A surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with a medical thoracoscope and its manufacturing method

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope and a manufacturing method thereof. The model includes a thoracic cage outer shell, on which a puncture port is provided. A skin block covering the outside of the puncture port is detachably connected to the thoracic cage outer shell. A skeleton inner shell is arranged inside the thoracic cage outer shell, a pleural block is arranged inside the skeleton inner shell, a lung lobe model is arranged inside the pleural block, a pulmonary bulla model is arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model, and the pulmonary bulla model is detachably connected to the lung lobe model. The model manufactured by the method of this application can use surgical instruments to pass through the skin block to more realistically simulate puncture practice. At the same time, by using the pulmonary bulla model arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model, it can more realistically realize the full-process training of the internal thoracic endoscope from percutaneous puncture to the treatment of pulmonary bullae under the thoracic endoscope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pulmonary bullae are generally caused by reasons such as rupture of lung tissue and congenital factors. There are two types of pulmonary bullae, congenital and acquired. Congenital pulmonary bullae are more common in children. Due to congenital bronchial dysplasia, the mucosal folds are in the shape of valves, and the cartilage development is poor, resulting in a valvular effect. Acquired pulmonary bullae are more common in adults and elderly patients, often accompanied by chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The vast majority of patients with pulmonary bullae can be treated by surgical treatment of pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope. In order to enable medical personnel to have proficient surgical skills in treating pulmonary bullae under a thoracic endoscope during medical treatment, training and practice are required through a thoracic endoscope training model.

[0003] In the related art, the thoracic endoscope training model includes a surgical thoracic endoscope training model and an internal thoracic endoscope training model. The surgical thoracic endoscope training model is mainly used for training the surgical operation of lung lobectomy under a thoracic endoscope. The training model of the internal thoracic endoscope mainly focuses on simple operations of the thoracic endoscope, including biopsy operations of the internal thoracic endoscope. Currently, there is no dedicated thoracic endoscope training model for training in the surgical treatment of pulmonary bullae.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve the full-process training of the internal thoracic endoscope from percutaneous puncture to the treatment of pulmonary bullae under a thoracic endoscope is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve the full-process training of the internal thoracic endoscope from percutaneous puncture to the treatment of pulmonary bullae under a thoracic endoscope, the present application provides a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0006] The surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope and the manufacturing method provided by the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal thoracic endoscope includes a thoracic cage outer shell. A puncture port is provided on the thoracic cage outer shell. A skin block covering the outside of the puncture port is detachably connected to the thoracic cage outer shell. A framework inner shell is arranged inside the thoracic cage outer shell. A pleural block is arranged inside the framework inner shell. A lung lobe model is arranged inside the pleural block. A pulmonary bulla model is arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model. The pulmonary bulla model is detachably connected to the lung lobe model.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, using the thoracic cage outer shell, skin block, inner skeleton shell, pleural block, lung lobe model, and pulmonary bulla model can not only simulate the external shape characteristics of the human chest, but also simulate the internal tissue structure of the human chest. When in use, by using surgical instruments to penetrate the skin block, puncture practice can be simulated. At the same time, by using the pulmonary bulla model arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model, the whole process training of percutaneous puncture to pulmonary bulla treatment under thoracoscopy can be realized.

[0009] Optionally, the thoracic cage outer shell and the inner skeleton shell are arranged in a lateral position. The bottom of the inner skeleton shell is detachably connected with a model base, and a lung lobe base is fixedly connected to the model base. The lung lobe model is fixedly installed on the lung lobe base.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, using the model base and the lung lobe base as the installation foundation can ensure that the model can be stably placed during use, thus ensuring the stability of the pulmonary bulla treatment surgery under thoracoscopy.

[0011] Optionally, the lung lobe model includes a lung lobe main body and a trachea. The inside of the lung lobe main body is hollow, and the end of the lung lobe main body is fixedly and hermetically connected to the trachea. One end of the trachea far away from the lung lobe main body is hermetically connected with a respiratory simulation air pump.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, connecting the lung lobe main body and the respiratory simulation air pump, and using the respiratory simulation air pump can simulate the state of lung lobe contraction and expansion caused by exhalation and inhalation. This can help trainees practice the surgical process of puncturing and treating pulmonary bullae under the state of respiratory undulation, improving the authenticity of the surgery.

[0013] In the second aspect, a manufacturing method of a training model for pulmonary bulla treatment surgery with an internal thoracoscope is as follows:

[0014] S1. 3D modeling: Select the human CT image data of a normal body shape with a pulmonary bulla case, and reconstruct the three-dimensional models of various tissues in the human chest.

[0015] S2. Structure design: Design the various tissue structures in the human chest as a thoracic cage outer shell, skin block, inner skeleton shell, pleural block, lung lobe model, and installation structure according to the three-dimensional model.

[0016] S3. Mold design: Design and manufacture molds according to the structures of the skin block, pleural block, and lung lobe model respectively.

[0017] S4. Component manufacturing, including:

[0018] S41. Adopt 3D printing technology to directly print out the thoracic cage outer shell and the inner skeleton shell.

[0019] S42. Use the pouring and molding method to fabricate skin blocks, pleural blocks, and lung lobe models one by one using molds.

[0020] S43. Use an internally electrically heated gel material to fabricate a bulla model by means of water vaporization and foaming.

[0021] S5. Assembly and combination: Adhere the bulla model to the surface of the lung lobe model, and sequentially assemble and install the lung lobe model, pleural block, inner skeleton shell, thoracic cage outer shell, and skin block.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, the method of three-dimensional modeling using human CT image data can more realistically simulate the human tissue structure. Designing the various tissue structures of the human chest as a thoracic cage outer shell, skin block, inner skeleton shell, pleural block, lung lobe model, and installation structure can not only facilitate and quickly assemble and install the model, but also achieve the purpose of repeated use by replacing the skin block.

[0023] Optionally, S43 includes the following steps:

[0024] S431. Prepare an electrically heated needle and a gel block.

[0025] S432. Insert the electrically heated needle into the gel block, and the distance between the inner end of the electrically heated needle and the surface of the gel block is d, satisfying: 4 ≤ d ≤ 6 mm.

[0026] S433. Energize and heat the electrically heated needle to vaporize the water inside the gel block.

[0027] S434. Continuously heat the electrically heated needle until bubbles are generated on the surface of the gel block, and then stop energizing and heating the electrically heated needle.

[0028] S435. Cut and separate the bubbles from the gel block along the position close to the surface of the gel block at the bottom of the bubbles.

[0029] S436. Perform surface treatment on the cut and separated bubbles.

[0030] S437. Store the surface-treated bubbles in a sealed and refrigerated manner for future use.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solutions, the method of internal electrical heating in the gel block can vaporize the internal water, thereby expanding the outside of the gel block, and then obtaining irregular bubbles close to bullae. Only by cutting along the edge of the bubbles can a bulla model with an internal hollow shape similar to that of a real case be obtained, which can ensure the authenticity of the full process training for bulla treatment under thoracoscopy, thus facilitating the improvement of the surgical training effect.

[0032] Optionally, the surface treatment of the cut and separated bubbles in S436 includes spraying a leather topcoat on the surface of the bubbles, and the leather topcoat is a silicone polymer.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, spraying a leather topcoat of silicone polymer on the surface of the bubbles can avoid the phenomenon of bubble rupture caused by the reduction of material elasticity due to the volatilization of surface moisture of the gel, and improve the storage life of the bubbles.

[0034] Optionally, S3 includes:

[0035] S31. Design and manufacture skin molds and muscle molds according to the skin blocks respectively;

[0036] S32. Design and manufacture a pleural mold according to the pleural block;

[0037] S33. Design and manufacture lung lobe molds and trachea molds according to the lung lobe models respectively.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, independently designing the molds for skin blocks, pleural blocks, and lung lobe models can make it more convenient to separately manufacture skin blocks, pleural blocks, and lung lobe models, which is beneficial to ensuring that the skin blocks, pleural blocks, and lung lobe models are closer to the real human body tissue structure characteristics after being manufactured and formed.

[0039] Optionally, silicone with a Shore hardness of 5 degrees is used to be poured into the skin mold to form a skin block; polyurethane foam sponge with a hardness of 10 degrees is used to be poured into the muscle mold to form a muscle block, and the skin block and the muscle block are bonded into a skin block, and the hardness and thickness of the skin block are close to those of the real human body; a pleural block is made by pouring silicone with a hardness of [degree] into the pleural mold, and after manufacturing, blood vessel textures are hand-painted on the inner layer of the pleural block.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, bonding the skin block made of silicone with a Shore hardness of 5 degrees and the muscle block made of polyurethane foam sponge with a hardness of 10 degrees into a skin block can more realistically simulate the hardness of the human skin and muscles. At the same time, hand-painting blood vessel textures on the pleural block made of silicone with a hardness of 10 degrees can enable users to more realistically experience the surgical process both tactilely and visually, further improving the surgical effect.

[0041] Optionally, the muscle mold is made by mechanical processing using a metal material, the skin mold and the pleural mold are made by resin 3D printing, and the lung lobe mold and the trachea mold are made by nylon powder 3D printing.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, using different materials to make the corresponding molds can ensure that the molds can meet the structural strength requirements during use and save the manufacturing cost in terms of manufacturing process and consumables.

[0043] Optionally, after printing the thoracic cavity outer shell and the inner skeleton shell in S41, surface grinding and painting treatments are respectively performed on the thoracic cavity outer shell and the inner skeleton shell in sequence.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, surface grinding and painting treatments on the thoracic cavity outer shell and the inner skeleton shell can improve the appearance quality of the thoracic cavity outer shell and the inner skeleton shell, thereby enhancing the user experience of the user during use.

[0045] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0046] 1. By using the thoracic cavity outer shell, skin blocks, inner skeleton shell, pleural blocks, lung lobe models, and pulmonary bulla models, the present application can not only simulate the external shape characteristics of the human chest but also simulate the internal tissue structure of the human chest. Passing a surgical instrument through the skin blocks can simulate puncture practice, and at the same time, by using the pulmonary bulla models arranged on the surface of the lung lobe models, the full-process training of percutaneous puncture to pulmonary bulla treatment under thoracoscopy for internists can be realized;

[0047] 2. By providing replaceable skin blocks, the present application facilitates replacement after puncture use, thereby enabling repeated use. Moreover, the skin blocks are made of soft materials, and their hardness and thickness are close to those of the real human body, which can facilitate the practice of touching to locate the rib spaces and then perform accurate puncture practice;

[0048] 3. The present application connects the lung lobe main body with the respiratory simulation air pump. By using the respiratory simulation air pump, the state of lung lobe contraction and expansion caused by exhalation and inhalation can be simulated, which can help trainees practice the surgical process of puncturing and treating pulmonary bullae under the state of respiratory fluctuations, thereby improving the authenticity of the surgery;

[0049] 4. By making the pulmonary bulla models of gel blocks, the present application can more realistically simulate operations such as puncturing and electrocoagulation of pulmonary bullae by utilizing the characteristic that the texture of the gel material is close to that of real pulmonary bullae;

[0050] 5. By making the inner skeleton shell by nylon 3D printing, the present application can enable the inner skeleton shell to have a certain elasticity while maintaining hardness, which can more realistically simulate the process of inserting a thoracoscope into the rib space to spread the ribs during training. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled state of the surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internist thoracoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the disassembled state of the surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internist thoracoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the bonding state between the bulla model and the lung lobe model according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the bulla model according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals: 100, outer shell; 101, puncture port; 102, skin block; 103, base; 104, lung lobe base; 200, inner shell of the skeleton; 201, rib groove; 202, flange; 300, pleural block; 400, lung lobe model; 401, main body of the lung lobe; 402, trachea; 403, respiratory simulation air pump; 500, bulla model; 600, electro-heating needle; 700, gel block; 800, air bubble. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] The following further elaborates on the present application in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-4 drawings.

[0057] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0059] An embodiment of the present application discloses a medical thoracoscopic bulla treatment surgery training model and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0060] Embodiment 1

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, in an embodiment of the present application, a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with a medical thoracoscope includes a thoracic cavity outer shell 100 arranged in a lateral decubitus position. The thoracic cavity outer shell 100 extends from the human neck to the human waist, and a puncture opening 101 is provided at the position from the human armpit to the chest. A skin block 102 is provided at the position of the puncture opening 101 on the thoracic cavity outer shell 100. The skin block 102 is formed by bonding a muscle block and a skin block. Both the muscle block and the skin block are made of different soft materials in India. The muscle block has a hardness and thickness close to that of human muscles, and the skin block has the thickness and hardness of human skin. The skin block 102 covers the outside of the puncture opening 101 and is fixedly installed on the surface of the thoracic cavity outer shell 100 by a detachable connection method. The connection method between the skin block 102 and the thoracic cavity outer shell 100 can adopt screw locking connection. In this way, the skin block 102 can be conveniently disassembled and installed by using screws. By replacing the skin block 102, the model can be reused multiple times, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of pulmonary bullae surgical training.

[0062] It can be understood that in other embodiments of the present application, the connection method between the skin block 102 and the thoracic cavity outer shell 100 can also adopt glue bonding, for example, bonding and fixing by using hot melt glue. When disassembly is required, only the bonding part needs to be heated to melt the hot melt glue, and then the skin block 102 can be conveniently detached, so as to achieve convenient disassembly and assembly of the skin block 102. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the connection method between the skin block 102 and the thoracic cavity outer shell 100 can also adopt other connection methods that are convenient for disassembly and replacement, such as Velcro connection and snap connection.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 2 , in an embodiment of the present application, a skeleton inner shell 200 arranged in a lateral decubitus position is provided inside the thoracic cavity outer shell 100. Rib grooves 201 are provided on the surface of the skeleton inner shell 200 with reference to the gaps between human ribs. A flange 202 is provided at the bottom of the skeleton inner shell 200. The skeleton inner shell 200 is detachably connected to the inside of the thoracic cavity outer shell 100 by clamping the flange 202.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in an embodiment of the present application, a pleural block 300 is provided inside the skeleton inner shell 200. A lung lobe model 400 is provided inside the pleural block 300. A pulmonary bullae model 500 is provided on the surface of the lung lobe model 400. The pulmonary bullae model 500 is detachably connected to the lung lobe model 400. Using the thoracic cavity outer shell 100, the skin block 102, the skeleton inner shell 200, the pleural block 300, the lung lobe model 400, and the pulmonary bullae model 500 can not only simulate the external shape characteristics of the human chest, but also simulate the internal tissue structure of the human chest.

[0065] Please refer toFigure 2 , in an embodiment of the present application, a model base 103 is detachably connected to the bottom of the skeleton inner shell 200, a lung lobe base 104 is fixedly connected to the model base 103, and the lung lobe model 400 is fixedly installed on the lung lobe base 104. Using the model base 103 and the lung lobe base 104 as the installation bases can ensure that the model can be stably placed during use, thereby ensuring the stability of the surgical operation for treating pulmonary bullae under thoracoscopy.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in an embodiment of the present application, the lung lobe model 400 includes a lung lobe main body 401 and a trachea 402. The inside of the lung lobe main body 401 is hollow, the end of the lung lobe main body 401 is fixedly and hermetically communicated with the trachea 402, the pulmonary bulla model 500 is fixedly connected to the surface of the lung lobe model 400 using glue, and one end of the trachea 402 far from the lung lobe main body 401 is hermetically connected to a respiratory simulation air pump 403. Connecting the lung lobe main body 401 and the respiratory simulation air pump 403, the respiratory simulation air pump 403 can be used to simulate the state of lung lobe contraction and expansion caused by exhalation and inhalation, which can help trainees practice the surgical process of puncturing and treating pulmonary bullae under the state of respiratory fluctuations, improving the authenticity of the operation.

[0067] The implementation principle of a surgical training model for treating pulmonary bullae with an internal medicine thoracoscope in an embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0068] By using the thoracic cage outer shell 100, the skin block 102, the skeleton inner shell 200, the pleural block 300, the lung lobe model 400, and the pulmonary bulla model 500, the present application can not only simulate the external shape characteristics of the human chest but also simulate the internal tissue structure of the human chest. Using surgical instruments to penetrate through the skin block can simulate puncture practice, and at the same time, by using the pulmonary bulla model arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model, full-process training from percutaneous puncture to treating pulmonary bullae under thoracoscopy can be realized for internal medicine thoracoscopy.

[0069] By providing the replaceable skin block 102, it is convenient to replace it after puncture use, thereby realizing repeated use. Moreover, the skin block 102 is made of a soft material, and its hardness and thickness are close to those of the real human body, which can facilitate practicing touching to locate the rib space position and then performing accurate puncture practice.

[0070] The present application connects the lung lobe main body 401 and the respiratory simulation air pump 403. The respiratory simulation air pump 403 can be used to simulate the state of lung lobe contraction and expansion caused by exhalation and inhalation, which can help trainees practice the surgical process of puncturing and treating pulmonary bullae under the state of respiratory fluctuations, improving the authenticity of the operation.

[0071] In this application, the bulla model 500 is made of gel blocks. By taking advantage of the fact that the texture of the gel material is similar to that of real bullae, it is possible to more realistically simulate operations such as puncturing and electrocoagulation on the bulla model 500 during training.

[0072] In this application, the inner skeleton shell is made by nylon 3D printing. This enables the inner skeleton shell 200 to have a certain degree of elasticity while maintaining hardness, and can more realistically simulate the process of the thoracoscope inserting into the intercostal space between the ribs and spreading the ribs during training.

[0073] In this application, by using surgical instruments to pass through the skin block 102, puncture practice can be simulated. At the same time, by utilizing the bulla model 500 arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model 400, a full-process training can be realized for the medical thoracoscope from percutaneous puncture to the thoracic cavity and then for the treatment of bullae under the thoracoscope.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , in an implementation manner of this application, a manufacturing method of a medical thoracoscope bulla treatment surgical training model is as follows:

[0076] S1. Three-dimensional modeling: Select the CT image data of a normal-sized human body with a bulla case, and reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the neck and chest skin layers, fat layers, muscle layers, bones, lung lobes and surface bullae, trachea and bronchi. The method of using the human CT image data for three-dimensional modeling can more realistically simulate the human tissue structure.

[0077] S2. Structure design: According to the three-dimensional model, design the various tissue structures of the human chest into the thoracic cage outer shell 100, skin block 102, inner skeleton shell 200, pleural block 300, lung lobe model 400 and the installation structure in Embodiment 1. Designing the various tissue structures of the human chest into the thoracic cage outer shell 100, skin block 102, inner skeleton shell 200, pleural block 300, lung lobe model 400 and the installation structure can achieve the purpose of repeated use by replacing the skin block 102. Among them, the pleural block 300 needs to be designed separately according to the rib contour of the inner skeleton shell 200 and the position of the lung lobe model 400, and a replaceable skin block 102 is designed in the area of the medical thoracoscope surgical puncture, that is, the position from the human armpit to the chest. The installation structure includes connection structures such as the model base 103 and the flange.

[0078] S3. Mold Design: Design and fabricate molds according to the structures of the skin block 102, pleural block 300, and lung lobe model 400 respectively. Independently designing the molds for the skin block 102, pleural block 300, and lung lobe model 400 can facilitate the individual fabrication of the skin block 102, pleural block 300, and lung lobe model 400, which is conducive to ensuring that the skin block 102, pleural block 300, and lung lobe model 400 are closer to the real human tissue structure characteristics after being fabricated and formed. Moreover, using different materials to fabricate the molds accordingly can ensure that the molds can meet the structural strength requirements during use and save manufacturing costs in terms of manufacturing processes and consumables. The specific steps are as follows:

[0079] S31. Design a skin mold and a muscle mold according to the skin block 102 respectively. The skin mold is fabricated by resin 3D printing, and the muscle mold is fabricated by machining using metal materials.

[0080] S32. Design a pleural mold according to the pleural block 300, and the pleural mold is fabricated by resin 3D printing.

[0081] S33. Design a lung lobe mold and a trachea mold according to the lung lobe model 400 respectively, and the lung lobe mold and the trachea mold are fabricated by nylon powder 3D printing.

[0082] S4. Component Fabrication. The methods for fabricating each component include the following:

[0083] S41. Adopt 3D printing technology to directly print out the thoracic cage outer shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200; and then perform surface grinding on the thoracic cage outer shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200 in sequence, and perform a repainting treatment on the surfaces of the thoracic cage outer shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200. Surface grinding and painting treatment on the thoracic cage outer shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200 can improve the appearance quality of the thoracic cage outer shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200, thereby improving the user experience of the user during use.

[0084] S42. Use the molds to fabricate the skin block 102, pleural block 300, and lung lobe model 400 one by one by means of casting molding. The specific steps include:

[0085] S421. Use silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 5 degrees to be poured into the skin mold to form the skin block;

[0086] S422. Use the muscle mold to fabricate the muscle block by pouring polyurethane foam sponge with a hardness of 10 degrees

[0087] S423. Bond the skin block and the muscle block into the skin block 102. Bonding the skin block made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 5 degrees and the muscle block made of polyurethane foam sponge with a hardness of 10 degrees into the skin block 102 can more realistically simulate the hardness of the human skin and muscles.

[0088] S424. Use a pleural mold to pour silicone with a hardness of 10 degrees to make the pleural block 300. After production, manually paint blood vessel textures on the inner layer of the pleural block 300, and the blood vessel width is less than 0.5 mm. Manually painting blood vessel textures on the pleural block 300 made of silicone with a hardness of 10 degrees can enable users to more realistically experience the surgical process both tactilely and visually, further improving the surgical effect.

[0089] S424. Use a lung lobe mold and a trachea mold to make the lung lobe model 400. The lung lobe model 400 is perfused separately. After completion, glue the lung lobe and the trachea together to maintain the hollow structure inside the lung lobe and allow ventilation.

[0090] S43. Use an internally electrically heated gel material to make the bullae model 500 by means of water evaporation and bubbling. As Figure 4 shown, the method of internally electrically heating inside the gel block 700 can vaporize the internal moisture, thereby expanding the outside of the gel block 700, and then obtaining irregular bubbles 800 close to bullae. Only need to cut along the edge of the bubbles 800 to obtain the bullae model 500 with a hollow shape inside and close to the bullae in real cases. This can ensure the authenticity of the whole process training for the treatment of bullae under thoracoscopy, thus being beneficial to improving the effect of surgical training. The specific method of making the bullae model 500 includes:

[0091] S431. Prepare an electrically heated needle 600 and a gel block 700;

[0092] S432. Insert the electrically heated needle 600 into the gel block 700, and the distance between the inner end of the electrically heated needle 600 and the surface of the gel block 700 is d, satisfying: 4 ≤ d ≤ 6 mm; preferably, the distance d between the inner end of the electrically heated needle 600 and the surface of the gel block 700 is d = 5 mm.

[0093] S433. Electrify and heat the electrically heated needle 600 to vaporize the moisture inside the gel block 700;

[0094] S434. Continuously heat the electrically heated needle 600 until bubbles 800 are generated on the surface of the gel block 700. When the diameter of the bubbles 800 is close to 30 mm, stop electrifying and heating the electrically heated needle 600;

[0095] S435. Cut and separate the bubbles 800 from the gel block 700 along the position close to the surface of the gel block 700 at the bottom of the bubbles 800;

[0096] S436. Perform surface treatment on the cut and separated air bubbles 800, that is, spray leather topcoat on the surface of the air bubbles 800. The leather topcoat is a silicone polymer. Spraying the silicone polymer leather topcoat on the surface of the air bubbles 800 can avoid the phenomenon of air bubble rupture caused by the reduction of material elasticity due to the volatilization of surface moisture of the gel, and improve the storage life of the air bubbles 800.

[0097] S437. Seal and refrigerate the surface-treated air bubbles 800 for standby.

[0098] S5. Assembly combination: Bond the bulla model 500 to the surface of the lung lobe model 400, and sequentially assemble and install the lung lobe model 400, the pleural block 300, the inner skeleton shell 200, the thoracic cage shell 100, and the skin block 102 to complete the production of the medical thoracoscopic bulla treatment surgery training model.

[0099] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application, and the protection scope of this application is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. 3D modeling: Select CT image data of human bodies with bullae and normal body shape, and reconstruct 3D models of human chest tissues; S2. Structural design: Based on the three-dimensional model, the various tissue structures of the human chest are designed into a thorax outer shell (100), a skin block (102), a skeleton inner shell (200), a pleural block (300), a lung lobe model (400), and a mounting structure; S3, mold design: designing and manufacturing molds according to the structures of the skin block (102), the pleural block (300), and the lung lobe model (400); S4. Component production, including: S41, using 3D printing technology to directly print out the thorax outer shell (100) and the skeleton inner shell (200); S42, using a casting method to use a mold to make a skin block (102), a pleural block (300), and a lung lobe model (400) one by one; S43, using internal electric heating gel material to produce bubbling by evaporation of water to make a bulla model (500); The S43 comprises the following steps: S431, preparing the electric heating needle (600) and the gel block (700); S432, inserting the electric heating needle (600) into the interior of the gel block (700), with the distance between the inner end of the electric heating needle (600) and the surface of the gel block (700) being d, satisfying: 4≤d≤6mm; S433, energizing and heating the electric heating needle (600) to vaporize the moisture inside the gel block (700); S434, continuously heating the electric heating needle (600) until bubbles (800) are generated on the surface of the gel block (700), and then stopping the electric heating needle (600) from heating; S435, cutting and separating the bubble (800) from the gel block (700) along the bottom of the bubble (800) close to the surface of the gel block (700); S436, performing surface treatment on the bubbles (800) after cutting and separation; S437, sealing and refrigerating the surface-treated bubbles (800) for later use; S5. Assembly: The bulla model (500) is bonded to the surface of the lung lobe model (400), and the lung lobe model (400), the pleural block (300), the skeleton inner shell (200), the thoracic outer shell (100), and the skin block (102) are assembled and installed in sequence.

2. The method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 includes: S31, designing and manufacturing a skin mold and a muscle mold respectively according to the skin block (102); S32, designing and manufacturing a pleural mold according to the pleural block (300); S33. Design and manufacture a lung lobe mold and a trachea mold respectively according to the lung lobe model (400).

3. The method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface treatment of the cut and separated bubbles (800) in S436 includes spraying leather topcoat on the surface of the bubbles (800), wherein the leather topcoat is an organic silicon polymer.

4. The method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 2, characterized in that: A skin block is made by pouring silicone with a Shore hardness of 5 degrees into a skin mold; a muscle block is made by pouring a polyurethane foam sponge with a hardness of 10 degrees into a muscle mold, and the skin block and the muscle block are bonded to form a skin block (102); a pleural mold is poured with silicone with a hardness of 10 degrees to make a pleural block (300), and after production, a vascular texture is manually painted on the inner layer of the pleural block (300).

5. The method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The muscle mold is made of metal material through mechanical processing, the skin mold and the pleura mold are made of resin 3D printing, and the lung lobe mold and the trachea mold are made of nylon powder 3D printing.

6. The method for making a medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the thorax outer shell (100) and the skeleton inner shell (200) are printed in S41, the thorax outer shell (100) and the skeleton inner shell (200) are respectively subjected to surface polishing and painting treatments in sequence.

7. A medical thoracoscopic bullae treatment surgery training model, characterized by: The invention is manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a thoracic shell (100), a puncture hole (101) being opened on the thoracic shell (100), a skin block (102) being detachably connected to the thoracic shell (100) and covering the outside of the puncture hole (101), a skeleton inner shell (200) being arranged inside the thoracic shell (100), a pleural block (300) being arranged inside the skeleton inner shell (200), a lung lobe model (400) being arranged inside the pleural block (300), a lung bulla model (500) being arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model (400), and the lung bulla model (500) being bonded to the lung lobe model (400).

8. The medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thoracic outer shell (100) and the skeleton inner shell (200) are arranged in a lateral position; the bottom of the skeleton inner shell (200) is detachably connected to a model base (103); a lung lobe base (104) is fixedly connected to the model base (103); and the lung lobe model (400) is fixedly mounted on the lung lobe base (104).

9. The medical thoracoscopic bullous treatment surgery training model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lung lobe model (400) comprises a lung lobe body (401) and a trachea (402); the lung lobe body (401) is hollow inside, the end of the lung lobe body (401) is fixedly sealed and connected to the trachea (402), and one end of the trachea (402) away from the lung lobe body (401) is sealed and connected to a breathing simulation air pump (403).

Images