A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms, comprising the following steps: S1. Multiply the electric field to be measured by a microwave electric field by means of linear amplitude modulation to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured; S2. Directly apply the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 to Rydberg atoms to obtain the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field; S3. According to the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field obtained in step S2, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal, and obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured according to the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal; S4. According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, detect the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the detected electric field; S5. Multiply the detected electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured to obtain the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured; this method improves the measurement efficiency and can measure the phase amplitude of an electric field with a wide frequency range and large intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of precise measurement of electric fields by Rydberg atoms, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the phase and amplitude of an electric field based on Rydberg atoms. Background Art

[0002] The precise measurement of the phase of a radio frequency signal has important applications in radar, communication, lasers, etc. The phase determines the relative timing of the signal and plays a crucial role in communication, imaging, and the interpretation of wave phenomena. Due to its advantages such as high sensitivity, non-destructiveness, high precision, and controllability, the Rydberg atom measurement system has been widely studied in recent years for the precise measurement of electromagnetic waves. Atomic heterodyne measurement is an important development of Rydberg atom measurement technology. Its principle is to regard the Rydberg atom as a heterodyne receiver, so that the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field with a frequency close to it act on the Rydberg atom simultaneously. Since the microwave electric field to be measured has a certain detuning amount relative to the local oscillator microwave electric field, a cosine perturbation is made to the local oscillator energy in the microwave dressed Rydberg dark state. The change in the local oscillator energy of the Rydberg dark state will cause the absorption of the probe light by the atom to change, which is reflected as a cosine oscillation in the transmission intensity of the probe light, and it contains information such as the amplitude of the microwave electric field to be measured, the intermediate frequency generated by the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field, and the relative phase.

[0003] Using the atomic heterodyne measurement method, the intermediate frequency and relative phase information generated by mixing the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field can be reflected in the transmission intensity of the probe light, so that the frequency and phase information of the microwave electric field can be measured by this method. However, this atomic heterodyne measurement method has certain limitations because it has certain requirements for both the electric field to be measured and the local oscillator electric field. First, it is required that the frequencies of the electric field to be measured and the local oscillator electric field are close, which is a necessary condition for the two-frequency electric fields to generate beat frequency, and it is also limited by the response speed of the photodetector to the AT splitting effect; in addition, it is required that the intensity of the electric field to be measured is much smaller than that of the local oscillator electric field. Therefore, the measurement using the atomic heterodyne method is only applicable to weak signals in the microwave band. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for measuring the phase and amplitude of an electric field based on Rydberg atoms, so as to be applicable to measuring the phase and amplitude of an ultra-wideband electric field from low frequency to radio frequency band.

[0005] In order to achieve the above invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for measuring the phase and amplitude of an electric field based on Rydberg atoms, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Multiply the electric field to be measured by a microwave electric field using the method of linear amplitude modulation to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured;

[0008] S2. Direct the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 directly onto the Rydberg atoms to obtain the detection light spectral signal under the action of the modulation electric field;

[0009] S3. According to the detection light spectral signal under the action of the modulation electric field obtained in step S2, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the detection light spectral signal intensity, and based on the cosine oscillation of the detection light spectral signal intensity, obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured;

[0010] S4. According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, perform demodulation on the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the demodulated electric field;

[0011] S5. Multiply the demodulated electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured to obtain the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured.

[0012] Further, in step S1, the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured is obtained by multiplying the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field using the linear amplitude modulation method, including the AM modulation method. The specific process is as follows:

[0013] Modulate the electric field to be measured using the AM modulation method to obtain the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation.

[0014] Further, the process of modulating the electric field to be measured using the AM modulation method to obtain the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation is as follows:

[0015] Let the electric field to be measured be Superimpose the electric field to be measured with the DC electric field, and at the same time multiply the superimposed result by the high-frequency carrier signal to obtain the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation, that is:

[0016]

[0017] where, E AM (t) represents the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, A0 represents the DC electric field, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0018] Further, in step S1, the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured is obtained by multiplying the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field using the linear amplitude modulation method, including the DSB modulation method. The specific process is as follows:

[0019] The DSB modulation method is used to modulate the electric field to be measured, and the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation is obtained.

[0020] Further, the process of using the DSB modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured and obtaining the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation is as follows:

[0021] Let the electric field to be measured be At the same time, the electric field to be measured is directly multiplied by the high-frequency carrier signal to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation, that is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, E DSB (t) represents the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0024] Further, step S2 specifically includes:

[0025] The modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 is directly applied to the Rydberg atoms excited by the probe light and the photodetector to obtain the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulated electric field.

[0026] Further, step S3 specifically includes:

[0027] S31. According to the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulated electric field obtained in step S2, and record the power amplitude change of the probe light spectrum when the coupling light detuning is zero;

[0028] S32. According to the power amplitude change of the probe light spectrum recorded in step S31 when the coupling light detuning is zero, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity;

[0029] S33. According to the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity, obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured.

[0030] Further, step S4 specifically includes:

[0031] According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, demodulate the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the unit sine demodulated electric field and the unit cosine demodulated electric field.

[0032] Further, step S5 specifically includes:

[0033] S51. Multiply the detected electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured, that is, perform in-phase detection and quadrature detection, namely:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Wherein, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, sin(ω1t) represents the unit sine detected electric field, cos(ω1t) represents the unit cosine detected electric field, respectively represent the phase information;

[0037] S52. Filter the high-frequency terms from the electric field to be measured that has undergone in-phase detection and quadrature detection in step S51, and obtain two DC terms respectively, namely:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Wherein, S1 and S2 respectively represent the DC terms;

[0041] S53. According to the two DC terms obtained respectively in step S52, use the following formula to calculate the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured, namely:

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Wherein, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, and arctan(·) represents the arctangent function.

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms proposed by the present invention uses a linear amplitude modulation method to obtain a linearly modulated electric field, and introduces an atomic superheterodyne measurement method. The electric field to be measured is linearly modulated and then acts on Rydberg atoms. By reflecting the electric field to be measured as a perturbation in the periodic oscillation of the probe light, the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured are measured, improving the measurement efficiency; at the same time, there is no requirement for the frequency of the electric field to be measured, and the phase and amplitude of an electric field with a wide frequency and a large electric field intensity can be measured. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic flow diagram of a method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms proposed by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of AM modulation principle;

[0049] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of AM mixing measurement principle;

[0050] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of DSB modulation principle;

[0051] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of DSB mixing measurement principle;

[0052] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of atomic superheterodyne measurement principle. Specific embodiments

[0053] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention to facilitate those skilled in the art of the present technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of the present technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, a method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms includes the following steps S1 - S5:

[0055] S1. Multiply the electric field to be measured by a microwave electric field using the method of linear amplitude modulation to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured.

[0056] In this embodiment, the method of linear amplitude modulation generally includes AM modulation, DSB modulation, and SSB modulation, etc. The up - conversion and down - conversion of DSB modulation are SSB. Therefore, the present invention selects AM modulation or DSB modulation for experiments to obtain the modulated electric field for subsequent steps. In this embodiment, the microwave electric field is the high - frequency carrier electric field.

[0057] Specifically, multiplying the electric field to be measured by a microwave electric field using the method of linear amplitude modulation in step S1 to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured includes the AM modulation method, and the specific process is as follows:

[0058] Modulate the electric field to be measured using the AM modulation method to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation.

[0059] As Figure 2 shown, Figure 2Schematic diagram of AM modulation principle. The principle of AM modulation is as follows: superimpose the baseband signal m(t) on the DC signal A0, and then multiply it by the high-frequency carrier signal (microwave) cos(ω c t) for spectrum shifting to obtain the modulated electric field, that is: E AM (t) = (A0 + m(t))cos(ω c t), where E AM (t) represents the modulated electric field. In this embodiment, let the electric field to be measured be and use the AM modulation method to modulate it, and the obtained modulated electric field is: where the frequency information of the electric field to be measured is much smaller than the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal, that is: ω1 << ωc, and ω c / 2π is the high frequency.

[0060] Specifically, the process of using the AM modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured and obtaining the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation is as follows:

[0061] Let the electric field to be measured be and superimpose the electric field to be measured on the DC electric field, and at the same time multiply the superimposed result by the high-frequency carrier signal to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation, that is:

[0062]

[0063] where E AM (t) represents the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, A1 represents the DC electric field, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0064] Specifically, in step S1, the method of linear amplitude modulation is used to multiply the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured, including the DSB modulation method, and the specific process is as follows:

[0065] Use the DSB modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation.

[0066] As Figure 4 shown, Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the DSB modulation principle. The difference between DSB modulation and AM modulation is that there is no need to superimpose a DC signal. Instead, the baseband signal is directly multiplied by the high-frequency carrier signal (microwave) cos(ω c t) to obtain the modulated electric field, that is: E DSB (t) = m(t)cos(ω c t), where E DSB (t) represents the modulated electric field. In this embodiment, let the electric field to be measured be and use the DSB modulation method to modulate it, and the obtained modulated electric field is: Among them, the frequency information of the electric field to be measured is much smaller than the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal, that is: ω1 << ω c , and ω c / 2π is high frequency.

[0067] Specifically, the process of using the DSB modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured and obtaining the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation is as follows:

[0068] Let the electric field to be measured be At the same time, directly multiply the electric field to be measured by the high-frequency carrier signal to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation, that is:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, E DSB (t) represents the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0071] S2. Directly apply the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 to the Rydberg atoms to obtain the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field.

[0072] In this embodiment, the linear amplitude modulation method is used to multiply the electric field to be measured as the information electric field by the high-frequency carrier electric field (microwave electric field), and combined with the atomic superheterodyne measurement method, the electric field to be measured is reflected as a perturbation in the periodic oscillation of the probe light, so as to measure the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured. At the same time, the Rydberg atoms can be excited to the four energy levels to produce the AT splitting effect.

[0073] As Figure 6 shown, Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the principle of atomic superheterodyne measurement. Atomic superheterodyne measurement uses Rydberg atoms as an addition mixer, directly applies two microwave electric fields with similar frequencies to the Rydberg atoms, and superimposes them inside the Rydberg atoms to obtain a superimposed electric field, that is:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, E TOTAL represents the superimposed electric field of the local oscillator microwave electric field and the microwave electric field to be measured, E LO represents the local oscillator microwave electric field and is A cos(ω1t), E SIG represents the microwave electric field to be measured and is Here, the phase of the microwave electric field to be measured is a relative phase, and the zero phase of the local oscillator microwave electric field is used as a reference. Simplify the above formula, let Then there is:

[0076]

[0077] Since the atomic superheterodyne measurement method needs to satisfy two conditions: the frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured is close to that of the local oscillator microwave electric field and the phase of the microwave electric field to be measured is much smaller than that of the local oscillator microwave electric field, that is, B << A. When x << 1, the high-order powers of x can be ignored, and Δω = ω1 - ω2 << ω1 + ω2 = 2ω1, and the simplified formula is obtained: Among them represents the intermediate-frequency electric field. At this time, the local oscillator microwave electric field and the microwave electric field to be measured form a beat frequency. And a cosine oscillation signal can be observed in the probe light, and the formula is used to calculate the transmittance of the probe light. Among them, P i represents the incident light power, k p represents the wave vector of the probe light, L represents the distance that the probe light propagates in the Rydberg atom vapor, Im represents the imaginary part, and [χ] represents the atomic gas polarizability. Among them, the imaginary part reflects the absorption property of the probe light. Thus, the relationship that the probe light transmission light oscillation is proportional to the intermediate-frequency electric field can be obtained. By recording the power amplitude change of the probe light spectrum when the coupling light detuning is zero, the intermediate-frequency frequency and relative phase information are obtained by fitting. Among them, the electric field amplitude can be obtained from the AT splitting distance.

[0078] Since the above atomic superheterodyne measurement method needs to satisfy two conditions: the frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured is close to that of the local oscillator microwave electric field and the phase of the microwave electric field to be measured is much smaller than that of the local oscillator microwave electric field, therefore, in this embodiment, it is proposed that directly applying the already modulated electric field to the Rydberg atoms can achieve the same effect as superheterodyne mixing. And it does not require the frequency of the electric field to be measured to be close to that of the carrier electric field (referred to as the local oscillator electric field in the atomic superheterodyne measurement method).

[0079] Specifically, step S2 specifically includes:

[0080] Direct the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 directly onto the Rydberg atoms excited by the probe light and the photodetector to obtain the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulation electric field.

[0081] S3. According to the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulation electric field obtained in step S2, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity, and obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured according to the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity.

[0082] Specifically, step S3 specifically includes S31 - S33:

[0083] S31. According to the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulation electric field obtained in step S2, and record the change in the power amplitude of the probe light spectrum when the coupling light detuning is zero.

[0084] S32. According to the change in the power amplitude of the probe light spectrum recorded in step S31 when the coupling light detuning is zero, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity.

[0085] S33. Obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured according to the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity.

[0086] S4. According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, demodulate the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the demodulated electric field.

[0087] Specifically, step S4 specifically includes:

[0088] According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, demodulate the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the unit sine demodulated electric field and the unit cosine demodulated electric field.

[0089] S5. Multiply the demodulated electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured to obtain the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured.

[0090] Specifically, step S5 specifically includes S51 - S53:

[0091] S51. Multiply the demodulated electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured, that is, perform in-phase demodulation and quadrature demodulation, that is:

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Among them, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, sin(ω1t) represents the unit sine-detected electric field, and cos(ω1t) represents the unit cosine-detected electric field, which respectively represent the phase information.

[0095] S52. Filter out the high-frequency terms from the electric field to be measured that undergoes in-phase detection and quadrature detection in step S51, and respectively obtain two DC terms, namely:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] where S1 and S2 respectively represent the DC terms.

[0099] S53. According to the two DC terms respectively obtained in step S52, use the following formula to calculate the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured, namely:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] where B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, and arctan(·) represents the arctangent function.

[0103] As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the AM mixing measurement principle. In this embodiment, the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained after AM modulation is directly applied to the Rydberg atoms excited by the probe light and the photodetector, and the probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulated electric field is obtained. According to the obtained probe light spectral signal under the action of the modulated electric field, the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity is fitted. According to the cosine oscillation of the probe light spectral signal intensity, the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, that is, ω1, is obtained. Secondly, the unit sine-detected electric field sin(ω1t) and the unit cosine-detected electric field cos(ω1t) are respectively output using the frequency information. Finally, the unit sine-detected electric field sin(ω1t) and the unit cosine-detected electric field cos(ω1t) are multiplied by the electric field to be measured, that is, in-phase detection and quadrature detection are performed, and the high-frequency terms are filtered out to obtain two DC terms as Using the formula and The amplitude and phase of the electric field to be measured are obtained respectively. In this embodiment, AM mixing measurement makes more use of the demodulation property of Rydberg atoms to reflect the electric field to be measured in the detection light spectrum. At the same time, the amplitude and phase of the electric field to be measured are obtained through in-phase and quadrature detection, and the proportional parameter between the AT splitting spacing and the electric field strength can be obtained by recording the AT splitting spacing. This method can theoretically measure ultra-wideband electric fields when the hardware conditions are met. In this embodiment, the AM modulation method does not require the frequency of the electric field to be measured to be close to the frequency of the carrier electric field (referred to as the local oscillator electric field in the atomic superheterodyne method), and only requires the amplitude of the electric field to be measured to be less than the amplitude of the DC electric field to avoid modulation electric field distortion.

[0104] As Figure 5 shown Figure 5 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the DSB mixing measurement principle. In this embodiment, the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained after DSB modulation is , where the frequency information of the electric field to be measured is much smaller than the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal, that is: ω1 << ω c , and ω c / 2π is the high frequency. The obtained modulated electric field is It can be found from this that this electric field form is different from the electric field form obtained by the atomic superheterodyne method, and the modulated electric field using DSB modulation does not have a DC component in the left term of the product. However, the modulated electric field can still be regarded as the superposition of two electric fields with similar frequencies, that is: Since the frequency information of the electric field to be measured is much smaller than the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal, that is: ω1 << ω c , so, it can be approximated as ω1 + ω c ≈ ω c -ω1, which can be regarded as the beat frequency formed by the superposition of two electric fields with similar frequencies. The subsequent measurement process is the same as that of AM mixing measurement. However, there is no theoretical requirement for the intensity of the electric field to be measured using DSB mixing measurement.

[0105] Specific embodiments are applied in the present invention to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0106] Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the embodiments described herein are provided to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific deformations and combinations that do not depart from the essence of the present invention based on these technical revelations disclosed in the present invention, and these deformations and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Multiply the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field using the method of linear amplitude modulation to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured; S2. Directly apply the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 to the Rydberg atoms excited by the probe light to obtain the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field; S3. According to the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field obtained in step S2, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal, and based on the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal, obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured. Specifically: S31. According to the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field obtained in step S2, and record the change in the power amplitude of the probe light spectrum when the coupling light detuning is zero; S32. According to the change in the power amplitude of the probe light spectrum recorded in step S31 when the coupling light detuning is zero, fit to obtain the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal; S33. Based on the cosine oscillation of the intensity of the probe light spectrum signal, obtain the frequency information of the electric field to be measured; S4. According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, demodulate the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the demodulated electric field; S5. Multiply the demodulated electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured to obtain the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured. Specifically: S51. Multiply the demodulated electric field obtained in step S4 by the electric field to be measured, that is, perform in-phase demodulation and quadrature demodulation, namely: Among them, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, sin(ω1t) represents the unit sine detection electric field, and cos(ω1t) represents the unit cosine detection electric field, respectively represent the phase information; S52. For the electric field to be measured subjected to in-phase demodulation and quadrature demodulation in step S51, filter out the high-frequency terms to obtain two DC terms respectively, namely: wherein, S1 and S2 respectively represent the DC terms; S53. According to the two DC terms respectively obtained in step S52, use the following formula to calculate the phase and amplitude of the electric field to be measured, namely: Among them, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, and arctan(·) represents the arctangent function.

2. The method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the method of linear amplitude modulation is used to multiply the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured, including the AM modulation method. The specific process is: Use the AM modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation.

3. The method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 2, wherein The process of using the AM modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation is: Let the electric field to be measured be Superimpose the electric field to be measured with a DC electric field, and at the same time multiply the superimposed result by a high-frequency carrier signal to obtain a modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after AM modulation, that is: Among them, E AM (t) represents the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, A0 represents the DC electric field, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

4. A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the method of linear amplitude modulation is used to multiply the electric field to be measured by the microwave electric field to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured, including the DSB modulation method. The specific process is: Use the DSB modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation.

5. A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of using the DSB modulation method to modulate the electric field to be measured to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation is: Let the electric field to be measured be At the same time, directly multiply the electric field to be measured by the high-frequency carrier signal to obtain the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured after DSB modulation, that is: Among them, E DSB (t) represents the modulation electric field of the electric field to be measured at the t-th moment, represents the electric field to be measured, B represents the amplitude of the electric field to be measured, represents the frequency signal of the electric field to be measured, ω1 represents the frequency information of the electric field to be measured, t represents the moment, represents the phase of the electric field to be measured, cos(ω c t) represents the high-frequency carrier signal, ω c represents the frequency information of the high-frequency carrier signal.

6. The method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S2 specifically includes: Directly apply the modulated electric field of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S1 to the Rydberg atoms excited by the probe light and the photodetector to obtain the probe light spectrum signal under the action of the modulated electric field.

7. A method for measuring the electric field phase and amplitude based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes: According to the frequency information of the electric field to be measured obtained in step S3, demodulate the frequency signal in the frequency information to obtain the unit sine demodulated electric field and the unit cosine demodulated electric field.

Images