Offshore long-span floating bridge and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of offshore long-distance suspension bridge and its construction method, from bottom to top include anchor, main cable, float box and bridge deck in sequence, several anchorings are fixed in seabed along the length direction of bridge, several main cables are arranged in seawater along the length direction of bridge, several float boxes are arranged in seawater along the length direction of bridge, bridge deck is set above sea surface, anchor and main cable are connected by anchor cable, main cable and float box are connected by multiple interval arranged float cable, float cable is vertically arranged in the middle of main cable, anchor is located at both ends of main cable, float box provides buoyancy for bridge, girder is arranged on float box, bridge deck is laid on girder.The application discloses offshore long-distance suspension bridge and its construction method, overcome long distance, seawater deep, sea condition is bad, seabed geological condition is harsh and so on, solve the cross-sea fast, efficient traffic transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of maritime transportation technology, and in particular to a long-distance suspended bridge at sea and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Floating bridges are currently a feasible method of bridging over water, but they are only suitable for relatively calm waters such as rivers and lakes, and have strict requirements on the weight and speed of vehicles traveling on them. Therefore, traditional pile-foundation piers and pontoon bridges are mainly limited to land-based lakes and rivers, suitable for shorter distances and favorable environmental conditions. However, current types of floating bridges are not suitable for longer distances, deep waters, and harsh sea conditions at sea. Developing economical and feasible sea-based bridging methods for deep waters, long distances, and harsh sea conditions would enable the direct construction of highways and high-speed railways across long distances, having a significant impact on society and the economy.

[0003] Patent document CN201420597115.9 discloses a deep-sea semi-submersible lightweight modular floating bridge, comprising at least two unit modules, a telescopic ramp structure, and mooring cables. Each unit module includes a lower floating body, a cylindrical steel frame support structure, a truss bridge, and a sandwich-plate road surface connected in sequence. The lower floating body is cylindrical in shape, and its length direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the unit modules. The unit modules are connected by the telescopic ramp structure, and the mooring cables are connected to both ends of the unit modules in the width direction. This design, employing a modular structure, is suitable for transportation between nearby islands and reefs, but it is still unsuitable for long-distance, heavy-load, and rapid transportation in the deep sea.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a long-distance floating bridge at sea and its construction method to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a long-distance suspended bridge at sea and its construction method, which overcomes problems such as long distance, deep seawater, harsh sea conditions and severe seabed geological conditions, so as to solve the problem of fast and efficient cross-sea transportation.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention discloses a long-distance suspended bridge at sea, comprising, from bottom to top, anchorages, main cables, pontoons, and a bridge deck. Several anchorages, spaced apart along the length of the bridge beams, are fixed to the seabed. Several main cables, continuously arranged along the length of the bridge, are positioned in the seawater. Several main cables are spaced apart along the width of the bridge. Several pontoons, continuously arranged along the length of the bridge, are positioned in the seawater. The bridge deck is positioned above the sea surface. The anchorages are connected to the main cables via anchor cables, and the main cables are connected to the pontoons via multiple spaced floating cables. The floating cables are vertically positioned in the middle of the main cables, and the anchorages are located at both ends of the main cables. The pontoons provide buoyancy for the bridge, and trusses are mounted on the pontoons. The bridge deck is laid on the trusses.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper surface of the pontoon is provided with multiple grooves in the same direction as the length of the bridge, and pontoon beams adapted to the grooves are laid in the grooves, with the bottom of the truss beams fixedly connected to the pontoon beams.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchorages are arranged in pairs and symmetrically on both sides of the bridge deck, and the main cables are arranged in pairs and symmetrically on both sides of the bridge deck. The main cables are arched upwards, and the main cables arranged along the length of the bridge are connected by downwardly recessed arc-shaped connectors. The symmetrically arranged main cables are connected together by transverse ribs between the arc-shaped connectors. The anchorages are connected to the lower part of the arc-shaped connectors by anchor cables. Each anchorage is provided with two anchor cables. One anchor cable is connected to the anchorage at one end and to the arc-shaped connector on the same side at the other end. The other anchor cable is connected to the anchorage at one end and to the arc-shaped connector on the opposite side at the other end.

[0010] Furthermore, the pontoon is configured as a cuboid structure, with its length direction perpendicular to the length direction of the bridge deck. The centerline of the pontoon's length direction and the centerline of the bridge deck are located in the same vertical plane. Several pontoons are arranged horizontally along the length direction of the bridge deck. The sides of the pontoons are tenon-and-mortise structures, and adjacent pontoons are assembled together using the tenon-and-mortise structures.

[0011] Furthermore, the pontoon can also be configured as a three-dimensional trapezoidal structure, with the inclined surfaces of the pontoon located at both ends along its length and facing upwards to reduce the impact of underwater currents on the pontoon.

[0012] Furthermore, the top length of the pontoon is greater than the width of the bridge deck, the distance between the two main cables is slightly less than the width of the bottom of the pontoon, and the distance between the two symmetrically arranged anchors is greater than the width of the bottom of the pontoon.

[0013] Furthermore, the bridge deck is a truss structure, which is a mesh structure with small beams arranged between the main beams, decreasing in size step by step, and with small holes at the top.

[0014] Furthermore, the main cable, the pontoon, the bridge deck, the anchor cable, the floating cable, the truss, the cross rib, and the pontoon beam are all made of carbon fiber material with good corrosion resistance.

[0015] Furthermore, the pontoon is equipped with a pontoon detection system for detecting the buoyancy and leakage of the pontoon, and a pontoon buoyancy adjustment system for adjusting the buoyancy of the pontoon. The bridge deck is equipped with a bridge load-bearing detection system for detecting the traffic flow distribution and weight distribution on the bridge deck, and the anchor cable is equipped with an anchor cable tension detection system.

[0016] This invention discloses a construction method for a long-distance suspended bridge at sea, comprising:

[0017] S1. For the anchorage construction, after determining the route, the construction plan for the anchorage is determined based on the seabed geological conditions, and construction is carried out.

[0018] S2. Lay out and install the anchor cable, connect the anchor cable to the anchor, and raise the other end to the shallow water surface by connecting the buoy.

[0019] S3. Lay out the main cable, use the buoy to float the main cable on the water surface, and lay and lower the main cable along the designed route. After the main cable is lowered, connect it to the anchor cable and the floating cable respectively.

[0020] S4. Deploy the pontoons. The prefabricated pontoons are deployed one by one along the designed route. The pontoons are continuously pulled down by the floating cables to sink to the set underwater depth. Then, the adjacent pontoons are fixedly connected together. Finally, the pontoon beam is installed on the pontoons.

[0021] S5. Lay out the truss beams, transport the prefabricated truss beams section by section to the designated pontoon, and sink them onto the suspended pontoon and install and fix them on the pontoon beams;

[0022] S6. Lay the bridge deck, a frame-type bridge deck is laid on the truss, and a mesh surface is laid on the top layer of the bridge deck.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. By suspending the pontoon in the seawater, the pontoon is unaffected by the wind and waves on the sea surface, ensuring that the pontoon can continuously and stably provide constant buoyancy.

[0025] 2. The truss beams and bridge deck supporting the bridge adopt a truss and mesh structure, which can effectively reduce the impact of wind and waves on the part of the bridge above the water, improve the stability of the bridge, and effectively adapt to complex sea conditions.

[0026] 3. All parts of the bridge are constructed using carbon fiber materials with good corrosion resistance, enabling the bridge to adapt to the highly corrosive conditions of the sea. In addition, the cables made of carbon fiber have higher tensile strength than steel cables, and the truss structure made of carbon fiber also has better strength. Furthermore, since the various parts of the bridge are located in or on the water, they have better fire protection conditions, and there is no need to worry about the flammability of carbon fiber materials.

[0027] 4. The underwater pontoon is fixed by anchor cables, main cables, cross ribs, and floating cables. The pontoon is underwater and the buoyancy is stable. When the bridge deck is unloaded, the tension of the cables is also stable. When vehicles pass over the bridge deck, the buoyancy of the pontoon is not changed, but the tension of the cables is reduced, thus ensuring the stability of the bridge deck. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Anchorage; 2. Main cable; 3. Floating box; 4. Bridge deck; 5. Anchor cable; 6. Floating cable; 7. Truss girder; 8. Cross rib; 9. Floating box girder; 10. Arc-shaped connector. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The core of this invention is to provide a long-distance suspended bridge at sea and its construction method, which overcomes problems such as long distance, deep seawater, harsh sea conditions and severe seabed geological conditions, so as to solve the problem of fast and efficient cross-sea transportation.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] Refer to the attached diagram. Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a long-distance suspended bridge at sea includes, from bottom to top, anchorages 1, main cables 2, pontoons 3, and a bridge deck 4. Several anchorages 1, spaced apart along the length of the bridge, are fixed to the seabed. Several main cables 2, continuously arranged along the length of the bridge, are placed in the seawater. Several main cables 2, spaced apart along the width of the bridge, are placed in the seawater. Several pontoons 3, continuously arranged along the length of the bridge, are placed in the seawater. The bridge deck 4 is placed above the sea surface. The anchorages 1 and the main cables 2 are connected by anchor cables 5. The main cables 2 and the pontoons 3 are connected by multiple spaced floating cables 6. In order to reduce the tension on the floating cables 6, the floating cables 6 are vertically placed in the middle of the main cables 2. The anchorages 1 are located at both ends of the main cables 2. The pontoons 3 provide buoyancy for the bridge. A truss beam 7 is installed on the pontoon beam 3, and the bridge deck 4 is laid on the truss beam 7.

[0038] By suspending the pontoon 3 in the seawater, the pontoon 3 is unaffected by the wind and waves on the sea surface, ensuring that the pontoon 3 can continuously and stably provide constant buoyancy, thus guaranteeing the stability of the bridge deck 4. Since the distance between two adjacent anchorages 1 along the length of the bridge is relatively large, the width of the pontoon 3 should not be too large in order to facilitate construction. Therefore, there are multiple pontoons 3 between two adjacent anchorages 1. By setting the main cable 2 and several spaced floating cables 6, the pontoons 3 can be connected to the main cable 2, and then the pontoons can be connected to the anchorages 1 through the main cable 2, which facilitates construction.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to ensure the firmness of the connection between the pontoons 3 and to ensure that the pontoons 3 are a whole, the upper surface of the pontoons 3 is provided with multiple grooves in the same direction as the bridge length. The pontoons 9 that are compatible with the grooves are laid in the grooves. The bottom of the truss 7 is fixedly connected to the pontoons 9, thereby evenly distributing the force transmitted from the bridge deck 4 to multiple pontoons 3.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, anchorages 1 are symmetrically arranged in pairs on both sides of the bridge deck 4, and main cables 2 are symmetrically arranged in pairs on both sides of the bridge deck 4. Since the anchorages 1 exert downward tension on both ends of the main cables 2 through anchor cables 5, while the pontoons 3 exert upward tension on the middle of the main cables 2 through floating cables 6, the main cables 2 eventually form an upwardly convex arch. Two adjacent main cables 2 arranged along the length of the bridge are connected by downwardly recessed arc-shaped connectors 10. The symmetrically arranged main cables 2 are connected together by transverse ribs 8 between the arc-shaped connectors 10. The anchorages 1 are connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped connectors 10 through anchor cables 5. To ensure the stability of the connection between the anchorages 1 and the main cables 2, each anchorage 1 is equipped with two anchor cables 5. One anchor cable 5 is connected to the anchorage 1 at one end and to the arc-shaped connector 10 on the same side at the other end. The other anchor cable 5 is connected to the anchorage 1 at one end and to the arc-shaped connector 10 on the opposite side at the other end.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pontoon 3 is configured as a cuboid structure. The length direction of the pontoon 3 is perpendicular to the length direction of the bridge deck 4. The centerline of the length direction of the pontoon 3 and the centerline of the bridge deck 4 are located in the same vertical plane. Several pontoons 3 are arranged horizontally along the length direction of the bridge deck 4. To further ensure that the connection between adjacent pontoons 3 is firm, the side of the pontoon 3 is a mortise and tenon structure. Two adjacent pontoons 3 are assembled together by mortise and tenon structure.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, to ensure the overall stability of the bridge, the top length of the pontoon 3 is greater than the width of the bridge deck 4, the distance between the two main cables 2 is slightly less than the bottom width of the pontoon 3, and the distance between the two symmetrically arranged anchors 1 is greater than the bottom width of the pontoon 3.

[0043] To effectively reduce the impact of wind and waves on the bridge deck 4 and truss 7 above the water, improve the stability of the bridge, and enable the bridge to effectively adapt to complex sea conditions, the bridge deck 4 is a truss structure. The truss structure is a mesh structure with small beams arranged between the main beams, decreasing in size step by step, and with small holes at the top.

[0044] The main cable 2, pontoon 3, bridge deck 4, anchor cable 5, floating cable 6, truss 7, cross rib 8, and pontoon beam 9, among other bridge components, all utilize corrosion-resistant carbon fiber materials. This allows the bridge structure to withstand the highly corrosive conditions of the sea. Furthermore, carbon fiber cables have higher tensile strength compared to steel cables, and carbon fiber truss structures also offer better strength. Additionally, since the bridge structure is located in or on the water, it has better fire resistance, eliminating concerns about the flammability of carbon fiber. Specific bridge components can also be constructed using corrosion-resistant materials such as polymers or composite materials.

[0045] The pontoon 3 is equipped with a pontoon detection system to monitor its buoyancy and leakage, and a pontoon buoyancy adjustment system to adjust its buoyancy. Specifically, the buoyancy adjustment system can be configured as an airbag installed on the pontoon 3, and the buoyancy of the pontoon 3 can be adjusted by inflating or deflating the airbag to ensure that the pontoon 3 does not sink under heavy traffic or that the bridge deck 4 is safe even when the pontoon 3 leaks. A bridge load-bearing detection system is installed on the bridge deck 4 to detect the distribution of traffic flow and weight. An anchor cable 5 is equipped with an anchor cable tension detection system to monitor the tension on the anchor cable 5 in real time and ensure that the tension on the anchor cable 5 is within a safe range. Specifically, the bridge load-bearing detection system detects the traffic flow and weight distribution on bridge deck 4. When the traffic flow and weight distribution are concentrated, if the load at the concentrated point exceeds the set load of the pontoon 3, the airbag is inflated to ensure that the pontoon 3 does not sink. The pontoon detection system detects the buoyancy and leakage of the pontoon 3. When the buoyancy of the pontoon 3 decreases due to water leakage, the airbag is inflated to adjust the buoyancy of the pontoon 3 and ensure the stability of bridge deck 4. The anchor cable tension detection system detects the tension on the anchor cable 5 in real time. If the tension on the anchor cable 5 is too high, the airbag is deflated to ensure that the tension on the anchor cable 5 is within a safe range.

[0046] This invention discloses a construction method for a long-distance suspended bridge at sea, comprising:

[0047] S1. Anchor 1 construction: After determining the route, the construction plan for anchor 1 is determined according to the seabed geological conditions, and construction is carried out. If the seabed is rock, the rock will be used as anchor 1. If the seabed is deep and soft mud and sand, a large cement anchor can be poured on land and moved to the design position on the water surface and sunk by means of floating tugboats, etc.

[0048] S2. Lay and install anchor cable 5, connect anchor cable 5 to anchor 1, and raise the other end to the shallow water surface through connecting buoy 3. If the rock is used as anchor 1, connect anchor cable 5 to the rock on the seabed. If it is a concrete anchor, connect anchor cable 5 to the concrete anchor before the concrete anchor sinks and sink with the concrete anchor.

[0049] S3. Lay the main cable 2. Use the buoy 3 to float the main cable 2 on the water surface and lay and lower the main cable 2 along the designed route. Before lowering the main cable 2, connect it together with the arc-shaped connector 10. The lowered main cable 2 and the arc-shaped connector 10 are connected to the floating cable 6 and the anchor cable 5 respectively. At this time, the other end of the floating cable 6 rises to the shallow water surface through the connecting buoy 3.

[0050] S4. Deploy the pontoons 3. Deploy the prefabricated pontoons 3 one by one along the designed route. After continuously pulling down the pontoons 3 with the floating cable 6, sink them to the set underwater depth and then fix the adjacent pontoons 3 together. Then install the pontoon beam 9 on the pontoons 3.

[0051] S5. Lay out the truss beam 7, transport the prefabricated truss beam 7 section by section to the designated pontoon 3, and sink it onto the suspended pontoon 3 and install and fix it on the pontoon beam 9.

[0052] S6. Lay bridge deck 4. Lay a frame-type bridge deck 4 on top of the truss beam 7, and lay a mesh surface on the top layer of the bridge deck 4. Example 2

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, a long-distance suspended bridge at sea and its construction method are described. Based on the above-described embodiment 1, the structural form of the pontoon 3 of the present invention is improved to form this embodiment. In the long-distance suspended bridge at sea of ​​the present invention, the pontoon 3 can also be set as a three-dimensional trapezoidal structure. The inclined surfaces of the pontoon 3 are located at both ends along the length direction of the pontoon 3 and the inclined surfaces face upwards. Because the upper surface of the pontoon 3 is convex, the airflow speed on the upper surface is fast, while the water flow speed is slow on the lower surface, according to Bernoulli's corollary: when the flow is at the same height, the flow velocity is high and the pressure is low. Therefore, the pressure on the upper surface of the pontoon 3 is less than the pressure on the lower surface, which increases the buoyancy of the pontoon 3 and reduces the impact of underwater currents on the pontoon 3.

[0054] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0055] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance suspended bridge over the sea, characterized in that: From bottom to top, the structure includes anchorages (1), main cables (2), pontoons (3), and a bridge deck (4). Several anchorages (1) arranged at intervals along the length of the bridge are fixed to the seabed. Several main cables (2) arranged continuously along the length of the bridge are placed in the seawater. Several main cables (2) are arranged at intervals along the width of the bridge. Several pontoons (3) arranged continuously along the length of the bridge are placed in the seawater. The bridge deck (4) is placed on the sea surface. In this bridge, the anchor (1) is connected to the main cable (2) by anchor cable (5), the main cable (2) is connected to the pontoon (3) by multiple spaced floating cables (6), the floating cables (6) are vertically arranged in the middle of the main cable (2), the anchor (1) is located at both ends of the main cable (2), the pontoon (3) provides buoyancy for the bridge, the pontoon (3) is provided with a truss beam (7), and the bridge deck (4) is laid on the truss beam (7); The upper surface of the pontoon (3) is provided with a number of grooves in the same direction as the length of the bridge. The pontoon beam (9) that is compatible with the groove is laid in the groove. The bottom of the truss beam (7) is fixedly connected to the pontoon beam (9). The anchorages (1) are arranged in pairs and symmetrically on both sides of the bridge deck (4). The main cables (2) are arranged in pairs and symmetrically on both sides of the bridge deck (4). The main cables (2) are arched upwards. The main cables (2) arranged along the length of the bridge are connected by downward-recessed arc-shaped connectors (10). The symmetrically arranged main cables (2) are connected together by the transverse ribs (8) between the arc-shaped connectors (10). The anchorages (1) are connected to the lower part of the arc-shaped connectors (10) by the anchor cables (5). Each anchorage (1) is provided with two anchor cables (5). One end of one anchor cable (5) is connected to the anchorage (1) and the other end is connected to the arc-shaped connector (10) on the same side. The other anchor cable (5) is connected to the anchorage (1) and the other end is connected to the arc-shaped connector (10) on the opposite side. The top length of the pontoon (3) is greater than the width of the bridge deck (4), the distance between the two main cables (2) is slightly less than the width of the bottom of the pontoon (3), and the distance between the two symmetrically arranged anchors (1) is greater than the width of the bottom of the pontoon (3). The pontoon (3) is equipped with a pontoon detection system for detecting the buoyancy and leakage of the pontoon (3) and a pontoon buoyancy adjustment system for adjusting the buoyancy of the pontoon (3). The bridge deck (4) is equipped with a bridge load-bearing detection system for detecting the traffic flow distribution and weight distribution of the bridge deck (4). The anchor cable (5) is equipped with an anchor cable tension detection system.

2. The long-distance suspended bridge over the sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pontoon (3) is configured as a cuboid structure. The length direction of the pontoon (3) is perpendicular to the length direction of the bridge deck (4). The centerline of the length direction of the pontoon (3) and the centerline of the bridge deck (4) are located in the same vertical plane. Several pontoons (3) are arranged horizontally along the length direction of the bridge deck (4). The side of the pontoon (3) is a mortise and tenon structure. Two adjacent pontoons (3) are assembled together by the mortise and tenon structure.

3. The long-distance suspended bridge over the sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pontoon (3) is configured as a three-dimensional trapezoidal structure. The inclined surfaces of the pontoon (3) are located at both ends along the length direction of the pontoon (3) and the inclined surfaces face upwards to reduce the impact of underwater currents on the pontoon (3).

4. The long-distance suspended bridge over the sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridge deck (4) is a truss structure, which consists of small beams arranged between large beams.

5. The long-distance suspended bridge over the sea according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main cable (2), the pontoon (3), the bridge deck (4), the anchor cable (5), the floating cable (6), the truss (7), the transverse rib (8), and the pontoon beam (9) are all made of carbon fiber material with good corrosion resistance.

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