Self-driven power-extraction axial double-open-end oscillation tube refrigerator and refrigeration method

Abstract

Self-driven external power shaft flow double-opening oscillation pipe refrigerator and refrigeration method, which belongs to the technical field of gas expansion refrigeration. The refrigerator comprises a high-pressure area, a medium-pressure area and a low-pressure area, a double-opening oscillation pipe and a front-stage driving blade are arranged on a low-speed main shaft, a medium-pressure blade is arranged on a high-speed shaft, and a high-speed pulley is driven to rotate to perform external power output. The refrigerator is also provided with a condenser, which utilizes circulating waste gas to perform heat exchange; the front-stage driving blade rotation or an inclined nozzle is used to provide power to drive the self-rotation of the double-opening oscillation pipe refrigerator. By utilizing the pressure exchange characteristics of the double-opening oscillation pipe, the low-temperature gas is obtained, the expansion work is recovered in the form of pressure energy, and finally the shaft work is externally output, thereby avoiding the waste of compression work. Due to the characteristics of the double-opening oscillation pipe, the gas expansion refrigeration process and the circulating gas external power output process are separated, different media can be used for energy exchange, the liquid carrying capacity of the refrigeration equipment is improved, and the continuous service life of the equipment is also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas expansion refrigeration technology, and more specifically, relates to a novel double-opening oscillating tube expansion refrigeration method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of gas expansion refrigeration, throttling technology, turbine expansion refrigeration technology, and gas wave expansion refrigeration technology are commonly used. However, throttling is an isenthalpic process, resulting in low refrigeration efficiency. Considering the high rotational speed, maintenance difficulty, and poor liquid carrying capacity of turbine expansion refrigeration, its application in large-volume flow rate cryogenic gas sources remains limited. Double-opening oscillating tube technology utilizes the compression and expansion waves within the tube to achieve pressure energy exchange between two media, and can be used in gas expansion refrigeration and pressure energy exchange between the same or different media. Due to its simple structure, ease of miniaturization, strong liquid carrying capacity, and convenient maintenance, the double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator is gradually gaining an increasingly important position in the field of large-volume flow rate gas expansion refrigeration. The self-driving, effective utilization of compression work, and improvement of liquid carrying capacity of the axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator are technical problems that researchers in this field need to solve, and are also the key problems that this invention aims to address. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigeration method and apparatus. This effectively solves the problems of self-drive and efficient utilization of compression power in large-volume, high-flow-rate axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerators.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention: A self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, wherein the refrigerator's pressure-bearing outer shell includes a high-pressure chamber head, a low-temperature shell, a low-pressure shell, and a medium-pressure head. A high-pressure inlet is welded to the high-pressure chamber head, and a medium-pressure port is welded to the medium-pressure head. The refrigerator's interior is divided into three regions by a medium-pressure bearing seat and a high-pressure bearing seat: the left side of the high-pressure bearing seat is the high-pressure zone, the right side of the medium-pressure bearing seat is the medium-pressure zone, and the area between the medium-pressure bearing seat and the high-pressure bearing seat is the low-pressure zone. The high-pressure nozzle is connected to the high-pressure bearing housing by bolts or welding, and the medium-pressure nozzle is connected to the medium-pressure bearing housing by bolts or welding; the double-opening oscillating tube is connected to the low-speed spindle by bolts or welding; one end of the double-opening oscillating tube is clearance-fitted with the high-pressure nozzle, and the other end of the double-opening oscillating tube is clearance-fitted with the medium-pressure nozzle; The front drive blades are set on the low-speed main shaft via impeller keys. The low-speed bearing inner shim, low-speed bearing outer shim, and low-speed bearing are installed in the intermediate pressure bearing housing in sequence. Finally, the low-speed bearing inner ring is locked to the low-speed main shaft using the low-speed bearing inner nut, and the low-speed bearing outer pressure cover is locked to the intermediate pressure bearing housing. A high-speed shaft is mounted on the intermediate pressure head via a high-speed bearing. The high-speed bearing is locked to the intermediate pressure head via a high-speed bearing cover. High-speed bearing inner gaskets and high-speed bearing inner rings are respectively provided on both sides of the high-speed bearing. A high-speed pulley is provided at the end of the high-speed shaft extending out of the intermediate pressure head via a high-speed pulley key. An intermediate pressure blade is provided at the end of the high-speed shaft inside the intermediate pressure head. The refrigeration unit is equipped with a condenser, which is located between the medium-pressure nozzle and the medium-pressure blade; or the condenser is located outside the refrigeration unit, and the medium-pressure port is connected to the low-pressure port after passing through the condenser.

[0005] The high-pressure chamber head, high-pressure bearing seat, and low-temperature shell are bolted together. The low-temperature shell and the low-pressure shell are bolted together, and the low-pressure shell and the medium-pressure head are bolted together. The low-temperature port is welded to the low-temperature shell, and the low-pressure port is welded to the low-pressure shell.

[0006] The front-stage drive blades are located at the front end of the low-speed main shaft in the high-pressure zone, or at the rear end of the low-speed main shaft in the medium-pressure zone.

[0007] The front-stage drive blades are straight blades, circular arc blades, three-dimensional blades, or multi-stage blades; the intermediate-pressure blades are turbine expansion impellers.

[0008] The high-pressure nozzle and the medium-pressure nozzle are inclined nozzles along the circumference. The inclined nozzles generate driving force to drive the double-opening oscillating tube to rotate.

[0009] The number of channels in the double-opening oscillating tube is 2-200, and the channel cross-section is square, trapezoidal, circular or multi-segment linear, with the included angle β between two adjacent channels being 1.8-180°.

[0010] A refrigeration method for a self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator includes a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the front-stage driving blades are set in a high-pressure zone and a working mode in which the front-stage driving blades are set in a medium-pressure zone. The second stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the condenser is set outside the refrigerator and a working mode in which the condenser is set inside the refrigerator. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the high-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, driving the front-stage drive blades to rotate and providing power to the refrigerator. After passing the front-stage drive blades, the high-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy and compresses the circulating gas in the double-opening oscillating tube, thus increasing the pressure of the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of the medium-pressure blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. Finally, the shaft work is exported through the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the medium-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator and into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy within the nozzle and compresses the circulating gas within the double-opening oscillating tube, thus pressurizing the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is then discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, where it gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. This medium-pressure circulating gas drives the front-stage drive blades located at the rear end of the low-speed main shaft to rotate, providing power to the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of these blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. This shaft work is then output externally via the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the condenser is located outside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas, which is discharged from the medium-pressure port. After being cooled by the external condenser, it flows back into the self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port to complete the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands in the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator completes one gas refrigeration cycle. Operating mode where the condenser is located inside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas. After being cooled by the internal condenser, it is discharged from the medium-pressure port and flows back into the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port, completing the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands inside the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This completes a gas refrigeration cycle.

[0011] The circulating gas medium is selected from dehumidified air or nitrogen, and the high-pressure fresh gas is selected from dehumidified air, nitrogen, humidified air or natural gas.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This refrigerator utilizes the power provided by the front-stage drive blades or tilting nozzles to drive the rotation of the double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. By utilizing the pressure exchange characteristics of the double-opening oscillating tube, while obtaining low-temperature gas, the expansion work is recovered in the form of pressure energy and finally output externally as shaft work, thus avoiding the waste of compression work.

[0013] Due to the characteristics of the double-opening oscillating tube, the gas expansion and refrigeration process is separated from the circulating gas external power output process. The circulating gas does not participate in the expansion and refrigeration process of the working fluid in the self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas's action converts the compression work transmitted by the shock wave into shaft work and pushes the expanded low-temperature medium away from the double-opening oscillating tube. Different media can be used for energy exchange, improving the liquid carrying capacity of the refrigeration equipment and extending its continuous service life. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 It is a self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube cooling process.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the front-stage drive blades.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the nozzle.

[0018] Figure 5 This is an end face view of a double-opening oscillator tube.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. High-pressure inlet, 2. High-pressure chamber end cap, 3. Pre-stage drive blade, 4. High-pressure nozzle, 5. Double-opening oscillating tube, 6. Cryogenic housing, 7. Low-pressure housing, 8. Intermediate-pressure bearing housing, 9. Intermediate-pressure end cap, 10. Intermediate-pressure blade, 11. Intermediate-pressure port, 12. High-speed shaft, 13. High-speed bearing, 14. High-speed bearing cover, 15. High-speed bearing inner ring, 16. High-speed pulley key, 17. High-speed pulley, 18. High-speed bearing inner gasket, 19. Low-speed bearing outer cover, 20. Retaining ring, 21. Low-speed bearing inner nut, 22. Low-speed bearing, 23. Low-speed bearing inner gasket, 24. Low-speed bearing outer gasket, 25. Intermediate-pressure nozzle, 26. Low-pressure port, 27. Low-speed main shaft, 28. Cryogenic port, 29. High-pressure bearing housing, 30. Impeller key. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that this solution is not limited to this one embodiment, and the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0021] A self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator is divided into three main regions by a medium-pressure bearing housing 8 and a high-pressure bearing housing 29. The left side of the high-pressure bearing housing 29 is the high-pressure zone, the right side of the medium-pressure bearing housing 8 is the medium-pressure zone, and the area between the medium-pressure bearing housing 8 and the high-pressure bearing housing 29 is the low-pressure zone.

[0022] The high-pressure inlet 1 is welded to the high-pressure chamber head 2. The high-pressure chamber head 2, the high-pressure bearing seat 29, and the cryogenic shell 6 are bolted together. The cryogenic shell 6 is bolted to the low-pressure shell 7, and the low-pressure shell 7 is bolted to the intermediate-pressure head 9. The intermediate-pressure port 11 is welded to the intermediate-pressure head 9, the cryogenic port 28 is welded to the cryogenic shell 6, and the low-pressure port 26 is welded to the low-pressure shell 7. The high-pressure chamber head 2, the cryogenic shell 6, the low-pressure shell 7, and the intermediate-pressure head 9 constitute the pressure-bearing outer shell of a self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator.

[0023] Inside the equipment, the front drive blade 3 is connected to the low-speed main shaft 27 via an impeller key 30 and bolts. The low-speed bearing inner shim 23, the low-speed bearing outer shim 24, and the low-speed bearing 22 are sequentially installed in the intermediate pressure bearing housing 8. Finally, the low-speed bearing inner nut 21 is used to lock the low-speed bearing inner ring 22 to the low-speed main shaft 27, and the low-speed bearing outer pressure cover 19 is used to lock the low-speed bearing 22 outer ring to the intermediate pressure bearing housing 8.

[0024] A high-speed shaft 12 is mounted on the intermediate pressure head 9 via a high-speed bearing 13. The high-speed bearing 13 is locked to the intermediate pressure head 9 via a high-speed bearing cover 14. High-speed bearing inner gaskets 18 and high-speed bearing inner rings 15 are respectively mounted on both sides of the high-speed bearing 13. A high-speed pulley 17 is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft 12 that extends out of the intermediate pressure head 9 via a high-speed pulley key 16. An intermediate pressure blade 10 is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft 12 that is placed inside the intermediate pressure head 9. A condenser E-100 is installed inside the refrigeration unit and is positioned between the medium-pressure nozzle 25 and the medium-pressure blade 10; or the condenser E-100 is installed outside the refrigeration unit and the medium-pressure port 11 is connected to the low-pressure port 26 after passing through the condenser E-100.

[0025] The two low-speed bearings 22 inside the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator are installed in the same way. The high-pressure nozzle 4 and the high-pressure bearing housing 29 can be connected by bolts or welding. The medium-pressure nozzle 25 and the medium-pressure bearing housing 8 can be connected by bolts or welding. The double-opening oscillating tube 5 and the low-speed main shaft 27 can be connected by bolts or welding. The double-opening oscillating tube 5 and the high-pressure nozzle 4 are clearance-fitted, and the double-opening oscillating tube 5 and the medium-pressure nozzle 25 are also clearance-fitted. The medium-pressure bearing housing 8 and the low-pressure housing 7 are bolted together. Both the high-pressure nozzle 4 and the medium-pressure nozzle 25 consist of a nozzle body and an adjusting plate structure, which are welded or bolted together.

[0026] based on Figure 1 In the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigeration process, the condenser E-100 can be installed after shock wave pressurization for pre-cooling before entering the medium-pressure impeller 10 for expansion. This integrates the condenser into the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigeration unit. The pre-drive blades 3 can be installed after the medium-pressure nozzle 25. In this case, the length of the low-speed main shaft 27 in the high-pressure zone is shortened, and the length of the low-speed main shaft 27 in the medium-pressure zone is extended. The pre-drive blades 3 are installed on the extended portion of the low-speed main shaft 27 in the medium-pressure zone and are not connected to the high-speed shaft 12.

[0027] The recirculating gas medium can be different from the refrigerant gas medium. For example, clean compressible gases such as dehumidified air or nitrogen can be used to improve the lifespan and safe operation of medium-pressure blades. The refrigerant gas medium can be various compressible gases such as humid air or natural gas. Alternatively, the recirculating gas medium can be the same as the refrigerant gas medium.

[0028] The form and structure of the front-stage drive blades are not limited; straight blades, circular arc blades, three-dimensional blades, and multi-stage blades are all acceptable.

[0029] The medium-pressure blade 10 employs a turbine expansion impeller, utilizing the blade angle to regulate the output power. Since there are numerous expansion impeller structures, this invention focuses only on the refrigeration process and the shaft power regulation and recovery processes; therefore, it does not limit the specific structure of the turbine blade.

[0030] The high-pressure nozzle 4 and medium-pressure nozzle 25 of a self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator can be designed as circumferentially inclined nozzles. The inclined nozzles generate a driving force to rotate the double-opening oscillating tube. When the high-pressure nozzle 4 and medium-pressure nozzle 25 are designed as inclined nozzles, they can complement the driving force of the preceding drive blades 3. Depending on the actual driving power, the preceding drive blades 3 can be removed, or the tilt angle of the adjusting plates of the high-pressure nozzle 4 and medium-pressure nozzle 25 can be adjusted. The number of high-pressure nozzles 4 and medium-pressure nozzles 25 depends on the refrigerator's processing capacity; generally, an even number of high-pressure nozzles 4 and medium-pressure nozzles 25 are arranged. The number of double-opening oscillating tube channels ranges from 2 to 200. The channel shape can include square, trapezoidal, circular, multi-segment linear cross-sections, and the included angle β between two adjacent channels can range from 1.8 to 180°.

[0031] A refrigeration method for a self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator includes a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the front-stage driving blades are set in a high-pressure zone and a working mode in which the front-stage driving blades are set in a medium-pressure zone. The second stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the condenser is set outside the refrigerator and a working mode in which the condenser is set inside the refrigerator. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the high-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, driving the front-stage drive blades to rotate and providing power to the refrigerator. After passing the front-stage drive blades, the high-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy and compresses the circulating gas in the double-opening oscillating tube, thus increasing the pressure of the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of the medium-pressure blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. Finally, the shaft work is exported through the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the medium-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator and into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy within the nozzle and compresses the circulating gas within the double-opening oscillating tube, thus pressurizing the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is then discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, where it gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. This medium-pressure circulating gas drives the front-stage drive blades located at the rear end of the low-speed main shaft to rotate, providing power to the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of these blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. This shaft work is then output externally via the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the condenser is located outside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas, which is discharged from the medium-pressure port. After being cooled by the external condenser, it flows back into the self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port to complete the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands in the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator completes one gas refrigeration cycle. Operating mode where the condenser is located inside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas. After being cooled by the internal condenser, it is discharged from the medium-pressure port and flows back into the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port, completing the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands inside the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This completes a gas refrigeration cycle. Example 1

[0032] Figure 2 A self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator is shown. The refrigerator's pressure-bearing outer shell includes a high-pressure chamber head 2, a low-temperature shell 6, a low-pressure shell 7, and a medium-pressure head 9. A high-pressure inlet 1 is welded to the high-pressure chamber head 2, and a medium-pressure port 11 is welded to the medium-pressure head 9. The refrigerator's interior is divided into three regions by a medium-pressure bearing seat 8 and a high-pressure bearing seat 29: the left side of the high-pressure bearing seat 29 is the high-pressure zone, the right side of the medium-pressure bearing seat 8 is the medium-pressure zone, and the area between the medium-pressure bearing seat 8 and the high-pressure bearing seat 29 is the low-pressure zone. The high-pressure nozzle 4 is connected to the high-pressure bearing housing 29 by bolts or welding, and the medium-pressure nozzle 25 is connected to the medium-pressure bearing housing 8 by bolts or welding; the double-opening oscillating tube 5 is connected to the low-speed spindle 27 by bolts or welding; one end of the double-opening oscillating tube 5 is clearance-fitted with the high-pressure nozzle 4, and the other end of the double-opening oscillating tube 5 is clearance-fitted with the medium-pressure nozzle 25.

[0033] The front-stage drive blade 3 is mounted on the low-speed main shaft 27 via an impeller key 3. The front-stage drive blade 3 is located at the front end of the low-speed main shaft 27 in the high-pressure zone, and the front-stage drive blade 3 is a straight blade. The low-speed bearing inner shim 23, the low-speed bearing outer shim 24, and the low-speed bearing 22 are sequentially installed in the intermediate-pressure bearing housing 8. Finally, the inner ring of the low-speed bearing 22 is locked to the low-speed main shaft 27 using the low-speed bearing inner nut 21, and the outer ring of the low-speed bearing 22 is locked to the intermediate-pressure bearing housing 8 using the low-speed bearing outer pressure cover 19.

[0034] A high-speed shaft 12 is mounted on the intermediate-pressure head 9 via a high-speed bearing 13. The high-speed bearing 13 is locked to the intermediate-pressure head 9 via a high-speed bearing cover 14. High-speed bearing inner gaskets 18 and high-speed bearing inner rings 15 are respectively mounted on both sides of the high-speed bearing 13. A high-speed pulley 17 is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft 12 that extends out of the intermediate-pressure head 9 via a high-speed pulley key 16. An intermediate-pressure blade 10 is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft 12 that is placed inside the intermediate-pressure head 9. The condenser E-100 is located outside the refrigeration unit. The intermediate-pressure port 11 is connected to the low-pressure port 26 after passing through the condenser E-100.

[0035] The high-pressure chamber head 2, the high-pressure bearing seat 29, and the low-temperature housing 6 are bolted together. The low-temperature housing 6 is bolted together with the low-pressure housing 7, and the low-pressure housing 7 is bolted together with the medium-pressure head 9. The low-temperature port 28 is welded to the low-temperature housing 6, and the low-pressure port 26 is welded to the low-pressure housing 7.

[0036] The high-pressure nozzle 4 and the medium-pressure nozzle 25 are inclined nozzles along the circumference. The inclined nozzles generate driving force to rotate the double-opening oscillating tube. The double-opening oscillating tube 5 has 72 channels, the channel cross-section is trapezoidal, and the included angle β between two adjacent channels is 5°.

[0037] When the above technical solution is used: High-pressure fresh gas flows in from the high-pressure inlet 1 of the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, driving the front-stage drive blades 3 to rotate, thus providing power to the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator.

[0038] After the high-pressure fresh gas flows through the front drive blade 3, it flows into the high-pressure nozzle 4. When the high-pressure nozzle 4 is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube 5, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy in the high-pressure nozzle and compresses the circulating gas in the double-opening oscillating tube, causing the pressure of the circulating gas in the double-opening oscillating tube to increase. The pressurized circulating gas is discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle 25 of the self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas obtains a certain pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blade 10, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work, and finally outputs the shaft work through the high-speed pulley 17.

[0039] At the same time, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas, which is discharged from the medium-pressure port 11. After being cooled by the external condenser E-100, it flows back into the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port 26, completing the circulating gas compression and expansion cycle.

[0040] After the high-pressure fresh gas expands inside the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases, transforming it into fresh low-temperature gas. Utilizing the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas, the fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port 28 into the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, thus completing one gas refrigeration cycle. The circulating gas does not participate in the expansion and refrigeration process of the working fluid in the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas's action converts the compression work transmitted by the shock wave into externally powered shaft work, while simultaneously pushing the expanded low-temperature medium away from the double-opening oscillating tube.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of this invention without inventive effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of this invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A self-driven power extraction axial-flow double-open oscillation tube cryocooler, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing outer shell of the refrigeration unit includes a high-pressure chamber head (2), a low-temperature shell (6), a low-pressure shell (7), and a medium-pressure head (9). The high-pressure chamber head (2) is welded with a high-pressure air inlet (1), and the medium-pressure head (9) is welded with a medium-pressure port (11). The interior of the refrigeration unit is divided into three areas by a medium-pressure bearing seat (8) and a high-pressure bearing seat (29): the left side of the high-pressure bearing seat (29) is the high-pressure area, the right side of the medium-pressure bearing seat (8) is the medium-pressure area, and the area between the medium-pressure bearing seat (8) and the high-pressure bearing seat (29) is the low-pressure area. The high-pressure nozzle (4) is connected to the high-pressure bearing housing (29) by bolts or welding, and the medium-pressure nozzle (25) is connected to the medium-pressure bearing housing (8) by bolts or welding; the double-opening oscillating tube (5) is connected to the low-speed spindle (27) by bolts or welding; one end of the double-opening oscillating tube (5) is clearance-fitted with the high-pressure nozzle (4), and the other end of the double-opening oscillating tube (5) is clearance-fitted with the medium-pressure nozzle (25); The front drive blade (3) is set on the low-speed main shaft (27) via the impeller key (3). The low-speed bearing inner shim (23), the low-speed bearing outer shim (24), and the low-speed bearing (22) are installed in the intermediate pressure bearing housing (8) in sequence. Finally, the inner ring of the low-speed bearing (22) is locked to the low-speed main shaft (27) by the low-speed bearing inner nut (21), and the outer ring of the low-speed bearing (22) is locked to the intermediate pressure bearing housing (8) by the low-speed bearing outer pressure cover (19). A high-speed shaft (12) is mounted on the intermediate pressure head (9) via a high-speed bearing (13). The high-speed bearing (13) is locked to the intermediate pressure head (9) via a high-speed bearing cover (14). High-speed bearing inner gaskets (18) and high-speed bearing inner rings (15) are respectively mounted on both sides of the high-speed bearing (13). A high-speed pulley (17) is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft (12) extending out of the intermediate pressure head (9) via a high-speed pulley key (16). An intermediate pressure blade (10) is mounted on the end of the high-speed shaft (12) inside the intermediate pressure head (9). The refrigeration unit is equipped with a condenser (E-100), which is located between the medium-pressure nozzle (25) and the medium-pressure blade (10); or the condenser (E-100) is located outside the refrigeration unit, and the medium-pressure port (11) is connected to the low-pressure port (26) after passing through the condenser (E-100).

2. The self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure chamber head (2), high-pressure bearing seat (29) and low-temperature shell (6) are bolted together. The low-temperature shell (6) is bolted together with the low-pressure shell (7). The low-pressure shell (7) is bolted together with the medium-pressure head (9). The low-temperature port (28) is welded to the low-temperature shell (6). The low-pressure port (26) is welded to the low-pressure shell (7).

3. The self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front drive blade (3) is located at the front end of the low-speed main shaft (27) in the high-pressure zone, or the front drive blade (3) is located at the rear end of the low-speed main shaft (27) in the medium-pressure zone.

4. A self-driven axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator with external power output according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front-stage drive blade (3) is a straight blade, a circular arc blade, a three-dimensional blade or a multi-stage blade; the intermediate-pressure blade (10) is a turbine expansion impeller.

5. A self-driven axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator with external power output according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-pressure nozzle (4) and the medium-pressure nozzle (25) are inclined nozzles along the circumference. The inclined nozzles provide driving force to drive the double-opening oscillating tube to rotate.

6. A self-driven axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator with external power output according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of channels in the double-opening oscillating tube (5) is 2-200, and the channel cross-section is square, trapezoidal, circular or multi-segment linear, with the included angle β between two adjacent channels being 1.8-180°.

7. The refrigeration method of a self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The refrigeration method includes a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the front-stage drive blades are set in the high-pressure zone and a working mode in which the front-stage drive blades are set in the medium-pressure zone. The second stage includes two modes: a working mode in which the condenser is set outside the refrigeration unit and a working mode in which the condenser is set inside the refrigeration unit. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the high-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, driving the front-stage drive blades to rotate and providing power to the refrigerator. After passing the front-stage drive blades, the high-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy and compresses the circulating gas in the double-opening oscillating tube, thus increasing the pressure of the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial-flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The circulating gas gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of the medium-pressure blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. Finally, the shaft work is exported through the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the front-stage drive blades are set in the medium-pressure zone: High-pressure fresh gas flows into the high-pressure inlet of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator and into the high-pressure nozzle. When the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the double-opening oscillating tube, the high-pressure fresh gas converts pressure energy into velocity energy within the nozzle and compresses the circulating gas within the double-opening oscillating tube, thus pressurizing the circulating gas. The pressurized circulating gas is then discharged from the medium-pressure nozzle of the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator, where it gains pressure energy and becomes medium-pressure circulating gas. This medium-pressure circulating gas drives the front-stage drive blades located at the rear end of the low-speed main shaft to rotate, providing power to the self-driven, externally powered axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator. The medium-pressure circulating gas passes through the medium-pressure blades, and the rotation of these blades drives the high-speed shaft to rotate, converting the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas into shaft work. This shaft work is then output externally via the high-speed pulley. Operating mode where the condenser is located outside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas, which is discharged from the medium-pressure port. After being cooled by the external condenser, it flows back into the self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port to complete the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands in the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator completes one gas refrigeration cycle. Operating mode where the condenser is located inside the refrigeration unit: After the pressure energy of the medium-pressure circulating gas is converted into shaft work, the medium-pressure circulating gas becomes circulating waste gas. After being cooled by the internal condenser, it is discharged from the medium-pressure port and flows back into the self-driven external power axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator from the low-pressure port, completing the circulating gas compression-expansion cycle. After the high-pressure fresh gas expands inside the double-opening oscillating tube, its temperature decreases and it becomes fresh low-temperature gas. The fresh low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature port using the pressure difference between the circulating waste gas and the fresh low-temperature gas. This completes a gas refrigeration cycle.

8. The refrigeration method of a self-driven external power output axial flow double-opening oscillating tube refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circulating gas medium is selected from dehumidified air or nitrogen, and the high-pressure fresh gas is selected from dehumidified air, nitrogen, humidified air or natural gas.

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