A pressurization sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system

Abstract

This invention discloses a pressurized sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system, comprising a vertical shaft with an air storage cavity; a gravity component movably inserted into the air storage cavity to adjust its size; an air supply device; and a sealing structure positioned between the gravity component and the vertical shaft. The sealing structure includes a mounting portion, an elastic seal, and an air passage structure. The mounting portion is sealed to the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and has at least one ring of sealing cavities for fixing the elastic seal and communicating with the air storage cavity. The elastic seal includes a fixing portion fixed within the sealing cavity to divide it into two chambers, and a sealing portion connected to the fixing portion for contact with the gravity component to achieve a seal. Of the two chambers in the sealing cavity, the chamber located on the side of the fixing portion closer to the gravity component is the pressurized chamber, and the chamber located on the side of the fixing portion farther from the gravity component is the pressurized chamber. The air passage structure connects the pressurized chamber and the air supply device. It does not require a sealing membrane, utilizes air pressure to achieve a seal, and has good sealing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gravity compressed air energy storage technology, and specifically relates to a pressurization and sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CASS), as a large-scale clean physical energy storage technology, has great application potential in supporting the safe operation of the power grid and promoting the consumption of renewable energy. CASS systems achieve large-scale, zero-carbon energy storage by decoupling and recoupling the thermal and potential energy of compressed air. By switching between compressor unit energy storage and turbine unit power generation modes, it can provide ancillary services to the power grid such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, black start, and reactive power compensation, alleviating the pressure of dynamic load regulation of traditional generator units and providing services for the smoothing of fluctuations and the grid connection of wind and solar power curtailment for renewable energy generator units. Compared with pumped hydro storage, it has a shorter construction cycle, greater applicability, and greater flexibility; compared with other new energy storage technologies, it is more mature, larger in scale, and requires less investment.

[0003] The basic principle of gravity compressed air energy storage is as follows: During off-peak electricity demand, air is compressed to high pressure by a compressor unit and stored in a vertical shaft, converting electrical energy into the potential energy of compressed air. During peak electricity demand, the high-pressure air is heated and enters an expander, becoming air at normal pressure. In this process, it drives a generator to generate electricity, converting the air's compression potential energy into electrical energy output. Throughout the entire process, the air pressure inside the vertical shaft remains constant. The characteristics of gravity compressed air energy storage include: constant vertical shaft pressure, high expander efficiency, and high energy density of compressed air in the vertical shaft; the vertical shaft volume is significantly reduced, to about 15% of that of a conventional compressed air energy storage power station, allowing for flexible layout and not being limited by terrain; compared to independent gravity energy storage, the weight and size of the compressed blocks are significantly reduced.

[0004] Existing gravity compressed air energy storage systems adopt the structure of "A Gravity Compressed Air Energy Storage System Based on Adjustable Gravity Blocks" (application number 202210795064.X). This system includes a sealing membrane, which is sealed to the outer wall of the gravity components and the inner wall of the shaft, forming an air storage chamber with the sealing membrane, the space below the shaft, and the gravity components. During energy storage, electrical energy drives an air compressor unit, which supplies compressed air into the storage chamber. The pressure of the compressed air pushes the gravity components upwards. Upon energy release, the compressed air in the storage chamber is supplied to an air expander unit, which then drives the expander unit to generate electricity. This type of energy storage device has the following problems:

[0005] 1. During the energy storage and release process, the gravity component reciprocates within the shaft, causing the sealing membrane to tighten and loosen accordingly. This can easily cause the membrane to get stuck or tear in the gap between the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the shaft, resulting in damage to the sealing membrane.

[0006] 2. At the connection between the sealing membrane and the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the shaft, shear stress is borne by the gravity component and the megapascal-level high-pressure gas. The strength requirements of the thin-walled sealing membrane are extremely high, and special materials need to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of easy damage and extremely high performance requirements of sealing membranes in existing methods, this invention provides a pressurized sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system. This structure eliminates the need for a sealing membrane, achieving sealing through air pressure and providing excellent sealing performance.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] This invention provides a pressurization and sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system, comprising:

[0010] A vertical shaft, the vertical shaft having a gas storage chamber, the gas storage chamber having an adjustment port.

[0011] A gravity component is movably inserted into the adjustment cavity to adjust the size of the gas storage cavity;

[0012] A gas supply device, the gas supply device being used to provide gas pressure;

[0013] A sealing structure is provided, which is placed between the gravity component and the vertical shaft. The sealing structure includes a mounting part, an elastic seal, and a gas passage structure. The mounting part is sealed to the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and the mounting part is provided with at least one ring of sealing cavities for fixing the elastic seal and communicating with the gas storage cavity. The elastic seal includes a fixing part fixed in the sealing cavity to divide the sealing cavity into two cavities, and a sealing part connected to the fixing part for contacting the gravity component to achieve a seal. Of the two cavities of the sealing cavity, the cavity located on the side of the fixing part closer to the gravity component is the pressurized cavity, and the cavity located on the side of the fixing part away from the gravity component is the pressurized cavity. The gas passage structure is used to connect the pressurized cavity and the gas supply equipment.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0015] This solution uses a gas supply device to pressurize the chamber. Under the pressure of the gas, the sealing part expands and deforms towards the gravity component, pushing against the side wall of the gravity component to achieve a seal. This sealing structure is stable and has good sealing performance; the entire structure does not require a sealing membrane structure. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the state of the air storage chamber of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention when it is not compressed;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram showing the use of a single elastic seal in a sealing structure, where the components are mainly identified.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure, wherein the diagram is consistent with... Figure 2 The main focus is on size labeling;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a sealing structure using three elastic seals;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second guide structure;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a state diagram of the buffer structure when it is not compressed;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a state diagram of the buffer structure when it is compressed;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a gas supply equipment;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the state of the air storage chamber of the gravity compressed air energy storage system of the present invention when it is compressed. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0029] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] This invention discloses a pressurization and sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system, which does not require a sealing membrane and exhibits strong operational stability. For example... Figures 1 to 2As shown, the pressurization and sealing structure of the gravity compressed air energy storage system includes a vertical shaft 1, a gravity component, a sealing structure 3, and an air supply device 8. The vertical shaft 1 has an air storage chamber 11, which has an air storage port and an adjustment port. The air storage port is used to connect the air supply device. The gravity component is placed at the adjustment port to achieve sealing of the adjustment port and adjustment of the size of the air storage chamber 11. There are many ways to implement the air storage port in this scheme, which are not specifically shown here. The sealing structure is placed at the air storage port, between the vertical shaft 1 and the gravity component, to enhance the sealing performance between the two.

[0033] The sealing structure 3 includes a mounting part, an elastic seal, and a gas passage structure 31. The mounting part is sealed to the inner wall of the shaft. The mounting part has at least one ring of sealing cavities for fixing the elastic seal and communicating with the gas storage chamber. The elastic seal includes a fixing part 321 fixed within the sealing cavity, dividing the sealing cavity into two chambers, and a sealing part 322 connected to the fixing part 321 for contact with the gravity component to achieve a seal. Of the two chambers of the sealing cavity, the chamber located on the side of the fixing part closer to the gravity component is the pressurized chamber 331, and the chamber located on the side of the fixing part away from the gravity component is the pressurized chamber 332. The gas passage structure connects the pressurized chamber 332 and the gas supply equipment.

[0034] Using the above structure, air is supplied to the pressurization chamber 332 through the air supply device. Under the pushing action of the gas pressure, the sealing part 322 expands and deforms towards the gravity component side, pushing against the side wall of the gravity component, thereby achieving a seal. This sealing structure is stable and has good sealing performance. The entire structure does not require a sealing membrane structure and is structurally stable.

[0035] The gas supply equipment is the main gas supply equipment. In order to avoid the sealing performance being affected by the failure of the main gas supply equipment, the gas circuit structure is also used to connect the pressurization chamber and the gas storage chamber. A one-way valve 311 is provided on the gas circuit structure. The one-way valve 311 only allows the gas storage chamber 11 to flow to the pressurization chamber 332 side, so as to ensure the sealing effect of the sealing structure.

[0036] The gas passage connects the pressurization chamber and the gas storage chamber. Since the gas storage chamber of the gravity compressed air energy storage system has a constant pressure, when the main gas supply equipment fails, the gas storage chamber is filled with gas into the pressurization chamber 332 through the gas passage structure. Under the driving force of the gas pressure, the sealing part 322 expands and deforms towards the gravity component side, pushing against the side wall of the gravity component, thereby achieving a seal.

[0037] Based on the above structure, the mounting section can be implemented using various structures. For ease of installation, such as... Figure 2As shown, the mounting part includes a base plate 341, a pressure plate 342, and a connecting structure 343 for connecting the base plate and the pressure plate. A sealing cavity is formed between the base plate and the pressure plate, and a fixing groove communicating with the sealing cavity and used to fix the fixing part 321.

[0038] To improve the sealing performance of the sealing structure, there can be multiple gas passage structures, evenly arranged around the vertical shaft.

[0039] The connection structure 343 can be implemented using various methods, such as bonding. To enhance structural stability, methods such as... Figure 2 The bolts shown are used for fixing.

[0040] In order to effectively push the sealing part 322 toward the gravity component side, such as Figure 3 As shown, the width B of the opening of the pressurized chamber, which is connected to the gas storage chamber and is used to accommodate the sealing part, is smaller than the width A of the pressurized chamber. Since both the sealing chamber and the elastic seal are annular, the width mentioned in this design refers to the axial direction along the gravity assembly. The pressure plate 342 is placed inside the base plate 341, which has a through-hole structure to form the opening of the pressurized chamber. Since the width B of the opening of the pressurized chamber is smaller than the width A of the pressurized chamber, that is, the area of ​​the opening of the pressurized chamber is smaller than the area of ​​the pressurized chamber, the gas pressure inside the gas storage chamber 11 is constant at P. Under the action of pressure P, the elastic seal expands and deforms towards the pressurized chamber side, thereby improving the reliability of pushing the sealing part 322.

[0041] To improve the stability of gas pressurization, based on any of the above structures, an air inlet plate 351, a buffer cavity 353, and a gas equalization plate 354 are sequentially arranged on the substrate. The gas equalization plate 354 has a first through hole 355 for connecting the buffer cavity 353 and the pressurization cavity 332, and the air inlet plate 351 has a second through hole 352 for connecting the gas path structure 31 and the buffer cavity 353. By setting up the buffer cavity for buffering and using the gas equalization plate 354 to achieve uniform gas pressure regulation, the stability of the elastic seal adjustment is improved. The density of the first through hole is greater than the density of the second through hole.

[0042] Using the above-described buffer cavity structure, the air inlet plate and the substrate are detachably connected for ease of processing. The air distribution plate 354 and the substrate are an integral structure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, a stepped structure can be provided at the opening of the buffer chamber, and the air intake plate is placed directly on the step, abutting against the base plate and the inner wall of the shaft.

[0043] The elastic seal is fixed within the sealing cavity, and there are many ways to fix it. Based on any of the above structures, to enhance the stability and airtightness of the elastic seal, the fixing groove has an "I"-shaped cross-section. For example... Figure 2As shown, both ends of the fixing part are "I"-shaped and are fitted into the fixing groove. The "I"-shaped fixing part not only enhances the stability of the connection when the sealing part 322 expands and deforms towards the gravity component, but also enhances the airtightness.

[0044] During the air pressure sealing process, the elastic seal will deform, especially the fixed part. To address this, the elastic seal can be made of 005 rubber with lower hardness to achieve greater outward extension. To further enhance airtightness, a sealing reinforcement 323 is connected to the end of the sealing part. The sealing reinforcement 323 can be made of rubber with higher hardness, higher toughness, higher elasticity, and lower friction, or a metal material such as Babbitt metal.

[0045] To ensure reliable airtightness using the above structure, multiple sealing cavities, such as two, three, or more, can be provided on the mounting section. Correspondingly, the air path structure includes a main air path and multiple branch air paths, each branch air path connecting to a sealing cavity. For example... Figure 4 As shown, this illustrates an example using three sealed cavities.

[0046] The gas storage chamber can be designed in various ways. For example, it can be a straight-through chamber with equal diameters throughout. However, with this design, the gas path needs to be relatively long to prevent the gravity assembly from blocking it as it descends. For instance, one end of the gas path can be placed at the bottom of the gas storage chamber. To facilitate the design of the gas path, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the gas storage chamber includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber connected in sequence. The sealing structure is located in the first chamber section. The diameter of the third chamber is larger than that of the first chamber. The diameter of the second chamber has a gradually changing structure. One end of the gas passage structure is connected to the second chamber. That is, the diameter of the second chamber gradually increases from the first chamber to the third chamber. Setting the gas passage structure in this chamber section avoids blocking the gas passage structure when the gravity component moves downwards, and also creates a gas collecting groove 4 in the second chamber section. The high-pressure gas in the gas storage chamber is collected in the gas collecting groove 4 and then enters the sealed chamber through the gas passage structure.

[0047] To improve the stability of the gravity component's movement and prevent excessive radial tilting during inflation and deflation, which could lead to operational instability and affect the sealing effect, a second guide structure 6 can be installed at the end of the sealing structure. This second guide structure is positioned between the gravity component and the shaft. It guides the movement of the gravity component. Specifically, as shown... Figure 5As shown, the second guide structure includes a fixed plate 61, a guide plate 62 placed inside the fixed plate, and a connector 63 for connecting the fixed guide plate 62 and the fixed plate 61. The inner wall of the guide plate 62 is in contact with the gravity component. There is a small gap between the guide plate 62 and the gravity component, the size of which is determined by the requirements for stable operation and reliable sealing of the gravity component, and is less than 2 mm.

[0048] To improve the stability of the gravity component's vertical movement and prevent tipping, a first guide structure is also included. The first guide structure is positioned outside the adjustment cavity and connected to the gravity component, guiding its movement, enhancing its operational stability, and preventing tipping accidents during reciprocating motion.

[0049] The gravity assembly includes a pressure-bearing cylinder 21 movably inserted into the adjustment cavity and a gravity block 22 connected to the pressure-bearing cylinder. The first guide structure includes a guide rail 71, a frame 72 for fixing the gravity block 22, and guide wheels 73 disposed on the frame 72 and placed on the guide rail 71. Using a guide rail to guide the gravity block up and down from both sides or around its perimeter improves stability and prevents the gravity block from tipping over.

[0050] To reduce the impact force when the gravity block 22 and frame 72 collide with the shaft during downward movement, a buffer structure 74 is installed on the upper surface of the shaft. The buffer structure 74 can be made of materials such as rubber pads or foam pads to mitigate the impact.

[0051] To further improve the buffering effect, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the buffer structure 74 includes a frame 741 and an air spring 742. A buffer groove 12 for mounting the buffer structure and a support 13 placed on one side of the buffer groove are provided on the shaft. The bottom end of the frame 741 is engaged in the buffer groove, and the air spring is placed inside the frame. Figure 6 As shown, this is the state when the buffer structure 74 is not pressed down by the frame 72 and the gravity block 22. After the frame 72 and the gravity block 22 move down and contact the buffer structure 74, the frame 741 and the air spring are pressed down, the air spring is compressed, and the frame moves down along the buffer groove 12, as shown. Figure 7 As shown.

[0052] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, an air collection chamber 312 can be set in the air passage structure, and multiple air filling pipes can be connected to the air collection chamber 312 to realize the setting of the air passage structure.

[0053] There are many ways to implement gas supply equipment, such as Figure 8As shown, the system includes an air compressor 81, a filter 82, a first switching unit 83, an air tank 84, a second switching unit, a flow meter 85, a flow regulating valve 86, a check valve 87, and a pressure detection unit 88, all connected sequentially via an air supply pipe. The air tank is equipped with a pressure transmitter 841 and a pressure switch 842. The rear end of the pressure detection unit 88 is connected to the air circuit structure.

[0054] Preferably, the first switching unit can be a ball valve.

[0055] For example, the second switching unit adopts two parallel branches. A first ball valve 891 is installed on one branch, and a second ball valve 892, a solenoid valve 893, and a third ball valve 894 are installed in sequence on the other branch.

[0056] A fourth ball valve 90 and a fifth ball valve 91 are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the branch where the flow meter 85 and the flow regulating valve 86 are located. A branch is connected to the front end of the fourth ball valve 90 and the rear end of the fifth ball valve 91, and a sixth ball valve 92 is installed on this branch.

[0057] The check valve only allows gas to flow from the air compressor 81 side to the gas path structure side, ensuring the stability of the sealing structure.

[0058] By adopting the above-mentioned air supply equipment structure, the expansion and contraction of the elastic seal and the airtightness can be judged according to the air pressure fluctuation in the air circuit structure, thereby controlling the start and stop of the air compressor 81 to replenish air into the sealing structure to ensure the airtightness of the sealing structure.

[0059] The solenoid valve 893 serves as a safety protection mechanism. When the air supply equipment malfunctions, the air compressor 81 cannot shut down in time and continues to work. The resulting pressurized gas increases the pressure inside the air tank, and the high-pressure gas is discharged through the pressure switch 842 of the air tank.

[0060] The gas supply equipment uses flow meters, pressure transmitters, and pressure switches to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve 86 and control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 893.

[0061] When solenoid valve 893 needs maintenance, close the second ball valve 892 and the third ball valve 894, and open the first ball valve 891 to ensure the normal operation of the sealing structure.

[0062] When the flow regulating valve 86 needs maintenance, close the front end of the fourth ball valve 90 and the fifth ball valve 91, and open the sixth ball valve 92 to ensure the normal operation of the sealing structure.

[0063] The pressurized and sealed structure of the gravity compressed air energy storage system described above compresses air to high pressure through a compressor unit during off-peak electricity periods, storing it in the storage chamber 11 through the storage port. This converts electrical energy into the potential energy of the compressed air. Figure 1 As shown.

[0064] During peak electricity demand, high-pressure air is heated and enters an expander, where it is reduced to atmospheric pressure. This process drives a generator to produce electricity, converting the air's compressive potential energy into electrical energy output. Throughout this process, the air pressure inside the storage chamber remains constant. During this process, the pressure-bearing cylinder moves downwards along the guide structure, gradually reducing the volume of the storage chamber, and the air's compressive potential energy is converted into electrical energy, such as... Figure 9 As shown. It should be noted that other components of this gravity compressed air energy storage system are not involved in this scheme, and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressurized sealing structure for a gravity compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, include: A vertical shaft, the vertical shaft having a gas storage chamber, the gas storage chamber having an adjustment port. A gravity component, which is movably inserted into the adjustment cavity to adjust the size of the gas storage cavity; and a gas supply device, which is used to provide gas pressure. A sealing structure is provided, positioned between the gravity component and the vertical shaft. The sealing structure includes a mounting portion, an elastic seal, and a gas passage structure. The mounting portion is sealed to the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and has at least one ring of sealing cavities for fixing the elastic seal and communicating with the gas storage cavity. The elastic seal includes a fixing portion fixed within the sealing cavity to divide the sealing cavity into two cavities, and a sealing portion connected to the fixing portion for contacting the gravity component to achieve a seal. Of the two cavities in the sealing cavity, the cavity located on the side of the fixing portion closer to the gravity component is the pressurized cavity, and the cavity located on the side of the fixing portion farther from the gravity component is the pressurized cavity. The gas passage structure is used to connect the pressurized cavity and the gas supply equipment.

2. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting part includes a base plate, a pressure plate, and a connecting structure for connecting the base plate and the pressure plate. A sealing cavity is formed between the base plate and the pressure plate, and a fixing groove communicating with the sealing cavity and used to fix the mounting part.

3. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressurized chamber is connected to the gas storage chamber, and the width of the opening used to accommodate the sealing part is smaller than the width of the pressurized chamber.

4. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air inlet plate, a buffer cavity, and an air distribution plate are sequentially arranged on the substrate. The air distribution plate is provided with a first through hole for connecting the buffer cavity and the pressurization cavity, and the air inlet plate is provided with a second through hole for connecting the air passage structure and the buffer cavity.

5. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas path structure is also used to connect the pressurization chamber and the gas storage chamber, and the gas path structure is provided with a one-way valve that only allows gas to flow from the gas storage chamber to the pressurization chamber.

6. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas storage cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity connected in sequence. The sealing structure is disposed in the first cavity section. The diameter of the third cavity is larger than the diameter of the first cavity. The diameter of the second cavity has a gradually changing structure. One end of the gas passage structure is connected to the second cavity.

7. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first guide structure, which is placed outside the adjustment cavity and connected to the gravity component.

8. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gravity assembly includes a pressure-bearing cylinder that is movably inserted into the regulating cavity and a gravity block connected to the pressure-bearing cylinder; The first guide structure includes a guide rail, a frame for fixing the gravity block, and a guide wheel disposed on the frame and placed on the guide rail.

9. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A buffer structure is provided on the upper surface of the shaft, and a buffer groove for installing the buffer structure and a support pier placed on one side of the buffer groove are provided on the shaft. The buffer structure includes a frame whose bottom end is locked in the buffer groove and an air spring placed inside the frame.

10. The pressurized sealing structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas supply equipment includes an air compressor, a filter, a first switching unit, a gas storage tank, a second switching unit, a flow meter, a flow regulating valve, a check valve, and a pressure detection unit, which are connected in sequence through a gas pipeline. The gas storage tank is equipped with a pressure transmitter and a pressure switch.

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