A floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation, belonging to the technical fields of algae cultivation and ocean engineering. The present invention includes a cultivation raft frame, large algae, and an anchoring system. The cultivation raft frame is composed of a rigid frame, rubber floats, a wave-dissipating plate net, cultivation seedling ropes, and an openable and closable hanging buckle. The anchoring system is composed of a circular ring, an anchor chain, and a sinker. The large algae are evenly distributed and grow on the cultivation seedling ropes. The present invention integrates large algae cultivation into the floating breakwater. While reducing waves through the rectangular plate net, by utilizing the flexible characteristics of the large algae themselves and the dense cultivation characteristics, a multi-layer flexible curtain is formed to gradually reduce the wave energy. The cultivation technology of large algae is relatively mature, the population quantity is easy to control, and it can itself be used as feed, medicine, food, etc., enhancing the economy. The large seaweeds of the present invention have the ability to purify the cultivation environment and have more environmental protection advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ocean engineering, and particularly designs a floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional coastal engineering structure, a breakwater plays a role in defending against wave intrusion and covering a designated water area. With the gradual development of ocean exploitation towards the deep sea, compared with traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters, floating breakwaters have the characteristics of low construction cost, less influence by water depth, foundation and tidal range, rapid construction, convenient movement, and easy water exchange, and are widely favored.

[0003] In practical engineering applications, in order to achieve a better wave dissipation effect, the traditional floating breakwater generally has a larger body width, so the engineering cost is higher and it is not convenient for long-distance transportation; in addition, the existing floating breakwater has an unsatisfactory wave dissipation effect on long-period waves. For the existing breakwater structural types, whether changing the main body structure type of the breakwater or adding wave-dissipating appendage structures, their installation and disassembly are relatively complex, and the consumables and environmental impacts are also relatively large. As a marine engineering covering structure, it lacks environmental protection and economy.

[0004] In the related published solutions of floating breakwaters, most of the technical solutions of floating breakwaters focus on the technical improvement of a single aspect of the existing structural types. Some existing design solutions of floating breakwaters have a better effect on reducing short-period waves but are not obvious in reducing long-period waves. In addition, there are also problems such as relatively high engineering costs of the breakwater structure and poor popularization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation. This breakwater provides buoyancy through rubber floats, and uses a wave-dissipating plate net to reflect and dissipate waves; at the same time, large algae are artificially cultivated on the upper raft structure, and the flexible characteristics of the large algae themselves and the characteristics of dense cultivation are used to form a flexible curtain-like structure, which not only optimizes the effect of reducing waves, but also improves the economy and environmental protection of the floating breakwater as a wave covering structure.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation, which comprises a cultivation raft frame and large algae; the cultivation raft frame includes a rigid frame, a number of floating barrels, a number of wave-dissipating plate nets and a number of cultivation seedling ropes; the rigid frame is a rectangular frame structure, and the rigid frame is suspended on the water surface under the buoyancy action of the floating barrels. The floating barrels are evenly fixed on the upper side of the rigid frame. Each floating barrel on both sides of the rigid frame perpendicular to the wave propagation direction is surrounded by the wave-dissipating plate net. The cultivation seedling ropes are fixed on the rigid frame, and the cultivation seedling ropes are perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. The large algae are evenly grown on the cultivation seedling ropes.

[0008] Furthermore, the cultivation raft frame further includes an openable and closable buckle. The floating barrels are evenly fixed on the upper side of the rigid frame through the openable and closable buckle. The floating barrels provide buoyancy to make the cultivation raft frame float on the water surface; the floating barrels are rubber floating barrels. The number and size of the floating barrels can be adjusted according to the actual situation of algae growth. The openable and closable buckle is made of steel material with an anti-rust coating, and the opening and closing of this structure can be manually controlled to facilitate the replacement of the rubber floating barrels.

[0009] Furthermore, the wave-dissipating plate net is a rectangular cage structure composed of a cage skeleton, wave-dissipating plates and wave-dissipating netting. The cage skeleton is used to support the wave-dissipating plates and wave-dissipating netting; the wave-dissipating plates are located on the wave-facing surface of the cage skeleton, and the wire netting is located on other surfaces of the cage skeleton; there are reserved holes on the wave-dissipating netting on two opposite surfaces, and the rigid frame is connected to the floating barrels through the reserved holes on the wave-dissipating plate net;

[0010] Even further, the cage skeleton and the wave-dissipating plates are made of concrete material, and the wave-dissipating netting is a wire mesh structure.

[0011] Furthermore, openable and closable buckles are welded at the four corners of the rigid frame. Multiple floating breakwaters can be connected or disassembled through the openable and closable buckles at the four corners of the rigid frame. The connection, assembly or disassembly and separation between each unit area are carried out through the openable and closable buckles.

[0012] Furthermore, the rigid frame is a rectangular structure, which is convenient for controlling the direction and overall layout of the breakwater; the rigid frame is composed of several rigid rods, and a rigid rod parallel to one side of the rigid frame is also fixed in the middle of the frame, and the middle rigid rod is in the same direction as the wave propagation direction.

[0013] Even further, evenly distributed circular buckles are arranged on the three rigid rods of the rigid frame parallel to the wave propagation direction. The cultivation seedling ropes pass through the circular buckles and are horizontally fixed on the rigid frame in a knotted manner. The material of the cultivation seedling ropes is selected as nylon ropes, and the circular buckles are fixed to the rigid frame by welding.

[0014] Even further, the material of the rigid frame is steel material with an anti-rust coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the macroalgae is kelp, wakame or sargassum.

[0016] Furthermore, the macroalgae are attached to the culture rope by single clamp according to the flat culture method in the raft culture method. The macroalgae on the culture rope have a tree spacing of 3-5cm and a body length of 0.8m-2.5m. The culture rope is located at a depth of 0.5m-1.2m below the sea surface, forming several rows of natural curtains.

[0017] The floating breakwater also includes an anchoring system, which adopts a four-anchor-point slack anchoring method.

[0018] Furthermore, the mooring system adopts a catenary mooring method, including an anchor chain, a ring and a sinker: the ring is welded to the four corners of the lower side of the frame, the upper end of the anchor chain is connected to the ring, and the lower end is tied to the sinker placed on the seabed. The material of the anchor chain is steel with an anti-rust coating, and the material of the sinker is metal or concrete.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. Compared with the prior art, the floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation of the present invention has a rectangular steel frame that is small and light as a whole, with a simple manufacturing process and low construction cost; the upper wave-blocking structure includes a buoy and a wave-breaking plate net structure, which is easy to manufacture and has a low cost. The rectangular plate net structure can fix the direction of the buoy and ensure the wave-blocking effect. At the same time, the plate structure and the net of the wave-breaking plate net structure itself reflect wave energy, increase water turbulence, and increase wave energy dissipation, thereby better achieving the purpose of wave breaking and wave reduction.

[0021] 2. The wave-breaking structure of the present invention is algae, which is taken from nature. It does not require artificial manufacture and installation of complex wave-breaking structures, nor will it cause adverse effects on the environment. It is both economical and environmentally friendly. The flexible characteristics of large algae themselves and the characteristics of dense cultivation constitute a flexible curtain-like structure with flexible damping. The multi-layer flexible curtains gradually reduce wave energy, and each layer of large algae has a binding effect on the water between them. This effect will increase the inherent period of pitch of the floating breakwater and enhance the wave protection performance against medium and long period waves.

[0022] 3. The wave-proof structure of the present invention is macroalgae. Macroalgae can effectively absorb and utilize the nutrients in the aquaculture environment, thereby reducing the load of aquaculture pollution on the environment and improving the economic benefits of the aquaculture system. In addition, the number of macroalgae is easy to control, and it will not increase the nutrient salt or organic matter load of the environment due to metabolism. Therefore, in addition to being used to defend against wave invasion, macroalgae can also control the eutrophication of aquaculture waters, and has a very considerable environmental value.

[0023] 4. The unit structure of the present invention can be freely arranged, combined, and disassembled through openable and closable lifting buckles. Therefore, the number and arrangement of the breakwater unit structures can be changed according to factors such as the area or structure to be protected and the actual wind and wave conditions. The openable and closable lifting buckles welded near the four corners of the rigid frame can be used to control the arrangement angle of multiple unit structures with a rigid rod structure of a specific length, and thus the length, width, and layout shape of the breakwater can be adjusted. The overall structure is flexible and variable, with strong mobility, simple operation, high reusability of the unit structure, and remarkable economy.

[0024] 5. The breakwater can change the depth of large algae in the water layer by changing the number and size of rubber floats and adjusting the length of the aquaculture seedling ropes. The operation is simple and convenient, enabling the breakwater to flexibly adjust the water entry depth of the structure and reducing the complexity of the operation. In production, the seedling ropes are fixed at the circular buckles by tying knots. By adjusting the knot position of the seedling ropes, the length of the seedling ropes is adjusted to adjust the depth of the water layer where the kelp is located, improving the light conditions so that it is always in the "light suitable layer", and the kelp can carry out sufficient photosynthesis.

[0025] 6. The present invention conducts large algae aquaculture and production at the same time. The aquaculture seedling ropes can be adjusted in depth and disassembled and replaced according to the growth of the algae. The mature and harvested large algae can be used as economic benefits.

[0026] In summary, the present invention uses large algae to defend against wave attacks, cover the aquaculture waters, and play a role in purifying the water body. At the same time, the cultivated large algae can be used for production, combining economy and environmental protection. The structure of the present invention is simple, the construction is convenient, the mobility is strong, the reusability of the unit structure is strong, and it can be applied to different situations with different covering requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the breakwater structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second representative implementation structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the third representative implementation structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 is a side view of the breakwater structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the openable and closable lifting buckle and circular buckle of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection details of the wave dissipating plate net, rubber float, and rigid frame.

[0033] Figure 7This is a top view of the breakwater structure of the present invention.

[0034] 1. Rigid frame, 2. Rubber buoy, 3. Wave-dissipating plate net, 4. Aquaculture seedling rope, 5. Openable and closable hanging buckle, 6. Large algae, 7. Ring, 8. Anchor chain, 9. Sinking block, 10. Round buckle. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0036] A floating breakwater combined with large algae aquaculture, as Figure 1 and Figure 7 shown, is composed of a rigid frame 1, a rubber buoy 2, a wave-dissipating plate net 3, an aquaculture seedling rope 4, an openable and closable hanging buckle 5, large algae 6, a ring 7, an anchor chain 8 and a sinking block 9. The openable and closable hanging buckles 5 are evenly arranged on the upper side and four corners of the frame 1 by welding. The frame 1 and the aquaculture seedling rope 4 are connected by a round buckle 10 located on the lower side of the frame to form the upper raft frame system of the breakwater. The large algae 6 grow attached to the aquaculture seedling rope 4, and the depth of the aquaculture seedling rope 4 in the water layer can be controlled to ensure that the large algae are in a suitable growth position. The upper raft frame uses evenly arranged rubber buoys 2 to provide buoyancy. The rubber buoys 2 are connected by openable and closable hanging buckles 5, and the number and size of the rubber buoys can be replaced or adjusted by manually controlling their opening and closing. Rings 7 are welded at the four corners of the lower side of the frame 1. The frame 1 and the aquaculture seedling rope 4 are connected to the anchor chain 8 through the rings 7, and the lower end of the anchor chain is connected to a square concrete sinking block 9 placed on the seabed to fix the position of the upper breakwater structure in a slack mooring manner. The connection forms of the openable and closable hanging buckle 5, the round buckle 10 and the rigid frame 1 and the rubber buoy 2 are as Figure 5 shown.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the upper floating body structure adopts a plate net-buoy structure type, as Figure 6As shown in the figure, to facilitate the display of internal details, the wave-dissipating plate structures on the wave-facing side and the wave-back side are hidden in the figure. Among them, the rubber buoy is 1.6 m long and 0.8 m in diameter; the rectangular frame inside the wave-dissipating plate net structure and the wave-dissipating plate are made of concrete material, and the wave-dissipating netting is made of wire mesh structure. The overall length, width and height of the wave-dissipating plate net structure are 1.8 m, 1 m and 1 m respectively, and the rubber buoy can be completely accommodated inside the wave-dissipating plate net structure. The single frame of the aquaculture raft frame uses a steel round pipe with a diameter of 0.2 m, 7 m long and 12.5 m wide; the aquaculture seedling ropes are 3.5 m long and 0.1 m in diameter, and the spacing between the aquaculture seedling ropes is 1.1 m. The main type of large algae cultured is kelp, and the culture density is 48 seedlings clipped on each aquaculture seedling rope. Kelp is suitable for growing in sea areas with lower water temperature and large flow velocity. If the seawater transparency is about 1 m, the initial hanging water layer is 0.8 - 1.2 m; starting from the second month, the water layer is adjusted to 0.5 - 0.8 m. The kelp is generally transferred to the sea for cultivation around mid-October and matures and is harvested between May and July of the second year.

[0038] According to factors such as the area or structure to be protected and the actual wind and wave conditions, the present invention can freely arrange, combine, disassemble and change the number and arrangement mode of the breakwater unit structures through the openable and closable hanging buckles. The following are several working conditions listed:

[0039] Working condition 1: When the area of the protected area is small and there is only one strong wave direction, a single floating breakwater is used for defense. The floating breakwater uses the upper wave-dissipating plate net to reflect and dissipate the waves. At the same time, the large algae cultured artificially below form multiple layers of flexible curtains to gradually reduce the wave energy. Two rows of wave-dissipating plate nets are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the wave propagation direction for a single breakwater, and the number of wave-dissipating plate nets in each row is 3 to 4. Each wave-dissipating plate net structure wraps a rubber buoy inside; 5 rubber buoys are arranged on both sides to provide buoyancy; the large algae cultured are suspended on the aquaculture seedling ropes to form a wave-dissipating flexible curtain, and several rows of aquaculture seedling ropes are placed at a depth of 0.5 - 0.8 m below the water surface. The four-anchor-point slack mooring method is adopted. When the wave propagates to the floating breakwater of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown.

[0040] Working condition 2: When the area of the protected water area is large and there is only one strong wave direction, a single floating breakwater of the present invention is difficult to meet the covering requirements. At this time, multiple breakwaters can be connected through the openable and closable hanging buckles at the vertices of the rigid frames of each breakwater to form a large floating breakwater to meet the corresponding protection requirements. The rubber buoys, wave-dissipating plate net structures and large algae cultured for a single floating breakwater are arranged in the same way as those mentioned in Working condition 1. After the protection is completed, the floating breakwater can be disassembled by opening the openable and closable hanging buckles. The large floating breakwater adopts the multi-anchor-point slack mooring method, and the number of mooring chains can be specifically increased according to the size of the floating breakwater. The layout design of the floating breakwater is as Figure 2 shown.

[0041] Condition 3: When there are two strong wave directions in the protected water area and a single-direction floating breakwater cannot meet the protection requirements, the openable hanging buckles welded to the four corners of the rigid frame can be used to connect rigid rod structures of a specific length, so that multiple rectangular rigid frames are fixedly arranged at the required angles, as Figure 3 shown, to resist the sea conditions of multiple strong wave directions. The rubber floating barrels, wave-dissipating plate nets and large algae cultivation of a single floating breakwater are the same as those mentioned in Condition 1. The multi-wave-direction floating breakwater adopts a multi-anchor-point slack mooring method. According to the size of the floating breakwater, the number of mooring chains can be specifically increased, and the arrangement direction of the mooring chains can be changed accordingly.

[0042] Wave theory research shows that wave energy is mainly concentrated on the water surface layer, and 98% of the total wave energy is concentrated within the water depth range of three times the wave height below the water surface. The wave-dissipating mechanism of the floating breakwater of the present invention is mainly wave reflection and wave energy dissipation, where the dissipation includes turbulence, breaking and friction, etc. When the incident wave strikes the floating breakwater, part of the wave energy is reflected and dissipated by the upper wave-dissipating plate net and the large algae cultivated below; part of the wave energy penetrates from the bottom of the floating breakwater into the protected area; the remaining wave energy causes the movement of the floating breakwater, and then generates radiation waves propagating in the oncoming wave direction and the lee wave direction, affecting the wave field in front of and behind the floating breakwater. In the present invention, the large algae underwater, as an additional vertical wave-dissipating structure, can enhance the wave-dissipating performance of the breakwater, optimize the wave-dissipating effect of long-period waves, and do not significantly increase the project cost. At the same time, the damping effect of its flexible characteristics can also slow down the stress concentration caused by the excessive length of the vertical wave-dissipating structure and the problem of excessive swing due to the too large rotation radius of the underwater structure.

[0043] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the patent of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation, characterized in that, It includes a cultivation raft frame and algae; the cultivation raft frame includes a rigid frame, a number of floating barrels, a number of wave-dissipating plate nets, and a number of cultivation seedling ropes; the rigid frame is a rectangular frame structure, the floating barrels are connected to the rigid frame to provide buoyancy to make the cultivation raft frame float on the water surface. Each floating barrel on the two sides of the rigid frame perpendicular to the wave propagation direction is surrounded by the wave-dissipating plate net. The two ends of the cultivation seedling rope are fixed on the rigid frame, and the cultivation seedling rope is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. The algae are evenly distributed on the cultivation seedling rope. The wave-dissipating plate net is a rectangular cage structure, composed of a cage skeleton, wave-dissipating plates, and wave-dissipating netting. The cage skeleton is used to support the wave-dissipating plates and wave-dissipating netting; the wave-dissipating plates are located on the wave-facing surface of the cage skeleton, and the wire netting is located on other surfaces of the cage skeleton; there are reserved holes on the wave-dissipating netting on the two opposite surfaces. The rigid frame is connected to the floating barrels through the reserved holes on the wave-dissipating plate net. The cage skeleton and the wave-dissipating plates are made of concrete materials, and the wave-dissipating netting is a wire mesh structure. The algae are kelp, wakame, or sargassum. The algae are singly clamped and attached to the cultivation seedling rope according to the flat cultivation method in the raft cultivation method. The distance between the algae plants on the cultivation seedling rope is 3 - 5 cm, and the body length is 0.8 m - 2.5 m. The cultivation seedling rope is located at a depth of 0.5 m - 1.2 m below the sea surface, forming several rows of natural curtain screens.

2. The floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation according to claim 1, wherein The cultivation raft frame further includes an openable and closable buckle. The floating barrels are evenly fixed on the upper side of the rigid frame through the openable and closable buckles; the floating barrels are rubber floating barrels.

3. A floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that Openable and closable buckles are welded at the four corners of the rigid frame. Multiple floating breakwaters can be connected or disassembled through the openable and closable buckles at the four corners of the rigid frame.

4. A floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that The rigid frame is composed of several rigid rods, and a rigid rod parallel to one side of the rigid frame is also fixed in the middle of the frame. The rigid rod in the middle is in the same direction as the wave propagation direction.

5. The floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that Evenly distributed circular buckles are provided on the three rigid rods of the rigid frame parallel to the wave propagation direction. The cultivation seedling rope passes through the circular buckles and is horizontally fixed on the rigid frame in a knotted manner.

6. A floating breakwater combined with large algae cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that The floating breakwater further includes an anchoring system, and the anchoring system adopts a four-anchor-point slack mooring method.

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