedbed, lay cutting substrate on the seedbed, and disinfect the seedbed; (3) Treatment of cuttings: Take one-year-old lignified branches, prune the branches to a length of 8-10cm, sterilize the pruned branches with ultraviolet sterilization lamp, and then soak them in accelerator II. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained. (4) Cuttings and management: Insert the cuttings into the cutting substrate, water them immediately after cutting, cover them with a shade net, and control the humidity and temperature at the same time; (5) Transplanting: Transplant the cuttings that have rooted 40-50 days after cutting; Accelerator I comprises the following raw materials: sodium benzoate, glutaraldehyde, silver nitrate, and sodium alginate; The accelerator II comprises the following raw materials: mannan, gum arabic, sorbitol, alanine, and gliadin; The raw material ratio of the accelerator I is as follows: The mass ratio of sodium benzoate, glutaraldehyde, silver nitrate, and sodium alginate is (1.2-1.5):(1-1.5):(0.001-0.0015):5; The raw material ratio of the accelerator II is as follows: The mass ratio of mannan, gum arabic, sorbitol, alanine, and gliadin is (1.5-2):(1.3-1.5):(1-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.6-0.8).

2. The method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of step (3) is as follows: use a 40W ultraviolet sterilization lamp to irradiate the cut of the cutting at a distance of 1m with the pruned branches for 20 minutes. After the irradiation treatment is completed, put the branches into the promoter II and soak them up to 2-3cm above the cut of the cutting for 15-20 minutes. After soaking, the cuttings are obtained.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (4), the soil moisture is maintained at 80-90% and the air temperature is maintained at 20-25℃.

4. The method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the accelerator I is as follows: Sodium benzoate was added to deionized water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a sodium benzoate solution. Then, glutaraldehyde and silver nitrate were added and stirred evenly. Sodium alginate was added and mixed evenly to obtain accelerator I.

5. The method for improving the survival rate of *Vernicia fordii* cuttings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the aforementioned accelerator II is as follows: Add gliadin to a 50wt% ethanol solution and stir for 3-5 minutes at 300-350 rpm. Add deionized water to obtain a gliadin solution. Then add mannan, sorbitol, and alanine to the gliadin solution and stir until homogeneous. Add gum arabic and continue stirring until completely mixed to obtain accelerator II.

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