Petroleum-based heavy oil cracking treatment device and treatment method

Abstract

The application discloses a petroleum heavy oil cracking treatment device and treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of heavy oil lightening. The device is characterized by the following: multiple vertically arranged cracking sleeves are arranged in an outer cylinder to divide the outer cylinder into multiple small spaces; a gas guide sleeve with multiple groups of stirring blades is additionally arranged on a condensing straight pipe and is rotatably connected with the cracking sleeve; the multiple groups of stirring blades play a stirring role on heavy oil raw materials in the cracking cavity during rotation; multiple heating devices two are additionally arranged on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder and are staggered with the heating devices one; the inner end of the heating device two is provided with a heat conduction fan plate penetrating into the cracking sleeve; the multiple groups of stirring blades rotate in opposite directions with the multiple groups of heat conduction fan plates during rotation, so that the stirring effect on the heavy oil raw materials is effectively improved, the friction and collision between macromolecules of the heavy oil raw materials are intensified, and heat is further uniformly transmitted to the heavy oil raw materials during stirring, so that the macromolecules in the heavy oil are more likely to absorb external energy and crack.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lightening heavy oil, more particularly, to a petroleum heavy oil cracking treatment device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Heavy oil cracking treatment refers to converting high molecular weight heavy oil into lower molecular weight products through a petroleum cracking reaction process. In petroleum cracking, heavy oil is heated to cause its molecules to break and generate smaller molecules, which can be used to produce gasoline, diesel, lubricating oil and other valuable petrochemical products. The cracking reaction is usually carried out at high temperature and pressure, and a catalyst is used to accelerate the reaction rate.

[0003] In order to achieve more raw materials for one-time cracking, a larger diameter cracking reaction device is generally used. Based on the fact that heavy oil has a certain viscosity, it has poor flowability in a cracking reaction device with too large a diameter, which can easily cause uneven heating and thus low pyrolysis rate.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a petroleum heavy oil cracking treatment device and method to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the above problems and provides a petroleum heavy oil cracking treatment device and method. The device is characterized by arranging a plurality of cracking sleeves vertically in the outer cylinder to divide the outer cylinder into a plurality of small spaces, and arranging a plurality of groups of stirring leaves on the gas guide sleeve which is rotatably arranged on the condensing straight pipe and has a plurality of groups of heat-conducting fan plates. The plurality of groups of stirring leaves rotate in opposite directions with the plurality of groups of heat-conducting fan plates, effectively improving the stirring effect of the heavy oil raw material, intensifying the friction and collision between the large molecules of the heavy oil raw material, and further uniformly transferring heat to the heavy oil raw material during stirring, so that the large molecules in the heavy oil are more likely to absorb external energy and crack.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: A petroleum-based heavy oil cracking treatment device, comprising an outer cylinder with a cap, wherein multiple heating devices are circumferentially distributed on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder, and a condenser straight pipe extending into the outer cylinder is rotatably mounted on the cap via a driving structure, a support cylinder that rotates opposite to the bottom end of the outer cylinder is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the outer cylinder, and a plurality of gas guide sleeves communicating with the interior of the condenser straight pipe are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the condenser straight pipe, and a cracking sleeve that is movably sleeved on the outer end wall of each gas guide sleeve is rotatably mounted at the bottom end of each gas guide sleeve, and a cracking chamber communicating with the interior of the gas guide sleeve is provided inside the cracking sleeve, and a pair of cracking sleeves arranged vertically adjacent to each other are fitted together by a docking ring, a feed pipe that penetrates the inner wall of the plurality of cracking sleeves is fitted on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder, and a plurality of discharge pipes communicating with the inner bottom wall of the cracking sleeves are fitted on the other end wall of the outer cylinder;

[0007] A water-cooling pipe is movably installed on the top wall of the condenser straight pipe. The bottom end of the water-cooling pipe passes through the condenser straight pipe and the bottom end of the support cylinder in sequence and is fixedly connected to a circulation pipe. The outer end of the circulation pipe is connected to a refrigeration device that is also connected to the water-cooling pipe. The bottom wall of each gas guide sleeve is also fixedly connected to multiple sets of stirring blades placed in the pyrolysis chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive structure includes a drive motor fixedly installed on the top of the head, and gears that mesh with each other are fixedly sleeved on the drive end of the drive motor and the outer end wall of the condenser straight tube, and a pair of gears are embedded in the top wall of the head.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas guide sleeve has an annular flow cavity with an opening at the lower end, and the middle end wall of the pyrolysis sleeve has a rotating groove that is rotatably installed with the bottom end wall of the gas guide sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the gas guide sleeve has multiple air inlets 2 connected to the annular flow cavity on the end wall of the side of the condenser straight pipe, and multiple air inlets 1 corresponding to the positions of the air inlets 2 are opened on the end wall of the condenser straight pipe. The gas guide sleeve realizes the interconnection between the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis sleeve and the interior of the condenser straight pipe. The heavy oil feedstock is heated in the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis sleeve. The small molecule oil gas formed after being heated to high temperature is introduced into the condenser straight pipe through the annular flow cavity, air inlets 2 and air inlets 1, and cooled by the water cooling pipe in the condenser straight pipe. The small molecule liquefied oil formed after cooling is discharged with the displacement pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the condenser straight tube is made of heat-insulating material, and the plurality of pyrolysis sleeves are made of heat-resistant material, with a water-cooling jacket also embedded inside the pyrolysis sleeve.

[0012] Further, the uppermost cracking sleeve is embedded with a sealing plate connected with the air guide sleeve, and the bottom end of the lowermost cracking sleeve is fixedly installed with an embedded column embedded with the inner bottom of the outer cylinder. After the condensing straight pipe with multiple cracking sleeves is placed in the outer cylinder, the bottom end of the condensing straight pipe is rotationally communicated with the supporting cylinder, the lowermost cracking sleeve is embedded and installed with the inner bottom of the head, and multiple cracking sleeves are stably installed in the outer cylinder under the action of gravity. When the driving structure drives the condensing straight pipe, the condensing straight pipe can drive the stirring blades below the multiple air guide sleeves to rotate, and the stirring blades can stir the heavy oil raw materials in the cracking chamber during rotation.

[0013] Further, a heating device two is embedded on the outer wall of the outer cylinder between the adjacent two heating devices, and the inner end of the heating device two is provided with multiple heat conduction structures extending through the inside of the cracking sleeve and matched with the stirring blades.

[0014] Further, the heat conduction structure includes a heat conduction fan plate fixedly connected to the inner end of the heating device two, the heat conduction fan plate is provided with a hollow groove matched with the stirring blade, and the heat conduction fan plate is further embedded with a heating pipe electrically connected with the heating device two and staggered distributed with the hollow groove. While heating the outside of the outer cylinder, the heat conduction fan plate with the heating pipe directly transmits heat to the cracking chamber of the cracking sleeve, enhances the heating effect, and multiple groups of stirring blades cooperate with multiple groups of heat conduction fan plates during rotation, effectively improves the stirring effect of the heavy oil raw materials in the cracking chamber, intensifies the friction and collision between the heavy oil raw materials, and uniformly transmits heat to the heavy oil raw materials during stirring, so that the macromolecules in the heavy oil can more easily absorb external energy and crack.

[0015] A petroleum heavy oil cracking treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step one: first, a proper amount of heavy oil raw materials is introduced into the inside of multiple cracking sleeves through a feeding pipe, the heavy oil raw materials do not pass through the condensing straight pipe, and the cooperation of the heating device one, the heating device two and the heating pipe is used for heating treatment of the heavy oil raw materials in the cracking chamber;

[0017] Step two: during the cracking process, the driving motor is started, the driving motor drives the condensing straight pipe to rotate through a pair of gears, the condensing straight pipe drives the stirring blades on the multiple air guide sleeves to rotate synchronously, and multiple groups of stirring blades are respectively arranged in the cracking chambers of the multiple cracking sleeves to stir the heavy oil raw materials and intensify the friction and collision between the macromolecules of the heavy oil raw materials;

[0018] Step three: during the high-temperature cracking process, the generated small molecule oil gas is introduced into the condensing straight pipe through the air guide sleeve, and is cooled and cooled by the water cooling pipe in the condensing straight pipe. The small molecule liquefied oil formed after condensation is discharged through the displacement pipe;

[0019] Step 4: The incompletely cracked macromolecular heavy oil residue is discharged out through the discharge pipe.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0021] (1) This scheme involves setting multiple vertically arranged pyrolysis sleeves inside the outer cylinder. The multiple vertically arranged pyrolysis sleeves are rotatably installed on the condenser straight pipe embedded in the outer cylinder. The multiple pyrolysis sleeves divide the large space inside the outer cylinder into multiple small spaces. A gas guide sleeve with multiple sets of stirring blades is added to the condenser straight pipe and rotatably installed with the pyrolysis sleeves. During the rotation of the multiple sets of stirring blades, the heavy oil feedstock in the pyrolysis chamber is efficiently stirred, which increases the fluidity of the heavy oil feedstock and promotes the uniform heating of the heavy oil feedstock. The small molecule oil gas generated during the high-temperature pyrolysis process is directly introduced into the condenser straight pipe through the gas guide sleeve and cooled by the water cooling pipe in the condenser straight pipe. The small molecule liquefied oil formed after condensation is discharged with the replacement pipe.

[0022] (2) In this scheme, multiple heating devices II are added to the outer end wall of the outer cylinder, which are distributed in an alternating manner with heating device I. The inner end of heating device II is provided with heat-conducting fan plates that penetrate into the cracking sleeve. While heating the outer cylinder, the heat-conducting fan plates with heating pipes are used to directly transfer heat to the cracking chamber of the cracking sleeve, thereby enhancing the heating effect. During the rotation of multiple sets of stirring blades, they cooperate with multiple sets of heat-conducting fan plates. The two rotate in an alternating manner, which effectively improves the stirring effect on the heavy oil raw material in the cracking chamber, intensifies the friction and collision between the macromolecules of the heavy oil raw material, and further evenly transfers heat to the heavy oil raw material during the stirring process, making it easier for the macromolecules in the heavy oil to absorb external energy and crack. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer cylinder and multiple sets of pyrolysis sleeves when the present invention is disassembled;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the lower pyrolysis sleeve is separated from the condenser straight tube;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the junction of the condenser straight pipe and one of the air guide sleeves of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat-conducting fan plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram;

[0031] Figure 9 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The structural diagram at point B in the diagram.

[0033] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0034] 1. Outer cylinder; 101. External through groove; 2. End cap; 3. Cracking sleeve; 301. Docking ring; 302. Rotating groove; 303. Internal through hole; 304. Sealing plate; 4. Condensing straight pipe; 401. Air inlet one; 5. Gear; 6. Drive motor; 7. Air guide sleeve; 701. Air inlet two; 8. Stirring blade; 9. Heating device one; 10. Heat-conducting fan plate; 11. Feed pipe; 12. Discharge pipe; 13. Support cylinder; 14. Water cooling pipe; 15. Circulation pipe; 16. Replacement pipe; 17. Heating device two; 18. Heating pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0036] This invention discloses a petroleum-based heavy oil cracking treatment device. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 The device includes an outer cylinder 1 with a head 2. Multiple heating devices 17 are distributed in a ring on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder 1 for heating the interior of the outer cylinder 1. A condenser straight tube 4 extending into the interior of the outer cylinder 1 is rotatably mounted on the head 2 via a drive structure. A support cylinder 13 that rotates relative to the bottom end of the condenser straight tube 4 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the outer cylinder 1. The drive structure includes a drive motor 6 fixedly mounted on the top end of the head 2. Gears 5 that mesh with each other are fixedly sleeved on the drive end of the drive motor 6 and the outer end wall of the condenser straight tube 4. A pair of gears 5 are embedded in the top wall of the head 2.

[0037] Please see Figures 3-5Multiple gas guide sleeves 7 are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the condenser straight tube 4 and connected to its interior. Each gas guide sleeve 7 has a rotatably mounted pyrolysis sleeve 3 that is movably sleeved on the outer end wall of the condenser straight tube 4 at its bottom end. The pyrolysis sleeve 3 has a pyrolysis cavity that is connected to the interior of the gas guide sleeve 7. The gas guide sleeve 7 has an annular flow cavity with an opening at the lower end. The middle end wall of the pyrolysis sleeve 3 has a rotating groove 302 that is rotatably mounted to the bottom end wall of the gas guide sleeve 7.

[0038] A pair of adjacent pyrolysis sleeves 3 are installed together by a docking ring 301. The end wall of the air guide sleeve 7, which is attached to the side of the condenser straight tube 4, has multiple air inlets 2 701 that are connected to the annular flow cavity. The end wall of the condenser straight tube 4 has multiple air inlets 1 401 that are corresponding to the positions of the air inlets 2 701. The pyrolysis cavity of the pyrolysis sleeve 3 and the interior of the condenser straight tube 4 are connected through the air guide sleeve 7. The outer end wall of the outer cylinder 1 is fitted with a feed pipe 11 that penetrates the inner wall of the multiple pyrolysis sleeves 3. The other end wall of the outer cylinder 1 is fitted with multiple discharge pipes 12 that are connected to the inner bottom wall of the pyrolysis sleeves 3. A suitable amount of heavy oil raw material is injected into the multiple pyrolysis sleeves 3 through the feed pipes 11. The heavy oil raw material is heated in the pyrolysis cavity of the pyrolysis sleeve 3.

[0039] Please see Figures 7-10 A water-cooling pipe 14 is movably installed on the top wall of the condenser straight pipe 4. The bottom end of the water-cooling pipe 14 passes through the bottom end of the condenser straight pipe 4 and the support cylinder 13 and is fixedly connected to a circulation pipe 15. A refrigeration device, also connected to the water-cooling pipe 14, is connected to the outer end of the circulation pipe 15. The condenser straight pipe 4 is made of heat-insulating material, and multiple pyrolysis sleeves 3 are made of heat-resistant material. A water-cooling jacket is also embedded inside the pyrolysis sleeves 3. Multiple sets of stirring blades 8 placed in the pyrolysis chamber are fixedly connected to the bottom wall of each gas guide sleeve 7. During the pyrolysis process, the drive motor 6 is started. The drive motor 6 drives the condenser straight tube 4 to rotate through a pair of gears 5. The condenser straight tube 4 drives the stirring blades 8 on multiple sets of air guide sleeves 7 to rotate synchronously. The multiple sets of stirring blades 8 are placed in the cracking chambers of multiple cracking sleeves 3 to stir the heavy oil feedstock. The small molecule oil gas formed after being heated at high temperature is introduced into the condenser straight tube 4 through the annular flow chamber, the second air inlet 701, and the first air inlet 401. It is then cooled by the water cooling pipe 14 in the condenser straight tube 4. The small molecule liquefied oil formed after cooling is discharged with the replacement pipe 16.

[0040] It should be added that a sealing plate 304 that is movably connected to the gas guide sleeve 7 is embedded on the uppermost cracking sleeve 3, and an embedding column that is embedded in the bottom of the outer cylinder 1 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lowermost cracking sleeve 3. After the condensing straight pipe 4 with multiple cracking sleeves 3 is placed in the outer cylinder 1, the bottom end of the condensing straight pipe 4 is rotatably connected to the support cylinder 13. The lowermost cracking sleeve 3 is embedded in the bottom of the end cap 2, so that multiple cracking sleeves 3 are stably installed in the outer cylinder 1 under the action of gravity. When the condensing straight pipe 4 is driven by the driving structure, the condensing straight pipe 4 can drive the stirring blades 8 below the multiple gas guide sleeves 7 to rotate. During the rotation, the stirring blades 8 stir the heavy oil feedstock in the cracking chamber. Example 2

[0041] Based on Example 1, this embodiment adds multiple heating devices 2 9 to the outer end wall of the outer cylinder 1, which are staggered with the heating device 17. The inner end of the heating device 2 9 is provided with a heat-conducting fan plate 10 that penetrates into the pyrolysis sleeve to enhance the heating and stirring effects, as detailed below:

[0042] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 6 , Figure 7 Between two adjacent heating devices 17, there is also a second heating device 9 embedded in the outer wall of the outer cylinder 1. The inner end of the second heating device 9 is provided with multiple heat-conducting structures that extend through to the inside of the pyrolysis sleeve 3 and match the stirring blade 8.

[0043] The heat-conducting structure includes a heat-conducting fan plate 10 fixedly connected to the inner end of the second heating device 9. The heat-conducting fan plate 10 has a slot that matches the stirring blade 8. The heat-conducting fan plate 10 is also embedded with multiple heating tubes 18 that are electrically connected to the second heating device 9 and are distributed alternately with the slots. By adding multiple second heating devices 9 that are distributed alternately with the first heating device 17 on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder 1, and the inner end of the second heating device 9 is provided with a heat-conducting fan plate 10 that penetrates into the cracking sleeve, the heat-conducting fan plate 10 with heating tubes 18 can directly transfer heat to the cracking chamber of the cracking sleeve 3 while heating the outside of the outer cylinder 1, thus enhancing the heating effect. During the rotation of the multiple sets of stirring blades 8, they cooperate with the multiple sets of heat-conducting fan plates 10 to effectively improve the stirring effect on the heavy oil feedstock in the cracking chamber, intensify the friction and collision between the large molecules of the heavy oil feedstock, and evenly transfer heat to the heavy oil feedstock during the stirring process, making it easier for the large molecules in the heavy oil to absorb external energy and crack.

[0044] In conjunction with Examples 1-2, a method for cracking heavy petroleum oil includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: First, a suitable amount of heavy oil raw material is introduced into the interior of multiple pyrolysis sleeves 3 through the feed pipe 11. The heavy oil raw material does not cross the condenser straight pipe 4. The heavy oil raw material in the pyrolysis chamber is heated by the cooperation of heating device 17, heating device 29 and heating pipe 18.

[0046] Step 2: During the pyrolysis process, the drive motor 6 is started. The drive motor 6 drives the condenser straight tube 4 to rotate through a pair of gears 5. The condenser straight tube 4 drives the stirring blades 8 on multiple sets of gas guide sleeves 7 to rotate synchronously. The multiple sets of stirring blades 8 are placed in the pyrolysis chambers of multiple pyrolysis sleeves 3 to stir the heavy oil feedstock, thereby aggravating the friction and collision between the macromolecules of the heavy oil feedstock.

[0047] Step 3: During the high-temperature pyrolysis process, the small molecule oil and gas produced are introduced into the condenser straight pipe 4 through the annular flow chamber, the second air inlet 701, and the first air inlet 401. The water cooling pipe 14 in the condenser straight pipe 4 is used for cooling. The small molecule liquefied oil formed after condensation is discharged with the displacement pipe 16.

[0048] Step 4: The incompletely cracked macromolecular heavy oil residue is discharged out through discharge pipe 12.

[0049] In summary, this invention, by setting multiple vertically arranged pyrolysis sleeves 3 inside the outer cylinder 1, and rotatably mounting these sleeves on a condenser straight pipe 4 embedded within the outer cylinder 1, divides the large space inside the outer cylinder 1 into multiple smaller spaces. Furthermore, a gas guide sleeve 7, rotatably mounted on the condenser straight pipe 4 and equipped with multiple sets of stirring blades 8, is added. During rotation, the stirring blades 8 agitate the heavy oil feedstock within the pyrolysis chamber. Additionally, multiple heating devices 9, staggered with heating device 17, are added to the outer end wall of the outer cylinder 1. The inner end of each heating device 9 has a heat-conducting fan plate 10 penetrating into the pyrolysis sleeve. During rotation, the stirring blades 8 and the heat-conducting fan plates 10 rotate in a staggered manner, effectively improving the agitation of the heavy oil feedstock within the pyrolysis chamber, intensifying the friction and collision between large molecules in the heavy oil feedstock, and further uniformly transferring heat to the heavy oil feedstock during agitation, making it easier for large molecules in the heavy oil to absorb external energy and pyrolyze.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto; any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device, comprising an outer cylinder (1) with a head (2), wherein a plurality of heating devices (17) are distributed circumferentially on the outer end wall of the outer cylinder (1), characterized in that: The end cap (2) is rotatably mounted with a condensing straight pipe (4) extending into the outer cylinder (1) via a drive structure. The bottom end of the outer cylinder (1) is fixedly fitted with a support cylinder (13) that rotates relative to the bottom end of the condensing straight pipe (4). The outer wall of the condensing straight pipe (4) is fixedly fitted with a plurality of air guide sleeves (7) that communicate with its interior. The bottom end of each air guide sleeve (7) is rotatably mounted with a pyrolysis sleeve (3) that is movably fitted on the outer end wall of the condensing straight pipe (4). The pyrolysis sleeve (3) has a pyrolysis chamber that communicates with the interior of the air guide sleeve (7). A pair of pyrolysis sleeves (3) arranged adjacent to each other are fitted together by a docking ring (301). The outer end wall of the outer cylinder (1) is fitted with a feed pipe (11) that penetrates the inner wall of the plurality of pyrolysis sleeves (3). The other end wall of the outer cylinder (1) is fitted with a plurality of discharge pipes (12) that communicate with the inner bottom wall of the pyrolysis sleeves (3). A water-cooling pipe (14) is movably installed on the top wall of the condensing straight pipe (4). The bottom end of the water-cooling pipe (14) passes through the bottom end of the condensing straight pipe (4) and the support cylinder (13) and is fixedly connected to a circulation pipe (15). The outer end of the circulation pipe (15) is connected to a refrigeration device that is also connected to the water-cooling pipe (14). The bottom wall of each of the gas guide sleeves (7) is also fixedly connected to multiple sets of stirring blades (8) placed in the pyrolysis chamber.

2. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive structure includes a drive motor (6) fixedly installed on the top of the head (2). The drive end of the drive motor (6) and the outer end wall of the condenser straight pipe (4) are both fixedly fitted with meshing gears (5). A pair of gears (5) are embedded in the top wall of the head (2).

3. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas guide sleeve (7) has an annular flow cavity with an opening at the lower end, and the middle end wall of the pyrolysis sleeve (3) has a rotating groove (302) that is rotatably installed with the bottom end wall of the gas guide sleeve (7).

4. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air guide sleeve (7) has multiple air inlets (701) connected to the annular flow cavity on the end wall of the side of the condenser straight pipe (4), and multiple air inlets (401) corresponding to the positions of the air inlets (701) are provided on the end wall of the condenser straight pipe (4).

5. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser tube (4) is made of heat-insulating material, and the multiple pyrolysis sleeves (3) are made of heat-resistant material. A water-cooling jacket is also embedded inside the pyrolysis sleeves (3).

6. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing plate (304) that is movably connected to the gas guide sleeve (7) is embedded on the uppermost pyrolysis sleeve (3), and an embedding column that is embedded in the bottom of the outer cylinder (1) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lowermost pyrolysis sleeve (3).

7. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between two adjacent heating devices (17), a second heating device (9) is installed on the outer wall of the outer cylinder (1). The inner end of the second heating device (9) is provided with multiple heat-conducting structures that extend through the cracking sleeve (3) and match the stirring blade (8).

8. The petroleum-based heavy oil cracking processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure includes a heat-conducting fan plate (10) fixedly connected to the inner end of the second heating device (9). The heat-conducting fan plate (10) has a slot that matches the stirring blade (8). The heat-conducting fan plate (10) also has multiple heating tubes (18) that are electrically connected to the second heating device (9) and are distributed alternately with the slots.

9. A method for cracking heavy petroleum oil, employing a heavy petroleum oil cracking apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: First, a suitable amount of heavy oil raw material is introduced into the interior of multiple cracking sleeves (3) through the feed pipe (11). The heavy oil raw material does not cross the condenser straight pipe (4). The heavy oil raw material in the cracking chamber is heated by the cooperation of heating device 1 (17), heating device 2 (9) and heating pipe (18). Step 2: During the pyrolysis process, the drive motor (6) is started. The drive motor (6) drives the condenser straight tube (4) to rotate through a pair of gears (5). The condenser straight tube (4) drives the stirring blades (8) on multiple sets of gas guide sleeves (7) to rotate synchronously. The multiple sets of stirring blades (8) are placed in the pyrolysis chambers of multiple pyrolysis sleeves (3) to stir the heavy oil feedstock, thereby aggravating the friction and collision between the macromolecules of the heavy oil feedstock. Step 3: During the high-temperature pyrolysis process, the small molecule oil and gas generated are introduced into the condenser straight pipe (4) through the gas guide sleeve (7), and cooled by the water cooling pipe (14) in the condenser straight pipe (4). The small molecule liquefied oil formed after condensation is discharged with the replacement pipe (16). Step 4: The incompletely cracked macromolecular heavy oil residue is discharged out through the discharge pipe (12).

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