A method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes, belonging to the technical field of grape cultivation. In the method of regulation of the present invention, water and fertilizer management, main vine and new shoot pruning, and hormone management are carried out in the first year after grape planting, and water and fertilizer management, fruiting branch and vegetative branch pruning, and hormone management are carried out in the second year after planting. Through water and fertilizer management, the development of the root system can be promoted, and the intensity of vegetative growth and reproductive growth at different stages of grapes can be regulated to promote flower bud differentiation of the tree body; through the pruning management of the main vine and new shoots in the first year, the thickening growth and aging of the main vine and branches of grapes can be adjusted and controlled, and through the pruning management of fruiting branches and vegetative branches in the second year, the light area of the leaves of grape plants can be increased; and through hormone management, the maturation and aging of branches can be further regulated, the formation and differentiation of flower buds can be promoted, and the grape yield can be further increased. Through the comprehensive regulation of the three measures, the growth of plants and flower bud differentiation are promoted to the greatest extent, so as to promote rapid orchard establishment and high yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes. Background Art

[0002] Grapes are an ancient cultivated fruit tree. As early as four or five thousand years ago, the residents in the Mediterranean coastal areas began to utilize and cultivate grapes. In 138 BC in China, Zhang Qian was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Western Regions and introduced grapes. The cultivation history is over 2,000 years. Over a long period of time, through continuous reproduction and expansion in various places, grapes have been popularized and developed throughout the country. In 2021, the total planting area of grapes in the country reached 783,000 hectares, and the total output reached 14.998 million tons, accounting for 10.7% of the global grape harvest area and 19.7% of the global grape output. The grape industry is booming in China. China is a major grape-growing country in the world. Since 2010, China's grape output has ranked first in the world. Since 2000, fresh table grapes have ranked first in the world and become the largest producer of fresh table grapes. Since 2017, it has almost occupied half of the world's fresh table grapes. However, there is still a big gap from the most powerful producing country. The per capita grape consumption is much lower than that of developed countries, and there are few grape processing varieties. Therefore, from the perspective of the grape market demand, there is still a large market space and development advantage.

[0003] In recent years, China has developed many new grape production bases, and grape commodity bases have been established from arid and less rainy Xinjiang to the dry and hot river valleys in the southwest. Grapes not only have good flavor, high nutrition, wide uses, but also bear fruit early, have high yields, and the economic benefits are extremely remarkable. Generally, it starts to bear fruit in the second year after planting. After 3 to 4 years, the yield per mu is 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms, and the output value is 15,000 to 20,000 yuan, about 15 times that of field crops. The net income of grapes in Pengshan District, Meishan City reaches 20,000 - 30,000 yuan per mu, and the average net income in Xichang City is 30,000 - 50,000 yuan per mu, and the highest can reach 60,000 - 70,000 yuan per mu, which are exported to Southeast Asia. Developing grape production plays an important role in developing land resources, increasing the output value per unit area, meeting the needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets, increasing farmers' income, and promoting the development of rural economy. The prospect of developing grape production is broad.

[0004] Grapes are rich in vitamins, minerals and functional components. Flavonoids are a powerful antioxidant, which can resist aging and scavenge free radicals in the body. Grapes also contain a cancer-preventing trace element - resveratrol, which can prevent healthy cells from becoming cancerous and stop the spread of cancer cells. In addition to the anthocyanins rich in grapes, its antioxidant effect is more than 18 times higher than that of vitamin C, and it can be said to be a real antioxidant star. For these reasons, grapes are becoming more and more popular among people, and the planting scale is also expanding year by year.

[0005] The fruiting period and yield of grapes are determined by various factors. For example, soil fertility, seedling quality, transplanting method, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit thinning, pest and disease control, etc. are all important factors that determine the fruiting period and yield of grapes. The early or late fruiting period and the amount of yield of grapes directly affect the economic benefits of fruit farmers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes to achieve the purpose of rapid high-yield of grapes.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes, including the following operations:

[0008] (1) Management in the first year after planting

[0009] Fertilizer and water management: During the period from early March to mid-April in the first year after grape planting, drip-irrigate a 500-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days; during the period from late April to the end of May, drip-irrigate a 300-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days; during the period from mid-June to the end of August, drip-irrigate a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 days. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution is prepared by mixing equal volumes of a 300-fold potassium sulfate aqueous solution and a 300-fold monoammonium phosphate aqueous solution; in the first and second ten days of October, apply the first mixed fertilizer by furrow application or hole application. The first mixed fertilizer includes biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, urea and water;

[0010] Main vine and new shoot management: When the main vine grows to 1.2 - 1.3 m, pinch the tip, and cultivate 3 - 4 new shoots below the pinched tip; when the new shoots grow to 1 m, prune them, and leave 1 leaf for all lateral shoots and pinch the tip to make it non-growing;

[0011] Hormone management: Spray 1% S-ABA or a 250 - 300-fold solution of PBO once in mid-June and early July respectively;

[0012] (2) Management in the second year after planting

[0013] Fertilizer and water management: In the middle and late February of the second year after grape planting, drip-irrigate a nitrogen-boron fertilizer once, and then drip-irrigate it again after 10 days; during the shoot growth period, drip-irrigate a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; 10 - 15 days before flowering, drip-irrigate a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer; 10 - 15 days after flower withering, drip-irrigate a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; from late May to mid-July, drip-irrigate potassium fertilizer four times, and drip-irrigate calcium fertilizer simultaneously with potassium fertilizer in June; after fruit harvest, drip-irrigate a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; during the period from late September to early October, apply the second mixed fertilizer and the third mixed fertilizer by furrow application on both sides of the grape plants respectively;

[0014] The nitrogen-boron fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and boron fertilizer; the first nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the second nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are aqueous solutions of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and monoammonium phosphate; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the concentration of monoammonium phosphate in the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 1.5-2 wt‰ and the concentration of potassium sulfate is 1-1.25 wt‰; the potash fertilizer is an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is calcium nitrate; the second mixed fertilizer is composed of bio-organic fertilizer, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water; and the third mixed fertilizer is composed of bio-organic fertilizer, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water.

[0015] Management of fruiting branches and nutrient branches: When the fruiting branches grow to 0.8-1m, pinch off the middle branches; 10-12 days before flowering, pinch off the fruiting branches above the inflorescence, leaving 3-5 leaves, remove all buds below the inflorescence, and pinch off the nutrient branches, leaving 6-8 leaves;

[0016] Hormone management: Spray 1% S-inducible hormone or PBO 250~300 times diluted once in mid-June and early July. Do not spray PBO before harvesting the fruit to avoid contaminating the fruit surface.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0018] Furthermore, the drip irrigation amount of 500 times urea aqueous solution is 2 tons / mu each time; the drip irrigation amount of 300 times urea aqueous solution is 2~3 tons / mu each time.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution used for drip irrigation is 3 to 4 tons per mu each time.

[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer, superphosphate, urea and water in the first mixed fertilizer is 75~100:20~25:7.5~10:5000; the dosage of the first mixed fertilizer is 5 tons / mu.

[0021] Furthermore, the concentration of urea in nitrogen and boron fertilizer is 1.8~3.8wt‰, and the concentration of boron fertilizer is 0.5~1wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of nitrogen and boron fertilizer each time is 2~4 tons / mu.

[0022] Furthermore, the concentration of urea in the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 1.8~3wt‰, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3~0.5wt‰, and the drip irrigation amount of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 5~8 tons / mu; the concentration of urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 0.25wt‰, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.25wt‰, and the drip irrigation amount of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 10 tons / mu.

[0023] Furthermore, the concentration of urea in nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is 0.6~1wt‰, and the concentration of monoammonium phosphate is 1.2~2wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is 5~8 tons / mu.

[0024] Further, the drip irrigation amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 8 - 10 tons per mu.

[0025] Further, the concentration of potassium sulfate in the potassium fertilizer is 1.25 - 1.6 wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of the potassium fertilizer each time is 8 tons per mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 1.5 - 2 kg per mu.

[0026] Further, the mass ratio of the bio - organic fertilizer, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water in the second mixed fertilizer is 300:40:2 - 2.5:5000; the mass ratio of the bio - organic fertilizer, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water in the third mixed fertilizer is 300:40:2 - 2.5:5000.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. In the first year and the second year after grape planting, the present invention conducts water and fertilizer management, which can provide the nutrients and water required by the grapes, and promote the development of the root system; sufficient water and nutrients can increase the photosynthesis of the plants, and increase the growth rate and quality of the grape branches, leaves and fruits; the scientific fertilizer and water formula can regulate the strength of vegetative growth and reproductive growth at different stages of the grapes, promote the flower bud differentiation of the tree body, and enable the grapes to enter the high - yield period in the second year after planting. Moreover, through water and fertilizer management, the tree vigor can be strengthened, the temperature and humidity of the orchard can be regulated, thereby reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, and further enhancing the pest and disease resistance of the grape plants.

[0029] 2. The present invention conducts pruning management on the grape branches. Through the pruning management of the main vines and new shoots in the first year, the thickening growth and aging of the grape main vines and branches can be adjusted and controlled to better differentiate flower buds; through the pruning management of the fruiting branches and vegetative branches in the second year, the light - receiving area of the grape plant leaves can be increased, the photosynthesis efficiency can be promoted, and the fruit growth and development can be promoted. In addition, through branch management, the number and distribution of the grape plant branches can be controlled, enabling the fruit clusters to be evenly distributed throughout the plant, avoiding poor light, ventilation and the occurrence of pests and diseases caused by over - dense branches and fruit cluster shading, and maintaining the health and quality of the fruit clusters.

[0030] 3. The present invention conducts hormone management on the grape new shoots, further regulating the maturity and aging of the branches, promoting flower bud formation and differentiation, and further increasing the grape yield in the second year. Through the comprehensive regulation of the three measures, the plant growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted to the greatest extent, thereby promoting rapid orchard establishment and high - yield. Specific Embodiments

[0031] The following is a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the examples.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] A method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes includes the following operations:

[0034] (1) Management in the first year after planting

[0035] Water and fertilizer management: From early March to mid-April in the first year after grape planting, drip-irrigate a 500-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip-irrigation amount of 2 tons per mu each time; from late April to the end of May, drip-irrigate a 300-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip-irrigation amount of 2 tons per mu each time; from mid-June to the end of August, drip-irrigate a mixed fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 days. The mixed fertilizer aqueous solution is formed by mixing equal volumes of a 300-fold potassium sulfate aqueous solution and a 300-fold monoammonium phosphate aqueous solution, and the drip-irrigation amount of the mixed fertilizer aqueous solution is 3.5 tons per mu each time; in the first and middle ten days of October, apply the first mixed fertilizer by ditch application. The first mixed fertilizer includes biological organic fertilizer (purchased from Sichuan Youxin Liangpin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.), superphosphate, urea and water. The application amount of the mixed fertilizer per mu is 85 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 24 kg of superphosphate + 8 kg of urea + 5 tons of water.

[0036] Main vine and new shoot management: When the main vine grows to 1.2 m, pinch the tip, and cultivate 4 new shoots below the pinched tip; when the new shoots grow to 1 m, prune them, and leave 1 leaf for all lateral shoots and pinch the tip to make it non-renewable.

[0037] Hormone management: Spray 1% S-ABA 300-fold solution once in mid-June and once in early July.

[0038] (2) Management in the second year after planting

[0039] Water and fertilizer management: In the middle and late February of the second year after grape planting, apply 7.5 kg of urea + 2 kg of boron fertilizer (borax) + 3 tons of water (nitrogen-boron fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation, and then carry out drip irrigation again after 10 days; during the shoot growth period, apply 15 kg of urea + 2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 6 tons of water (the first nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; 14 days before the flowering period, apply 5 kg of urea + 10 kg of monoammonium phosphate + 6 tons of water (nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; 14 days after the flower withering, apply 15 kg of monoammonium phosphate + 10 kg of potassium sulfate + 9 tons of water (phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; from late May to the middle and late July, apply potassium sulfate aqueous solution four times by drip irrigation, with 12 kg of potassium sulfate + 8 tons of water applied per mu each time, and apply calcium nitrate at the same time as potassium fertilizer in June, with a application rate of 2 kg / mu; after fruit harvesting, apply 2.5 kg of urea + 2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 10 tons of water (the second nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; during the period from late September to early October, dig trenches on both sides of the grape plants, with the trenches 60 cm away from the plants and a depth of 20 cm, and apply the second mixed fertilizer and the third mixed fertilizer by ditch application on both sides respectively. The second mixed fertilizer contains biological organic fertilizer (the same as above), superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water, with an application rate of 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 40 kg of superphosphate + 2 kg of magnesium sulfate + 5 tons of water per mu, and the third mixed fertilizer contains biological organic fertilizer (the same as above), superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water, with an application rate of 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 40 kg of superphosphate + 2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate + 5 tons of water per mu.

[0040] Management of fruiting branches and vegetative branches: When the fruiting branches grow to 1 m, carry out medium-branch pinching and pruning; 12 days before flowering, pinch the fruiting branches by leaving 4 leaves above the flower clusters, wipe out all the buds below the flower clusters, and pinch the vegetative branches by leaving 7 leaves.

[0041] Hormone management: Spray 1% S-ABA 280-fold solution once in mid-June and once in early July.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] A method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes includes the following operations:

[0044] (1) Management in the first year after planting

[0045] Water and fertilizer management: From early March to mid-April of the first year after grape planting, drip irrigation is applied with a 500-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip irrigation volume of 2 tons per mu each time; from late April to the end of May, drip irrigation is applied with a 300-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip irrigation volume of 3 tons per mu each time; from mid-June to the end of August, drip irrigation is applied with a mixed fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 days. The mixed fertilizer aqueous solution is a mixture of equal volumes of 300-fold potassium sulfate aqueous solution and 300-fold monoammonium phosphate aqueous solution, with a drip irrigation volume of 3 tons per mu each time; in early to mid-October, the first mixed fertilizer is applied in the furrow. The first mixed fertilizer includes bio-organic fertilizer (purchased from Sichuan Youxinliangpin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.), superphosphate, urea and water. The application rate of mixed fertilizer per mu is 75 kg of bio-organic fertilizer + 25 kg of superphosphate + 7.5 kg of urea + 5 tons of water.

[0046] Management of new shoots and main vines: Pinch off the main vine when it grows to 1.3m, and cultivate the four new shoots below the pinching point; prune the new shoots when they grow to 1m, and pinch off all the side shoots after leaving one leaf.

[0047] Hormone management: Spray 250 times of 1% S-inducible hormone solution once in mid-June and early July.

[0048] (2) Management in the second year after planting

[0049] Water and fertilizer management: In the middle and late February of the second year after grape planting, apply 7.5 kg of urea + 2 kg of boron fertilizer (borax) + 2 tons of water (nitrogen-boron fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation, and then drip irrigate again after 10 days; during the shoot growth period, apply 15 kg of urea + 2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 5 tons of water (the first nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; 10 days before the flowering period, apply 5 kg of urea + 10 kg of monoammonium phosphate + 5 tons of water (nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; 15 days after flowering, apply 15 kg of monoammonium phosphate + 10 kg of potassium sulfate + 8 tons of water (phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; from late May to the middle and late July, apply potassium sulfate aqueous solution four times by drip irrigation, with 10 kg of potassium sulfate + 8 tons of water applied per mu each time, and apply calcium nitrate at the same time as potassium fertilizer in June, with a application rate of 1.5 kg / mu; after fruit harvest, apply 2.5 kg of urea + 2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 10 tons of water (the second nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) per mu by drip irrigation; during the period from late September to early October, dig trenches on both sides of the grape plants, with the trenches 60 cm away from the plants and a depth of 25 cm, and apply the second mixed fertilizer and the third mixed fertilizer by ditch application on both sides respectively. The second mixed fertilizer contains biological organic fertilizer (the same as above), calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water, with an application rate of 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 40 kg of calcium superphosphate + 2.5 kg of magnesium sulfate + 5 tons of water per mu, and the third mixed fertilizer contains biological organic fertilizer (the same as above), calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water, with an application rate of 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 40 kg of calcium superphosphate + 2 kg of ferrous sulfate + 5 tons of water per mu.

[0050] Management of fruiting branches and vegetative branches: When the fruiting branches grow to 0.8 m, carry out medium-branch pinching and pruning; 10 days before flowering, pinch the fruiting branches by leaving 3 leaves above the flower clusters, wipe out all the buds below the flower clusters, and pinch the vegetative branches by leaving 6 leaves.

[0051] Hormone management: Spray 1% S-abscisic acid 250-fold solution once in mid-June, and spray PBO 250-fold solution once in early July.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] A method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes, including the following operations:

[0054] (1) Management in the first year after planting

[0055] Water and fertilizer management: From early March to mid-April in the first year after grape planting, drip-irrigate a 500-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip-irrigation amount of 2 tons per mu each time; from late April to the end of May, drip-irrigate a 300-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days, with a drip-irrigation amount of 2.5 tons per mu each time; from mid-June to the end of August, drip-irrigate a mixed fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 days. The mixed fertilizer aqueous solution is composed of a 300-fold potassium sulfate aqueous solution and a 300-fold monoammonium phosphate aqueous solution mixed in equal volume, and the drip-irrigation amount of the mixed fertilizer aqueous solution is 4 tons per mu each time; in the first and middle ten days of October, apply the first mixed fertilizer by furrow application. The first mixed fertilizer includes biological organic fertilizer (purchased from Sichuan Youxinliangpin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.), superphosphate, urea and water. The application amount of the mixed fertilizer per mu is 100 kg of biological organic fertilizer + 20 kg of superphosphate + 10 kg of urea + 5 tons of water.

[0056] Main vine and new shoot management: When the main vine grows to 1.2 m, pinch the tip, and cultivate 3 new shoots below the pinched tip; when the new shoots grow to 1 m, prune them, and leave 1 leaf for all lateral shoots and pinch the tip to make it non-renewable.

[0057] Hormone management: Spray a 250-fold PBO solution once in mid-June and once in early July.

[0058] (2) Management in the second year after planting

[0059] Water and fertilizer management: In mid-to-late February of the second year after grape planting, use drip irrigation to apply 7.5kg of urea + 2kg of boron fertilizer (borax) + 4 tons of water (nitrogen-boron fertilizer) per mu, and drip irrigation again after 10 days; during the growth period of branches and shoots, use drip irrigation to apply 15kg of urea + 2.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 8 tons of water (first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) per mu; 15 days before flowering, use drip irrigation to apply 5kg of urea + 10kg of monoammonium phosphate + 8 tons of water (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer) per mu; 10 days after flowering, use drip irrigation to apply 15kg of monoammonium phosphate + 10kg of potassium sulfate + 10 tons of water (phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) per mu; from late May to mid-to-late July, use drip irrigation to apply potassium sulfate aqueous solution four times, each time applying 12.5kg of potassium sulfate + 8 tons of water per mu, and apply calcium nitrate together with potassium fertilizer in June. The amount is 2kg / mu; after the fruit is harvested, drip irrigation is used to apply 2.5kg of urea + 2.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 10 tons of water (the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) per mu; from late September to early October, furrows are dug on both sides of the grape plants, the furrows are 60cm away from the plants and the furrow depth is 25cm, and the second mixed fertilizer and the third mixed fertilizer are applied in the furrows on both sides. The second mixed fertilizer contains bio-organic fertilizer (same as above), superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water, and the application amount per mu is 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer + 40kg of superphosphate + 2.5kg of magnesium sulfate + 5 tons of water. The third mixed fertilizer contains bio-organic fertilizer (same as above), superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water, and the application amount per mu is 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer + 40kg of superphosphate + 2.5kg of ferrous sulfate + 5 tons of water.

[0060] Management of fruiting branches and nutrient branches: When the fruiting branches grow to 1m, pinch off the middle branches; 10 days before flowering, pinch off the fruiting branches above the inflorescence, remove all buds below the inflorescence, and pinch off the nutrient branches, leaving 8 leaves.

[0061] Hormone management: Spray 250 times of S-inducible extract once in mid-June and early July.

[0062] Experimental example:

[0063] A grape plantation in Luquan Town, Chongzhou District, Chengdu, was divided into four independent plots of equal size, numbered 1 through 4. Grape plants were cultivated and managed in plots 1 through 3 using the methods described in Examples 1 through 3, respectively. Conventional cultivation methods were used in plot 4. The experiment lasted three years, and grape yields were calculated for each plot. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 Grape yield

[0065] Second-year yield (kg / mu) Third-year yield (kg / mu) Example 1 865 1500 Example 2 810 1450 Example 3 954 1527 Conventional cultivation 260 1320

[0066] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention are described in detail in connection with the embodiments, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts still fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the rapid seedling and flower formation of grapes, characterized in that Including the following operations: (1) Management in the first year after planting Water and fertilizer management: During the period from early March to mid-April in the first year after grape planting, drip irrigate a 500-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days; during the period from late April to the end of May, drip irrigate a 300-fold urea aqueous solution every 10 days; during the period from mid-June to the end of August, drip irrigate a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 days, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution is composed of an equal volume mixture of a 300-fold potassium sulfate aqueous solution and a 300-fold monoammonium phosphate aqueous solution; in the first and second ten days of October, apply the first mixed fertilizer by furrow application or hole application, and the first mixed fertilizer includes biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, urea and water; Main vine and new shoot management: When the main vine grows to 1.2 - 1.3 m, pinch the tip, and cultivate 3 - 4 new shoots below the pinched tip; when the new shoots grow to 1 m, prune them, and leave 1 leaf for all lateral shoots and pinch the tip to make it non-sprouting again; Hormone management: Spray 1% S-ABA or a 250 - 300-fold solution of PBO once in mid-June and early July respectively; (2) Management in the second year after planting Water and fertilizer management: In the second and third ten days of February in the second year after grape planting, drip irrigate a nitrogen and boron fertilizer once, and then drip irrigate it again 10 days later; during the shoot growth period, drip irrigate the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once; 10 - 15 days before flowering, drip irrigate a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer once; 10 - 15 days after flowering, drip irrigate a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once; from late May to mid-July, drip irrigate potassium fertilizer four times, and apply calcium fertilizer simultaneously with potassium fertilizer in June; after fruit harvest, drip irrigate the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once; during the period from late September to early October, apply the second mixed fertilizer and the third mixed fertilizer by furrow application on both sides of the grape plants respectively; The nitrogen and boron fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and boron fertilizer; the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are aqueous solutions of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and monoammonium phosphate; the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution of monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the concentration of monoammonium phosphate in the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 1.5 - 2 wt‰, and the concentration of potassium sulfate is 1 - 1.25 wt‰; the potassium fertilizer is an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is calcium nitrate; the second mixed fertilizer is composed of biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water, and the third mixed fertilizer is composed of biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water; Fruiting branch and vegetative branch management: When the fruiting branch grows to 0.8 - 1 m, carry out medium branch pinching and pruning; 10 - 12 days before flowering, leave 3 - 5 leaves above the flower cluster of the fruiting branch and pinch the tip, wipe out all the buds below the flower cluster, and leave 6 - 8 leaves for the vegetative branch and pinch the tip; Hormone management: Spray 1% S-ABA or a 250 - 300-fold solution of PBO once in mid-June and early July respectively.

2. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation amount of the 500-fold urea aqueous solution is 2 tons per mu each time; the drip irrigation amount of the 300-fold urea aqueous solution is 2 - 3 tons per mu each time.

3. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation amount of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer aqueous solution is 3 - 4 tons per mu each time.

4. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, urea and water in the first mixed fertilizer is 75 - 100:20 - 25:7.5 - 1, and the dosage of the first mixed fertilizer is 5 tons per mu.

5. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of urea in the nitrogen-boron fertilizer is 1.8 - 3.8 wt‰, and the concentration of boron fertilizer is 0.5 - 1 wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of the nitrogen-boron fertilizer each time is 2 - 4 tons per mu.

6. The rapid grape seedling and flower formation regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of urea in the first nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 1.8 - 3 wt‰, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3 - 0.5 wt‰. The drip irrigation amount of the first nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 5 - 8 tons per mu; the concentration of urea in the second nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 0.25 wt‰, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.25 wt‰. The drip irrigation amount of the second nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 10 tons per mu.

7. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of urea in the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is 0.6 - 1 wt‰, and the concentration of monoammonium phosphate is 1.2 - 2 wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is 5 - 8 tons per mu.

8. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 8 - 10 tons per mu.

9. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of potassium sulfate in the potassium fertilizer is 1.25 - 1.6 wt‰; the drip irrigation amount of the potassium fertilizer each time is 8 tons per mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 1.5 - 2 kg per mu.

10. The rapid seedling and flower formation regulation method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and water in the second mixed fertilizer is 300:40:2 - 2.5:5000; the mass ratio of biological organic fertilizer, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water in the third mixed fertilizer is 300:40:2 - 2.5:5000.